A pH predictive model based on acid–base equilibria and ion equilibria was proposed to calculate the pH value of the overhead condensing system of crude distillation unit. The pH model could be used to predict the ap...A pH predictive model based on acid–base equilibria and ion equilibria was proposed to calculate the pH value of the overhead condensing system of crude distillation unit. The pH model could be used to predict the appropriate amounts of neutralizers by measuring the Cl-ion concentration of the overhead knockout drum. The pH values of various neutralized streams were estimated by this model. The results showed that the predicted pH values were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The trend of the corrosion inhibition efficiency decreases in the following order: ethylenediamine > N,Ndimethylethanolamine> triethylamine > 3-methoxypropylamine > morpholine. The difficulty in the accurate control of corrosion was solved, and a good instruction was provided for mitigating corrosion in refinery.展开更多
Electrical power transmission is dominated by overhead line systems at present.This is mainly based on more than hundred years of experience of utilities in running overhead lines.Furthermore,overhead lines have prove...Electrical power transmission is dominated by overhead line systems at present.This is mainly based on more than hundred years of experience of utilities in running overhead lines.Furthermore,overhead lines have proven their operational reliability and functional assurance.In the past,cables were used in distribution networks in urban areas for the most part with the exception of direct current submarine cables.New developments of high voltage XLPE cables make it possible to use this technology for EHV level applications in transmission networks.Within this paper,mixed network configurations,consisting of overhead lines and high voltage cables,are investigated.An exemplary EHV transmission line with a total length of about 100 km,which is quite typical for Central Europe,has been studied.Several different line combinations are discussed with varied rates between overhead line sections and cable sections length in practice.The length of the cable sections are ranging from several kilometers up to lengths of 100 km.In this paper the work focuses on the transient behavior of combined 400 kV overhead and cable lines during switching processes and lightning impacts.A number of calculations were carried out to get an overview of the transient stress in numerous network nodes along the transmission system.Numerical programs like ATP/EMTP have been used for these simulations.Peak values and wave shapes of the transient voltage stress have been evaluated,based on different systems and within possible combinations.In respect of the insulation coordination and transient stress at network nodes,the voltage-time trends are also analyzed.The combination of high voltage overhead and cable transmission systems,especially such with lengths of more than about 50 km,are making tightened and extended demands to the network design,to the operational management and of course to the network protection also.As an output of this investigations,the results might influence the strategy in running this new type of combined transmission systems.展开更多
Today, the growth of aerospace industry has led to the development of modular overhead systems that can be applied to a wide variety of aircraft.?It actually maximizes training effectiveness by working in a similar wa...Today, the growth of aerospace industry has led to the development of modular overhead systems that can be applied to a wide variety of aircraft.?It actually maximizes training effectiveness by working in a similar way as to the real aircraft maneuverability. Overhead system control device for aircraft simulator is developed as a module and integrated to the flight simulator. The developed system can replace the similar products imported from overseas at a much lower price, about one third of the imports, while maintaining the same level of functionality and the performance with the counterparts. This price advantage is the main motivation of this development, which is expected to enlarge the commercial training simulator market in our country. This development has been also funded by the government, and we invited several commercial airline pilots to test the equipment. The post operation interview revealed that the developed system at least matches or exceeds the performance of the imported products. With the development completed, it is ready for the commercial production and will help promote the expansion of flight training education at various aerospace universities in Korea.展开更多
In the background of the design and construction of Smart Grid Operation Supporting System for District Power Networks, this paper established the weighted fault probability model of the overhead line which is based o...In the background of the design and construction of Smart Grid Operation Supporting System for District Power Networks, this paper established the weighted fault probability model of the overhead line which is based on equipment operating status, utility theory and fuzzy theory. In this model, the proper membership function is adopted to describe the influence of lightning, wind speed, line ice and temperature, and the outage rate of overhead line, derived from historical statistics, is amended. Based on this model, the power supply risk analysis software is developed to calculate the online risk indicators of district grid, and provide real-time decision support information based on risk theory for scheduling operations personnel.展开更多
The control of underactuated mechanical systems is very complex for the loss of its control inputs. The model of underactuated mechanical systems in a potential field is built with Lagrangian method and its structural...The control of underactuated mechanical systems is very complex for the loss of its control inputs. The model of underactuated mechanical systems in a potential field is built with Lagrangian method and its structural properties are analyzed in detail. A stable control approach is proposed for the class of underactuated mechanical systems. This approach is applied to an underactuated double-pendulum-type overhead crane and the simulation results illustrate the correctness of dynamics analysis and validity of the proposed control algorithm.展开更多
Overhead-hoist-transporters (OHTs) have become the most appropriate tools to transport wafer lots between inter-bay and intra-bay in united layouts of automated material handling systems (AMHSs) in 300 mm semiconducto...Overhead-hoist-transporters (OHTs) have become the most appropriate tools to transport wafer lots between inter-bay and intra-bay in united layouts of automated material handling systems (AMHSs) in 300 mm semiconductor wafer fabrications. To obtain a conflict-free scheduling solution, an intelligent multi-agent-based control system framework was built to support the AMHSs. And corresponding algorithms and rules were proposed to implement cooperation among agents. On the basis of the mentioned above, a time-constraint-based heuristic scheduling algorithm was presented to support the routing decision agent in searching the conflict-free shortest path. In the construction of the algorithm, the conflicted intervals of the k-shortest-route were identified with the time window theory. The most available path was chosen with an objective of the minimum completion time. The back tracking method was combined to finish the routing scheduling. Finally, experiments of the proposed method were simulated. The results show that the multi-agent framework is suitable and the proposed scheduling algorithm is feasible and valid.展开更多
基金supported by the PetroChina Company Limited (20151191)
文摘A pH predictive model based on acid–base equilibria and ion equilibria was proposed to calculate the pH value of the overhead condensing system of crude distillation unit. The pH model could be used to predict the appropriate amounts of neutralizers by measuring the Cl-ion concentration of the overhead knockout drum. The pH values of various neutralized streams were estimated by this model. The results showed that the predicted pH values were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The trend of the corrosion inhibition efficiency decreases in the following order: ethylenediamine > N,Ndimethylethanolamine> triethylamine > 3-methoxypropylamine > morpholine. The difficulty in the accurate control of corrosion was solved, and a good instruction was provided for mitigating corrosion in refinery.
