Dear Editor,I am Dr. Feng Hu, from the Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China. I write to present a case report of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in Good’s syndrome (GS).GS is an ex...Dear Editor,I am Dr. Feng Hu, from the Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China. I write to present a case report of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in Good’s syndrome (GS).GS is an extremely rare primary immune-deficiency syndrome,which consists of simultaneous occurrence of展开更多
Entering in the month of November,Zhuhai—the sea-side garden city was full of exitement and activity.Marlboro Zhuhai International Automobile Race and ’96 ChinaInternational Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition were ...Entering in the month of November,Zhuhai—the sea-side garden city was full of exitement and activity.Marlboro Zhuhai International Automobile Race and ’96 ChinaInternational Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition were closedon the 4th and 10th of November respectively.vips fromvarious places of the world and over 1300 Chinese andforeign news reporters gathered in Zhuhai,and news bulletinswere released through various big medias.Automobile Race,Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition and the closely followedZhuhai International Movie Festival became Zhuhai’s acceler-ated velocity of advancing towards the world!It is said that starting from now and up to the year of2014,China will import 1320 aeroplanes with an amount of100 billion US dollars.Such a huge market is very seldomhappened in the world.President of Boeing Company,Chair-展开更多
With the recent advance in chemical modification of fullerenes,electrosynthesis has demonstrated increasing importance in regioselective synthesis of novel fullerene derivatives.Herein,we report successively regiosele...With the recent advance in chemical modification of fullerenes,electrosynthesis has demonstrated increasing importance in regioselective synthesis of novel fullerene derivatives.Herein,we report successively regioselective synthesis of stable tetra-and hexafunctionalized[60]fullerene derivatives.The cycloaddition reaction of the electrochemically generated dianions from[60]fulleroindolines with phthaloyl chloride regioselectively affords 1,2,4,17-functionalized[60]fullerene derivatives with two attached ketone groups and a unique addition pattern,where the heterocycle is rearranged to a[5,6]-junction and the carbocycle is fused to an adjacent[6,6]-junction.This addition pattern is in sharp contrast with that of the previously reported biscycloadducts,where both cycles are appended to[6,6]-junctions.The obtained tetrafunctionalized compounds can be successively manipulated to 1,2,3,4,9,10-functionalized[60]fullerene derivatives with an intriguing“S”-shaped configuration via a novel electrochemical protonation.Importantly,the stability of tetrafunctionalized[60]fullerene products allows them to be applied in planar perovskite solar cells as efficient electron transport layers.展开更多
During the initial impoundment period of a canyon-shaped reservoir,the water body fluctuated violently regarding water level,hydrological condition,and thermal stratification.These variations may alter the structure o...During the initial impoundment period of a canyon-shaped reservoir,the water body fluctuated violently regarding water level,hydrological condition,and thermal stratification.These variations may alter the structure of phytoplankton community,resulting in algal blooms and seriously threatening the ecological security of the reservoir.It is of great significance to understand the continuous changes of phytoplankton in the initial impoundment period for the protection of reservoir water quality.Therefore,a two-year in-situ monitoring study was conducted on water quality and phytoplankton in a representative canyonshaped reservoir named Sanhekou and the interannual changes of phytoplankton community and its response to environmental changes during the initial impoundment period were discussed at taxonomic versus functional classification levels.The results showed that the total nitrogen and permanganate index levels were relatively high in the first year due to rapid water storage and heavy rainfall input,and the more stable hydrological conditions in the second year promoted the increase of algae density and the transformation of community,and the proportion of cyanobacteria increased significantly.The succession order of phytoplankton in the first year of the initial impoundment periodwas Chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta,or J/F/X1-P/MP/W1-A/X1/MP,respectively.And the succession order in the second year was Cyanobacteria/Chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta,or L_(M)/G/P-P/A/X1-X1/J/G.Water temperature,relativewater column stability,mixing depth,and pHwere crucial factors affecting phytoplankton community succession.This study revealed the interannual succession law and driving factors of phytoplankton in the initial impoundment period and provided an important reference for the operation management and ecological protection of canyon-shaped reservoirs.展开更多
In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering...In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering correction(MSC)-maximum-minimum normalization(MN)was identified as the optimal preprocessing technique.The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),successive projections algorithm(SPA),and their combined methods were employed to extract feature wavelengths.Classification models based on back propagation(BP),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and partial least squares(PLS)were established using full-band data and feature wavelengths.Among all models,the(CARS-SPA)-BP model achieved the highest accuracy rate of 98.44%.This study offers novel insights and methodologies for the rapid and accurate identification of corn seeds as well as other crop seeds.展开更多
When the dominant species in a plant community are palatable,many believe that large herbivores will reduce the dominant species and promote the proportion of previously suppressed species.However,this view may not al...When the dominant species in a plant community are palatable,many believe that large herbivores will reduce the dominant species and promote the proportion of previously suppressed species.However,this view may not always hold true.We conducted a 4-year yak grazing experiment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and tracked the plant compositions of the rotational grazing(RG)and grazing exclusion(GE)grasslands during the four years.The results showed that in the absence of yaks under GE,the plant community was dominated by two palatable species,Kobresia pygmaea and Stipa capillata,due to their small leaf area and rapid growth strategy.The presence of yaks under RG significantly inhibited S.capillata and over half of the forbs,while the proportion of K.pygmaea increased and it became the absolute dominant species,contradicting the view that large herbivores inhibit palatable species.Interannually,the dominance of K.pygmaea under RG decreased in the dry year,leading to an increase in the dominance of the other eight species.Under GE,the dominance of K.pygmaea declined notably in the dry year,while S.capillata and seven other forbs increased substantially.Overall,these results suggest that K.pygmaea is grazing-tolerant but not drought-tolerant,whereas the other eight species are drought-tolerant but not grazingtolerant.At the community level,community composition shifts resulting from succession after grazing exclusion exceeded those caused by drought,drought tends to induce community species turnover while grazing tends to induce species abundance variations.In summary,our conclusions remind ranch managers that when considering the impact of livestock on plant community composition,they should factor in local conditions and climate change rather than simply assuming that livestock will suppress the palatable species.展开更多
