To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content ...To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content in coal)catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,followed by acid washing to remove calcium-containing minerals.Comprehensive characterization and low-temperature denitrification tests revealed that calcite-induced structural modulation of coal-derived AC significantly enhances catalytic activity.Specifically,NO conversion increased from 88.3%of Mn-Ce/De-AC to 91.7%of Mn-Ce/De-AC-1CaCO_(3)(210℃).The improved SCR denitrification activity results from the enhancement of physicochemical properties including higher Mn^(4+)content and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio,an abundance of chemisorbed oxygen and acidic sites,which could strengthen the SCR reaction pathways(richer NH_(3)activated species and bidentate nitrate active species).Therefore,NO removal is enhanced.展开更多
As a potential adsorption material,it is still a challenge for activated carbon fiber(ACF)in efficient adsorption of ethanol due to its nonpolar surface,which is mainly emitted from the grain drying industry.This stud...As a potential adsorption material,it is still a challenge for activated carbon fiber(ACF)in efficient adsorption of ethanol due to its nonpolar surface,which is mainly emitted from the grain drying industry.This study prepared surface polarity-modified ACF using the heteroatom doping method.The modified ACF possessed a richer array of strongly polar oxygen/nitrogen-containing functional groups(primarily phenolic hydroxyl and lactone groups),a larger specific surface are1,and a more developed micropore structure.The adsorption capacities of ethanol for O-ACF and N-ACF were 4.110 mmol/g and 1.698 mmol/g,respectively,which were 11.3 times and 4.7 times those of unmodified ACF.This was a significant improvement over our previous work(0.363 mmol/g).The improvement of adsorption capacity for the N-ACF was mainly due to the higher specific surface are1,greater number of micropores(more adsorption sites)and abundant existence of defects,whereas,for O-ACF,the improvement mainly relied on the abundant presence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface.However,water had a negative effect on the adsorption of ethanol for the modified ACF due to competitive adsorption and the disappearance of capillary condensation.It was further revealed that the adsorption process of ethanol and water was quite different.It obeyed the linear driving force(LDF)model for ethanol adsorption,however,the intraparticle diffusion(IPD)model for water adsorption.展开更多
The goal of this work is to improve the simultaneous removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions from synthetic wastewater in a fixed bed column by incorporating sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto the surface of activat...The goal of this work is to improve the simultaneous removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions from synthetic wastewater in a fixed bed column by incorporating sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto the surface of activated carbon made from coconut shells. The activated carbons were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). The adsorption column dynamics were studied by varying the flow rates (5, 10 and 15 mL/min), bed heights (10, 15 and 20 cm), and initial concentrations (50, 150, and 250 mg/L). The activated carbon has a pore volume of 0.715 cm3/g and a BET-specific surface area of 1410 m2/g. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant incorporation onto the surface of the activated carbon enhances its capacity for simultaneous adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ from the aqueous medium. The affinity of the heavy metals to both unmodified (AC) and modified (AC-SDS) activated carbons followed the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+. The dynamic adsorption of the column depends on the flow rate, bed height, initial metal concentration, and SDS surface modification. With a 5 mL/min flow rate, a 20 cm bed height, and a 50 mg/L initial metal concentration, a maximum break-through time of 150 minutes for the unmodified activated carbon (AC) and 180 minutes for the SDS-modified activated carbon (AC-SDS) was reached.展开更多
Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-...Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) suffers from limited visible-light absorption and low charge-carrier mobility.In this study,a phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride(5P-TCN)was synthesized via a precursor self-assembly method using phosphoric acid and melamine as raw materials,eliminating the need for organic solvents or templates.The 5P-TCN catalyst demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption,improved charge transfer capability,and a 5.25-fold increase in specific surface area(31.092 m^(2)/g),which provided abundant active sites to efficiently drive the PMS-assisted photocatalytic reaction.The 5P-TCN/vis/PMS system exhibited exceptional degradation performance for organic pollutants across a broad pH range(3–9),achieving over 92%degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB)within 15 min.Notably,the system retained>98%RhB degradation efficiency after three consecutive operational cycles,demonstrating robust operational stability and reusability.Moreover,key parameters influencing,active radi-cals,degradation pathways,and potential mechanisms for RhB degradation were systematically investigated.This work proposes a green and cost-effective strategy for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts,while demon-strating the exceptional capability of a PMS-assisted photocatalytic system for rapid degradation of RhB.展开更多
The ACF adsorbent with high Cu loading was treated with dielectric barrier discharge plasma to mitigate the negative effects of high Cu loading and enhance PH_(3)and H_(2)S adsorption and oxidation.Bruno-Emmett-Taylor...The ACF adsorbent with high Cu loading was treated with dielectric barrier discharge plasma to mitigate the negative effects of high Cu loading and enhance PH_(3)and H_(2)S adsorption and oxidation.Bruno-Emmett-Taylor(BET)result showed that the specific surface area of the adsorbent after air plasma modification was almost three times that before modification.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)findings revealed that the amino group was added to the adsorbent's surface,increasing lattice oxygen and chemisorbed oxygen.The adsorbent's large specific surface area,excellent surface active oxygen,and abundance of basic groups facilitate PH_(3)and H_(2)S adsorption and oxidation.The scanning electron microscopy showed that air plasma modification exposed more active components and uniformly dispersed them on the surface of adsorbent,thereby improving the adsorption performance.Activity evaluation results showed that the adsorbent has the best ability to capture PH_(3)and H_(2)S after being modified by air plasma at 4 kV voltage for 10 min.The adsorbent's breakthrough ability at high space velocity(WHSV:60,000 h^(−1))is 190 mg P/g and 146 mg S/g,respectively,which is 74%and 60%greater than that before modification.This is a great improvement over previous studies.In addition,the possible mechanism of adsorbent deactivation was proposed.展开更多
The use of carbon from waste biomass has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of Li-S batteries and improve their overall performance.Chrome-tanned-leather-shavings(CTLS)are a readily available waste product that ...The use of carbon from waste biomass has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of Li-S batteries and improve their overall performance.Chrome-tanned-leather-shavings(CTLS)are a readily available waste product that can be transformed into porous carbon.We prepared an ac-tivated carbon by microwave pyrolysis combined with KOH activator using the CTLS as starting materials.The carbon had a specific surface area of 556 m^(2)g^(-1) and a honeycomb-like structure.Two kinds of N-doped activated carbons were then synthesized by thermal decomposition of the activated carbon,either combined with urea,or impregnated with eth-anolamine.Both N-doped activated carbons have an in-creased number of nitrogen and amine surface groups.However,only the urea treatment was effective in improv-ing the initial capacity of the cell(1363 mAh g^(-1)),which is probably linked to the sorption of long-chain polysulfides.This investigation confirms that it is possible to use the thermal de-composition of urea to obtain carbon materials from CTLS for use as the sulfur-host cathode in Li-S batteries and improve their performance.A radial basis function neural network was fitted to provide statistical support for the experimental results,which confirmed the importance of the nitrogen content of the carbons in determining the discharge capacity of the cells.展开更多
Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)combine the high power dens-ity of electrical double-layer capacitors with the high energy density of lithium-ion batteries.However,they face practical limitations due to the narrow operati...Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)combine the high power dens-ity of electrical double-layer capacitors with the high energy density of lithium-ion batteries.However,they face practical limitations due to the narrow operating voltage window of their activated carbon(AC)cathodes.We report a scalable thermal treatment strategy to develop high-voltage-tolerant AC cathodes.Through controlled thermal treatment of commer-cial activated carbon(Raw-AC)under a H_(2)/Ar atmosphere at 400-800℃,the targeted reduction of degradation-prone functional groups can be achieved while preserving the critical pore structure and increasing graph-itic microcrystalline ordering.The AC treated at 400℃(HAC-400)had a significant increase in specific capacity(96.0 vs.75.1 mAh/g at 0.05 A/g)and better rate capability(61.1 vs.36.1 mAh/g at 5 A/g)in half-cell LICs,along with an 83.5%capacity retention over 7400 cycles within an extended voltage range of 2.0-4.2 V in full-cell LICs.Scalability was demonstrated by a 120 g batch production,enabling fabrication of pouch-type LICs with commercial hard carbon anodes that delivered a higher energy density of 28.3 Wh/kg at 1 C,and a peak power density of 12.1 kW/kg compared to devices using raw AC.This simple,industry-compatible approach may be used for producing ad-vanced cathode materials for practical high-performance LICs.展开更多
Nitrogen-doped activated carbon(N-AC)was successfully prepared by KOH-activation and nitrogen doping using ammonia(NH3)heat treatment.Coconut shell-derived activated carbon(AC)was heat-treated under NH3 gas in the tem...Nitrogen-doped activated carbon(N-AC)was successfully prepared by KOH-activation and nitrogen doping using ammonia(NH3)heat treatment.Coconut shell-derived activated carbon(AC)was heat-treated under NH3 gas in the temperature range of 700℃-900℃.Likewise,the mixture of potassium hydroxide(KOH)and AC was heated at 800℃,followed by heat treatment underNH3 gas at 800℃(hereafter referred to asKOH-N-AC800).Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method were utilized to analyze morphology,crystallinity,chemical bonding,chemical composition and surface area.The surface area and porosity of N-AC increased with increasing NH3 heat treatment.Similarly,the nitrogen content in the N-AC increased from 3.23%to 4.84 at%when the NH3 heat treatment was raised from 700℃ to 800℃.However,the nitrogen content of N-AC decreased to 3.40 at% after using NH3 heat treatment at 900℃.The nitrogen content of KOH-N-AC800 is 5.43 at%.KOH-N-AC800 and N-AC800 exhibited improvements of 33.66% and 26.24%,respectively,in CO_(2) adsorption compared with AC.The enhancement of CO_(2) adsorption of KOH-N-AC800 is attributed to the synergic effect of the nitrogen doping,high surface area,and porosity.The results exhibited that nitrogen sites on the surface play a more significant role in CO_(2) adsorption than surface area and porosity.This work proposes the potential synergistic effect of KOH-activation and nitrogen doping for enhancing the CO_(2) adsorption capacity of activated carbon.展开更多
Modified activated carbons(AS)were fabricated through the oxidation effect of ammonium persulfate and applied to the dynamic adsorption of different acrylate gas.The pore structures,surface chemical properties and sur...Modified activated carbons(AS)were fabricated through the oxidation effect of ammonium persulfate and applied to the dynamic adsorption of different acrylate gas.The pore structures,surface chemical properties and surface morphology of AS were respectively characterized by N2 adsorption,Boehm titration,X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)techniques.After modification,the specific surface area increased from 954 to 1154 m^(2)·g^(-1).The contents of oxygen-containing functional groups on the AS surface increase obviously and have a great effect on the adsorption behavior of acrylate gases.According to the results of dynamic adsorption,the adsorption capacities of acrylates are as the following order:methyl acrylate(461.9 mg·g^(-1))>methyl methacrylate(436.9 mg·g^(-1))>butyl acrylate(381.8 mg·g^(-1)),which is attributed to the size adaptability of AS pores and acrylates.The adsorption behavior of AS for acrylate gases conforms to the Bangham model and the Temkin model.展开更多
Herein,the association between the dynamic adsorption capacity of toluene and several important characteristic values on activated carbon(AC)samples was investigated by multidimensional linear regression.Among the cha...Herein,the association between the dynamic adsorption capacity of toluene and several important characteristic values on activated carbon(AC)samples was investigated by multidimensional linear regression.Among the characteristic values,the carbon tetrachloride(CTC)adsorption value has demonstrated relatively stronger correlation with the toluene adsorption capacity on AC sampleswith diverse sources and forms,particularly in exposure to high-concentration toluene.Notably,the relevance of the toluene adsorption capacity to the CTC value could also be extended to a series of other porous adsorbents,which proved the wide applicability of CTC value in characterizing the adsorption behaviors.Based on these results,a mathematical and visual model was then established to predict the toluene adsorption saturation under different conditions(inlet concentration,adsorption time,initial CTC value,etc.)on diverse AC samples,of which the accuracy has later been verified by experimental data.As such,a fast and accurate estimation of the adsorption behaviors over AC samples,and possibly other porous adsorbents,was realized.展开更多
Designing xerogels at the molecular level to overcome volume shrinkage is a promising strategy for carbon xerogels with desirable structure and performance.Here,we design a xerogel with non-shrinkage by introducing Zn...Designing xerogels at the molecular level to overcome volume shrinkage is a promising strategy for carbon xerogels with desirable structure and performance.Here,we design a xerogel with non-shrinkage by introducing ZnCl_(2) into resorcinol-melamine-formaldehyde polymerization.The gel network consisting of micrometer pores and large particles(0.26-1.35μm)is constructed by the coordination of Zn^(2+) with oxygen/nitrogen-containing groups,which is attributed to the structural support of the rigid triazine skeleton with large steric hindrance.Therefore,the reinforced gel network possesses enough strength to withstand capillary forces during atmospheric drying,and special drying and solvent exchange are avoided.The xerogels show non-shrinkage and a short preparation time of 24 h.The resulted activated carbon xerogels with interconnected hierarchically micro-meso-macropores exhibit an optimal specific surface area of 1520 m^(2)/g(through xerogels pyrolysis and the pore-forming of ZnCl_(2)),high adsorption(methylene blue,I-,Cu^(2+),etc.),and repeated adsorption ability.This work provides novel thought for porous nanomaterials with non-shrinkage and desirable structures in adsorption and energy storage.展开更多
