Accurately correlating the sweating rate and the concentration of biomarkers in sweat is essential in many sweat-based diagnostic applications.These two measurements are always done simultaneously in wearable sweat se...Accurately correlating the sweating rate and the concentration of biomarkers in sweat is essential in many sweat-based diagnostic applications.These two measurements are always done simultaneously in wearable sweat sensing platforms.However,concentration measurements of biomarkers are always delayed on the timeline compared with their production,whereas there is no such delay for sweating rate.Thus,a timeline mismatch exists between these two measurements.This means that the concentration vs rate correlation constructed on the basis of such measurements will deviate from the actual correlation.This study demonstrates the existence of this mismatch and explains its cause using sweat Na^(+)measurements.It also proposes an effective approach that applies a point-by-point compensation for the delay between Na+measurements and the real-time sweating rates,such that the data on the repositioned concentration vs time curve correspond to exactly the same point on the timeline as their production.A vison sensor is developed to measure the sweating rate with high accuracy at a frequency of more than 0.1 Hz.Off-body and on-body measurements of sweating rate and Na^(+)concentration are carried out,and concentration–rate correlations are constructed using both measured and repositioned concentration curves.The least squares and random forest methods are employed to fit the constructed correlations and evaluate the reliability of the proposed approach.The use of the repositioned concentration curve gives a constructed correlation that is much closer to the actual one.This study indicates the necessity to rearrange sensor-measured biomarker concentration vs time curves when correlations of concentration with sweating rate need to be constructed and proposes a practical point-by-point data repositioning strategy for doing so.The results presented here will benefit the study of sweat biomarkers with unclear correlations with sweating rate,as well as providing a basis for the development of more reliable sweat-based diagnostic methods.展开更多
Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of tuina combined with moxibustion for treatment of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children.Methods Infantile tuina combined with moxibustion was conducted for...Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of tuina combined with moxibustion for treatment of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children.Methods Infantile tuina combined with moxibustion was conducted for 28 cases of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children.Tuina was carried out for once every other day,and moxibustion was conducted for once every other three days.Clinical efficacy was observed after treatment for 4 weeks.Results The total effective rate of tuina combined with moxibustion for treatment of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children was 92.85%.Conclusion The efficacy of tuina combined with moxibustion for treatment of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children is definite,which is worthy of being popularized clinically.展开更多
Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Jiāwèi Wǔbèizǐ sǎn（加味五倍子散,Supplemented Galla Chinensis Powder） application on the different syndromes of profuse sweating after tumor chemotherapy.Me...Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Jiāwèi Wǔbèizǐ sǎn（加味五倍子散,Supplemented Galla Chinensis Powder） application on the different syndromes of profuse sweating after tumor chemotherapy.Methods One hundred and sixty patients with profuse sweating after tumor chemotherapy were randomly divided into a control group（n=80） and a treatment group（n=80）.Placebo application was carried out in the control group,and traditional Chinese medicine application was conducted in the treatment group.Treatment for 7 days was considered as 1 course of treatment.Results In treatment group,48 patients were cured,improvement was found in25 cases,and ineffectiveness was seen in 7 cases.For the patients with lungwei insecurity syndrome,19 cases were cured,improvement was found in10 cases,and ineffectiveness was seen in 1 case;for the patients with deficiency of both qi and yin,27 cases were cured,improvement was found in 9 cases,and ineffectiveness was seen in 2 cases;for the patients with vigorous fire due to yin deficiency,3 cases were cured,improvement was found in5 cases,and ineffectiveness was seen in 4 cases.According to statistical analysis,the total efficacy of treatment group was superior to that of control group（P0.05）.The efficacy on lung-wei insecurity and deficiency of both qi and yin of treatment group was superior to that of control group（both P0.05）,but there was no obvious difference between treatment group and control group in the efficacy on vigorous fire due to yin deficiency（P0.05）.Conclusion Supplemented Galla Chinensis Powder application on the navel can effectively improve the profuse sweating syndrome of patients in the types of lung-wei insecurity and deficiency of both qi and yin after tumor chemotherapy,but the efficacy is not so good for the patients in the type of vigorous fire due to yin deficiency.展开更多
Moisture and water transfer under the condition of heavy sweating are analyzed. Four different experiments are made to test moisture resistance, water-keep, wicking effect and drying ability of samples. Then gray anal...Moisture and water transfer under the condition of heavy sweating are analyzed. Four different experiments are made to test moisture resistance, water-keep, wicking effect and drying ability of samples. Then gray analysis method is introduced to evaluate the comprehensive comfort of these fabrics. Result shows chemical fiber with high moisture transfer performance has advantage in water transfer and diffusion, which is suitable for human under the condition of heavy sweating. Though natural fiber can absorb moisture well, it cannot transfer fluid sweat. Therefore natural fiber fabrics such as cotton, wool are unsuitable to make functional sportswear.展开更多
A new type of sweating manikin system has been developed to evaluate thermal insulation and moisture evaporative resistance of clothing, which is reliable, easy control and low cost. In this paper the manikin system w...A new type of sweating manikin system has been developed to evaluate thermal insulation and moisture evaporative resistance of clothing, which is reliable, easy control and low cost. In this paper the manikin system was reported and discussed from the aspects of system construction, work principles, figure formation, simulated sweating system, and technical properties.展开更多
