Additive manufacturing(AM)is a widely applied manufacturing paradigm used for the layer-by-layer fabrica-tion of desired components and objects,especially for those with highly intricate geometry.Extrusion-based AM,wh...Additive manufacturing(AM)is a widely applied manufacturing paradigm used for the layer-by-layer fabrica-tion of desired components and objects,especially for those with highly intricate geometry.Extrusion-based AM,which is a subcategory of AM processing technologies,is characterized by the facilitation of controlled and successive deposition of feedstock AM materials through the nozzles of printer heads onto a print bed.Extrusion-based AM processing enables design freedom but offers cost efficiency and process simplicity when compared to other AM categories i.e.liquid-and powder-based AM technologies.The extrusion-based AM process has become increasingly widespread over the last two decades because of the expanding material options that can be used in this technology,and its capacity to be hybridised through the addition of multiple printheads or incorpora-tion into a secondary manufacturing system.Despite the promising aspects of the extrusion-based AM process,increasing demands for customised extrusion-based printed products and an expanding range of extrusion-based AM materials create both material-and process-related challenges that limit the suitability of extrusion-based AM processes for some specific applications.Consequently,the principal objective of this review paper is to conduct a suitability analysis of extrusion-based AM processes.The suitability analysis follows a review and discussion about the extrusion-based AM process,and an assessment of easy-and hard-to-print extrusion-based AM mate-rials.This paper,therefore,provides a comprehensive suitability analysis of each extrusion-based AM process while also providing some promising ideas for improving their current suitability levels.The findings and ratings reported in this paper importantly offers viewpoints that would support better futuristic comparisons between developed and developing extrusion-based AM processes,especially as businesses look to adopt the right AM solutions.展开更多
Solar greenhouses in China have various structural forms.Compared with traditional solar greenhouses,the assembled solar greenhouse is not only simple in construction,convenient and fast in installation,but also impro...Solar greenhouses in China have various structural forms.Compared with traditional solar greenhouses,the assembled solar greenhouse is not only simple in construction,convenient and fast in installation,but also improves the utilization efficiency of land and reduces the damage to the soil layer,cleverly achieving the transformation between plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouses.To determine the regions suitable for promoting modular solar greenhouses,this study adopts a combination of actual measurement and simulation methods.Based on Autodesk CFD software,a dynamic thermal model of modular solar greenhouse is established.Predictions and adaptive analysis of indoor temperature field changes at different regions are conducted in the consideration of boundary conditions such as outdoor air temperature,solar radiation on walls,and ground in various regions.The experimental results show that the change trends of measured and simulated values are basically consistent,indicating a high degree of model agreement.The maximum average deviation between the predicted and measured values of indoor air temperature is 1.53℃,the maximum average absolute deviation is 2.52℃,and the maximum root mean square is 3.74℃.The absolute coefficient ranges from 0.84 to 0.92,which indicates that the model can accurately reflect the temperature field distribution and heat exchange situation of the modular solar greenhouse at different times.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application and promotion of modular solar greenhouses and also offers a new research method for suitability simulation analysis of other types of solar greenhouses.展开更多
According to the meteorological data in Wenjiang District and the pheno- logical observation data of early Yingui during flowedng period in Chengdu Experi- mental Station of Agricultural Meteorology, using statistical...According to the meteorological data in Wenjiang District and the pheno- logical observation data of early Yingui during flowedng period in Chengdu Experi- mental Station of Agricultural Meteorology, using statistical methods, prerequisite and the climatic indicators for the first flowering of early Yingui were obtained. Based on the above conditions, the conditions for the flowering period of O. fragrans in Wenjiang District were analyzed. The conclusion was drawn that the conditions are suitable for blossoms of O. fragrans.展开更多