Obtaining large specific surface areas(SSA)for carbon xerogels poses a significant challenge due to the inevitable volume shrinkage of xerogel.Here,the Zn^(2+) coordination-catalyzed in-situ polymerization approach wa...Obtaining large specific surface areas(SSA)for carbon xerogels poses a significant challenge due to the inevitable volume shrinkage of xerogel.Here,the Zn^(2+) coordination-catalyzed in-situ polymerization approach was proposed to fabricate xerogels with a low shrinkage of 13.03% and a short preparation period of 24 h.In resorcinolformaldehyde(RF)polymerization,ZnCl_(2) could accelerate the reaction kinetics through the coordination of the Zn^(2+) and hydroxyl groups.The gel network with adjustable RF particles(46.5 nm-1.89μm)and narrow neck structures was constructed by changing ZnCl_(2) and ethanol contents,which could resist volume shrinkage during atmospheric drying without solvent exchange.The activated carbon xerogels(ACXs)with hierarchical structure were designed by one-step carbonization/activation due to the pore-forming of ZnCl_(2).The obtained ACXs showed a large SSA of 1689 m^(2)/g,multi-dyes adsorption capacity(methylene blue,Congo red,methyl orange,and Sudan Ⅲ were 625.90,359.46,320.69,and 453.92 mg/g,respectively),and reusability of 100%.The maximum monolayer MB adsorption capacity was 630.28 mg/g.This work presents an efficient strategy to design porous nanomaterials with low shrinkage and large SSA,which illustrates promising applications in separation,adsorption,and photoelectric catalysis.展开更多
High electrochemical performance supercapacitors require activated carbon with high specific surface area,suitable pore size distribution and surface properties,and high electrical conductivity as electrode materials,...High electrochemical performance supercapacitors require activated carbon with high specific surface area,suitable pore size distribution and surface properties,and high electrical conductivity as electrode materials,whereas there exists a trade-off relationship between specific surface area and electrical conductivity,which is not well met by a single type of carbon source.To solve this problem,the coal and sargassum are adopted to obtain the coupling product via co-thermal dissolution,followed by carbonization and KOH activation.The effects of mixing mass ratio and activation temperature on the prepared activated carbon(AC)are investigated using single factor experimental method.The experimental results show that AC_(1/3-800)has abundant micropore and mesopore content,good pore structure connectivity,high electrical conductivity and good wettability,and superior electrochemical properties compared with other activated carbons prepared in this experiment.Its total specific surface area is up to 2098.5 m^(2)·g^(-1),the pore volume is up to 1.33 cm^(3)·g^(-1),the content of mespores with diameter of 6-8 nm is significantly increased,and the pore size distribution is wide and uniform.When the current density increases from 0.1 to 10 A·g^(-1),the gravimetric capacitance decreases from 219 to 186 F·g^(-1)with a capacitance retention of 84.9%,the equivalent series resistance is very small,and the rate performance and reversibility of charging and discharging have also been excellent.展开更多
In this work,we investigate how activated carbon(AC)derived from olive pomace biomass can be used as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries.The biomass-derived activated carbon has the potential to be highly effic...In this work,we investigate how activated carbon(AC)derived from olive pomace biomass can be used as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries.The biomass-derived activated carbon has the potential to be highly efficient,deliver high performance,sustainable,and cost-effective in LIBs-related production.The activated carbon is prepared by using H3PO4 as a chemical activation agent,and then calcining the obtained product at 500℃ for different controlled atmospheres under(i)air(AC-Atm),(ii)vacuum(AC-Vac),and(iii)argon(ACArg).The different samples were systematically analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Highresolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray fluores-cence(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD),FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)to assess their properties.The electrochemical properties of the carbonaceous materials were studied by galvano-static cycling,cyclic voltammetry(CV),and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The results showed high specific capacity and stable cycling performance,with capacities of 288,184,and 56 mAh g^(-1) at the current density of 25 mA g^(-1) after 70 cycles for AC-Arg,AC-Vac,and AC-Atm respectively.Furthermore,the CE efficiency was nearly 100%from the first cycles.This study opens up interesting prospects and offers promising oppor-tunities for more efficient recovery of unused olive pomace waste,by integrating it into energy storage appli-cations,particularly sustainable lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Control of N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)in drinking water could be achieved by removing its precursors as one practical way.Herein,superfine powdered activated carbons with a diameter of about 1μm(SPACs)were successfu...Control of N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)in drinking water could be achieved by removing its precursors as one practical way.Herein,superfine powdered activated carbons with a diameter of about 1μm(SPACs)were successfully prepared by grinding powdered activated carbon(PAC,D50=24.3μm)and applied to remove model NDMA precursors,i.e.ranitidine(RAN)and nizatidine(NIZ).Results fromgrain diameter experiments demonstrated that the absorption velocity increased dramatically with decreasing particle size,and the maximum increase in k2 was 26.8-folds for RAN and 33.4-folds for NIZ.Moreover,kinetic experiments explained that rapid absorption could be attributed to the acceleration of intraparticle diffusion due to the shortening of the diffusion path.Furthermore,performance comparison experiments suggested that the removal of RAN and NIZ(C_(0)=0.5 mg/L)could reach 61.3%and 60%,respectively,within 5 min,when the dosage of SAPC-1.1(D_(50)=1.1μm)was merely 5 mg/L,while PAC-24.3 could only eliminate 17.5%and 18.6%.The adsorption isotherm was well defined by Langmuir isotherm model,indicating that the adsorption of RAN/NIZ was a monolayer coverage process.The adsorption of RAN or NIZ by SAPC-1.1 and PAC-24.3 was strongly pH dependent,and high adsorption capacity could be observed under the condition of pH>pk_(a)+1.The coexistence of humic acid(HA)had no significant effect on the adsorption performance because RAN/NIZ may be coupled with HA and removed simultaneously.The coexistence of anions had little effect on the adsorption also.This study is expected to provide an alternative strategy for drinking water safety triggered by NDMA.展开更多
To explore the denitration mechanism of iron-vanadium/activated carbon(Fe-V/AC)catalysts in ammonia-selective catalytic reduction(NH_(3)-SCR),the physicochemical properties of Fe-V/AC catalysts were characterized.The ...To explore the denitration mechanism of iron-vanadium/activated carbon(Fe-V/AC)catalysts in ammonia-selective catalytic reduction(NH_(3)-SCR),the physicochemical properties of Fe-V/AC catalysts were characterized.The denitration activities of the Fe-V/AC catalysts in the range of 150-300℃ were evaluated.The increase in denitration temperature leads to the highest and fastest recovery rate of NO conversion in the 10Fe-15V/AC catalyst.However,more metal oxides were attached to the catalyst surface as the V loading increased,and the accumulation occurred.The surface-active components are FeO,Fe_(2)O_(3),Fe_(3)O_(4),VO_(2),and V_(2)O_(5).In addition,the increase in the V loading induced a series of modification effects.A large amount of Fe^(3+)was reduced to Fe^(2+),and a large amount of V^(4+)was oxidized to V^(5+).The surface oxygen species(O_(α))were transformed into lattice oxygen(O_(β)).The presence of a large amount of V species deteriorated the pore-structure parameters and destroyed the oxygen-containing functional groups.Increasing the V loading can effectively increase the Lewis acid sites,thereby promoting NH_(3) adsorption and NO reduction and increasing the stretching vibration of weakly adsorbed ammonia species on the catalyst.The NH_(3) adsorption process produces a notable increase in the concentration of monodentate nitrite(NH_(4)^(+)).The NH_(3)-SCR denitration mechanism of the Fe-V/AC catalyst includes reaction gas adsorption,catalytic denitration of metal active components,and gas desorption.展开更多
