The illustrations for Tibetan sutras are coloured in two ways:in black and white or colours-the monotone illustrations accompanying Tibetan characters and usually engraved on woodblocks.The illustrations are often sho...The illustrations for Tibetan sutras are coloured in two ways:in black and white or colours-the monotone illustrations accompanying Tibetan characters and usually engraved on woodblocks.The illustrations are often showed on the cover pages or two sides of the head pages of sutras; they are frequently displayed at two frames and in the middle of end pages.In this paper,I am going to introduce展开更多
The Kanmuryojukyo(“The Meditation on the Buddha of Infinite Life Sutra”)is among the three principle canons of Pure Land Buddhism(Jpn.Jodo Shu and Jodo Shinshu)along with Amitayus Sutra and the Amitabha Sutra.Althou...The Kanmuryojukyo(“The Meditation on the Buddha of Infinite Life Sutra”)is among the three principle canons of Pure Land Buddhism(Jpn.Jodo Shu and Jodo Shinshu)along with Amitayus Sutra and the Amitabha Sutra.Although the original Sanskrit text was never found,it was translated into Chinese by a monk named Kalayasas in the 5th century and became an influential text in Mahayana Buddhism in East Asia with the help of commentaries written by notable Chinese scholars,such as Shandao in the 7th century.The sutra contains the story of Queen Vaidehi who is imprisoned by her murderous son Ajatasattu and visited by Shakyamuni Buddha in response to her prayer to be born in Amitabha’s pure land.Though in prison,the Buddha tells her how to be liberated and reborn in the pure land by meditating sixteen visualizations.展开更多
Novel high speed energy efficient square root architecture has been reported in this paper. In this architecture, we have blended ancient Indian Vedic mathematics and Bakhshali mathematics to achieve a significant amo...Novel high speed energy efficient square root architecture has been reported in this paper. In this architecture, we have blended ancient Indian Vedic mathematics and Bakhshali mathematics to achieve a significant amount of accuracy in performing the square root operation. Basically, Vedic Duplex method and iterative division method reported in Bakhshali Manuscript have been utilized for that computation. The proposed technique has been compared with the well known Newton-Raphson’s (N-R) technique for square root computation. The algorithm has been implemented and tested using Modelsim simulator, and performance parameters such as the number of lookup tables, propagation delay and power consumption have been estimated using Xilinx ISE simulator. The functionality of the circuitry has been checked using Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA board.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to explore three main rhetorical devices employed by the The Sutra of Hui Neng in terms of metaphor,pun,and parody.The Sutra of Hui Neng records the zen thoughts rather than the language.I...The purpose of this paper is to explore three main rhetorical devices employed by the The Sutra of Hui Neng in terms of metaphor,pun,and parody.The Sutra of Hui Neng records the zen thoughts rather than the language.In the process of explaining the sutra,Hui Neng applied rhetorical devices in a flexible way to make the disciples fully comprehend the zen thoughts,so that Buddhist sutra can be vividly and fully expressed through language.展开更多
Buddhist parable plays an important role as a medium and bridge in Buddhist education.In order to elaborate different theoretical themes,each Buddhist sutra also presents diversified characteristics in the application...Buddhist parable plays an important role as a medium and bridge in Buddhist education.In order to elaborate different theoretical themes,each Buddhist sutra also presents diversified characteristics in the application of parables,so that different classical parables naturally have their own characteristics.The study analyzes the similarities and differences of Buddhist parable between The Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment and The Lotus Sutra after introducing the two classic sutra and respective parable characteristics.展开更多