Numerous hypotheses predict associations between phenotype-associated breeder traits and reproductive success.In secondary cavity-nesting passerine birds,which have been investigated most,up to more than 90parental ch...Numerous hypotheses predict associations between phenotype-associated breeder traits and reproductive success.In secondary cavity-nesting passerine birds,which have been investigated most,up to more than 90parental characteristics have been linked to at least one field measure of breeding performance.However,within study populations,different parental traits,such as clutch size,first-egg date,egg size,nest architecture,plumage colour,adult morphometry,or song performance,are often weakly correlated across female and/or male breeders.Furthermore,many of these studies have been conducted outside the theoretical framework of the'Individual Optimisation Hypothesis' of clutch size(IOH).IOH predicts that:(i) females with larger clutches will have larger broods at hatching and fledging compared to those with smaller clutches;and(ii) clutch size,which is adaptively adjusted to the parents' ability to rear nestlings,should always maximize the percentage of eggs producing fledglings so that variation in clutch size becomes disconnected from variation in breeding success.In this paper,we present the first detailed review of implications of IOH for parental characters other than clutch size.Our review covered 188 non-experimental studies and 1074 statistical results that examined how parental traits influence breeding success in Western Palearctic Great Tits(Parus major),Blue Tits(Cyanistes spp.),and flycatchers(Ficedula spp.).Clutch size explained one third of the variation in brood size at hatching and fledging within study populations.However,most parental characteristics associated weakly with the number of hatchlings or fledglings,likely because they did not correlate with clutch size.Overall,parental traits were poorly correlated with the proportion of hatchlings and fledglings per egg.We discuss why intraspecific variation in phenotype-associated breeder traits is often disconnected from interindividual differences in breeding success,and highlight the importance of underexplored research problems in avian breeding biology.展开更多
AIM:To review the success rates and complications of interventions for functional epiphora in adults.METHODS:A systematic review of English-language articles from the electronic databases PubMed,SCOPUS,and Google Scho...AIM:To review the success rates and complications of interventions for functional epiphora in adults.METHODS:A systematic review of English-language articles from the electronic databases PubMed,SCOPUS,and Google Scholar.The primary outcome was subjective resolution or improvement of epiphora symptoms.Secondary outcomes were treatment-related adverse events.Subjects above 18 years of age who underwent surgical or non-surgical treatment for functional epiphora(exhibited symptoms of epiphora with a patent lacrimal system)were included.Articles were excluded if they were 1)case reports;2)abstract only studies;3)published in a language other than English.Data extraction was performed independently by two authors.The Effective Public Health Practice Project checklist was used for quality assessment of the included studies.RESULTS:A total of 762 articles were identified;28 met the study criteria.Most studies employed silicone tube intubation alone or as an adjuvant procedure to dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR).Other interventions included lacrimal probing,balloon dacryoplasty,lateral tarsal strip and botulinum toxin A.DCR had the highest success rate,as well as the longest mean follow-up time.Complications were minor,transient,and mostly stent-related.CONCLUSION:This updated systematic review on the success rates of interventions for functional epiphora in adults proposes the following management algorithm.Dacryocystography(DCG)should be performed in all patients with functional epiphora.If DCG is abnormal,we advocate DCR.If DCG is normal,proceed with dacryoscintigraphy(DSG).We perform DCR for post-sac delay on DSG and lateral tarsal strip for pre-sac delay.Botulinum toxin A is an off-label,short-term treatment option in those with normal DSG.展开更多
Background:Medical laboratory diagnostic services play a critical role in the diagnosis,treatment,and manage-ment of diseases,forming the cornerstone of effective healthcare systems.Despite the crucial role of laborat...Background:Medical laboratory diagnostic services play a critical role in the diagnosis,treatment,and manage-ment of diseases,forming the cornerstone of effective healthcare systems.Despite the crucial role of laboratory services,the quality and accessibility of medical laboratory services in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)face signifi-cant challenges.Global health development aid has been pivotal in supporting SSA laboratory services.This study aimed to examine global health development aid initiatives that have successfully enhanced the quality of medical laboratory services and the challenges and barriers to effectively improving medical laboratory services through global health development aid in SSA.Methods:We used a narrative review study design.We searched PubMed,Web of Science and Scopus for articles published in the last 15 years.These three databases are generally considered premier databases for peer-reviewed articles in global health,public health,health systems,and biomedical sciences.The inclusion criteria for this review included research studies,reports,and grey literature.Only articles published in English from 2010 on-ward were considered.The analysis followed a qualitative approach,emphasizing thematic synthesis and critical interpretation.Results:Forty articles were included in this study.Of these,18 were primary research studies,11 were reports,7 were commentaries,and 4 were reviews.Five sub-themes from the successful global health development aid initiative themes were capacity building and training programs,infrastructure development,partnership models,policy advocacy and regulatory support,quality control and standardization of laboratory services.The sub-themes from the challenges and barrier theme were insufficient funding and resource allocation,human resource constraints,inadequate infrastructure and equipment,and political and institutional barriers.This review re-vealed that several factors,including financial sustainability,human resource capacity,institutional support,resilience,and effective monitoring systems,shape the sustainability of improvements in medical laboratory services in SSA.Conclusion:Achieving long-term sustainability requires strategies that ensure financial self-sufficiency,foster a skilled and stable workforce,and integrate laboratory services into national health frameworks.展开更多
At the Konza Technopolis,the hum of computers signals a new era for Kenyan youth.Here,amidst the rhythmic tapping of keyboards,they learn master coding,artificial intelligence,and cloud computing within this flagship ...At the Konza Technopolis,the hum of computers signals a new era for Kenyan youth.Here,amidst the rhythmic tapping of keyboards,they learn master coding,artificial intelligence,and cloud computing within this flagship project of the Kenya government,60 km from Nairobi,dubbed the“Silicon Savannah,”and developing as a Science Park and Area of Innovation.展开更多