This study addresses the challenges posed by dispersive soil in various engineering fields,including hydraulic and agricultural engineering,by exploring the effects of physical adsorption on soil modification.The prim...This study addresses the challenges posed by dispersive soil in various engineering fields,including hydraulic and agricultural engineering,by exploring the effects of physical adsorption on soil modification.The primary objective is to identify an environmentally friendly stabilizer that can alleviate cracking and erosion resulting from soil dispersivity.Activated carbon(AC),known for its porous nature,was examined for its potential to enhance soil strength and erosion resistance.The charge neutralization process was evaluated by monitoring pH and conductivity,in addition to a comprehensive analysis of microscopic and mineral properties.The results show that high sodium levels or low clay contents result in the dispersive nature of soil in water.However,the incorporation of AC can transform such soil into a non-dispersive state.Moreover,both soil strength and erosion resistance exhibited enhancements with increasing AC content and curing duration.The incorporation of AC resulted in a maximum 5.6-fold increase in unconfined compressive strength and a 1.8-fold increase in tensile strength for dispersive soil.Notably,a significant correlation was observed during the curing phase among soil dispersivity,mechanical properties,and pH values.Microscopic analyses revealed that the porous structure of AC facilitated a filling effect and enhanced adsorption capacity,which contributed to improved soil characteristics and reduced dispersivity.The release of hydrogen ions and the formation of aggregates promote water stability.Validation tests conducted on dispersive soil from northern Shaanxi demonstrated the efficacy of physical adsorption using AC as a viable method for modifying dispersive soil in the water conservancy hub.展开更多
Chromium is one of the heavy metal pollutants. Heavy metal chromium-contaminated water will seriously endanger human health after use. There are many ways to remove chromium-containing sewage, and the adsorption metho...Chromium is one of the heavy metal pollutants. Heavy metal chromium-contaminated water will seriously endanger human health after use. There are many ways to remove chromium-containing sewage, and the adsorption method is the most effective and convenient method. The adsorption amount of traditional activated carbon is limited, so it needs to be modified to improve the adsorption rate. This experiment determined a reasonable modification method, and the calcination method was selected for the modification. This paper mainly compares the surface morphological characteristics of activated carbon before and after modification. The modified X-ray diffraction peak is increased and the infrared ray absorption peak increased, and the results show that the surface of the modified activated carbon is more rough than that of the modified activated carbon, the functional groups are increased, and the sulfur and nitrogen are doped on the activated carbon. Therefore, the modified activated carbon has a high removal rate and the best performance under acidic conditions.展开更多
Strategic design and synergistic interactions between the electrodes and electroactive materials profoundly influence the energy storage efficiency of supercapacitor devices. Herein, we present the interfacial enginee...Strategic design and synergistic interactions between the electrodes and electroactive materials profoundly influence the energy storage efficiency of supercapacitor devices. Herein, we present the interfacial engineering of CoMoS_(4)-NiS_(2) with a well-defined construction of amorphous/crystalline hetero-phases deposited on carbon cloth using a hydrothermal technique. The optimal in-situ growth of CoMoS_(4)-NiS_(2)@CFC boasts an impressive areal capacity of 1341 mC cm^(-2) and retains ∼91 % capacity after 5000 cycles, attributed to the synergy effect and improved conductivity of multi-metallic sulfide ions over the CFC substrate. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals the metallic nature of CoMoS_(4)-NiS_(2)@CFC and favorable OH- ion adsorption energy of -4.35 eV, enhancing its charge storage capabilities. Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) and Pouch HSC are assembled utilizing the CoMoS_(4)-NiS_(2)@CFC as a positrode and marine waste jellyfish-derived AC as a negatrode with an aqueous electrolyte. The HSC and PHSC demonstrate superior specific energies of 51.99 and 58.4 W h kg^(-1), respectively, along with corresponding specific powers of 800 and 780 W kg^(-1), maintaining robust stability of ∼90 % stability over 10000 cycles. Additionally, the HSC and PHSC have successfully illuminated several light-emitting diodes (LEDs) demonstrating superior energy storage performance. This work advances the design of hetero-phase multi-metal sulfides, paving the way for high-performance supercapacitor devices.展开更多
Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)are extremely lethal substances used in warfare and terrorism,capable of causing permanent damage even in small doses,despite medical intervention.Therefore,detection,protection,and detoxi...Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)are extremely lethal substances used in warfare and terrorism,capable of causing permanent damage even in small doses,despite medical intervention.Therefore,detection,protection,and detoxification of CWAs are vital for the safety of first responders,military personnel,and civilians,driving significant research in this area.Herein,we designed and synthesized a poly(-diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)mediated cupric oxide(CuO)functionalized activated carbon fabric(ACF),termed ACF@PDDA-CuO,as an adsorbent filter material for self-detoxifying chemical protective clothing.PDDA,a positively charged polyelectrolyte,effectively binds in-situ synthesized CuO to the negatively charged ACF surface,serving as a suitable binder.This study demonstrates the synergistic effects of PDDA-CuO functionalization on ACF,where PDDA treatment enhanced mechanical and comfort properties,and CuO crystal growth significantly improved detoxification efficacy against the CWA Nerve Agent Sarin.Comprehensive analyses,including FTIR,BET surface area analysis,SEM,EDS,TEM,STEM,TGA,XPS,and XRD,confirmed the uniform deposition of CuO and PDDA on the ACF surface.The Cu content on ACF@PDDA-CuO samples was measured via iodometric titration.The materials were evaluated for tensile strength,air permeability,water vapor permeability,nerve agent(Sarin)detoxification,and blister agent(Sulfur Mustard)breakthrough time to assess their applicability for protective clothing.The optimized PDDA-CuO on ACF detoxified 82.04%of Sarin within 18 h,compared to 25.22%by ACF alone,and enhanced tensile strength by 23.67%,air permeability by 24.63%,and water vapor permeability by 3.94%,while maintaining protection against Sulfur Mustard for 24 h.These findings indicate that ACF@PDDA-CuO is a promising candidate for CWA protective clothing,offering robust protection with enhanced comfort.展开更多
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange special project of Cooperation of Shanxi Province(202404041101014)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202403021212333)+3 种基金the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20555)the Lvliang Key R&D of University-Local Cooperation(2023XDHZ10)the Initiation Fund for Doctoral Research of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(20242026)the Outstanding Doctor Funding Award of Shanxi Province(20242080).