This paper uses the expected utility under risk hypothesis to develop a new approach to GIS modeling for land use suitability analysis with competitive learning algorithms （CLG-LUSA）. It uses Kohonen＇s Self Organ- ...This paper uses the expected utility under risk hypothesis to develop a new approach to GIS modeling for land use suitability analysis with competitive learning algorithms （CLG-LUSA）. It uses Kohonen＇s Self Organ- ized Maps （SOM） and Linear Vector Quantization （LVQ） among other tools to create comprehensive ordering of high number of options. The model uses decision makers preferred locations and environmental data to construct a manifold of the decision＇s attribute space. Then, decision and uncertainty maps are derived from this manifold. An application example is provided using the selection of suitable environments for coconut development in a mu- nicipality of Cuba. CLG-LUSA model was able to provide accurate visual feedback of key aspects of the decision process, making the methodology suitable for personal or group decision making.展开更多
China is the world’s largest consumer of pork and grains.However,African swine fever(ASF)and the COVID-19 outbreak have greatly impacted the pork supply and food security in China.How can food security and the pork s...China is the world’s largest consumer of pork and grains.However,African swine fever(ASF)and the COVID-19 outbreak have greatly impacted the pork supply and food security in China.How can food security and the pork supply be ensured under the dual impacts of COVID-19 and ASF?This is a major problem to be urgently solved by the Chinese government.This study indicated that the main pork production and sales areas in China were separated,which reflected the spatial imbalance between the supply and demand.The total area of suitable selected sites for pig farms in China is 21.5 million ha.If only the areas with levels of high and moderate suitability are considered as potential sites for pig farms,the potential pork production can reach 56.1 million tons in China,which is slightly lower than demand.Due to the impact of the ASF epidemic,the food consumed by pigs has been reduced by 34.7 million tons.However,with increasing pork productivity in the future,the self-sufficiency rate of grains may further decline.On the premise that the quality of people’s life is not affected,the diversification of meat supply channels should be realized in an orderly and sustainable way,which might alleviate the pressure on food supply.This study provides a theoretical reference for the spatiotemporal layout of the swine industry and addresses the issue of food security in China under the influence of ASF and the COVID-19 outbreak.展开更多
The goal of this study is to assess the ability of existing car washing stations in Khartoum City using an ArcMap suitability modeling tool. Methods: In Khartoum, an increasing number of vehicle wash stations were ope...The goal of this study is to assess the ability of existing car washing stations in Khartoum City using an ArcMap suitability modeling tool. Methods: In Khartoum, an increasing number of vehicle wash stations were opened every day. The main criteria are street, the slope, the hospitals, the police station, and the school, which have been used to build a model of suitability based on weight overlay in ArcGIS 10.4. The findings revealed two evaluation tendencies. One tendency involves business centers that are located on main roads but are adjacent to residential areas, while another involves business centers that have rezoned residential plots without consideration for ideal site requirements for the environment. There are locations that would be appropriate for vehicle wash centers, according to the final suitability map. On a scale of 1 to 5, less than 30% of the study area is considered suitable for a new car wash regarding class 5. On the other hand, significant areas are available for car wash development in the second value of suitability 4, but as second-ranked suitability. The assessment was accomplished by comparing the final suitability map of car washing centers to the layers which represented them.展开更多
The purpose of this work is to assess the soil fertility for Tulaipanji rice cultivation in Kaliyaganj C.D.Block using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and Machine learning algorithms along with the field survey dat...The purpose of this work is to assess the soil fertility for Tulaipanji rice cultivation in Kaliyaganj C.D.Block using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and Machine learning algorithms along with the field survey data and GIS.A total of 40 soil samples from Tulaipanji rice fields(from 0 to 40 cm depth)have been randomly collected for the analysis of the soil health condition.For the purpose of assigning ratings to the parameters,ten experts'opinions were taken into account.The final soil fertility map indicates that 18.01%of the land is in excellent health condition to support Tulaipanji cultivation.The artificial neural networks(ANN),support vector machine(SVM),and Bagging models-based suitability analysis was also done using geo-spatial and soil data for Tulaipanji cultivation.Nevertheless,the ANN is the more appropriate model for locational analysis of Tulaipanji cultivation.The ANN-based findings show that areas of 25.8%(77.89 sq.km)are excellent for growing Tulaipanji rice,about 22.01%(66.45 sq.km)are highly suitable,19.84%(59.90 sq.km)are moderately suitable,21.19%(63.97 sq.km)are low suitable and 11.16%(33.69 sq.km)are not suitable for Tulaipanji rice cultivation.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve depicts that the applied models have a high degree of accuracy.This endeavour will aid much in the soil fertility and site suitability assessment that will aid local government officials,academics,and the framers,to utilize the lands in a scientific way.展开更多