This paper introduces the unpublished copy of a Tangut script Garland Sutra华严经(or Flower Ornament Sutra) volume/juan 41第四十一卷stored at the C.V.Starr East Asian Library at the University of California,Berkeley.I...This paper introduces the unpublished copy of a Tangut script Garland Sutra华严经(or Flower Ornament Sutra) volume/juan 41第四十一卷stored at the C.V.Starr East Asian Library at the University of California,Berkeley.It reinforces the assessment of this manuscript as a modern forgery.Through comparing various physical features of the same volume stored in other countries,and the history of their acquisition,this paper traces the lithographic reproduction of this volume to the early twentieth century and its later circulation.This research also compares the Berkeley copy with the Princeton copy of volume 77 which is the other only known Tangut Garland Sutra in America.The fundamental difference between the two copies prove that the former was a modern forgery but the latter a Yuan period product of movable type wooden block print.展开更多
Vedic mathematics is the system of mathematics followed in ancient Indian and it is applied in various mathematical branches. The word “Vedic” represents the storehouse of all knowledge. Because using Vedic Mathemat...Vedic mathematics is the system of mathematics followed in ancient Indian and it is applied in various mathematical branches. The word “Vedic” represents the storehouse of all knowledge. Because using Vedic Mathematics, the arithmetical problems are solved easily. The mathematical algorithms are formed from 16 sutras and 13 up-sutras. But there are some limitations in each sutra. Here, two sutras Nikhilam sutra and Karatsuba algorithm are considered. In this research paper, a novel algorithm for binary multiplication based on Vedic mathematics is designed using bit reduction technique. Though Nikhilam sutra is used for multiplication, it is not used in all applications. Because it is special in multiplication. The remainder is derived from this sutra by reducing the remainder bit size to N-2 bit. Here, the number of bits of the remainder is constantly maintained as N-2 bits. By using Karatsuba algorithm, the overall structure of the multiplier is designed. Unlike the conventional Karatsuba algorithm, the proposed algorithm requires only one multiplier with N-2 bits only. The speed of the proposed algorithm is improved with balancing the area and the power. Even though there is a deviation in lower order bits, this method shows larger difference in higher bit lengths.展开更多
This paper is designed to introduce new hybrid Vedic algorithm to increase the speed of the multiplier. This work combines the principles of Nikhilam sutra and Karatsuba algorithm. Vedic Mathematics is the mathematica...This paper is designed to introduce new hybrid Vedic algorithm to increase the speed of the multiplier. This work combines the principles of Nikhilam sutra and Karatsuba algorithm. Vedic Mathematics is the mathematical system to solve the complex computations in an easier manner. There are specific sutras to perform multiplication. Nikhilam sutra is one of the sutra. But this has some limitations. To overcome the limitations, this sutra is combined with Karatsuba algorithm. High speed devices are required for high speed applications with compact size. Normally multipliers require more power for its computation. In this paper, new multiplication algorithm for the multiplication of binary numbers is proposed based on Vedic Mathematics. The novel portion in the algorithm is found to be in the calculation of remainder using complement method. The size of the remainder is always set as N - 1 bit for any combination of input. The multiplier structure is designed based on Karatsuba algorithm. Therefore, N × N bit multiplication is done by (N - 1) bit multiplication. Numerical strength reduction is done through Karatsuba algorithm. The results show that the reduction in hardware leads to reduction in the delay.展开更多
文摘The illustrations for Tibetan sutras are coloured in two ways:in black and white or colours-the monotone illustrations accompanying Tibetan characters and usually engraved on woodblocks.The illustrations are often showed on the cover pages or two sides of the head pages of sutras; they are frequently displayed at two frames and in the middle of end pages.In this paper,I am going to introduce
文摘The Kanmuryojukyo(“The Meditation on the Buddha of Infinite Life Sutra”)is among the three principle canons of Pure Land Buddhism(Jpn.Jodo Shu and Jodo Shinshu)along with Amitayus Sutra and the Amitabha Sutra.Although the original Sanskrit text was never found,it was translated into Chinese by a monk named Kalayasas in the 5th century and became an influential text in Mahayana Buddhism in East Asia with the help of commentaries written by notable Chinese scholars,such as Shandao in the 7th century.The sutra contains the story of Queen Vaidehi who is imprisoned by her murderous son Ajatasattu and visited by Shakyamuni Buddha in response to her prayer to be born in Amitabha’s pure land.Though in prison,the Buddha tells her how to be liberated and reborn in the pure land by meditating sixteen visualizations.