Introduction: Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome (MGJWS) is a rare congenital disorder belonging to the synkinetic eye movement group of disorders observed in children. It occurrence in adults and patients with diabetes...Introduction: Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome (MGJWS) is a rare congenital disorder belonging to the synkinetic eye movement group of disorders observed in children. It occurrence in adults and patients with diabetes has not been reported. Material and Methods: A 64 year man with poorly controlled diabetes of 18 years presented with 3 month history of jaw winking on the left side along with gustatory sweating, which was managed conservatively. There was spontaneous improvement in jaw wink at 4 months of follow up. Conclusions: Acquired causes of MGJWS are not known. This is probably the first report of this syndrome occurring at such a late age. Long standing poorly controlled diabetes may have had some role in the development of jaw winking in this patient.展开更多
We sought to examine the relationship between BMI, sweat rate (SR) and sweat volume (SV) in pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women during a moderate exercise. Based on their ages and menstrual cycle history, thirty heal...We sought to examine the relationship between BMI, sweat rate (SR) and sweat volume (SV) in pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women during a moderate exercise. Based on their ages and menstrual cycle history, thirty healthy women were divided into three groups: pre- (22.5 ± 0.8 yrs, n = 10), peri- (46.5 ± 1.1 yrs, n = 10) and post- (52.2 ± 0.9 yrs, n = 10). Participants underwent a 15- minute walk on a treadmill at a constant speed of 4.2 km/h at 27°C. Sweat was collected and measured with a suction apparatus around a confined area of 120 cm2 outlined on the skin of the face and neck of the participants during the exercise. SR and BMI were determined using the formulae: and ? , respectively. The older women had a significantly higher BMI: pre-, peri- and post- (23.7 ± 1.3 kg/m2 vs 28.0 ± 1.2 kg/m2 vs 28.4 ± 0.7) (p there was no significant difference in SV (1.3 ± 0.4 ml vs 1.7 ± 0.2 ml vs 0.9 ± 0.1 ml) between the groups, the peri-women showed a significantly higher SR (0.07 ± 0.02 ml/min vs 0.12 ± 0.01 ml/min vs 0.06 ± 0.01 ml/min) (p < 0.05). A significant and positive correlation existed between BMI and SR (p < 0.05);SV (p < 0.01). Our findings support the conclusions that increased menopausal sweating is associated with weight gain/increased BMI especially during the perimenopausal transition period.展开更多
In this paper, the dynamic analysis of mental sweating for sound stimulus of a few tens of eccrine sweat glands is performed by the time-sequential piled-up en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with the f...In this paper, the dynamic analysis of mental sweating for sound stimulus of a few tens of eccrine sweat glands is performed by the time-sequential piled-up en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with the frame spacing of 3.3 sec. In the experiment, the amount of excess sweat can be evaluated simultaneously for a few tens of sweat glands by piling up of all the en-face OCT images. Strong non-uniformity is observed in mental sweating where the amount of sweat in response to sound stimulus is different for each sweat gland. Furthermore, the amount of sweat is significantly increased in proportion to the strength of the stimulus.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to outline Chief Physician Defen Wang’s clinical experience in perimenopausal sweating syndrome differentiation and treatment,to inherit Mr.Gao’s academic concept of mediation techniqu...The objective of this paper is to outline Chief Physician Defen Wang’s clinical experience in perimenopausal sweating syndrome differentiation and treatment,to inherit Mr.Gao’s academic concept of mediation technique,and to integrate multiple prescriptions under Mr.Gao’s thinking.The deficiency is based on the deficiency of liver and kidney Yin,the weakness of spleen and stomach,and the standard is the imbalance of Ying and Wei,the imbalance of Qi,blood and body fluid,and the main method of treatment is nourishing liver and kidney,soothing liver and invigorating spleen,regulating Ying and Wei,as well as tonifying Qi and absorbing fluid.展开更多
Background Compensatory sweating （CS） is one of the most common postoperative complications after thoracic sympathectomy, sympathicotomy or endoscopic sympathetic block （ESB） for palmar hyperhidrosis. This study w...Background Compensatory sweating （CS） is one of the most common postoperative complications after thoracic sympathectomy, sympathicotomy or endoscopic sympathetic block （ESB） for palmar hyperhidrosis. This study was conducted to examine the relevance between CS and the sympathetic segment being transected in the surgical treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis, and thus to detect the potential mechanism of the occurrence of CS. Methods Between October 2004 and June 2006, 163 patients with primary hyperhidrosis were randomly divided into two groups, T3 sympathicotomy （78 patients） and T4 sympathicotomy（85）, who were operated upon under general anesthesia via single lumen intubation and intercostal video-mediastinoscopy （VM）. Results No morbidity or mortality occurred. Palmar hyperhidrosis was cured in all patients. Follow-up（mean （13.8i-6.2） months） showed no recurrence of palmar hyperhidrosis. The difference of rates of mild CS in groups T3 and T4 was of no statistical significance. The rate of moderate CS was significantly lower in group T4 than in group T3. No severe CS occurred. Conclusion The rates of occurrence and severity of CS are lowered with the lower sympathetic chain being transected.展开更多