文摘To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content in coal)catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,followed by acid washing to remove calcium-containing minerals.Comprehensive characterization and low-temperature denitrification tests revealed that calcite-induced structural modulation of coal-derived AC significantly enhances catalytic activity.Specifically,NO conversion increased from 88.3%of Mn-Ce/De-AC to 91.7%of Mn-Ce/De-AC-1CaCO_(3)(210℃).The improved SCR denitrification activity results from the enhancement of physicochemical properties including higher Mn^(4+)content and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio,an abundance of chemisorbed oxygen and acidic sites,which could strengthen the SCR reaction pathways(richer NH_(3)activated species and bidentate nitrate active species).Therefore,NO removal is enhanced.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2022YFB4101500 and 2022YFE0209500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22276191 and 21976177)the Qinghai Province Air Pollution Assessment and Fine Management Support Project,and the University of Chinese Academy of Science.
文摘As a potential adsorption material,it is still a challenge for activated carbon fiber(ACF)in efficient adsorption of ethanol due to its nonpolar surface,which is mainly emitted from the grain drying industry.This study prepared surface polarity-modified ACF using the heteroatom doping method.The modified ACF possessed a richer array of strongly polar oxygen/nitrogen-containing functional groups(primarily phenolic hydroxyl and lactone groups),a larger specific surface are1,and a more developed micropore structure.The adsorption capacities of ethanol for O-ACF and N-ACF were 4.110 mmol/g and 1.698 mmol/g,respectively,which were 11.3 times and 4.7 times those of unmodified ACF.This was a significant improvement over our previous work(0.363 mmol/g).The improvement of adsorption capacity for the N-ACF was mainly due to the higher specific surface are1,greater number of micropores(more adsorption sites)and abundant existence of defects,whereas,for O-ACF,the improvement mainly relied on the abundant presence of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface.However,water had a negative effect on the adsorption of ethanol for the modified ACF due to competitive adsorption and the disappearance of capillary condensation.It was further revealed that the adsorption process of ethanol and water was quite different.It obeyed the linear driving force(LDF)model for ethanol adsorption,however,the intraparticle diffusion(IPD)model for water adsorption.
文摘The goal of this work is to improve the simultaneous removal of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ ions from synthetic wastewater in a fixed bed column by incorporating sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) onto the surface of activated carbon made from coconut shells. The activated carbons were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX). The adsorption column dynamics were studied by varying the flow rates (5, 10 and 15 mL/min), bed heights (10, 15 and 20 cm), and initial concentrations (50, 150, and 250 mg/L). The activated carbon has a pore volume of 0.715 cm3/g and a BET-specific surface area of 1410 m2/g. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant incorporation onto the surface of the activated carbon enhances its capacity for simultaneous adsorption of Pb2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cd2+ from the aqueous medium. The affinity of the heavy metals to both unmodified (AC) and modified (AC-SDS) activated carbons followed the order of Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Zn2+ > Cd2+. The dynamic adsorption of the column depends on the flow rate, bed height, initial metal concentration, and SDS surface modification. With a 5 mL/min flow rate, a 20 cm bed height, and a 50 mg/L initial metal concentration, a maximum break-through time of 150 minutes for the unmodified activated carbon (AC) and 180 minutes for the SDS-modified activated carbon (AC-SDS) was reached.
文摘Peroxymonosulfate(PMS)-assisted visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using graphitic carbon nitride(g-C_(3)N_(4))presents a promising and environmentally friendly approach.However,pristine g-C_(3)N_(4) suffers from limited visible-light absorption and low charge-carrier mobility.In this study,a phosphorus-doped tubular carbon nitride(5P-TCN)was synthesized via a precursor self-assembly method using phosphoric acid and melamine as raw materials,eliminating the need for organic solvents or templates.The 5P-TCN catalyst demonstrated enhanced visible-light absorption,improved charge transfer capability,and a 5.25-fold increase in specific surface area(31.092 m^(2)/g),which provided abundant active sites to efficiently drive the PMS-assisted photocatalytic reaction.The 5P-TCN/vis/PMS system exhibited exceptional degradation performance for organic pollutants across a broad pH range(3–9),achieving over 92%degradation of Rhodamine B(RhB)within 15 min.Notably,the system retained>98%RhB degradation efficiency after three consecutive operational cycles,demonstrating robust operational stability and reusability.Moreover,key parameters influencing,active radi-cals,degradation pathways,and potential mechanisms for RhB degradation were systematically investigated.This work proposes a green and cost-effective strategy for developing high-efficiency photocatalysts,while demon-strating the exceptional capability of a PMS-assisted photocatalytic system for rapid degradation of RhB.
基金supported by Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects(No.202202AG050005)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202101BE070001-001).
文摘The ACF adsorbent with high Cu loading was treated with dielectric barrier discharge plasma to mitigate the negative effects of high Cu loading and enhance PH_(3)and H_(2)S adsorption and oxidation.Bruno-Emmett-Taylor(BET)result showed that the specific surface area of the adsorbent after air plasma modification was almost three times that before modification.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)findings revealed that the amino group was added to the adsorbent's surface,increasing lattice oxygen and chemisorbed oxygen.The adsorbent's large specific surface area,excellent surface active oxygen,and abundance of basic groups facilitate PH_(3)and H_(2)S adsorption and oxidation.The scanning electron microscopy showed that air plasma modification exposed more active components and uniformly dispersed them on the surface of adsorbent,thereby improving the adsorption performance.Activity evaluation results showed that the adsorbent has the best ability to capture PH_(3)and H_(2)S after being modified by air plasma at 4 kV voltage for 10 min.The adsorbent's breakthrough ability at high space velocity(WHSV:60,000 h^(−1))is 190 mg P/g and 146 mg S/g,respectively,which is 74%and 60%greater than that before modification.This is a great improvement over previous studies.In addition,the possible mechanism of adsorbent deactivation was proposed.
文摘The use of carbon from waste biomass has the potential to eliminate the drawbacks of Li-S batteries and improve their overall performance.Chrome-tanned-leather-shavings(CTLS)are a readily available waste product that can be transformed into porous carbon.We prepared an ac-tivated carbon by microwave pyrolysis combined with KOH activator using the CTLS as starting materials.The carbon had a specific surface area of 556 m^(2)g^(-1) and a honeycomb-like structure.Two kinds of N-doped activated carbons were then synthesized by thermal decomposition of the activated carbon,either combined with urea,or impregnated with eth-anolamine.Both N-doped activated carbons have an in-creased number of nitrogen and amine surface groups.However,only the urea treatment was effective in improv-ing the initial capacity of the cell(1363 mAh g^(-1)),which is probably linked to the sorption of long-chain polysulfides.This investigation confirms that it is possible to use the thermal de-composition of urea to obtain carbon materials from CTLS for use as the sulfur-host cathode in Li-S batteries and improve their performance.A radial basis function neural network was fitted to provide statistical support for the experimental results,which confirmed the importance of the nitrogen content of the carbons in determining the discharge capacity of the cells.