Startups form an information network that reflects their growth trajectories through information flow channels established by shared investors.However,traditional static network metrics overlook temporal dynamics and ...Startups form an information network that reflects their growth trajectories through information flow channels established by shared investors.However,traditional static network metrics overlook temporal dynamics and rely on single indicators to assess startups’roles in predicting future success,failing to comprehensively capture topological variations and structural diversity.To address these limitations,we construct a temporal information network using 14547 investment records from 1013 global blockchain startups between 2004 and 2020,sourced from Crunchbase.We propose two dynamic methods to characterize the information flow:temporal random walk(sTRW)for modeling information flow trajectories and temporal betweenness centrality(tTBET)for identifying key information hubs.These methods enhance walk coverage while ensuring random stability,allowing for more effective identification of influential startups.By integrating sTRW and tTBET,we develop a comprehensive metric to evaluate a startup’s influence within the network.In experiments assessing startups’potential for future success—where successful startups are defined as those that have undergone M&A or IPO—incorporating this metric improves accuracy,recall,and F1 score by 0.035,0.035,and 0.042,respectively.Our findings indicate that information flow from key startups to others diminishes as the network distance increases.Additionally,successful startups generally exhibit higher information inflows than outflows,suggesting that actively seeking investment-related information contributes to startup growth.Our research provides valuable insights for formulating startup development strategies and offers practical guidance for market regulators.展开更多
Over the last century,the Mediterranean basin has been widely affected by the abandonment of farming activities,leading to a natural succession towards forested ecosystems.This process is resulting in a carbon(C)stock...Over the last century,the Mediterranean basin has been widely affected by the abandonment of farming activities,leading to a natural succession towards forested ecosystems.This process is resulting in a carbon(C)stock increase at an ecosystem level,often assessed through the measurement of aboveground biomass,while the contribution of soil organic carbon(SOC)remains unclear.We investigated C changes caused by secondary succession on previously grazed areas in central Italy,specifically focusing on the SOC pool.The natural succession is described through a chronosequence approach over four successional stages:pastures,shrublands,young and mature forests.Eight replicates per stage were studied,and C stock was estimated in the mineral soil down to a 30-cm depth,and in all other ecosystem C pools:aboveground and belowground biomass,deadwood and litter.In the mature forests,SOC stock was significantly higher(p<0.05)than in pastures by 40±8 Mg ha^(-1),corresponding to 28%of the total ecosystem C stock gain.The same trend was observed for aboveground biomass,the pool that increased the most(62±23 Mg ha^(-1)),with a 43%contribution to total ecosystem gain.Our results point to a substantial contribution of SOC to overall C stock during secondary succession in Mediterranean ecosystems.展开更多
Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP)systems play a pivotal role in modern organizations by integrating business processes,enhancing operational efficiency,and supporting decision-making.Evaluating the success of ERP impl...Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP)systems play a pivotal role in modern organizations by integrating business processes,enhancing operational efficiency,and supporting decision-making.Evaluating the success of ERP implementations remains a critical challenge for both researchers and practitioners.The DeLone&McLean(D&M)Information Systems(IS)Success Model has been widely adopted as a theoretical framework to assess ERP success,yet its application in dynamic and evolving technological landscapes requires further examination.This systematic review synthesizes empirical studies from 2017 to 2024 that apply the D&M Model to evaluate ERP system success.The study aims to:(1)identify key trends in the application of the D&M Model across different organizational and technological contexts,(2)analyze the most influential success factors-system quality,information quality,service quality,user satisfaction,use,and net benefits-and their interrelationships,and(3)highlight emerging challenges and opportunities for refining the model in ERP research.Findings reveal that while the D&M Model provides a robust foundation for assessing ERP success,contextual factors such as organizational climate,leadership support,and mandatory vs.voluntary usage significantly influence outcomes.Additionally,advancements in digital transformation,AI,and cloud-based ERP systems introduce new dimensions that the traditional model may not fully capture.The review also identifies gaps in longitudinal studies and cross-cultural validations of the D&M Model in ERP settings.Based on the analysis,this paper proposes an enhanced framework that integrates dynamic moderators and post-implementation metrics to better align the D&M Model with contemporary ERP environments.The study contributes to IS literature by offering a comprehensive evaluation of the D&M Model’s applicability and limitations in ERP research,while providing actionable insights for organizations seeking to optimize ERP success.展开更多
Seasonal variation in phytoplankton composition influences the pathways and efficiency of energy flow,reshaping the structure of the trophic pyramid in the Ross Sea.However,field investigation of grazing processes pre...Seasonal variation in phytoplankton composition influences the pathways and efficiency of energy flow,reshaping the structure of the trophic pyramid in the Ross Sea.However,field investigation of grazing processes presents challenges that hinder our understanding of energy pathways.This study aims to provide insights into energy flow using a three-dimensional ecosystem model applied to the Ross Sea.By analyzing the simulation results,the role of the seasonal phytoplankton succession,specifically the shift from dominance by Phaeocystis antarctica to diatoms,in energy allocation is explored.The short-lived spring bloom of P.antarctica mainly fuels microzooplankton,creating a brief food chain where energy transfers primarily among smaller plankton.In contrast,the subsequent summer bloom of diatoms,which persists longer,provides nearly half of the total phytoplankton energy loss(via ingestion and mortality)to larger mesozooplankton.Our findings indicate that phytoplankton succession in the Ross Sea extends the bloom duration,particularly for diatoms,thereby facilitating energy transfer to higher trophic levels and improving overall energy utilization.This suggests that phytoplankton succession,an ecological strategy adapted to iron-deficient environments in the Ross Sea,explains why the colder region in front of the Ross Ice Shelf is significantly more productive than the northern areas,ultimately favored by top predators.展开更多