Background Video-assisted thoracic sympathetic block is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive method for treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. The purpose of this study was to decide which one of using electrocaute...Background Video-assisted thoracic sympathetic block is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive method for treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. The purpose of this study was to decide which one of using electrocautery hook and titanium clip is the appropriate procedure for primary palmar hyperhidrosis by assessing the compensatory sweating （CS） and quality of life （QOL） of patients after sympathetic block. Methods Between October 2007 to August 2010, 120 patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis were randomly divided into two groups, electrocautery hook group （60 patients） and titanium clip group （60 patients）. All patients were treated by sympathetic block at T4 level. The CS was graded based on severity and location; the QOL was classified to 5 different levels based upon the summed total scores （range from 20 to 100） before and after surgery. The variables were compared. Results The postoperative follow-up period was 2 months. All patients were cured. Three patients in electrocautery hook group and 1 patient in titanium clip group had a unilateral pneumothorax on chest X-ray, but none of them was necessary to have chest drainage. Neither perioperative mortality nor serious complications such as cardiac arrhythmia or arrest were observed during the operation. No bradycardia or Horner＇s syndrome occured. CS was not more common in patients in titanium clip group than in those in electrocautery hook group （P=0.001）. Moderate and severe CS was few in all patients, and there was no significant difference between two groups （P=0.193）. Most of the patients feel a notable improvement of the the QOL; nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the groups （P=0.588）. Conclusions Both electrocautery hook and titanium clip used for sympathetic block at the T4 level are effective, safe, and minimally invasive for palmar hyperhidrosis. Because of the lower severity of CS and the similar improvements in the QOL after operation, we prefer to use of titanium clip for treating palmar hyperhidrosis.展开更多
In the dim light of Studio A at the Jack Doyle Athletics and Recreation Centre,the air is thick with sweat and the sounds of focused concentrated effort.The rhythmic pounding of gloves hitting bags and the steady boun...In the dim light of Studio A at the Jack Doyle Athletics and Recreation Centre,the air is thick with sweat and the sounds of focused concentrated effort.The rhythmic pounding of gloves hitting bags and the steady bounce of jump ropes fill the room.This is my hideaway—a place where every strike and kick is a conversation with myself.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-in...Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers,providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors,emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers(such as glucose,cortisol,lactate,branched-chain amino acids,and cytokines)and physiological signals(including heart rate,blood pressure,and sweat rate)for accurate,personalized diabetes management.We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design,materials science,biorecognition elements,and integration techniques,highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics,artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms,and closed-loop therapeutic systems.Additionally,the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation,sensor stability,user compliance,data privacy,and regulatory considerations.A holistic,multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.展开更多
In hot environments,the human body shows an efficient capability to maintain a stable temperature by benefiting from sweating behavior.Inspired by this skin perspiration strategy,in this study,we demonstrated an innov...In hot environments,the human body shows an efficient capability to maintain a stable temperature by benefiting from sweating behavior.Inspired by this skin perspiration strategy,in this study,we demonstrated an innovative polyimide foam(PIF)-based mimetic skin with excellent cooling capability by integrating a silver coating and reusable hydrogel for the first time.Because of the hybrid thermal dissipating system,the successive silver coating quickly transferred heat to the inside of the polyacrylamide hydrogel.Meanwhile,the hydrogel absorbed a large amount of heat due to its large enthalpy and effectively dissipated heat to the environment through the evaporation of moisture,similar to the sweating of skin.Thus,the temperature of the skin-like film was reduced by 25.4℃compared with pure PIF under a high-power laser heating source.Identical and remarkable cooling effects were also obtained in mobile phone and battery applications,far better than commercially available thermally conductive polyimide(PI).This outstanding performance paves a new way for the thermal management application of PI in wearable electronics,microprocessors,and flexible electronics.展开更多
Dear Editor,Three dimensional(3D)bioprinted extracellular matrix(ECM)can be used to provide both biochemical and biophysical cues to direct mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)differentiation,and then differentiated cells wer...Dear Editor,Three dimensional(3D)bioprinted extracellular matrix(ECM)can be used to provide both biochemical and biophysical cues to direct mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)differentiation,and then differentiated cells were isolated for implantation in vivo using surgical procedures.However,the reduced cell activity after cell isolation from 3D constructs and low cell retention in injured sites limit its application[1].Methacrylated gelatin(GelMA)hydrogel has the advantage of fast crosslinking,which could resemble complex architectures of tissue construct in vivo[2].Here,we adopted a noninvasive bioprinting procedure to imitate the regenerative microenvironment that could simultaneously direct the sweat gland(SG)and vascular differentiation from MSCs and ultimately promote the replacement of glandular tissue in situ(Fig.1a).展开更多
Sweat loss monitoring is important for understanding the body’s thermoregulation and hydration status,as well as for comprehensive sweat analysis.Despite recent advances,developing a low-cost,scalable,and universal m...Sweat loss monitoring is important for understanding the body’s thermoregulation and hydration status,as well as for comprehensive sweat analysis.Despite recent advances,developing a low-cost,scalable,and universal method for the fabrication of colorimetric microfluidics designed for sweat loss monitoring remains challenging.In this study,we propose a novel laserengraved surface roughening strategy for various flexible substrates.This process permits the construction of microchannels that show distinct structural reflectance changes before and after sweat filling.By leveraging these unique optical properties,we have developed a fully laser-engraved microfluidic device for the quantification of naked-eye sweat loss.This sweat loss sensor is capable of a volume resolution of 0.5µL and a total volume capacity of 11µL,and can be customized to meet different performance requirements.Moreover,we report the development of a crosstalk-free dual-mode sweat microfluidic system that integrates an Ag/AgCl chloride sensor and a matching wireless measurement flexible printed circuit board.This integrated system enables the real-time monitoring of colorimetric sweat loss signals and potential ion concentration signals without crosstalk.Finally,we demonstrate the potential practical use of this microfluidic sweat loss sensor and its integrated system for sports medicine via on-body studies.展开更多