文摘Lithium-ion capacitors(LICs)combine the high power dens-ity of electrical double-layer capacitors with the high energy density of lithium-ion batteries.However,they face practical limitations due to the narrow operating voltage window of their activated carbon(AC)cathodes.We report a scalable thermal treatment strategy to develop high-voltage-tolerant AC cathodes.Through controlled thermal treatment of commer-cial activated carbon(Raw-AC)under a H_(2)/Ar atmosphere at 400-800℃,the targeted reduction of degradation-prone functional groups can be achieved while preserving the critical pore structure and increasing graph-itic microcrystalline ordering.The AC treated at 400℃(HAC-400)had a significant increase in specific capacity(96.0 vs.75.1 mAh/g at 0.05 A/g)and better rate capability(61.1 vs.36.1 mAh/g at 5 A/g)in half-cell LICs,along with an 83.5%capacity retention over 7400 cycles within an extended voltage range of 2.0-4.2 V in full-cell LICs.Scalability was demonstrated by a 120 g batch production,enabling fabrication of pouch-type LICs with commercial hard carbon anodes that delivered a higher energy density of 28.3 Wh/kg at 1 C,and a peak power density of 12.1 kW/kg compared to devices using raw AC.This simple,industry-compatible approach may be used for producing ad-vanced cathode materials for practical high-performance LICs.
基金funded by Burapha University,grant number SDG 4/2568.
文摘Nitrogen-doped activated carbon(N-AC)was successfully prepared by KOH-activation and nitrogen doping using ammonia(NH3)heat treatment.Coconut shell-derived activated carbon(AC)was heat-treated under NH3 gas in the temperature range of 700℃-900℃.Likewise,the mixture of potassium hydroxide(KOH)and AC was heated at 800℃,followed by heat treatment underNH3 gas at 800℃(hereafter referred to asKOH-N-AC800).Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)method were utilized to analyze morphology,crystallinity,chemical bonding,chemical composition and surface area.The surface area and porosity of N-AC increased with increasing NH3 heat treatment.Similarly,the nitrogen content in the N-AC increased from 3.23%to 4.84 at%when the NH3 heat treatment was raised from 700℃ to 800℃.However,the nitrogen content of N-AC decreased to 3.40 at% after using NH3 heat treatment at 900℃.The nitrogen content of KOH-N-AC800 is 5.43 at%.KOH-N-AC800 and N-AC800 exhibited improvements of 33.66% and 26.24%,respectively,in CO_(2) adsorption compared with AC.The enhancement of CO_(2) adsorption of KOH-N-AC800 is attributed to the synergic effect of the nitrogen doping,high surface area,and porosity.The results exhibited that nitrogen sites on the surface play a more significant role in CO_(2) adsorption than surface area and porosity.This work proposes the potential synergistic effect of KOH-activation and nitrogen doping for enhancing the CO_(2) adsorption capacity of activated carbon.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51873167)the Self-determined and Innovative Research Funds of WUT(No.2024-CL-B1-02)。
文摘Modified activated carbons(AS)were fabricated through the oxidation effect of ammonium persulfate and applied to the dynamic adsorption of different acrylate gas.The pore structures,surface chemical properties and surface morphology of AS were respectively characterized by N2 adsorption,Boehm titration,X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)techniques.After modification,the specific surface area increased from 954 to 1154 m^(2)·g^(-1).The contents of oxygen-containing functional groups on the AS surface increase obviously and have a great effect on the adsorption behavior of acrylate gases.According to the results of dynamic adsorption,the adsorption capacities of acrylates are as the following order:methyl acrylate(461.9 mg·g^(-1))>methyl methacrylate(436.9 mg·g^(-1))>butyl acrylate(381.8 mg·g^(-1)),which is attributed to the size adaptability of AS pores and acrylates.The adsorption behavior of AS for acrylate gases conforms to the Bangham model and the Temkin model.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Projects in Zhejiang Province(Nos.2023C03127,2024C03114,2024C03108)the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22208300,22078294)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ23B060007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Provincial Universities of Zhejiang(No.RF-A2023004)Zhejiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.ZJ2023145).
文摘Herein,the association between the dynamic adsorption capacity of toluene and several important characteristic values on activated carbon(AC)samples was investigated by multidimensional linear regression.Among the characteristic values,the carbon tetrachloride(CTC)adsorption value has demonstrated relatively stronger correlation with the toluene adsorption capacity on AC sampleswith diverse sources and forms,particularly in exposure to high-concentration toluene.Notably,the relevance of the toluene adsorption capacity to the CTC value could also be extended to a series of other porous adsorbents,which proved the wide applicability of CTC value in characterizing the adsorption behaviors.Based on these results,a mathematical and visual model was then established to predict the toluene adsorption saturation under different conditions(inlet concentration,adsorption time,initial CTC value,etc.)on diverse AC samples,of which the accuracy has later been verified by experimental data.As such,a fast and accurate estimation of the adsorption behaviors over AC samples,and possibly other porous adsorbents,was realized.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3711501)the Shanghai Industrial Collaborative Innovation Leading Group Office(No.XTCX-KJ-2023-53)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.23D110609)the Open Research Fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(No.2022SLABFN09)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Paper-making,Qilu University of Technology,Shandong Academy of Sciences(No.GZKF202231)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Donghua University(No.CUSF-DH-d-2022012).
文摘Designing xerogels at the molecular level to overcome volume shrinkage is a promising strategy for carbon xerogels with desirable structure and performance.Here,we design a xerogel with non-shrinkage by introducing ZnCl_(2) into resorcinol-melamine-formaldehyde polymerization.The gel network consisting of micrometer pores and large particles(0.26-1.35μm)is constructed by the coordination of Zn^(2+) with oxygen/nitrogen-containing groups,which is attributed to the structural support of the rigid triazine skeleton with large steric hindrance.Therefore,the reinforced gel network possesses enough strength to withstand capillary forces during atmospheric drying,and special drying and solvent exchange are avoided.The xerogels show non-shrinkage and a short preparation time of 24 h.The resulted activated carbon xerogels with interconnected hierarchically micro-meso-macropores exhibit an optimal specific surface area of 1520 m^(2)/g(through xerogels pyrolysis and the pore-forming of ZnCl_(2)),high adsorption(methylene blue,I-,Cu^(2+),etc.),and repeated adsorption ability.This work provides novel thought for porous nanomaterials with non-shrinkage and desirable structures in adsorption and energy storage.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFB3711501)Shanghai Industrial Collaborative Innovation Leading Group Office(No.XTCX-KJ-2023-53)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.23D110609)the Open Research Fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory(No.2022SLABFN09)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking,Qilu University of Technology,Shandong Academy of Sciences(No.GZKF202231)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities and Graduate Student Innovation Fund of Donghua University(No.CUSF-DH-D-2022012).