Little Terns Sternula albifrons are estuarine birds extensively using increasingly urbanized coastal areas.Given the increased exposure of these ecosystems to anthropogenic activities,it is crucial to study the ecolog...Little Terns Sternula albifrons are estuarine birds extensively using increasingly urbanized coastal areas.Given the increased exposure of these ecosystems to anthropogenic activities,it is crucial to study the ecology of this species and interactions with human stressors to establish management measures.We collected regurgitates(n=182)and blood samples(n=48)to study Little Terns’diet,health condition and isotopic niche,and individually tracked breeding adults(n=9,during 2021 and 2022)at 2 sandy beaches 21 km apart and located within Ria Formosa Natural Park,Algarve,Portugal.Although both areas are adjacent to foraging coastal marine areas and an estuarine lagoon system with saltpans,they differ in human disturbance.We also compared breeding success and adult health measures between these 2 colonies.The main prey for both populations were Sand Smelts Atherina spp.and Gobies Pomatoschistus spp.,and no differences in δ^(13)C and δ^(15)N stable isotopic values between colonies were found.Tracking data revealed that individuals foraged in the surroundings of their breeding colonies.Entrance Channels and Ocean were the most frequently used habitats for foraging by individuals from the less disturbed colony.Adults from the more disturbed colony foraged mostly in Entrance Channels.Overall,all individuals tended to forage during daytime.There were no differences in health measures of individuals between colonies,though breeding success at the most disturbed colony was comparably lower.It is important to protect both breeding areas and adjacent foraging habitats for Little Terns,particularly given the expected increasing pressure from human activities on coastal areas worldwide.展开更多
Plants and their interaction partners offer unparalleled views of evolutionary ecology.Nectar larceny,entailing nectar extraction without pollinating,is thought to be an example of a harmful,antagonistic behavior,but ...Plants and their interaction partners offer unparalleled views of evolutionary ecology.Nectar larceny,entailing nectar extraction without pollinating,is thought to be an example of a harmful,antagonistic behavior,but the precise consequences of floral larceny on plant reproductive success remain contentious.We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 153 studies across 120 plant species,using 14 moderators to assess the effects of floral larceny on plant reproductive success and examine the key moderators.We found that floral larceny negatively impacts flower traits,pollinator visitation,pollen deposition,and fruit set,while having a neutral effect on critical female fitness indicators,such as seed set and seed quality,as well as on male fitness.By altering pollinator behavior,floral larceny may reduce geitonogamy,potentially enhancing genetic diversity.Additionally,factors such as pollinator type,plant mating system,and pollen limitation were identified as key moderators of these effects.Our analysis reveals an ultimately neutral effect of floral larceny on plant reproductive success,with potential benefits in certain contexts.These findings suggest that floral larceny plays a complex and multifaceted role within plant-pollinator interactions,facilitating the evolutionary stability and coexistence of floral larcenists and host plants.展开更多
Under the background of exam-oriented education in China,art education has been marginalized,and the career success of junior middle school art teachers is being challenged.The influencing factors have become a topic ...Under the background of exam-oriented education in China,art education has been marginalized,and the career success of junior middle school art teachers is being challenged.The influencing factors have become a topic worthy of exploration.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the influence on career success and career self-development among junior middle school art teachers in Shenzhen,China.This study conducted a questionnaire survey among junior middle school art teachers in Shenzhen,China.The results show that career self-management affects the career success of art teachers.On this basis,this study proposes some strategies to help the group of art teachers achieve higher career success by improving their career self-management levels.展开更多
In natural ecosystems,the timely abscission of seeds in wild plants is a crucial adaptive trait that contributes to reproductive success,population renewal,and colony expansion(Thurber et al.2010).In contrast,the tend...In natural ecosystems,the timely abscission of seeds in wild plants is a crucial adaptive trait that contributes to reproductive success,population renewal,and colony expansion(Thurber et al.2010).In contrast,the tendency for high seed shattering in domesticated crops,such as rice,not only reduces paddy yield but also complicates mechanized harvesting.展开更多
Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)constitutes 90%of oral tumors.Advanced cases severely impair patients'life quality of life due to anatomical location and limited therapies.Conventional treatments often induce dr...Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)constitutes 90%of oral tumors.Advanced cases severely impair patients'life quality of life due to anatomical location and limited therapies.Conventional treatments often induce drug resistance or recurrence.Patientderived xenograft(PDX)models are widely used to simulate tumor progression and drug responses,serving as translational tools for precision medicine.This study aimed to establish drug-resistant OSCC PDX models.Human OSCC tissues were transplanted into immunodeficient mice and passaged(P1–P2).At P2(tumor volume:40–80 mm^(3)),mice received cisplatin(1 mg/kg,three times/week)with cetuximab(1 mg/kg,weekly),GSK690693(10 mg/kg,five times/week),or rapamycin(4 mg/kg,five times/week).PDX tissues from groups with less-therapeutic response(manifested as larger tumor volumes)were serially passaged to assess treatment efficacy.Tumor tissues with diminished drug sensitivity underwent histopathological analysis and identified stability of their tumor characteristics using hematoxylin–eosin(HE)and immunohistochemical staining after one additional passage and retreatment.Results demonstrated that successive passaging accelerates tumor growth.First-generation treatments showed universal sensitivity.At P2,cisplatin–cetuximab and rapamycin groups remained sensitive,whereas GSK690693 efficacy declined.Continued passaging of GSK690693-treated tumors confirmed resistance,as evidenced by exhibiting enhanced malignant characteristics at histological level.The GSK690693-resistant model was established first,whereas resistant models of other treatment groups were established according to similar protocols.These findings suggest that sequential passaging and drug exposure in PDX models recapitulated clinical tumor evolution,enabling the development of drug-resistant OSCC models.This study can offer methodological insights for precision therapy of OSCC.展开更多
基金Supported by the Capital Health Research and Development of Special(No.SF-2018-2-1081)
文摘Dear Editor,I am Dr. Feng Hu, from the Department of Ophthalmology of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Beijing, China. I write to present a case report of cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR) in Good’s syndrome (GS).GS is an extremely rare primary immune-deficiency syndrome,which consists of simultaneous occurrence of
文摘Entering in the month of November,Zhuhai—the sea-side garden city was full of exitement and activity.Marlboro Zhuhai International Automobile Race and ’96 ChinaInternational Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition were closedon the 4th and 10th of November respectively.vips fromvarious places of the world and over 1300 Chinese andforeign news reporters gathered in Zhuhai,and news bulletinswere released through various big medias.Automobile Race,Aviation & Aerospace Exhibition and the closely followedZhuhai International Movie Festival became Zhuhai’s acceler-ated velocity of advancing towards the world!It is said that starting from now and up to the year of2014,China will import 1320 aeroplanes with an amount of100 billion US dollars.Such a huge market is very seldomhappened in the world.President of Boeing Company,Chair-
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21572211,51572254)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB20000000)the National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research(2017YFA0402800).