This paper is attempted to develop a set of suitable principles and methodologies for urban ecological planning of land use,to analyze the ecological suitability of different kinds of land use patterns of Tianjin City...This paper is attempted to develop a set of suitable principles and methodologies for urban ecological planning of land use,to analyze the ecological suitability of different kinds of land use patterns of Tianjin City, to help local decision makers to work out concrete ecological strategies for promoting a sound development of the city and for improving the life quality of the citizens, and to provide the decision makers with a new approach for solving the environmental problems brought about by the improper mixture of industry and residence.展开更多
Fear of liability from the 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act(CERCLA or Superfund)has prompted developers to build preferentially upon undeveloped green space rather than potentia...Fear of liability from the 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act(CERCLA or Superfund)has prompted developers to build preferentially upon undeveloped green space rather than potentially contaminated former industrial sites,leading to urban sprawl in the suburban areas while blighted properties in the urban core remain vacant.A brownfield is defined as a property in which the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance or contaminant poses a barrier to development.Agencies often create brownfield inventories by performing a site suitability analysis,using distinguishing features such as ecolo-gically and culturally significant areas or neighborhoods that need revitalizing.Pima County,Arizona and the Sonora Environmental Research Institute,Inc.(SERI)developed a brownfield inventory of the large,industrial area directly to the west of Davis-Monthan Air Force Base.Because the brownfield target area has few residential neighborhoods and lacks the distinguish-ing features usually used in a brownfield site suitability analysis,the county and SERI used the official tax assessor database and 11 federal,state and county environmental databases to develop a brownfield inventory.The goal of the project was to prioritize properties that stood to benefit from the grant funding.The final brownfield inventory contained 531 parcels.展开更多
One daunting task faced by waste managers is to appropriately identify safe sites for waste disposal and this study combined expert knowledge, field observations and GIS-based modelbuilder to model and identify suitab...One daunting task faced by waste managers is to appropriately identify safe sites for waste disposal and this study combined expert knowledge, field observations and GIS-based modelbuilder to model and identify suitable dumpsites. Overview of the study area confirmed the random siting of dumpsites that poses threat to environmental safety. Land use and land cover classification produced an overall accuracy of 81.97% with kappa coefficient = 0.78, which was employed in the suitability search criteria. Other key derived parameters vital for safe dumpsite locations were distances to catchment > 100 m, distances to water bodies > 100 m, soil characteristics—clayey, topology (slope of 2 and 4) and geology—Granitoids. The weightings (%) obtained for the key parameters were: water = 32, connection to catchment area = 28, topology = 23, soil = 10 and geology = 7. The exclusion criteria and suitability analysis, based on assigned suitable values from the key weighted parameters in the modelbuilder, produced a map of potential waste disposal sites rating them as most suitable, suitable and less suitable for the Sunyani Municipality. The model for the site identification could be used as a guideline to provide first and quick impression on potential waste disposal sites for stakeholders in waste management. The suitable sites give an indicator for sites with the least possible environmental impact. The study however recommends that for specific locations, further in-depth research be done to suit site-specific conditions in order to improve accuracy.展开更多
Soil plays a critical role in providing various Ecosystem Services (ESs) that are beneficial to humanity. Services such as clean air, water, and food production are directly or indirectly provided through soils. The s...Soil plays a critical role in providing various Ecosystem Services (ESs) that are beneficial to humanity. Services such as clean air, water, and food production are directly or indirectly provided through soils. The soil ecosystem is considered as the most important Carbon (C) sink in terrestrial systems, and human activities, particularly land use, impact ESs and increase carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Mapping ESs and assessing the risks associated with climate-related hydro-meteorological hazards and soil degradation can contribute to making spatial decisions for planning more climate-resilient. Indeed, strategies based on soil ecosystem services provide valuable insight for enhancing the resilience of spatial decision-making in adapting to climate change. The aim of this article is to illuminate the significance of SoES in the spatial planning decision-making for better integration and adaptation into climate change adaptation policies as a decision support tool. In this regard, ESs