Accurate detection of uric acid(UA)is crucial for diagnosing gout,yet traditional sweat-based UA sensors continue to face challenges posed by complex and costly electrode fabrication methods,as well as weakly hydrophi...Accurate detection of uric acid(UA)is crucial for diagnosing gout,yet traditional sweat-based UA sensors continue to face challenges posed by complex and costly electrode fabrication methods,as well as weakly hydrophilic substrates.Here,we designed and developed simple,low-cost,and hydrophilic sweat UA detection sensors constructed by carbon electrodes and cellulose paper substrates.The carbon electrodes were made by carbonized polyimide films through a simple,one-step laser engraving method.Our electrodes are porous,possess a large specific surface area,and are flexible and conductive.The substrates were composed of highly hydrophilic cellulose paper that can effectively collect,store,and transport sweat.The constructed electrodes demonstrate high sensitivity of 0.4μA Lμmol^(-1)cm^(-2),wide linear range of 2–100μmol/L.In addition,our electrodes demonstrate high selectivity,excellent reproducibility,high flexibility,and outstanding stability against mechanical bending,temperature variations,and extended storage periods.Furthermore,our sensors have been proven to provide reliable results when detecting UA levels in real sweat and on real human skin.We envision that these sensors hold enormous potential for use in the prognosis,diagnosis,and treatment of gout.展开更多
BACKGROUND Porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates from sweat gland tumors.It is an aggressive malignant skin cancer that is difficult to diagnose clinically owing to its rarity and similarity to s...BACKGROUND Porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates from sweat gland tumors.It is an aggressive malignant skin cancer that is difficult to diagnose clinically owing to its rarity and similarity to squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).CASE SUMMARY This case involved a 92-year-old woman,a farmer by profession,presented with an exophytic and verrucous mass on her left palm that had formed 2 years prior and caused chronic pain and frequent bleeding.Initially,the patient was diagnosed with SCC using a punch biopsy;however,a repeat biopsy with addi-tional immunohistochemical tests was performed for porocarcinoma.Ultimately,the patient was diagnosed with porocarcinoma and reconstruction was planned using a full-thickness skin graft.After treatment,the range of motion of the palm was preserved,and the aesthetic outcome was favorable.At 6 mo of follow-up,the patient was satisfied with the outcome.CONCLUSION Porocarcinoma is commonly misdiagnosed as SCC;therefore,clinicians should consider porocarcinomas when evaluating mass-like lesions on the hands.展开更多
BACKGROUND Eccrine porocarcinoma(EPC)is a rare skin tumor that mainly affects the elderly population.Tumors often present with slow growth and a good prognosis.EPCs are usually distinguished from other skin tumors usi...BACKGROUND Eccrine porocarcinoma(EPC)is a rare skin tumor that mainly affects the elderly population.Tumors often present with slow growth and a good prognosis.EPCs are usually distinguished from other skin tumors using histopathology and immunohistochemistry.However,surgical management alone may be inadequate if the tumor has metastasized.However,currently,surgical resection is the most commonly used treatment modality.CASE SUMMARY A seventy-four-year-old woman presented with a slow-growing nodule in her left temporal area,with no obvious itching or pain,for more than four months.Histopathological examination showed small columnar and short spindle-shaped cells;thus,basal cell carcinoma was suspected.However,immunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of cytokeratin 5/6,p63 protein,p16 protein,and Ki-67 antigen(40%),and EPC was taken into consideration.The skin biopsy was repeated,and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed ductal differentiation in some cells.Finally,the patient was diagnosed with EPC,and Mohs micrographic surgery was performed.We adapted follow-up visits in a year and not found any recurrence of nodules.CONCLUSION This case report emphasizes the diagnosis and differentiation of EPC.展开更多
Sweat contains numerous vital biomarkers such as metabolites,electrolytes,proteins,nucleic acids and antigens that reflect hydration status,exhaustion,nutrition,and physiological changes.Conventional healthcare diagno...Sweat contains numerous vital biomarkers such as metabolites,electrolytes,proteins,nucleic acids and antigens that reflect hydration status,exhaustion,nutrition,and physiological changes.Conventional healthcare diagnosis relies on disease diagnostics in sophisticated centralized laboratories with invasive sample collection(e.g.,chemical analyses,plasma separation via centrifugation,tissue biopsy,etc.).Cutting-edge point-of-care diagnostics for sweat biomarker analysis allow for non-invasive monitoring of physiologically related biomarkers in sweat and real-time health status tracking.Moreover,using advanced nanoarchitectures,including nanostructured platforms and nanoparticles,can enhance the specificity,sensitivity,wearability and widen the sensing modality of sweat biosensors.Herein,we comprehensively review the secretory mechanisms,clinical uses of sweat biomarkers,and the design,principle,and latest technologies of sweat biosensors.With an emphasis on cutting-edge technologies for sweat biomarker analysis,this review chronicles the issues associated with the current sweat biomarkers analysis of sweat biomarkers and provides insights into strategies for enhancing the translation of such biosensors into routine clinical practice.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61901295)the Nanchang Microsystem Institute of Tianjin University.