文摘With the recent advance in chemical modification of fullerenes,electrosynthesis has demonstrated increasing importance in regioselective synthesis of novel fullerene derivatives.Herein,we report successively regioselective synthesis of stable tetra-and hexafunctionalized[60]fullerene derivatives.The cycloaddition reaction of the electrochemically generated dianions from[60]fulleroindolines with phthaloyl chloride regioselectively affords 1,2,4,17-functionalized[60]fullerene derivatives with two attached ketone groups and a unique addition pattern,where the heterocycle is rearranged to a[5,6]-junction and the carbocycle is fused to an adjacent[6,6]-junction.This addition pattern is in sharp contrast with that of the previously reported biscycloadducts,where both cycles are appended to[6,6]-junctions.The obtained tetrafunctionalized compounds can be successively manipulated to 1,2,3,4,9,10-functionalized[60]fullerene derivatives with an intriguing“S”-shaped configuration via a novel electrochemical protonation.Importantly,the stability of tetrafunctionalized[60]fullerene products allows them to be applied in planar perovskite solar cells as efficient electron transport layers.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3203602)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52370018)+1 种基金Shaanxi Provincial Youth Innovation Team Project(No.22JP040)Shaanxi Provincial Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team(No.2023-CX-TD-32).
文摘During the initial impoundment period of a canyon-shaped reservoir,the water body fluctuated violently regarding water level,hydrological condition,and thermal stratification.These variations may alter the structure of phytoplankton community,resulting in algal blooms and seriously threatening the ecological security of the reservoir.It is of great significance to understand the continuous changes of phytoplankton in the initial impoundment period for the protection of reservoir water quality.Therefore,a two-year in-situ monitoring study was conducted on water quality and phytoplankton in a representative canyonshaped reservoir named Sanhekou and the interannual changes of phytoplankton community and its response to environmental changes during the initial impoundment period were discussed at taxonomic versus functional classification levels.The results showed that the total nitrogen and permanganate index levels were relatively high in the first year due to rapid water storage and heavy rainfall input,and the more stable hydrological conditions in the second year promoted the increase of algae density and the transformation of community,and the proportion of cyanobacteria increased significantly.The succession order of phytoplankton in the first year of the initial impoundment periodwas Chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta,or J/F/X1-P/MP/W1-A/X1/MP,respectively.And the succession order in the second year was Cyanobacteria/Chlorophyta-Bacillariophyta-Chlorophyta,or L_(M)/G/P-P/A/X1-X1/J/G.Water temperature,relativewater column stability,mixing depth,and pHwere crucial factors affecting phytoplankton community succession.This study revealed the interannual succession law and driving factors of phytoplankton in the initial impoundment period and provided an important reference for the operation management and ecological protection of canyon-shaped reservoirs.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology (No.20220203112S)the Jilin Provincial Department of Education Science and Technology Research Project (No.JJKH20210039KJ)。
文摘In this study,eight different varieties of maize seeds were used as the research objects.Conduct 81 types of combined preprocessing on the original spectra.Through comparison,Savitzky-Golay(SG)-multivariate scattering correction(MSC)-maximum-minimum normalization(MN)was identified as the optimal preprocessing technique.The competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS),successive projections algorithm(SPA),and their combined methods were employed to extract feature wavelengths.Classification models based on back propagation(BP),support vector machine(SVM),random forest(RF),and partial least squares(PLS)were established using full-band data and feature wavelengths.Among all models,the(CARS-SPA)-BP model achieved the highest accuracy rate of 98.44%.This study offers novel insights and methodologies for the rapid and accurate identification of corn seeds as well as other crop seeds.
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101315 and 32101326)the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFE0112400)+2 种基金the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program,China(2019QZKK0307)the HighLevel Talent Research Start-Up Project of Chongqing Technology and Business University,China(950319097)the Scientific and Technological Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission,China(KJQN202100827)。
文摘When the dominant species in a plant community are palatable,many believe that large herbivores will reduce the dominant species and promote the proportion of previously suppressed species.However,this view may not always hold true.We conducted a 4-year yak grazing experiment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and tracked the plant compositions of the rotational grazing(RG)and grazing exclusion(GE)grasslands during the four years.The results showed that in the absence of yaks under GE,the plant community was dominated by two palatable species,Kobresia pygmaea and Stipa capillata,due to their small leaf area and rapid growth strategy.The presence of yaks under RG significantly inhibited S.capillata and over half of the forbs,while the proportion of K.pygmaea increased and it became the absolute dominant species,contradicting the view that large herbivores inhibit palatable species.Interannually,the dominance of K.pygmaea under RG decreased in the dry year,leading to an increase in the dominance of the other eight species.Under GE,the dominance of K.pygmaea declined notably in the dry year,while S.capillata and seven other forbs increased substantially.Overall,these results suggest that K.pygmaea is grazing-tolerant but not drought-tolerant,whereas the other eight species are drought-tolerant but not grazingtolerant.At the community level,community composition shifts resulting from succession after grazing exclusion exceeded those caused by drought,drought tends to induce community species turnover while grazing tends to induce species abundance variations.In summary,our conclusions remind ranch managers that when considering the impact of livestock on plant community composition,they should factor in local conditions and climate change rather than simply assuming that livestock will suppress the palatable species.