related to climate change were highlighted and mapped, and their suitability for settlement development decisions and relation with ESs’ integrity were assessed through weighted multi-criteria analysis, while discussing the contributions of this process to climate change adaptation. Incorporating Social-Ecological Systems (SoESs) factors into suitability analysis is crucial for comprehensive urban planning, particularly in the context of climate change adaptation and environmental protection. In this study, two settlement suitability analyses were conducted. The first analysis considered various factors, such as land use, soil classification, DEM (Digital Elevation Model), and slope. The second analysis utilized weighted climate-related SoES indicators, including soil depth, soil carbon sequestration capacity, soil loss, flood risk, temperature, and precipitation. The results revealed that the SoES-based suitability analysis was more stringent in identifying suitable areas for urban development and offered a more holistic perspective for urban planners.展开更多
文摘Additive manufacturing(AM)is a widely applied manufacturing paradigm used for the layer-by-layer fabrica-tion of desired components and objects,especially for those with highly intricate geometry.Extrusion-based AM,which is a subcategory of AM processing technologies,is characterized by the facilitation of controlled and successive deposition of feedstock AM materials through the nozzles of printer heads onto a print bed.Extrusion-based AM processing enables design freedom but offers cost efficiency and process simplicity when compared to other AM categories i.e.liquid-and powder-based AM technologies.The extrusion-based AM process has become increasingly widespread over the last two decades because of the expanding material options that can be used in this technology,and its capacity to be hybridised through the addition of multiple printheads or incorpora-tion into a secondary manufacturing system.Despite the promising aspects of the extrusion-based AM process,increasing demands for customised extrusion-based printed products and an expanding range of extrusion-based AM materials create both material-and process-related challenges that limit the suitability of extrusion-based AM processes for some specific applications.Consequently,the principal objective of this review paper is to conduct a suitability analysis of extrusion-based AM processes.The suitability analysis follows a review and discussion about the extrusion-based AM process,and an assessment of easy-and hard-to-print extrusion-based AM mate-rials.This paper,therefore,provides a comprehensive suitability analysis of each extrusion-based AM process while also providing some promising ideas for improving their current suitability levels.The findings and ratings reported in this paper importantly offers viewpoints that would support better futuristic comparisons between developed and developing extrusion-based AM processes,especially as businesses look to adopt the right AM solutions.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.2022B02032 and Grant No.2023B02024)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32260437).
文摘Solar greenhouses in China have various structural forms.Compared with traditional solar greenhouses,the assembled solar greenhouse is not only simple in construction,convenient and fast in installation,but also improves the utilization efficiency of land and reduces the damage to the soil layer,cleverly achieving the transformation between plastic greenhouses and solar greenhouses.To determine the regions suitable for promoting modular solar greenhouses,this study adopts a combination of actual measurement and simulation methods.Based on Autodesk CFD software,a dynamic thermal model of modular solar greenhouse is established.Predictions and adaptive analysis of indoor temperature field changes at different regions are conducted in the consideration of boundary conditions such as outdoor air temperature,solar radiation on walls,and ground in various regions.The experimental results show that the change trends of measured and simulated values are basically consistent,indicating a high degree of model agreement.The maximum average deviation between the predicted and measured values of indoor air temperature is 1.53℃,the maximum average absolute deviation is 2.52℃,and the maximum root mean square is 3.74℃.The absolute coefficient ranges from 0.84 to 0.92,which indicates that the model can accurately reflect the temperature field distribution and heat exchange situation of the modular solar greenhouse at different times.This study provides a theoretical basis for the application and promotion of modular solar greenhouses and also offers a new research method for suitability simulation analysis of other types of solar greenhouses.
文摘According to the meteorological data in Wenjiang District and the pheno- logical observation data of early Yingui during flowedng period in Chengdu Experi- mental Station of Agricultural Meteorology, using statistical methods, prerequisite and the climatic indicators for the first flowering of early Yingui were obtained. Based on the above conditions, the conditions for the flowering period of O. fragrans in Wenjiang District were analyzed. The conclusion was drawn that the conditions are suitable for blossoms of O. fragrans.