文摘Electrical power transmission is dominated by overhead line systems at present.This is mainly based on more than hundred years of experience of utilities in running overhead lines.Furthermore,overhead lines have proven their operational reliability and functional assurance.In the past,cables were used in distribution networks in urban areas for the most part with the exception of direct current submarine cables.New developments of high voltage XLPE cables make it possible to use this technology for EHV level applications in transmission networks.Within this paper,mixed network configurations,consisting of overhead lines and high voltage cables,are investigated.An exemplary EHV transmission line with a total length of about 100 km,which is quite typical for Central Europe,has been studied.Several different line combinations are discussed with varied rates between overhead line sections and cable sections length in practice.The length of the cable sections are ranging from several kilometers up to lengths of 100 km.In this paper the work focuses on the transient behavior of combined 400 kV overhead and cable lines during switching processes and lightning impacts.A number of calculations were carried out to get an overview of the transient stress in numerous network nodes along the transmission system.Numerical programs like ATP/EMTP have been used for these simulations.Peak values and wave shapes of the transient voltage stress have been evaluated,based on different systems and within possible combinations.In respect of the insulation coordination and transient stress at network nodes,the voltage-time trends are also analyzed.The combination of high voltage overhead and cable transmission systems,especially such with lengths of more than about 50 km,are making tightened and extended demands to the network design,to the operational management and of course to the network protection also.As an output of this investigations,the results might influence the strategy in running this new type of combined transmission systems.
文摘Today, the growth of aerospace industry has led to the development of modular overhead systems that can be applied to a wide variety of aircraft.?It actually maximizes training effectiveness by working in a similar way as to the real aircraft maneuverability. Overhead system control device for aircraft simulator is developed as a module and integrated to the flight simulator. The developed system can replace the similar products imported from overseas at a much lower price, about one third of the imports, while maintaining the same level of functionality and the performance with the counterparts. This price advantage is the main motivation of this development, which is expected to enlarge the commercial training simulator market in our country. This development has been also funded by the government, and we invited several commercial airline pilots to test the equipment. The post operation interview revealed that the developed system at least matches or exceeds the performance of the imported products. With the development completed, it is ready for the commercial production and will help promote the expansion of flight training education at various aerospace universities in Korea.
文摘In the background of the design and construction of Smart Grid Operation Supporting System for District Power Networks, this paper established the weighted fault probability model of the overhead line which is based on equipment operating status, utility theory and fuzzy theory. In this model, the proper membership function is adopted to describe the influence of lightning, wind speed, line ice and temperature, and the outage rate of overhead line, derived from historical statistics, is amended. Based on this model, the power supply risk analysis software is developed to calculate the online risk indicators of district grid, and provide real-time decision support information based on risk theory for scheduling operations personnel.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.China (60575047)
文摘The control of underactuated mechanical systems is very complex for the loss of its control inputs. The model of underactuated mechanical systems in a potential field is built with Lagrangian method and its structural properties are analyzed in detail. A stable control approach is proposed for the class of underactuated mechanical systems. This approach is applied to an underactuated double-pendulum-type overhead crane and the simulation results illustrate the correctness of dynamics analysis and validity of the proposed control algorithm.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(No. 61273035,No. 71071115)National High-Tech R&D Program for CIMS,China(No. 2009AA043000)
文摘Overhead-hoist-transporters (OHTs) have become the most appropriate tools to transport wafer lots between inter-bay and intra-bay in united layouts of automated material handling systems (AMHSs) in 300 mm semiconductor wafer fabrications. To obtain a conflict-free scheduling solution, an intelligent multi-agent-based control system framework was built to support the AMHSs. And corresponding algorithms and rules were proposed to implement cooperation among agents. On the basis of the mentioned above, a time-constraint-based heuristic scheduling algorithm was presented to support the routing decision agent in searching the conflict-free shortest path. In the construction of the algorithm, the conflicted intervals of the k-shortest-route were identified with the time window theory. The most available path was chosen with an objective of the minimum completion time. The back tracking method was combined to finish the routing scheduling. Finally, experiments of the proposed method were simulated. The results show that the multi-agent framework is suitable and the proposed scheduling algorithm is feasible and valid.