文摘Numerous hypotheses predict associations between phenotype-associated breeder traits and reproductive success.In secondary cavity-nesting passerine birds,which have been investigated most,up to more than 90parental characteristics have been linked to at least one field measure of breeding performance.However,within study populations,different parental traits,such as clutch size,first-egg date,egg size,nest architecture,plumage colour,adult morphometry,or song performance,are often weakly correlated across female and/or male breeders.Furthermore,many of these studies have been conducted outside the theoretical framework of the'Individual Optimisation Hypothesis' of clutch size(IOH).IOH predicts that:(i) females with larger clutches will have larger broods at hatching and fledging compared to those with smaller clutches;and(ii) clutch size,which is adaptively adjusted to the parents' ability to rear nestlings,should always maximize the percentage of eggs producing fledglings so that variation in clutch size becomes disconnected from variation in breeding success.In this paper,we present the first detailed review of implications of IOH for parental characters other than clutch size.Our review covered 188 non-experimental studies and 1074 statistical results that examined how parental traits influence breeding success in Western Palearctic Great Tits(Parus major),Blue Tits(Cyanistes spp.),and flycatchers(Ficedula spp.).Clutch size explained one third of the variation in brood size at hatching and fledging within study populations.However,most parental characteristics associated weakly with the number of hatchlings or fledglings,likely because they did not correlate with clutch size.Overall,parental traits were poorly correlated with the proportion of hatchlings and fledglings per egg.We discuss why intraspecific variation in phenotype-associated breeder traits is often disconnected from interindividual differences in breeding success,and highlight the importance of underexplored research problems in avian breeding biology.
文摘AIM:To review the success rates and complications of interventions for functional epiphora in adults.METHODS:A systematic review of English-language articles from the electronic databases PubMed,SCOPUS,and Google Scholar.The primary outcome was subjective resolution or improvement of epiphora symptoms.Secondary outcomes were treatment-related adverse events.Subjects above 18 years of age who underwent surgical or non-surgical treatment for functional epiphora(exhibited symptoms of epiphora with a patent lacrimal system)were included.Articles were excluded if they were 1)case reports;2)abstract only studies;3)published in a language other than English.Data extraction was performed independently by two authors.The Effective Public Health Practice Project checklist was used for quality assessment of the included studies.RESULTS:A total of 762 articles were identified;28 met the study criteria.Most studies employed silicone tube intubation alone or as an adjuvant procedure to dacryocystorhinostomy(DCR).Other interventions included lacrimal probing,balloon dacryoplasty,lateral tarsal strip and botulinum toxin A.DCR had the highest success rate,as well as the longest mean follow-up time.Complications were minor,transient,and mostly stent-related.CONCLUSION:This updated systematic review on the success rates of interventions for functional epiphora in adults proposes the following management algorithm.Dacryocystography(DCG)should be performed in all patients with functional epiphora.If DCG is abnormal,we advocate DCR.If DCG is normal,proceed with dacryoscintigraphy(DSG).We perform DCR for post-sac delay on DSG and lateral tarsal strip for pre-sac delay.Botulinum toxin A is an off-label,short-term treatment option in those with normal DSG.
文摘Background:Medical laboratory diagnostic services play a critical role in the diagnosis,treatment,and manage-ment of diseases,forming the cornerstone of effective healthcare systems.Despite the crucial role of laboratory services,the quality and accessibility of medical laboratory services in sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)face signifi-cant challenges.Global health development aid has been pivotal in supporting SSA laboratory services.This study aimed to examine global health development aid initiatives that have successfully enhanced the quality of medical laboratory services and the challenges and barriers to effectively improving medical laboratory services through global health development aid in SSA.Methods:We used a narrative review study design.We searched PubMed,Web of Science and Scopus for articles published in the last 15 years.These three databases are generally considered premier databases for peer-reviewed articles in global health,public health,health systems,and biomedical sciences.The inclusion criteria for this review included research studies,reports,and grey literature.Only articles published in English from 2010 on-ward were considered.The analysis followed a qualitative approach,emphasizing thematic synthesis and critical interpretation.Results:Forty articles were included in this study.Of these,18 were primary research studies,11 were reports,7 were commentaries,and 4 were reviews.Five sub-themes from the successful global health development aid initiative themes were capacity building and training programs,infrastructure development,partnership models,policy advocacy and regulatory support,quality control and standardization of laboratory services.The sub-themes from the challenges and barrier theme were insufficient funding and resource allocation,human resource constraints,inadequate infrastructure and equipment,and political and institutional barriers.This review re-vealed that several factors,including financial sustainability,human resource capacity,institutional support,resilience,and effective monitoring systems,shape the sustainability of improvements in medical laboratory services in SSA.Conclusion:Achieving long-term sustainability requires strategies that ensure financial self-sufficiency,foster a skilled and stable workforce,and integrate laboratory services into national health frameworks.
文摘At the Konza Technopolis,the hum of computers signals a new era for Kenyan youth.Here,amidst the rhythmic tapping of keyboards,they learn master coding,artificial intelligence,and cloud computing within this flagship project of the Kenya government,60 km from Nairobi,dubbed the“Silicon Savannah,”and developing as a Science Park and Area of Innovation.