文摘Accurately correlating the sweating rate and the concentration of biomarkers in sweat is essential in many sweat-based diagnostic applications.These two measurements are always done simultaneously in wearable sweat sensing platforms.However,concentration measurements of biomarkers are always delayed on the timeline compared with their production,whereas there is no such delay for sweating rate.Thus,a timeline mismatch exists between these two measurements.This means that the concentration vs rate correlation constructed on the basis of such measurements will deviate from the actual correlation.This study demonstrates the existence of this mismatch and explains its cause using sweat Na^(+)measurements.It also proposes an effective approach that applies a point-by-point compensation for the delay between Na+measurements and the real-time sweating rates,such that the data on the repositioned concentration vs time curve correspond to exactly the same point on the timeline as their production.A vison sensor is developed to measure the sweating rate with high accuracy at a frequency of more than 0.1 Hz.Off-body and on-body measurements of sweating rate and Na^(+)concentration are carried out,and concentration–rate correlations are constructed using both measured and repositioned concentration curves.The least squares and random forest methods are employed to fit the constructed correlations and evaluate the reliability of the proposed approach.The use of the repositioned concentration curve gives a constructed correlation that is much closer to the actual one.This study indicates the necessity to rearrange sensor-measured biomarker concentration vs time curves when correlations of concentration with sweating rate need to be constructed and proposes a practical point-by-point data repositioning strategy for doing so.The results presented here will benefit the study of sweat biomarkers with unclear correlations with sweating rate,as well as providing a basis for the development of more reliable sweat-based diagnostic methods.
基金Supported by Inheritance venation and academic idea study of Huxiang five meridians combination acupuncturemoxibustion and tuina academic school:201423
文摘Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of tuina combined with moxibustion for treatment of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children.Methods Infantile tuina combined with moxibustion was conducted for 28 cases of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children.Tuina was carried out for once every other day,and moxibustion was conducted for once every other three days.Clinical efficacy was observed after treatment for 4 weeks.Results The total effective rate of tuina combined with moxibustion for treatment of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children was 92.85%.Conclusion The efficacy of tuina combined with moxibustion for treatment of lung-wei insecurity-type sweating syndrome in children is definite,which is worthy of being popularized clinically.
基金Supported by Scientific research fund project of Yancheng,Jiangsu:YK2014111
文摘Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Jiāwèi Wǔbèizǐ sǎn（加味五倍子散,Supplemented Galla Chinensis Powder） application on the different syndromes of profuse sweating after tumor chemotherapy.Methods One hundred and sixty patients with profuse sweating after tumor chemotherapy were randomly divided into a control group（n=80） and a treatment group（n=80）.Placebo application was carried out in the control group,and traditional Chinese medicine application was conducted in the treatment group.Treatment for 7 days was considered as 1 course of treatment.Results In treatment group,48 patients were cured,improvement was found in25 cases,and ineffectiveness was seen in 7 cases.For the patients with lungwei insecurity syndrome,19 cases were cured,improvement was found in10 cases,and ineffectiveness was seen in 1 case;for the patients with deficiency of both qi and yin,27 cases were cured,improvement was found in 9 cases,and ineffectiveness was seen in 2 cases;for the patients with vigorous fire due to yin deficiency,3 cases were cured,improvement was found in5 cases,and ineffectiveness was seen in 4 cases.According to statistical analysis,the total efficacy of treatment group was superior to that of control group（P0.05）.The efficacy on lung-wei insecurity and deficiency of both qi and yin of treatment group was superior to that of control group（both P0.05）,but there was no obvious difference between treatment group and control group in the efficacy on vigorous fire due to yin deficiency（P0.05）.Conclusion Supplemented Galla Chinensis Powder application on the navel can effectively improve the profuse sweating syndrome of patients in the types of lung-wei insecurity and deficiency of both qi and yin after tumor chemotherapy,but the efficacy is not so good for the patients in the type of vigorous fire due to yin deficiency.
基金Shanghai Municipal Education Commission, No03YQHB073
文摘Moisture and water transfer under the condition of heavy sweating are analyzed. Four different experiments are made to test moisture resistance, water-keep, wicking effect and drying ability of samples. Then gray analysis method is introduced to evaluate the comprehensive comfort of these fabrics. Result shows chemical fiber with high moisture transfer performance has advantage in water transfer and diffusion, which is suitable for human under the condition of heavy sweating. Though natural fiber can absorb moisture well, it cannot transfer fluid sweat. Therefore natural fiber fabrics such as cotton, wool are unsuitable to make functional sportswear.
文摘A new type of sweating manikin system has been developed to evaluate thermal insulation and moisture evaporative resistance of clothing, which is reliable, easy control and low cost. In this paper the manikin system was reported and discussed from the aspects of system construction, work principles, figure formation, simulated sweating system, and technical properties.
