With the rapid development of information technology,Artificial Intelligence(AI)is gradually applied to a wide range of fields,especially the powerful ability of ChatGPT to bring infinite possibilities for education,b...With the rapid development of information technology,Artificial Intelligence(AI)is gradually applied to a wide range of fields,especially the powerful ability of ChatGPT to bring infinite possibilities for education,but teachers’attitudes toward using it are not yet clear.The study investigates the use of ChatGPT by kindergarten teachers to support instructional design using questionnaires and interviews to explore the attitudes and perceptions of kindergarten teachers toward its use.The results indicate that kindergarten teachers hold positive preferences for technology acceptance,perceived self-efficacy,and learning attitudes toward using ChatGPT for instructional design.Meanwhile,the study argues that more research is needed in the future to focus on how kindergarten teachers can aptly use ChatGPT to improve the quality of instruction in realistic instructionenvironments.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as exp...BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the health service demands and to analyze influencing factors among elderly people based on a community survey in Guilin,China.Methods:A random sampling was used to investigate 366 elderly peo...Objective:To investigate the health service demands and to analyze influencing factors among elderly people based on a community survey in Guilin,China.Methods:A random sampling was used to investigate 366 elderly people in a community using a Health-Care-Needs questionnaire,which was designed by The Western Nursing Alliance research team in China.This survey was used to understand the basic situation,financial condition,health condition,self-care abilities,pension plan,and care services demands of the elderly residing at home.Additionally,this article analyzed the influencing factors contributing to the obtained results.Results:The top 3 nursing needs were security needs(1.61±0.45 points),health education needs(1.54±0.57 points),and respect and self-development needs(1.13±0.64 points).Logistic multifactor regression analysis showed that gender,monthly income,lack of exercise,activities of daily living(ADL)scores,methods of medical payment,and pension plan were independent factors affecting elderly nursing needs.Conclusions:The home-based health services supply for elders did not meet their needs.Therefore,a comprehensive approach considering multifactors such as gender,income,exercise,self-care ability,medical expense payments,and supporting preferences should be considered to address the complex needs of health care.展开更多
By the end of 1997, totally ten 300 MW grade W-flame double arch boilers, firing anthracite or meager coal, were operating in China. These W-flame boilers were designed and supplied separately by four different manufa...By the end of 1997, totally ten 300 MW grade W-flame double arch boilers, firing anthracite or meager coal, were operating in China. These W-flame boilers were designed and supplied separately by four different manufacturers in the world, using either their own technology or foreign patent. It is shown by a recent survey that all these boilers are having a normal operation. However, there is still some room to be improved, such as boiler furnace configuration. Also, for raising the burnout rate and avoiding local slagging, furnace volume and burner layout need to be deliberated. And the tineness of pulverized coal and the air / coal ratio need to be improved. Some suggestions are made in this paper for optimizing the boiler design, Test data for the minimum stable combustion load and NOx emission are given too.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the medical outcome study human immunodeficiency virus(MOS-HIV)health survey among people living with HIV or acquired immune deficiency synd...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the medical outcome study human immunodeficiency virus(MOS-HIV)health survey among people living with HIV or acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) in Iran is our main goal in this study.METHODS: The MOS-HIV questionnaire was translated into Persian using backward translation and the Persian version was filled by 100 HIV infected patients. Reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total questionnaire and for each dimension. Convergent, discriminant and construct validity were performed. Comparisons were performed between the subscales of the questionnaire in Iran and some other countries with t-test.RESULTS: The overall Cronbach's alpha in this study was 0.90 and the range of this coefficient was from 0.71 to 0.86 across the subscales with two exceptions, general health perception and role functioning, which were at 0.65 and 0.61. Convergent and discriminant validity were excellent in all domains. The two factor confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit based on standardized estimates of factor loading, incremental and absolute fit indices.CONCLUSION: The Persian version of the MOS-HIV had good reliability and validity in measuring health related quality of life in people living with HIV in Iran. Furthermore, quality of life for HIV infected patients was very low in comparing with the people in some other countries.展开更多