基金the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42001236,71991481,and 71991480)Young Elite Scientist Sponsor-ship Program by Bast(Grant No.BYESS2023413)。
文摘Startups form an information network that reflects their growth trajectories through information flow channels established by shared investors.However,traditional static network metrics overlook temporal dynamics and rely on single indicators to assess startups’roles in predicting future success,failing to comprehensively capture topological variations and structural diversity.To address these limitations,we construct a temporal information network using 14547 investment records from 1013 global blockchain startups between 2004 and 2020,sourced from Crunchbase.We propose two dynamic methods to characterize the information flow:temporal random walk(sTRW)for modeling information flow trajectories and temporal betweenness centrality(tTBET)for identifying key information hubs.These methods enhance walk coverage while ensuring random stability,allowing for more effective identification of influential startups.By integrating sTRW and tTBET,we develop a comprehensive metric to evaluate a startup’s influence within the network.In experiments assessing startups’potential for future success—where successful startups are defined as those that have undergone M&A or IPO—incorporating this metric improves accuracy,recall,and F1 score by 0.035,0.035,and 0.042,respectively.Our findings indicate that information flow from key startups to others diminishes as the network distance increases.Additionally,successful startups generally exhibit higher information inflows than outflows,suggesting that actively seeking investment-related information contributes to startup growth.Our research provides valuable insights for formulating startup development strategies and offers practical guidance for market regulators.
基金supported by the European Union-Next Generation EU,Mission 4 Component 2 CUP J83 C22000860007.
文摘Over the last century,the Mediterranean basin has been widely affected by the abandonment of farming activities,leading to a natural succession towards forested ecosystems.This process is resulting in a carbon(C)stock increase at an ecosystem level,often assessed through the measurement of aboveground biomass,while the contribution of soil organic carbon(SOC)remains unclear.We investigated C changes caused by secondary succession on previously grazed areas in central Italy,specifically focusing on the SOC pool.The natural succession is described through a chronosequence approach over four successional stages:pastures,shrublands,young and mature forests.Eight replicates per stage were studied,and C stock was estimated in the mineral soil down to a 30-cm depth,and in all other ecosystem C pools:aboveground and belowground biomass,deadwood and litter.In the mature forests,SOC stock was significantly higher(p<0.05)than in pastures by 40±8 Mg ha^(-1),corresponding to 28%of the total ecosystem C stock gain.The same trend was observed for aboveground biomass,the pool that increased the most(62±23 Mg ha^(-1)),with a 43%contribution to total ecosystem gain.Our results point to a substantial contribution of SOC to overall C stock during secondary succession in Mediterranean ecosystems.
文摘Enterprise Resource Planning(ERP)systems play a pivotal role in modern organizations by integrating business processes,enhancing operational efficiency,and supporting decision-making.Evaluating the success of ERP implementations remains a critical challenge for both researchers and practitioners.The DeLone&McLean(D&M)Information Systems(IS)Success Model has been widely adopted as a theoretical framework to assess ERP success,yet its application in dynamic and evolving technological landscapes requires further examination.This systematic review synthesizes empirical studies from 2017 to 2024 that apply the D&M Model to evaluate ERP system success.The study aims to:(1)identify key trends in the application of the D&M Model across different organizational and technological contexts,(2)analyze the most influential success factors-system quality,information quality,service quality,user satisfaction,use,and net benefits-and their interrelationships,and(3)highlight emerging challenges and opportunities for refining the model in ERP research.Findings reveal that while the D&M Model provides a robust foundation for assessing ERP success,contextual factors such as organizational climate,leadership support,and mandatory vs.voluntary usage significantly influence outcomes.Additionally,advancements in digital transformation,AI,and cloud-based ERP systems introduce new dimensions that the traditional model may not fully capture.The review also identifies gaps in longitudinal studies and cross-cultural validations of the D&M Model in ERP settings.Based on the analysis,this paper proposes an enhanced framework that integrates dynamic moderators and post-implementation metrics to better align the D&M Model with contemporary ERP environments.The study contributes to IS literature by offering a comprehensive evaluation of the D&M Model’s applicability and limitations in ERP research,while providing actionable insights for organizations seeking to optimize ERP success.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41941008the National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No.2023YFC3107702.
文摘Seasonal variation in phytoplankton composition influences the pathways and efficiency of energy flow,reshaping the structure of the trophic pyramid in the Ross Sea.However,field investigation of grazing processes presents challenges that hinder our understanding of energy pathways.This study aims to provide insights into energy flow using a three-dimensional ecosystem model applied to the Ross Sea.By analyzing the simulation results,the role of the seasonal phytoplankton succession,specifically the shift from dominance by Phaeocystis antarctica to diatoms,in energy allocation is explored.The short-lived spring bloom of P.antarctica mainly fuels microzooplankton,creating a brief food chain where energy transfers primarily among smaller plankton.In contrast,the subsequent summer bloom of diatoms,which persists longer,provides nearly half of the total phytoplankton energy loss(via ingestion and mortality)to larger mesozooplankton.Our findings indicate that phytoplankton succession in the Ross Sea extends the bloom duration,particularly for diatoms,thereby facilitating energy transfer to higher trophic levels and improving overall energy utilization.This suggests that phytoplankton succession,an ecological strategy adapted to iron-deficient environments in the Ross Sea,explains why the colder region in front of the Ross Ice Shelf is significantly more productive than the northern areas,ultimately favored by top predators.