文摘Introduction: Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome (MGJWS) is a rare congenital disorder belonging to the synkinetic eye movement group of disorders observed in children. It occurrence in adults and patients with diabetes has not been reported. Material and Methods: A 64 year man with poorly controlled diabetes of 18 years presented with 3 month history of jaw winking on the left side along with gustatory sweating, which was managed conservatively. There was spontaneous improvement in jaw wink at 4 months of follow up. Conclusions: Acquired causes of MGJWS are not known. This is probably the first report of this syndrome occurring at such a late age. Long standing poorly controlled diabetes may have had some role in the development of jaw winking in this patient.
文摘We sought to examine the relationship between BMI, sweat rate (SR) and sweat volume (SV) in pre-, peri- and postmenopausal women during a moderate exercise. Based on their ages and menstrual cycle history, thirty healthy women were divided into three groups: pre- (22.5 ± 0.8 yrs, n = 10), peri- (46.5 ± 1.1 yrs, n = 10) and post- (52.2 ± 0.9 yrs, n = 10). Participants underwent a 15- minute walk on a treadmill at a constant speed of 4.2 km/h at 27°C. Sweat was collected and measured with a suction apparatus around a confined area of 120 cm2 outlined on the skin of the face and neck of the participants during the exercise. SR and BMI were determined using the formulae: and ? , respectively. The older women had a significantly higher BMI: pre-, peri- and post- (23.7 ± 1.3 kg/m2 vs 28.0 ± 1.2 kg/m2 vs 28.4 ± 0.7) (p there was no significant difference in SV (1.3 ± 0.4 ml vs 1.7 ± 0.2 ml vs 0.9 ± 0.1 ml) between the groups, the peri-women showed a significantly higher SR (0.07 ± 0.02 ml/min vs 0.12 ± 0.01 ml/min vs 0.06 ± 0.01 ml/min) (p < 0.05). A significant and positive correlation existed between BMI and SR (p < 0.05);SV (p < 0.01). Our findings support the conclusions that increased menopausal sweating is associated with weight gain/increased BMI especially during the perimenopausal transition period.
文摘In this paper, the dynamic analysis of mental sweating for sound stimulus of a few tens of eccrine sweat glands is performed by the time-sequential piled-up en-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images with the frame spacing of 3.3 sec. In the experiment, the amount of excess sweat can be evaluated simultaneously for a few tens of sweat glands by piling up of all the en-face OCT images. Strong non-uniformity is observed in mental sweating where the amount of sweat in response to sound stimulus is different for each sweat gland. Furthermore, the amount of sweat is significantly increased in proportion to the strength of the stimulus.
基金Shanglin Gao national famous traditional Chinese medicine inheritance studio construction project of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Department of Human Education,State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine[2011]No.41)Key research and development projects of Shaanxi Province in 2020(2020SF-276)Science and technology project of Xi’an Health Bureau(J201902018).
文摘The objective of this paper is to outline Chief Physician Defen Wang’s clinical experience in perimenopausal sweating syndrome differentiation and treatment,to inherit Mr.Gao’s academic concept of mediation technique,and to integrate multiple prescriptions under Mr.Gao’s thinking.The deficiency is based on the deficiency of liver and kidney Yin,the weakness of spleen and stomach,and the standard is the imbalance of Ying and Wei,the imbalance of Qi,blood and body fluid,and the main method of treatment is nourishing liver and kidney,soothing liver and invigorating spleen,regulating Ying and Wei,as well as tonifying Qi and absorbing fluid.
文摘Background Compensatory sweating （CS） is one of the most common postoperative complications after thoracic sympathectomy, sympathicotomy or endoscopic sympathetic block （ESB） for palmar hyperhidrosis. This study was conducted to examine the relevance between CS and the sympathetic segment being transected in the surgical treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis, and thus to detect the potential mechanism of the occurrence of CS. Methods Between October 2004 and June 2006, 163 patients with primary hyperhidrosis were randomly divided into two groups, T3 sympathicotomy （78 patients） and T4 sympathicotomy（85）, who were operated upon under general anesthesia via single lumen intubation and intercostal video-mediastinoscopy （VM）. Results No morbidity or mortality occurred. Palmar hyperhidrosis was cured in all patients. Follow-up（mean （13.8i-6.2） months） showed no recurrence of palmar hyperhidrosis. The difference of rates of mild CS in groups T3 and T4 was of no statistical significance. The rate of moderate CS was significantly lower in group T4 than in group T3. No severe CS occurred. Conclusion The rates of occurrence and severity of CS are lowered with the lower sympathetic chain being transected.