Survey studies have consistently shown strong public support for biodiversity conservation,even though conservation regulations often face strong local resistance when they are implemented.This seemingly contradictory...Survey studies have consistently shown strong public support for biodiversity conservation,even though conservation regulations often face strong local resistance when they are implemented.This seemingly contradictory phenomenon is due to the fact that previous polls have sought opinion only in the abstract,yet many conservation measures are implemented at the expense of local economic development,and policymakers often face a‘Conservation-Development Tradeoff’-a policy dilemma that remains understudied by social scientists.To fill this gap,this study conducts one of the first comparative surveys on public support for biodiversity conservation in China and the United States.I measure public support for conservation using two separate question versions online.The‘regular version’asks directly about individual support for biodiversity conservation,and the“tradeoff version”asks the same question but in the context of the policy tradeoff.The results show that both American and Chinese citizens are highly supportive of conservation in the abstract.But after they learn about the tradeoff effect,the aggregate support falls sharply,and the Chinese citizens show significantly less support compared to their American counterparts.The survey findings expanded on existing academic research on public attitudes toward conservation policies and can encourage future conservation policymakers to understand the significance of the tradeoff issue,as conventional wisdom may have overestimated public support for biodiversity conservation.Moreover,as China has become a crucial player in global conservation governance,understanding the Chinese public sentiment on the real-world policy dilemma can have important implications for conservation policymaking in the world.展开更多
Objectives:The study aims to focus on the ergonomic risks on mental agony and musculoskeletal pain(MSP)as well as discuss the potential solutions for minimizing the negative consequences of occupational risks among Th...Objectives:The study aims to focus on the ergonomic risks on mental agony and musculoskeletal pain(MSP)as well as discuss the potential solutions for minimizing the negative consequences of occupational risks among Thai informal workers.Methods:The analysis sample comprised of 805 informal workers in Thailand.Research instruments were consisted of an interview questionnaire and the ergonomic checklist.Results:MSP location was highest distributed to upper back(86.8%).Only 11.2%and 2.9%of the participants had no sign of anxiety and burnout.Poor work methods were identified as the most frequently exposed ergonomic risk.Burnout,anxiety,and workstation design were the significant risks impacting the severity of MSP.Physical environmental was the significant risk for anxiety,while physical environment and work methods were the significant risks for burnout.Conclusions:Interdisciplinary assessments and multi-level/sector approaches should be taken into account in planning the community health services for preventing occupational risks and MSP.展开更多
Background:Despite trabeculectomy having long been considered the gold standard surgery for treating severe or recalcitrant glaucoma,the popularity of this operation among glaucoma specialists has gradually declined i...Background:Despite trabeculectomy having long been considered the gold standard surgery for treating severe or recalcitrant glaucoma,the popularity of this operation among glaucoma specialists has gradually declined in recent decades with a concurrent rise in alternative intraocular pressure(IOP)-lowering procedures being performed.Purpose:This pilot study investigates how experiences of recently graduated glaucoma specialists during training might have influenced their choice to either perform trabeculectomy or favor alternative procedures in their current practice.Methods:An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to American Glaucoma Society members who completed fellowship training between 2018 and 2022.Questionnaire items assessed respondents'experiences in residency and fellowship training as well as their current practice as attendings regarding four procedures:trabeculectomy,tube-shunt,XEN Gel Stent,and ab-interno angle procedures.Results:Of 66 total respondents,64(97.0%)reported feeling somewhat or entirely comfortable performing trabeculectomy following training.However,42(63.6%)said they do not often perform trabeculectomy,whereas 13(19.7%)reported that they do.Those who reported performing trabeculectomy often(N=13)were influenced by the surgery's high success rates(92.3%),preoperative(76.9%)and intraoperative(84.6%)processes,and low postoperative complications(61.5%).Those who reported not performing trabeculectomy often(N=42)were most discouraged by the postoperative process of trabeculectomy,as well as socioeconomic(66.7%)and sociocultural(52.4%)characteristics of their patients.Factors such as volume performed during training(47.6%),cost-effectiveness(19.0%),and reimbursement rates(19.0%)were not considerable contributors.Conclusions:While most young glaucoma specialists in our study report being comfortable performing trabeculectomy,the majority stated that they do not often perform the procedure in practice.Low trabeculectomy surgical volume during training was not cited as a notable barrier,whereas patient factors and preference for alternative procedures,depending on the clinical scenario,appeared to drive this trend.展开更多