基金partially supported by project 2009DFA13000 funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijing science and technology projects(Z151100003615012,Z151100003115007)+4 种基金Independent research project of State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System(088RAC00YA)Surveying and mapping project of public welfare(201512015)Project of Beijing Excellent Talents(201500002685XG242)National Postdoctoral International Exchange Program(Grant No.20150081)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41101116,41271546)
文摘This paper uses the expected utility under risk hypothesis to develop a new approach to GIS modeling for land use suitability analysis with competitive learning algorithms （CLG-LUSA）. It uses Kohonen＇s Self Organ- ized Maps （SOM） and Linear Vector Quantization （LVQ） among other tools to create comprehensive ordering of high number of options. The model uses decision makers preferred locations and environmental data to construct a manifold of the decision＇s attribute space. Then, decision and uncertainty maps are derived from this manifold. An application example is provided using the selection of suitable environments for coconut development in a mu- nicipality of Cuba. CLG-LUSA model was able to provide accurate visual feedback of key aspects of the decision process, making the methodology suitable for personal or group decision making.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41625001,31660233).
文摘China is the world’s largest consumer of pork and grains.However,African swine fever(ASF)and the COVID-19 outbreak have greatly impacted the pork supply and food security in China.How can food security and the pork supply be ensured under the dual impacts of COVID-19 and ASF?This is a major problem to be urgently solved by the Chinese government.This study indicated that the main pork production and sales areas in China were separated,which reflected the spatial imbalance between the supply and demand.The total area of suitable selected sites for pig farms in China is 21.5 million ha.If only the areas with levels of high and moderate suitability are considered as potential sites for pig farms,the potential pork production can reach 56.1 million tons in China,which is slightly lower than demand.Due to the impact of the ASF epidemic,the food consumed by pigs has been reduced by 34.7 million tons.However,with increasing pork productivity in the future,the self-sufficiency rate of grains may further decline.On the premise that the quality of people’s life is not affected,the diversification of meat supply channels should be realized in an orderly and sustainable way,which might alleviate the pressure on food supply.This study provides a theoretical reference for the spatiotemporal layout of the swine industry and addresses the issue of food security in China under the influence of ASF and the COVID-19 outbreak.
文摘The goal of this study is to assess the ability of existing car washing stations in Khartoum City using an ArcMap suitability modeling tool. Methods: In Khartoum, an increasing number of vehicle wash stations were opened every day. The main criteria are street, the slope, the hospitals, the police station, and the school, which have been used to build a model of suitability based on weight overlay in ArcGIS 10.4. The findings revealed two evaluation tendencies. One tendency involves business centers that are located on main roads but are adjacent to residential areas, while another involves business centers that have rezoned residential plots without consideration for ideal site requirements for the environment. There are locations that would be appropriate for vehicle wash centers, according to the final suitability map. On a scale of 1 to 5, less than 30% of the study area is considered suitable for a new car wash regarding class 5. On the other hand, significant areas are available for car wash development in the second value of suitability 4, but as second-ranked suitability. The assessment was accomplished by comparing the final suitability map of car washing centers to the layers which represented them.
文摘The purpose of this work is to assess the soil fertility for Tulaipanji rice cultivation in Kaliyaganj C.D.Block using the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)and Machine learning algorithms along with the field survey data and GIS.A total of 40 soil samples from Tulaipanji rice fields(from 0 to 40 cm depth)have been randomly collected for the analysis of the soil health condition.For the purpose of assigning ratings to the parameters,ten experts'opinions were taken into account.The final soil fertility map indicates that 18.01%of the land is in excellent health condition to support Tulaipanji cultivation.The artificial neural networks(ANN),support vector machine(SVM),and Bagging models-based suitability analysis was also done using geo-spatial and soil data for Tulaipanji cultivation.Nevertheless,the ANN is the more appropriate model for locational analysis of Tulaipanji cultivation.The ANN-based findings show that areas of 25.8%(77.89 sq.km)are excellent for growing Tulaipanji rice,about 22.01%(66.45 sq.km)are highly suitable,19.84%(59.90 sq.km)are moderately suitable,21.19%(63.97 sq.km)are low suitable and 11.16%(33.69 sq.km)are not suitable for Tulaipanji rice cultivation.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve depicts that the applied models have a high degree of accuracy.This endeavour will aid much in the soil fertility and site suitability assessment that will aid local government officials,academics,and the framers,to utilize the lands in a scientific way.