文摘Background Video-assisted thoracic sympathetic block is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive method for treatment of primary hyperhidrosis. The purpose of this study was to decide which one of using electrocautery hook and titanium clip is the appropriate procedure for primary palmar hyperhidrosis by assessing the compensatory sweating （CS） and quality of life （QOL） of patients after sympathetic block. Methods Between October 2007 to August 2010, 120 patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis were randomly divided into two groups, electrocautery hook group （60 patients） and titanium clip group （60 patients）. All patients were treated by sympathetic block at T4 level. The CS was graded based on severity and location; the QOL was classified to 5 different levels based upon the summed total scores （range from 20 to 100） before and after surgery. The variables were compared. Results The postoperative follow-up period was 2 months. All patients were cured. Three patients in electrocautery hook group and 1 patient in titanium clip group had a unilateral pneumothorax on chest X-ray, but none of them was necessary to have chest drainage. Neither perioperative mortality nor serious complications such as cardiac arrhythmia or arrest were observed during the operation. No bradycardia or Horner＇s syndrome occured. CS was not more common in patients in titanium clip group than in those in electrocautery hook group （P=0.001）. Moderate and severe CS was few in all patients, and there was no significant difference between two groups （P=0.193）. Most of the patients feel a notable improvement of the the QOL; nevertheless, there was no significant difference between the groups （P=0.588）. Conclusions Both electrocautery hook and titanium clip used for sympathetic block at the T4 level are effective, safe, and minimally invasive for palmar hyperhidrosis. Because of the lower severity of CS and the similar improvements in the QOL after operation, we prefer to use of titanium clip for treating palmar hyperhidrosis.
文摘In the dim light of Studio A at the Jack Doyle Athletics and Recreation Centre,the air is thick with sweat and the sounds of focused concentrated effort.The rhythmic pounding of gloves hitting bags and the steady bounce of jump ropes fill the room.This is my hideaway—a place where every strike and kick is a conversation with myself.
文摘Diabetes mellitus represents a major global health issue,driving the need for noninvasive alternatives to traditional blood glucose monitoring methods.Recent advancements in wearable technology have introduced skin-interfaced biosensors capable of analyzing sweat and skin biomarkers,providing innovative solutions for diabetes diagnosis and monitoring.This review comprehensively discusses the current developments in noninvasive wearable biosensors,emphasizing simultaneous detection of biochemical biomarkers(such as glucose,cortisol,lactate,branched-chain amino acids,and cytokines)and physiological signals(including heart rate,blood pressure,and sweat rate)for accurate,personalized diabetes management.We explore innovations in multimodal sensor design,materials science,biorecognition elements,and integration techniques,highlighting the importance of advanced data analytics,artificial intelligence-driven predictive algorithms,and closed-loop therapeutic systems.Additionally,the review addresses ongoing challenges in biomarker validation,sensor stability,user compliance,data privacy,and regulatory considerations.A holistic,multimodal approach enabled by these next-generation wearable biosensors holds significant potential for improving patient outcomes and facilitating proactive healthcare interventions in diabetes management.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U21A2094)CASHIPS Director's Fund(Grant Nos.YZJJZX202015,YZJJ202304-CX,and YZJJ2023QN36)the Anhui Province Postdoctoral Researcher Research Project(Grant No.E24F0D27)。
文摘In hot environments,the human body shows an efficient capability to maintain a stable temperature by benefiting from sweating behavior.Inspired by this skin perspiration strategy,in this study,we demonstrated an innovative polyimide foam(PIF)-based mimetic skin with excellent cooling capability by integrating a silver coating and reusable hydrogel for the first time.Because of the hybrid thermal dissipating system,the successive silver coating quickly transferred heat to the inside of the polyacrylamide hydrogel.Meanwhile,the hydrogel absorbed a large amount of heat due to its large enthalpy and effectively dissipated heat to the environment through the evaporation of moisture,similar to the sweating of skin.Thus,the temperature of the skin-like film was reduced by 25.4℃compared with pure PIF under a high-power laser heating source.Identical and remarkable cooling effects were also obtained in mobile phone and battery applications,far better than commercially available thermally conductive polyimide(PI).This outstanding performance paves a new way for the thermal management application of PI in wearable electronics,microprocessors,and flexible electronics.
基金supported by the Science Fund for National Defense Distinguished Young Scholars(2022-JCJQ-ZQ-016)the Key Basic Research Projects of the Foundation Strengthening Plan(2022-JCJQZD-096-00)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1104604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000969)the Key Support Program for Growth Factor Research(SZYZ-TR-03).
文摘Dear Editor,Three dimensional(3D)bioprinted extracellular matrix(ECM)can be used to provide both biochemical and biophysical cues to direct mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)differentiation,and then differentiated cells were isolated for implantation in vivo using surgical procedures.However,the reduced cell activity after cell isolation from 3D constructs and low cell retention in injured sites limit its application[1].Methacrylated gelatin(GelMA)hydrogel has the advantage of fast crosslinking,which could resemble complex architectures of tissue construct in vivo[2].Here,we adopted a noninvasive bioprinting procedure to imitate the regenerative microenvironment that could simultaneously direct the sweat gland(SG)and vascular differentiation from MSCs and ultimately promote the replacement of glandular tissue in situ(Fig.1a).
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62174152)。
文摘Sweat loss monitoring is important for understanding the body’s thermoregulation and hydration status,as well as for comprehensive sweat analysis.Despite recent advances,developing a low-cost,scalable,and universal method for the fabrication of colorimetric microfluidics designed for sweat loss monitoring remains challenging.In this study,we propose a novel laserengraved surface roughening strategy for various flexible substrates.This process permits the construction of microchannels that show distinct structural reflectance changes before and after sweat filling.By leveraging these unique optical properties,we have developed a fully laser-engraved microfluidic device for the quantification of naked-eye sweat loss.This sweat loss sensor is capable of a volume resolution of 0.5µL and a total volume capacity of 11µL,and can be customized to meet different performance requirements.Moreover,we report the development of a crosstalk-free dual-mode sweat microfluidic system that integrates an Ag/AgCl chloride sensor and a matching wireless measurement flexible printed circuit board.This integrated system enables the real-time monitoring of colorimetric sweat loss signals and potential ion concentration signals without crosstalk.Finally,we demonstrate the potential practical use of this microfluidic sweat loss sensor and its integrated system for sports medicine via on-body studies.