文摘Obtaining large specific surface areas(SSA)for carbon xerogels poses a significant challenge due to the inevitable volume shrinkage of xerogel.Here,the Zn^(2+) coordination-catalyzed in-situ polymerization approach was proposed to fabricate xerogels with a low shrinkage of 13.03% and a short preparation period of 24 h.In resorcinolformaldehyde(RF)polymerization,ZnCl_(2) could accelerate the reaction kinetics through the coordination of the Zn^(2+) and hydroxyl groups.The gel network with adjustable RF particles(46.5 nm-1.89μm)and narrow neck structures was constructed by changing ZnCl_(2) and ethanol contents,which could resist volume shrinkage during atmospheric drying without solvent exchange.The activated carbon xerogels(ACXs)with hierarchical structure were designed by one-step carbonization/activation due to the pore-forming of ZnCl_(2).The obtained ACXs showed a large SSA of 1689 m^(2)/g,multi-dyes adsorption capacity(methylene blue,Congo red,methyl orange,and Sudan Ⅲ were 625.90,359.46,320.69,and 453.92 mg/g,respectively),and reusability of 100%.The maximum monolayer MB adsorption capacity was 630.28 mg/g.This work presents an efficient strategy to design porous nanomaterials with low shrinkage and large SSA,which illustrates promising applications in separation,adsorption,and photoelectric catalysis.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Support Plan for Youth Innovation of Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province of China(2023KJ122)State Grid Shandong Electric Power Company Science and Technology Project(520618240009)Doctoral Research Fund of Shandong Jianzhu University(XNBS1838).
文摘High electrochemical performance supercapacitors require activated carbon with high specific surface area,suitable pore size distribution and surface properties,and high electrical conductivity as electrode materials,whereas there exists a trade-off relationship between specific surface area and electrical conductivity,which is not well met by a single type of carbon source.To solve this problem,the coal and sargassum are adopted to obtain the coupling product via co-thermal dissolution,followed by carbonization and KOH activation.The effects of mixing mass ratio and activation temperature on the prepared activated carbon(AC)are investigated using single factor experimental method.The experimental results show that AC_(1/3-800)has abundant micropore and mesopore content,good pore structure connectivity,high electrical conductivity and good wettability,and superior electrochemical properties compared with other activated carbons prepared in this experiment.Its total specific surface area is up to 2098.5 m^(2)·g^(-1),the pore volume is up to 1.33 cm^(3)·g^(-1),the content of mespores with diameter of 6-8 nm is significantly increased,and the pore size distribution is wide and uniform.When the current density increases from 0.1 to 10 A·g^(-1),the gravimetric capacitance decreases from 219 to 186 F·g^(-1)with a capacitance retention of 84.9%,the equivalent series resistance is very small,and the rate performance and reversibility of charging and discharging have also been excellent.
文摘In this work,we investigate how activated carbon(AC)derived from olive pomace biomass can be used as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries.The biomass-derived activated carbon has the potential to be highly efficient,deliver high performance,sustainable,and cost-effective in LIBs-related production.The activated carbon is prepared by using H3PO4 as a chemical activation agent,and then calcining the obtained product at 500℃ for different controlled atmospheres under(i)air(AC-Atm),(ii)vacuum(AC-Vac),and(iii)argon(ACArg).The different samples were systematically analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Highresolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),X-ray fluores-cence(XRF),X-ray diffraction(XRD),FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy,and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)to assess their properties.The electrochemical properties of the carbonaceous materials were studied by galvano-static cycling,cyclic voltammetry(CV),and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The results showed high specific capacity and stable cycling performance,with capacities of 288,184,and 56 mAh g^(-1) at the current density of 25 mA g^(-1) after 70 cycles for AC-Arg,AC-Vac,and AC-Atm respectively.Furthermore,the CE efficiency was nearly 100%from the first cycles.This study opens up interesting prospects and offers promising oppor-tunities for more efficient recovery of unused olive pomace waste,by integrating it into energy storage appli-cations,particularly sustainable lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong(No.2020CXGC011406)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22076091)the State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,China(No.21L01ESPC).
文摘Control of N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)in drinking water could be achieved by removing its precursors as one practical way.Herein,superfine powdered activated carbons with a diameter of about 1μm(SPACs)were successfully prepared by grinding powdered activated carbon(PAC,D50=24.3μm)and applied to remove model NDMA precursors,i.e.ranitidine(RAN)and nizatidine(NIZ).Results fromgrain diameter experiments demonstrated that the absorption velocity increased dramatically with decreasing particle size,and the maximum increase in k2 was 26.8-folds for RAN and 33.4-folds for NIZ.Moreover,kinetic experiments explained that rapid absorption could be attributed to the acceleration of intraparticle diffusion due to the shortening of the diffusion path.Furthermore,performance comparison experiments suggested that the removal of RAN and NIZ(C_(0)=0.5 mg/L)could reach 61.3%and 60%,respectively,within 5 min,when the dosage of SAPC-1.1(D_(50)=1.1μm)was merely 5 mg/L,while PAC-24.3 could only eliminate 17.5%and 18.6%.The adsorption isotherm was well defined by Langmuir isotherm model,indicating that the adsorption of RAN/NIZ was a monolayer coverage process.The adsorption of RAN or NIZ by SAPC-1.1 and PAC-24.3 was strongly pH dependent,and high adsorption capacity could be observed under the condition of pH>pk_(a)+1.The coexistence of humic acid(HA)had no significant effect on the adsorption performance because RAN/NIZ may be coupled with HA and removed simultaneously.The coexistence of anions had little effect on the adsorption also.This study is expected to provide an alternative strategy for drinking water safety triggered by NDMA.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52264043).