基金financial and logistic support(for fieldwork campaigns,GPS tracking devices and laboratory analysis)from the project LIFE Ilhas Barreira project(LIFE18 NAT/PT/000927)funding provided by Foundation for Science and Technology,I.P.(FCT)to MARE(UIDB/MAR/04292/2020,https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/04292/2020 and UIDP/04292/2020,https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDP/04292/2020+1 种基金the Associate Laboratory ARNET(LA/P/0069/2020,https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0069/2020)supported by FCT doctoral fellowships(10.54499/2020.07495.BD,SFRH/BD/145827/2019)。
文摘Little Terns Sternula albifrons are estuarine birds extensively using increasingly urbanized coastal areas.Given the increased exposure of these ecosystems to anthropogenic activities,it is crucial to study the ecology of this species and interactions with human stressors to establish management measures.We collected regurgitates(n=182)and blood samples(n=48)to study Little Terns’diet,health condition and isotopic niche,and individually tracked breeding adults(n=9,during 2021 and 2022)at 2 sandy beaches 21 km apart and located within Ria Formosa Natural Park,Algarve,Portugal.Although both areas are adjacent to foraging coastal marine areas and an estuarine lagoon system with saltpans,they differ in human disturbance.We also compared breeding success and adult health measures between these 2 colonies.The main prey for both populations were Sand Smelts Atherina spp.and Gobies Pomatoschistus spp.,and no differences in δ^(13)C and δ^(15)N stable isotopic values between colonies were found.Tracking data revealed that individuals foraged in the surroundings of their breeding colonies.Entrance Channels and Ocean were the most frequently used habitats for foraging by individuals from the less disturbed colony.Adults from the more disturbed colony foraged mostly in Entrance Channels.Overall,all individuals tended to forage during daytime.There were no differences in health measures of individuals between colonies,though breeding success at the most disturbed colony was comparably lower.It is important to protect both breeding areas and adjacent foraging habitats for Little Terns,particularly given the expected increasing pressure from human activities on coastal areas worldwide.
基金support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32170241,32160054,and 32470241)supported by the Chinese Academy of Science's PIFI Fellowship Initiative(2024PVC0046).
文摘Plants and their interaction partners offer unparalleled views of evolutionary ecology.Nectar larceny,entailing nectar extraction without pollinating,is thought to be an example of a harmful,antagonistic behavior,but the precise consequences of floral larceny on plant reproductive success remain contentious.We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis of 153 studies across 120 plant species,using 14 moderators to assess the effects of floral larceny on plant reproductive success and examine the key moderators.We found that floral larceny negatively impacts flower traits,pollinator visitation,pollen deposition,and fruit set,while having a neutral effect on critical female fitness indicators,such as seed set and seed quality,as well as on male fitness.By altering pollinator behavior,floral larceny may reduce geitonogamy,potentially enhancing genetic diversity.Additionally,factors such as pollinator type,plant mating system,and pollen limitation were identified as key moderators of these effects.Our analysis reveals an ultimately neutral effect of floral larceny on plant reproductive success,with potential benefits in certain contexts.These findings suggest that floral larceny plays a complex and multifaceted role within plant-pollinator interactions,facilitating the evolutionary stability and coexistence of floral larcenists and host plants.
文摘Under the background of exam-oriented education in China,art education has been marginalized,and the career success of junior middle school art teachers is being challenged.The influencing factors have become a topic worthy of exploration.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the influence on career success and career self-development among junior middle school art teachers in Shenzhen,China.This study conducted a questionnaire survey among junior middle school art teachers in Shenzhen,China.The results show that career self-management affects the career success of art teachers.On this basis,this study proposes some strategies to help the group of art teachers achieve higher career success by improving their career self-management levels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372118 and 32188102)the Qian Qian Academician Workstation,China+3 种基金the Specific Research Fund of the Innovation Platform for Academicians of Hainan Province,China(YSPTZX202303)the Nanfan Special Project,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ZDXM2315)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Talent Plan-Outstanding Young Talentthe Zhejiang Province’s High-level Talent Special Support Plan-Young Talent,China。
文摘In natural ecosystems,the timely abscission of seeds in wild plants is a crucial adaptive trait that contributes to reproductive success,population renewal,and colony expansion(Thurber et al.2010).In contrast,the tendency for high seed shattering in domesticated crops,such as rice,not only reduces paddy yield but also complicates mechanized harvesting.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:82173399Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST,Grant/Award Number:2022QNRC001+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:7252096Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian Original Innovation Joint Fund Project,Grant/Award Number:L222145CAMS&Comparative Medicine Center,PUMC (IACUC approval number:QC24002)
文摘Oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)constitutes 90%of oral tumors.Advanced cases severely impair patients'life quality of life due to anatomical location and limited therapies.Conventional treatments often induce drug resistance or recurrence.Patientderived xenograft(PDX)models are widely used to simulate tumor progression and drug responses,serving as translational tools for precision medicine.This study aimed to establish drug-resistant OSCC PDX models.Human OSCC tissues were transplanted into immunodeficient mice and passaged(P1–P2).At P2(tumor volume:40–80 mm^(3)),mice received cisplatin(1 mg/kg,three times/week)with cetuximab(1 mg/kg,weekly),GSK690693(10 mg/kg,five times/week),or rapamycin(4 mg/kg,five times/week).PDX tissues from groups with less-therapeutic response(manifested as larger tumor volumes)were serially passaged to assess treatment efficacy.Tumor tissues with diminished drug sensitivity underwent histopathological analysis and identified stability of their tumor characteristics using hematoxylin–eosin(HE)and immunohistochemical staining after one additional passage and retreatment.Results demonstrated that successive passaging accelerates tumor growth.First-generation treatments showed universal sensitivity.At P2,cisplatin–cetuximab and rapamycin groups remained sensitive,whereas GSK690693 efficacy declined.Continued passaging of GSK690693-treated tumors confirmed resistance,as evidenced by exhibiting enhanced malignant characteristics at histological level.The GSK690693-resistant model was established first,whereas resistant models of other treatment groups were established according to similar protocols.These findings suggest that sequential passaging and drug exposure in PDX models recapitulated clinical tumor evolution,enabling the development of drug-resistant OSCC models.This study can offer methodological insights for precision therapy of OSCC.