基金funded by Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515011388)Guangzhou City Industrial Science&Technology Projects(No.202201010059)+2 种基金the fund from Guangxi China Tobacco Industry Co.,Ltd.(No.2022450000340057)the fund for the construction of Bengbu-SCUT Research Center for Advanced Manufacturing of Biomaterials(No.20210190)The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC1902102)。
文摘Accurate detection of uric acid(UA)is crucial for diagnosing gout,yet traditional sweat-based UA sensors continue to face challenges posed by complex and costly electrode fabrication methods,as well as weakly hydrophilic substrates.Here,we designed and developed simple,low-cost,and hydrophilic sweat UA detection sensors constructed by carbon electrodes and cellulose paper substrates.The carbon electrodes were made by carbonized polyimide films through a simple,one-step laser engraving method.Our electrodes are porous,possess a large specific surface area,and are flexible and conductive.The substrates were composed of highly hydrophilic cellulose paper that can effectively collect,store,and transport sweat.The constructed electrodes demonstrate high sensitivity of 0.4μA Lμmol^(-1)cm^(-2),wide linear range of 2–100μmol/L.In addition,our electrodes demonstrate high selectivity,excellent reproducibility,high flexibility,and outstanding stability against mechanical bending,temperature variations,and extended storage periods.Furthermore,our sensors have been proven to provide reliable results when detecting UA levels in real sweat and on real human skin.We envision that these sensors hold enormous potential for use in the prognosis,diagnosis,and treatment of gout.
文摘BACKGROUND Porocarcinoma is a rare type of skin cancer that originates from sweat gland tumors.It is an aggressive malignant skin cancer that is difficult to diagnose clinically owing to its rarity and similarity to squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).CASE SUMMARY This case involved a 92-year-old woman,a farmer by profession,presented with an exophytic and verrucous mass on her left palm that had formed 2 years prior and caused chronic pain and frequent bleeding.Initially,the patient was diagnosed with SCC using a punch biopsy;however,a repeat biopsy with addi-tional immunohistochemical tests was performed for porocarcinoma.Ultimately,the patient was diagnosed with porocarcinoma and reconstruction was planned using a full-thickness skin graft.After treatment,the range of motion of the palm was preserved,and the aesthetic outcome was favorable.At 6 mo of follow-up,the patient was satisfied with the outcome.CONCLUSION Porocarcinoma is commonly misdiagnosed as SCC;therefore,clinicians should consider porocarcinomas when evaluating mass-like lesions on the hands.
文摘BACKGROUND Eccrine porocarcinoma(EPC)is a rare skin tumor that mainly affects the elderly population.Tumors often present with slow growth and a good prognosis.EPCs are usually distinguished from other skin tumors using histopathology and immunohistochemistry.However,surgical management alone may be inadequate if the tumor has metastasized.However,currently,surgical resection is the most commonly used treatment modality.CASE SUMMARY A seventy-four-year-old woman presented with a slow-growing nodule in her left temporal area,with no obvious itching or pain,for more than four months.Histopathological examination showed small columnar and short spindle-shaped cells;thus,basal cell carcinoma was suspected.However,immunohistochemical analysis revealed the expression of cytokeratin 5/6,p63 protein,p16 protein,and Ki-67 antigen(40%),and EPC was taken into consideration.The skin biopsy was repeated,and hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed ductal differentiation in some cells.Finally,the patient was diagnosed with EPC,and Mohs micrographic surgery was performed.We adapted follow-up visits in a year and not found any recurrence of nodules.CONCLUSION This case report emphasizes the diagnosis and differentiation of EPC.
基金supported by the JSPS fellowship to M.K.M(Grant Number P20039)support from JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project(JPMJER2003)+1 种基金the funding from the Queensland government through the Advance Queensland Fellowship Program(AQIRF043-2020-CV)supported by the National Health and Medical Research Council(NHMRC,1195451).
文摘Sweat contains numerous vital biomarkers such as metabolites,electrolytes,proteins,nucleic acids and antigens that reflect hydration status,exhaustion,nutrition,and physiological changes.Conventional healthcare diagnosis relies on disease diagnostics in sophisticated centralized laboratories with invasive sample collection(e.g.,chemical analyses,plasma separation via centrifugation,tissue biopsy,etc.).Cutting-edge point-of-care diagnostics for sweat biomarker analysis allow for non-invasive monitoring of physiologically related biomarkers in sweat and real-time health status tracking.Moreover,using advanced nanoarchitectures,including nanostructured platforms and nanoparticles,can enhance the specificity,sensitivity,wearability and widen the sensing modality of sweat biosensors.Herein,we comprehensively review the secretory mechanisms,clinical uses of sweat biomarkers,and the design,principle,and latest technologies of sweat biosensors.With an emphasis on cutting-edge technologies for sweat biomarker analysis,this review chronicles the issues associated with the current sweat biomarkers analysis of sweat biomarkers and provides insights into strategies for enhancing the translation of such biosensors into routine clinical practice.