With the constant and ever-growing pressure from governing bodies for increased sustainability of transportation systems,the need for changes in the travel behaviours of the inhabitants of suburban and urban areas see...With the constant and ever-growing pressure from governing bodies for increased sustainability of transportation systems,the need for changes in the travel behaviours of the inhabitants of suburban and urban areas seems inevitable.Thus a shift from cars to vehicles with higher occupancy rates or other more environmental friendly travel modes needs to be a priority.This requires understanding the reasons why people choose cars as their preferred mode of travel for commutes in order to make informed decisions about how to encourage changes in commuter travel behaviors.This paper presents a case study of four mediumsized Czech towns,including a survey concerning pre-and post-COVID-19 travel habits focused on identifying and understanding the willingness of car-dependent commuters to change their mode of travel choice.This three-stage survey revealed a small,COVID pandemia-based effect on the habits of respondents and helped to identify sensitivities survey participants had to particular travel parameters and characteristics that might be used by municipalities to implement informed policies that could lead to changes in travel behaviours.展开更多
基金supported by Major Cultivating Projects of Leading Talents in Philosophy and Social Sciences of Zhejiang Province“Aiming for Common Prosperity:Improvement and Evaluation of Professional Competence of Teachers of Early Childhood Institutions Driven by Multimodal Data Fusion”(23YJRC13ZD-3YB).
文摘With the rapid development of information technology,Artificial Intelligence(AI)is gradually applied to a wide range of fields,especially the powerful ability of ChatGPT to bring infinite possibilities for education,but teachers’attitudes toward using it are not yet clear.The study investigates the use of ChatGPT by kindergarten teachers to support instructional design using questionnaires and interviews to explore the attitudes and perceptions of kindergarten teachers toward its use.The results indicate that kindergarten teachers hold positive preferences for technology acceptance,perceived self-efficacy,and learning attitudes toward using ChatGPT for instructional design.Meanwhile,the study argues that more research is needed in the future to focus on how kindergarten teachers can aptly use ChatGPT to improve the quality of instruction in realistic instructionenvironments.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal endoscopy technology has significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy and the successful treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.However,a series of ethical issues have emerged,such as expanding treatment indications,which affect the fair distribution of medical resources.There is limited research on ethical issues in the field of digestive endoscopy.AIM To investigate the level of ethical awareness among gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners and analyze the ethical issues involved in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology.METHODS A questionnaire survey was performed to collect relevant data(gender,age,degree of education,professional title,personnel category,the level of understanding medical ethical principles,ethics training and its learning pathways)from gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners at the Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University and Dalian Friendship Hospital,including licensed physicians and nurses(including trainees and graduate students).RESULTS The majority of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners have received training on ethics,but there is still considerable room for improvement in their ethical awareness.Different learning pathways may affect the mastery of ethical principles, and understanding of ethical principles is more easily achieved through hospital ethics institutions.CONCLUSIONTo address the ethical issues in gastrointestinal endoscopy technology, it is necessary to enhance the humanisticeducation of gastrointestinal endoscopy practitioners, incorporate ethical standards into the technology assessmentprocess, and establish a patient-centered diagnostic and treatment model to improve the ethical awareness of practitionersand achieve a balance between technology and ethics.