文摘Novel high speed energy efficient square root architecture has been reported in this paper. In this architecture, we have blended ancient Indian Vedic mathematics and Bakhshali mathematics to achieve a significant amount of accuracy in performing the square root operation. Basically, Vedic Duplex method and iterative division method reported in Bakhshali Manuscript have been utilized for that computation. The proposed technique has been compared with the well known Newton-Raphson’s (N-R) technique for square root computation. The algorithm has been implemented and tested using Modelsim simulator, and performance parameters such as the number of lookup tables, propagation delay and power consumption have been estimated using Xilinx ISE simulator. The functionality of the circuitry has been checked using Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA board.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to explore three main rhetorical devices employed by the The Sutra of Hui Neng in terms of metaphor,pun,and parody.The Sutra of Hui Neng records the zen thoughts rather than the language.In the process of explaining the sutra,Hui Neng applied rhetorical devices in a flexible way to make the disciples fully comprehend the zen thoughts,so that Buddhist sutra can be vividly and fully expressed through language.
文摘Buddhist parable plays an important role as a medium and bridge in Buddhist education.In order to elaborate different theoretical themes,each Buddhist sutra also presents diversified characteristics in the application of parables,so that different classical parables naturally have their own characteristics.The study analyzes the similarities and differences of Buddhist parable between The Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment and The Lotus Sutra after introducing the two classic sutra and respective parable characteristics.
文摘This paper introduces the unpublished copy of a Tangut script Garland Sutra华严经(or Flower Ornament Sutra) volume/juan 41第四十一卷stored at the C.V.Starr East Asian Library at the University of California,Berkeley.It reinforces the assessment of this manuscript as a modern forgery.Through comparing various physical features of the same volume stored in other countries,and the history of their acquisition,this paper traces the lithographic reproduction of this volume to the early twentieth century and its later circulation.This research also compares the Berkeley copy with the Princeton copy of volume 77 which is the other only known Tangut Garland Sutra in America.The fundamental difference between the two copies prove that the former was a modern forgery but the latter a Yuan period product of movable type wooden block print.
文摘Vedic mathematics is the system of mathematics followed in ancient Indian and it is applied in various mathematical branches. The word “Vedic” represents the storehouse of all knowledge. Because using Vedic Mathematics, the arithmetical problems are solved easily. The mathematical algorithms are formed from 16 sutras and 13 up-sutras. But there are some limitations in each sutra. Here, two sutras Nikhilam sutra and Karatsuba algorithm are considered. In this research paper, a novel algorithm for binary multiplication based on Vedic mathematics is designed using bit reduction technique. Though Nikhilam sutra is used for multiplication, it is not used in all applications. Because it is special in multiplication. The remainder is derived from this sutra by reducing the remainder bit size to N-2 bit. Here, the number of bits of the remainder is constantly maintained as N-2 bits. By using Karatsuba algorithm, the overall structure of the multiplier is designed. Unlike the conventional Karatsuba algorithm, the proposed algorithm requires only one multiplier with N-2 bits only. The speed of the proposed algorithm is improved with balancing the area and the power. Even though there is a deviation in lower order bits, this method shows larger difference in higher bit lengths.
文摘This paper is designed to introduce new hybrid Vedic algorithm to increase the speed of the multiplier. This work combines the principles of Nikhilam sutra and Karatsuba algorithm. Vedic Mathematics is the mathematical system to solve the complex computations in an easier manner. There are specific sutras to perform multiplication. Nikhilam sutra is one of the sutra. But this has some limitations. To overcome the limitations, this sutra is combined with Karatsuba algorithm. High speed devices are required for high speed applications with compact size. Normally multipliers require more power for its computation. In this paper, new multiplication algorithm for the multiplication of binary numbers is proposed based on Vedic Mathematics. The novel portion in the algorithm is found to be in the calculation of remainder using complement method. The size of the remainder is always set as N - 1 bit for any combination of input. The multiplier structure is designed based on Karatsuba algorithm. Therefore, N × N bit multiplication is done by (N - 1) bit multiplication. Numerical strength reduction is done through Karatsuba algorithm. The results show that the reduction in hardware leads to reduction in the delay.