文摘To explore the denitration mechanism of iron-vanadium/activated carbon(Fe-V/AC)catalysts in ammonia-selective catalytic reduction(NH_(3)-SCR),the physicochemical properties of Fe-V/AC catalysts were characterized.The denitration activities of the Fe-V/AC catalysts in the range of 150-300℃ were evaluated.The increase in denitration temperature leads to the highest and fastest recovery rate of NO conversion in the 10Fe-15V/AC catalyst.However,more metal oxides were attached to the catalyst surface as the V loading increased,and the accumulation occurred.The surface-active components are FeO,Fe_(2)O_(3),Fe_(3)O_(4),VO_(2),and V_(2)O_(5).In addition,the increase in the V loading induced a series of modification effects.A large amount of Fe^(3+)was reduced to Fe^(2+),and a large amount of V^(4+)was oxidized to V^(5+).The surface oxygen species(O_(α))were transformed into lattice oxygen(O_(β)).The presence of a large amount of V species deteriorated the pore-structure parameters and destroyed the oxygen-containing functional groups.Increasing the V loading can effectively increase the Lewis acid sites,thereby promoting NH_(3) adsorption and NO reduction and increasing the stretching vibration of weakly adsorbed ammonia species on the catalyst.The NH_(3) adsorption process produces a notable increase in the concentration of monodentate nitrite(NH_(4)^(+)).The NH_(3)-SCR denitration mechanism of the Fe-V/AC catalyst includes reaction gas adsorption,catalytic denitration of metal active components,and gas desorption.
基金financially supported by the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(Grant No.BX20200287)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52079116 and 52378322).
文摘This study addresses the challenges posed by dispersive soil in various engineering fields,including hydraulic and agricultural engineering,by exploring the effects of physical adsorption on soil modification.The primary objective is to identify an environmentally friendly stabilizer that can alleviate cracking and erosion resulting from soil dispersivity.Activated carbon(AC),known for its porous nature,was examined for its potential to enhance soil strength and erosion resistance.The charge neutralization process was evaluated by monitoring pH and conductivity,in addition to a comprehensive analysis of microscopic and mineral properties.The results show that high sodium levels or low clay contents result in the dispersive nature of soil in water.However,the incorporation of AC can transform such soil into a non-dispersive state.Moreover,both soil strength and erosion resistance exhibited enhancements with increasing AC content and curing duration.The incorporation of AC resulted in a maximum 5.6-fold increase in unconfined compressive strength and a 1.8-fold increase in tensile strength for dispersive soil.Notably,a significant correlation was observed during the curing phase among soil dispersivity,mechanical properties,and pH values.Microscopic analyses revealed that the porous structure of AC facilitated a filling effect and enhanced adsorption capacity,which contributed to improved soil characteristics and reduced dispersivity.The release of hydrogen ions and the formation of aggregates promote water stability.Validation tests conducted on dispersive soil from northern Shaanxi demonstrated the efficacy of physical adsorption using AC as a viable method for modifying dispersive soil in the water conservancy hub.
文摘Chromium is one of the heavy metal pollutants. Heavy metal chromium-contaminated water will seriously endanger human health after use. There are many ways to remove chromium-containing sewage, and the adsorption method is the most effective and convenient method. The adsorption amount of traditional activated carbon is limited, so it needs to be modified to improve the adsorption rate. This experiment determined a reasonable modification method, and the calcination method was selected for the modification. This paper mainly compares the surface morphological characteristics of activated carbon before and after modification. The modified X-ray diffraction peak is increased and the infrared ray absorption peak increased, and the results show that the surface of the modified activated carbon is more rough than that of the modified activated carbon, the functional groups are increased, and the sulfur and nitrogen are doped on the activated carbon. Therefore, the modified activated carbon has a high removal rate and the best performance under acidic conditions.
基金supported by the Technology Devel-opment Program(No.S3218794)funded by the Ministry of SMEs and Startups(MSS,Korea)supported by the Nano&Material Technology Development Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Min-istry of Science and ICT(No.RS-2024-00446825).
文摘Strategic design and synergistic interactions between the electrodes and electroactive materials profoundly influence the energy storage efficiency of supercapacitor devices. Herein, we present the interfacial engineering of CoMoS_(4)-NiS_(2) with a well-defined construction of amorphous/crystalline hetero-phases deposited on carbon cloth using a hydrothermal technique. The optimal in-situ growth of CoMoS_(4)-NiS_(2)@CFC boasts an impressive areal capacity of 1341 mC cm^(-2) and retains ∼91 % capacity after 5000 cycles, attributed to the synergy effect and improved conductivity of multi-metallic sulfide ions over the CFC substrate. Density functional theory (DFT) reveals the metallic nature of CoMoS_(4)-NiS_(2)@CFC and favorable OH- ion adsorption energy of -4.35 eV, enhancing its charge storage capabilities. Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) and Pouch HSC are assembled utilizing the CoMoS_(4)-NiS_(2)@CFC as a positrode and marine waste jellyfish-derived AC as a negatrode with an aqueous electrolyte. The HSC and PHSC demonstrate superior specific energies of 51.99 and 58.4 W h kg^(-1), respectively, along with corresponding specific powers of 800 and 780 W kg^(-1), maintaining robust stability of ∼90 % stability over 10000 cycles. Additionally, the HSC and PHSC have successfully illuminated several light-emitting diodes (LEDs) demonstrating superior energy storage performance. This work advances the design of hetero-phase multi-metal sulfides, paving the way for high-performance supercapacitor devices.
基金Defence Research and Development Establishment(DRDE),DRDO,Gwalior-474002,(India)for his keen interestencouragement.The DRDE accession number for this manuscript is DRDE-IREC-130-28/03/2024.
文摘Chemical warfare agents(CWAs)are extremely lethal substances used in warfare and terrorism,capable of causing permanent damage even in small doses,despite medical intervention.Therefore,detection,protection,and detoxification of CWAs are vital for the safety of first responders,military personnel,and civilians,driving significant research in this area.Herein,we designed and synthesized a poly(-diallyldimethylammonium chloride)(PDDA)mediated cupric oxide(CuO)functionalized activated carbon fabric(ACF),termed ACF@PDDA-CuO,as an adsorbent filter material for self-detoxifying chemical protective clothing.PDDA,a positively charged polyelectrolyte,effectively binds in-situ synthesized CuO to the negatively charged ACF surface,serving as a suitable binder.This study demonstrates the synergistic effects of PDDA-CuO functionalization on ACF,where PDDA treatment enhanced mechanical and comfort properties,and CuO crystal growth significantly improved detoxification efficacy against the CWA Nerve Agent Sarin.Comprehensive analyses,including FTIR,BET surface area analysis,SEM,EDS,TEM,STEM,TGA,XPS,and XRD,confirmed the uniform deposition of CuO and PDDA on the ACF surface.The Cu content on ACF@PDDA-CuO samples was measured via iodometric titration.The materials were evaluated for tensile strength,air permeability,water vapor permeability,nerve agent(Sarin)detoxification,and blister agent(Sulfur Mustard)breakthrough time to assess their applicability for protective clothing.The optimized PDDA-CuO on ACF detoxified 82.04%of Sarin within 18 h,compared to 25.22%by ACF alone,and enhanced tensile strength by 23.67%,air permeability by 24.63%,and water vapor permeability by 3.94%,while maintaining protection against Sulfur Mustard for 24 h.These findings indicate that ACF@PDDA-CuO is a promising candidate for CWA protective clothing,offering robust protection with enhanced comfort.