基金supported by The Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Health and Family Planning Commission Foundation of China(No.Z20180913)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the health service demands and to analyze influencing factors among elderly people based on a community survey in Guilin,China.Methods:A random sampling was used to investigate 366 elderly people in a community using a Health-Care-Needs questionnaire,which was designed by The Western Nursing Alliance research team in China.This survey was used to understand the basic situation,financial condition,health condition,self-care abilities,pension plan,and care services demands of the elderly residing at home.Additionally,this article analyzed the influencing factors contributing to the obtained results.Results:The top 3 nursing needs were security needs(1.61±0.45 points),health education needs(1.54±0.57 points),and respect and self-development needs(1.13±0.64 points).Logistic multifactor regression analysis showed that gender,monthly income,lack of exercise,activities of daily living(ADL)scores,methods of medical payment,and pension plan were independent factors affecting elderly nursing needs.Conclusions:The home-based health services supply for elders did not meet their needs.Therefore,a comprehensive approach considering multifactors such as gender,income,exercise,self-care ability,medical expense payments,and supporting preferences should be considered to address the complex needs of health care.
文摘By the end of 1997, totally ten 300 MW grade W-flame double arch boilers, firing anthracite or meager coal, were operating in China. These W-flame boilers were designed and supplied separately by four different manufacturers in the world, using either their own technology or foreign patent. It is shown by a recent survey that all these boilers are having a normal operation. However, there is still some room to be improved, such as boiler furnace configuration. Also, for raising the burnout rate and avoiding local slagging, furnace volume and burner layout need to be deliberated. And the tineness of pulverized coal and the air / coal ratio need to be improved. Some suggestions are made in this paper for optimizing the boiler design, Test data for the minimum stable combustion load and NOx emission are given too.
基金Supported by the grant from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Research Council(No.88-4665)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the medical outcome study human immunodeficiency virus(MOS-HIV)health survey among people living with HIV or acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) in Iran is our main goal in this study.METHODS: The MOS-HIV questionnaire was translated into Persian using backward translation and the Persian version was filled by 100 HIV infected patients. Reliability of the questionnaire was estimated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total questionnaire and for each dimension. Convergent, discriminant and construct validity were performed. Comparisons were performed between the subscales of the questionnaire in Iran and some other countries with t-test.RESULTS: The overall Cronbach's alpha in this study was 0.90 and the range of this coefficient was from 0.71 to 0.86 across the subscales with two exceptions, general health perception and role functioning, which were at 0.65 and 0.61. Convergent and discriminant validity were excellent in all domains. The two factor confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit based on standardized estimates of factor loading, incremental and absolute fit indices.CONCLUSION: The Persian version of the MOS-HIV had good reliability and validity in measuring health related quality of life in people living with HIV in Iran. Furthermore, quality of life for HIV infected patients was very low in comparing with the people in some other countries.
文摘Survey studies have consistently shown strong public support for biodiversity conservation,even though conservation regulations often face strong local resistance when they are implemented.This seemingly contradictory phenomenon is due to the fact that previous polls have sought opinion only in the abstract,yet many conservation measures are implemented at the expense of local economic development,and policymakers often face a‘Conservation-Development Tradeoff’-a policy dilemma that remains understudied by social scientists.To fill this gap,this study conducts one of the first comparative surveys on public support for biodiversity conservation in China and the United States.I measure public support for conservation using two separate question versions online.The‘regular version’asks directly about individual support for biodiversity conservation,and the“tradeoff version”asks the same question but in the context of the policy tradeoff.The results show that both American and Chinese citizens are highly supportive of conservation in the abstract.But after they learn about the tradeoff effect,the aggregate support falls sharply,and the Chinese citizens show significantly less support compared to their American counterparts.The survey findings expanded on existing academic research on public attitudes toward conservation policies and can encourage future conservation policymakers to understand the significance of the tradeoff issue,as conventional wisdom may have overestimated public support for biodiversity conservation.Moreover,as China has become a crucial player in global conservation governance,understanding the Chinese public sentiment on the real-world policy dilemma can have important implications for conservation policymaking in the world.
