The development of intrinsically stretchable organic electrochemical synaptic transistors(ISOESTs)based entirely on elastomeric materials is pivotal for advancing applications requiring neuromorphic functionality unde...The development of intrinsically stretchable organic electrochemical synaptic transistors(ISOESTs)based entirely on elastomeric materials is pivotal for advancing applications requiring neuromorphic functionality under significant mechanical deformation.This study presents ISOESTs capable of replicating a comprehensive range of synaptic behaviors,including excitatory postsynaptic currents(EPSCs),paired-pulse facilitation(PPF),and transitions from short-term memory(STM)to long-term memory(LTM).Remarkably,these synaptic characteristics were preserved even when the devices were subjected to 30%uniaxial strain,demonstrating exceptional mechanical robustness and functional stability.A pixelated 5×5 array of ISOESTs exhibited minimal device-to-device variation,underscoring the scalability and uniformity of the fabrication approach.To further illustrate their potential,a neurologically integrated electronic skin(e-skin)was fabricated,incorporating these ISOESTs to enable modulation of synaptic responses.The modulation of synaptic responses was strongly correlated with electrochemical analyses,establishing a robust operational framework for programmable neuromorphic systems.Comprehensive investigations into device fabrication,operation mechanisms,and integration strategies provide critical insights into the potential of these systems for next-generation applications in wearable electronics,soft robotics,neuro-prosthetics,and human–machine interfaces.This work represents a significant step toward realizing adaptive,biologically inspired electronic platforms capable of bridging the gap between engineered systems and living tissues.展开更多
Different outcomes of astrocyte inflammatory signalling in injury and neurodegeneration：It is emerging that astrocytes have a significant impact on the neuronal network by modulating synaptic connections and neuronal...Different outcomes of astrocyte inflammatory signalling in injury and neurodegeneration：It is emerging that astrocytes have a significant impact on the neuronal network by modulating synaptic connections and neuronal viability in both normal and pathological states.展开更多
Neural machine translation,which has an encoder-decoder framework,is considered to be a feasible way for future machine translation.Nevertheless,with the fusion of multiple languages and the continuous emergence of ne...Neural machine translation,which has an encoder-decoder framework,is considered to be a feasible way for future machine translation.Nevertheless,with the fusion of multiple languages and the continuous emergence of new words,most current neural machine translation systems based on von Neumann’s architecture have seen a substantial increase in the number of devices for the decoder,resulting in high-energy consumption rate.Here,a multilevel photosensitive blending semiconductor optoelectronic synaptic transistor(MOST)with two different trapping mechanisms is firstly demonstrated,which exhibits 8 stable and well distinguishable states and synaptic behaviors such as excitatory postsynaptic current,short-term memory,and long-term memory are successfully mimicked under illumination in the wavelength range of 480–800 nm.More importantly,an optical decoder model based on MOST is successfully fabricated,which is the first application of neuromorphic device in the field of neural machine translation,significantly simplifying the structure of traditional neural machine translation system.Moreover,as a multi-level synaptic device,MOST can further reduce the number of components and simplify the structure of the codec model under light illumination.This work first applies the neuromorphic device to neural machine translation,and proposes a multi-level synaptic transistor as the based cell of decoding module,which would lay the foundation for breaking the bottleneck of machine translation.展开更多
Astrocytes,a major class of glial cells,have emerged as crucial regulators of synaptic function,neuronal homeostasis,and cognitive processes(Cabral-Miranda et al.,2024).These star-shaped cells not only provide structu...Astrocytes,a major class of glial cells,have emerged as crucial regulators of synaptic function,neuronal homeostasis,and cognitive processes(Cabral-Miranda et al.,2024).These star-shaped cells not only provide structural and metabolic support to neurons but also actively participate in modulating synaptic transmission,neurovascular coupling,and inflammatory responses in the brain.展开更多
This article proposes a new conceptual biomimetic liquid metal synapse(LMS),which operates on a principle that resembles electrochemical structural plasticity,distinct from conventional electronic state transitions.It...This article proposes a new conceptual biomimetic liquid metal synapse(LMS),which operates on a principle that resembles electrochemical structural plasticity,distinct from conventional electronic state transitions.Its core architecture and biomimetic working mechanism have been clarified,which are governed by synergistic,persistent changes in the interfacial oxide layer and ion concentration at the liquid metal-electrolyte junction.These synergistic effects enable the precise modulation of synaptic strength through electrolyte engineering.The LMS demonstrates electrical behaviors analogous to fundamental neurobiological functions,such as signal transmission and persistent state changes reminiscent of long-term plasticity,which are rooted in permanent morphological and compositional reconstruction akin to biological systems.The inherent deformability,self-repair capacity,and high conductivity of liquidmetal facilitate the design of neural networks that replicate the dynamic,adaptive signaling essential for flexible intelligent devices.The insights from the LMSs suggest a promising pathway for future research into next-generation neural functional architectures.展开更多
基金supported by a New Faculty Research Grant of Pusan National University,2023support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(Nos.RS-2023-00222166 and RS-2025-00558955).