文摘This paper is attempted to develop a set of suitable principles and methodologies for urban ecological planning of land use,to analyze the ecological suitability of different kinds of land use patterns of Tianjin City, to help local decision makers to work out concrete ecological strategies for promoting a sound development of the city and for improving the life quality of the citizens, and to provide the decision makers with a new approach for solving the environmental problems brought about by the improper mixture of industry and residence.
基金The project was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency through Brownfields Assessment Grant#BF-99T36101 Additional funding was provided by the Sonora Environmental Research Institute,Inc.(SERI).
文摘Fear of liability from the 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response,Compensation,and Liability Act(CERCLA or Superfund)has prompted developers to build preferentially upon undeveloped green space rather than potentially contaminated former industrial sites,leading to urban sprawl in the suburban areas while blighted properties in the urban core remain vacant.A brownfield is defined as a property in which the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance or contaminant poses a barrier to development.Agencies often create brownfield inventories by performing a site suitability analysis,using distinguishing features such as ecolo-gically and culturally significant areas or neighborhoods that need revitalizing.Pima County,Arizona and the Sonora Environmental Research Institute,Inc.(SERI)developed a brownfield inventory of the large,industrial area directly to the west of Davis-Monthan Air Force Base.Because the brownfield target area has few residential neighborhoods and lacks the distinguish-ing features usually used in a brownfield site suitability analysis,the county and SERI used the official tax assessor database and 11 federal,state and county environmental databases to develop a brownfield inventory.The goal of the project was to prioritize properties that stood to benefit from the grant funding.The final brownfield inventory contained 531 parcels.
文摘One daunting task faced by waste managers is to appropriately identify safe sites for waste disposal and this study combined expert knowledge, field observations and GIS-based modelbuilder to model and identify suitable dumpsites. Overview of the study area confirmed the random siting of dumpsites that poses threat to environmental safety. Land use and land cover classification produced an overall accuracy of 81.97% with kappa coefficient = 0.78, which was employed in the suitability search criteria. Other key derived parameters vital for safe dumpsite locations were distances to catchment > 100 m, distances to water bodies > 100 m, soil characteristics—clayey, topology (slope of 2 and 4) and geology—Granitoids. The weightings (%) obtained for the key parameters were: water = 32, connection to catchment area = 28, topology = 23, soil = 10 and geology = 7. The exclusion criteria and suitability analysis, based on assigned suitable values from the key weighted parameters in the modelbuilder, produced a map of potential waste disposal sites rating them as most suitable, suitable and less suitable for the Sunyani Municipality. The model for the site identification could be used as a guideline to provide first and quick impression on potential waste disposal sites for stakeholders in waste management. The suitable sites give an indicator for sites with the least possible environmental impact. The study however recommends that for specific locations, further in-depth research be done to suit site-specific conditions in order to improve accuracy.
文摘Soil plays a critical role in providing various Ecosystem Services (ESs) that are beneficial to humanity. Services such as clean air, water, and food production are directly or indirectly provided through soils. The soil ecosystem is considered as the most important Carbon (C) sink in terrestrial systems, and human activities, particularly land use, impact ESs and increase carbon emissions into the atmosphere. Mapping ESs and assessing the risks associated with climate-related hydro-meteorological hazards and soil degradation can contribute to making spatial decisions for planning more climate-resilient. Indeed, strategies based on soil ecosystem services provide valuable insight for enhancing the resilience of spatial decision-making in adapting to climate change. The aim of this article is to illuminate the significance of SoES in the spatial planning decision-making for better integration and adaptation into climate change adaptation policies as a decision support tool. In this regard, ESs related to climate change were highlighted and mapped, and their suitability for settlement development decisions and relation with ESs’ integrity were assessed through weighted multi-criteria analysis, while discussing the contributions of this process to climate change adaptation. Incorporating Social-Ecological Systems (SoESs) factors into suitability analysis is crucial for comprehensive urban planning, particularly in the context of climate change adaptation and environmental protection. In this study, two settlement suitability analyses were conducted. The first analysis considered various factors, such as land use, soil classification, DEM (Digital Elevation Model), and slope. The second analysis utilized weighted climate-related SoES indicators, including soil depth, soil carbon sequestration capacity, soil loss, flood risk, temperature, and precipitation. The results revealed that the SoES-based suitability analysis was more stringent in identifying suitable areas for urban development and offered a more holistic perspective for urban planners.