文摘Objectives:The study aims to focus on the ergonomic risks on mental agony and musculoskeletal pain(MSP)as well as discuss the potential solutions for minimizing the negative consequences of occupational risks among Thai informal workers.Methods:The analysis sample comprised of 805 informal workers in Thailand.Research instruments were consisted of an interview questionnaire and the ergonomic checklist.Results:MSP location was highest distributed to upper back(86.8%).Only 11.2%and 2.9%of the participants had no sign of anxiety and burnout.Poor work methods were identified as the most frequently exposed ergonomic risk.Burnout,anxiety,and workstation design were the significant risks impacting the severity of MSP.Physical environmental was the significant risk for anxiety,while physical environment and work methods were the significant risks for burnout.Conclusions:Interdisciplinary assessments and multi-level/sector approaches should be taken into account in planning the community health services for preventing occupational risks and MSP.
文摘Background:Despite trabeculectomy having long been considered the gold standard surgery for treating severe or recalcitrant glaucoma,the popularity of this operation among glaucoma specialists has gradually declined in recent decades with a concurrent rise in alternative intraocular pressure(IOP)-lowering procedures being performed.Purpose:This pilot study investigates how experiences of recently graduated glaucoma specialists during training might have influenced their choice to either perform trabeculectomy or favor alternative procedures in their current practice.Methods:An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to American Glaucoma Society members who completed fellowship training between 2018 and 2022.Questionnaire items assessed respondents'experiences in residency and fellowship training as well as their current practice as attendings regarding four procedures:trabeculectomy,tube-shunt,XEN Gel Stent,and ab-interno angle procedures.Results:Of 66 total respondents,64(97.0%)reported feeling somewhat or entirely comfortable performing trabeculectomy following training.However,42(63.6%)said they do not often perform trabeculectomy,whereas 13(19.7%)reported that they do.Those who reported performing trabeculectomy often(N=13)were influenced by the surgery's high success rates(92.3%),preoperative(76.9%)and intraoperative(84.6%)processes,and low postoperative complications(61.5%).Those who reported not performing trabeculectomy often(N=42)were most discouraged by the postoperative process of trabeculectomy,as well as socioeconomic(66.7%)and sociocultural(52.4%)characteristics of their patients.Factors such as volume performed during training(47.6%),cost-effectiveness(19.0%),and reimbursement rates(19.0%)were not considerable contributors.Conclusions:While most young glaucoma specialists in our study report being comfortable performing trabeculectomy,the majority stated that they do not often perform the procedure in practice.Low trabeculectomy surgical volume during training was not cited as a notable barrier,whereas patient factors and preference for alternative procedures,depending on the clinical scenario,appeared to drive this trend.
基金a result of the research done in the project:“Smart City-Smart Region-Smart Community”(Project No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_048/0007435)financed by Czech Operational Programme“Research,Development and Education”for the implementation of the European Social Fund(ESF)the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF).
文摘With the constant and ever-growing pressure from governing bodies for increased sustainability of transportation systems,the need for changes in the travel behaviours of the inhabitants of suburban and urban areas seems inevitable.Thus a shift from cars to vehicles with higher occupancy rates or other more environmental friendly travel modes needs to be a priority.This requires understanding the reasons why people choose cars as their preferred mode of travel for commutes in order to make informed decisions about how to encourage changes in commuter travel behaviors.This paper presents a case study of four mediumsized Czech towns,including a survey concerning pre-and post-COVID-19 travel habits focused on identifying and understanding the willingness of car-dependent commuters to change their mode of travel choice.This three-stage survey revealed a small,COVID pandemia-based effect on the habits of respondents and helped to identify sensitivities survey participants had to particular travel parameters and characteristics that might be used by municipalities to implement informed policies that could lead to changes in travel behaviours.