文摘The development of intrinsically stretchable organic electrochemical synaptic transistors(ISOESTs)based entirely on elastomeric materials is pivotal for advancing applications requiring neuromorphic functionality under significant mechanical deformation.This study presents ISOESTs capable of replicating a comprehensive range of synaptic behaviors,including excitatory postsynaptic currents(EPSCs),paired-pulse facilitation(PPF),and transitions from short-term memory(STM)to long-term memory(LTM).Remarkably,these synaptic characteristics were preserved even when the devices were subjected to 30%uniaxial strain,demonstrating exceptional mechanical robustness and functional stability.A pixelated 5×5 array of ISOESTs exhibited minimal device-to-device variation,underscoring the scalability and uniformity of the fabrication approach.To further illustrate their potential,a neurologically integrated electronic skin(e-skin)was fabricated,incorporating these ISOESTs to enable modulation of synaptic responses.The modulation of synaptic responses was strongly correlated with electrochemical analyses,establishing a robust operational framework for programmable neuromorphic systems.Comprehensive investigations into device fabrication,operation mechanisms,and integration strategies provide critical insights into the potential of these systems for next-generation applications in wearable electronics,soft robotics,neuro-prosthetics,and human–machine interfaces.This work represents a significant step toward realizing adaptive,biologically inspired electronic platforms capable of bridging the gap between engineered systems and living tissues.
文摘Different outcomes of astrocyte inflammatory signalling in injury and neurodegeneration：It is emerging that astrocytes have a significant impact on the neuronal network by modulating synaptic connections and neuronal viability in both normal and pathological states.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61974029)the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Fujian Province(2020J06012)Fujian Science&Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China(2021ZZ129)。
文摘Neural machine translation,which has an encoder-decoder framework,is considered to be a feasible way for future machine translation.Nevertheless,with the fusion of multiple languages and the continuous emergence of new words,most current neural machine translation systems based on von Neumann’s architecture have seen a substantial increase in the number of devices for the decoder,resulting in high-energy consumption rate.Here,a multilevel photosensitive blending semiconductor optoelectronic synaptic transistor(MOST)with two different trapping mechanisms is firstly demonstrated,which exhibits 8 stable and well distinguishable states and synaptic behaviors such as excitatory postsynaptic current,short-term memory,and long-term memory are successfully mimicked under illumination in the wavelength range of 480–800 nm.More importantly,an optical decoder model based on MOST is successfully fabricated,which is the first application of neuromorphic device in the field of neural machine translation,significantly simplifying the structure of traditional neural machine translation system.Moreover,as a multi-level synaptic device,MOST can further reduce the number of components and simplify the structure of the codec model under light illumination.This work first applies the neuromorphic device to neural machine translation,and proposes a multi-level synaptic transistor as the based cell of decoding module,which would lay the foundation for breaking the bottleneck of machine translation.
文摘Astrocytes,a major class of glial cells,have emerged as crucial regulators of synaptic function,neuronal homeostasis,and cognitive processes(Cabral-Miranda et al.,2024).These star-shaped cells not only provide structural and metabolic support to neurons but also actively participate in modulating synaptic transmission,neurovascular coupling,and inflammatory responses in the brain.
基金supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under grant No.2024M753315.
文摘This article proposes a new conceptual biomimetic liquid metal synapse(LMS),which operates on a principle that resembles electrochemical structural plasticity,distinct from conventional electronic state transitions.Its core architecture and biomimetic working mechanism have been clarified,which are governed by synergistic,persistent changes in the interfacial oxide layer and ion concentration at the liquid metal-electrolyte junction.These synergistic effects enable the precise modulation of synaptic strength through electrolyte engineering.The LMS demonstrates electrical behaviors analogous to fundamental neurobiological functions,such as signal transmission and persistent state changes reminiscent of long-term plasticity,which are rooted in permanent morphological and compositional reconstruction akin to biological systems.The inherent deformability,self-repair capacity,and high conductivity of liquidmetal facilitate the design of neural networks that replicate the dynamic,adaptive signaling essential for flexible intelligent devices.The insights from the LMSs suggest a promising pathway for future research into next-generation neural functional architectures.
