I applaud Adekeye AP and the journal for publishing‘Smoking of Carica papaya in Nigeria:The rationale,the public health effects and policies for intervention’.It is important to draw attention to newly recognised us...I applaud Adekeye AP and the journal for publishing‘Smoking of Carica papaya in Nigeria:The rationale,the public health effects and policies for intervention’.It is important to draw attention to newly recognised uses of substances which might alter perception,mood,and/or behaviour.展开更多
Background:With growing concerns about the abuse of prescription and over-the-counter(OTC)medications,such as medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),diet pills,and sleep aids,among adolescents ...Background:With growing concerns about the abuse of prescription and over-the-counter(OTC)medications,such as medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),diet pills,and sleep aids,among adolescents in South Korea,this study aimed to investigated how these substances affect key aspects of adolescent well-being,specifically school satisfaction,body image,and sleep quality,and their association with mental health outcomes.Methods:A two-wave longitudinal survey was conducted with Korean female high school students(Wave 1:n=494;Wave 2:n=189).Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the effects of ADHD medications,diet pills,and sleep aids on changes in school satisfaction,body image,and sleep quality,respectively.We also examined the relationship between these outcomes and mental health indicators,including depression,anxiety,stress,and somatic symptoms.Results:In line with the Self-Medication Hypothesis,which suggests that substances may fail to alleviate stress or improve well-being,the use of ADHD medications was associated with a decrease in school satisfaction,diet pill use was not significantly associated with changes in body image,and sleep aid use was not significantly associated with changes in sleep quality.Poor school satisfaction,body image,and sleep quality were associated with negative mental health outcomes.Conclusion:These findings suggest that ADHD medications,diet pills,and sleep aids may not effectively improve school satisfaction,body image,or sleep quality,and could potentially exacerbate mental health challenges.展开更多
In this article,we comment on the article by Zhang et al,which explores the familiarity,awareness,and usage of smart medical care and its correlation with mental health and personality traits.The use of intelligent he...In this article,we comment on the article by Zhang et al,which explores the familiarity,awareness,and usage of smart medical care and its correlation with mental health and personality traits.The use of intelligent healthcare technologies in treating mental disorders and substance use disorders shows significant promise,but involves certain challenges,such as limited access,low technological literacy,and privacy concerns.These barriers disproportionately affect deprived populations and individuals with severe mental health conditions.We highlight the positive impact of smart healthcare solutions,such as telemedicine and wearable technologies,on patient engagement,remote monitoring,and treatment adherence.To overcome these challenges,we propose strategies,such as improving user-friendliness,ensuring equitable access to digital interventions,enhancing cybersecurity,and integrating smart healthcare into clinical workflows.Training healthcare providers and developing policies to ensure the ethical use of patient data are essential.When implemented thoughtfully,smart healthcare technologies can revolutionize mental health and substance use disorder treatment,improve patient outcomes,and reduce healthcare inequities.展开更多
Currently,a proportion of adolescents use alcohol,tobacco,and illicit drugs,which inevitably harms their health and academic progress.Adolescence is a peak period for substance use initiation and a critical time for p...Currently,a proportion of adolescents use alcohol,tobacco,and illicit drugs,which inevitably harms their health and academic progress.Adolescence is a peak period for substance use initiation and a critical time for preventing substance use problems.Various entities,such as families,schools,and communities,have implemented a variety of interventions to alleviate adolescent substance use problems,and schools play a unique role.To explore the types,characteristics,and effectiveness of substance use interventions in educational settings for adolescents,we conducted a scoping review and identified 32 studies after screening.We divided the 32 studies according to intervention type,including curriculum interventions focusing on cognitive-behavioral skill enhancement,exercise interventions,peer interventions and family-school cooperation,and electronic interventions.Except for the mixed results on electronic interventions,the results showed that the other interventions were beneficial to different extents in alleviating adolescent substance use problems.In addition,we analyzed and summarized the advantages and challenges of intervening in adolescent substance use in educational settings.Schools can use equipment and human resources to provide adolescents with various types of intervention measures,but they also face challenges such as stigmatization,ineffective coordination among multiple resources,and poor implementation effects.In the future,school-based intervention measures can fully utilize big data and artificial intelligence technology and collaborate with families and communities to intervene appropriately while paying attention to the comorbidity risks of substance use disorders and psychological health issues.展开更多
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)often co-occurs with substance use(SU)and/or substance use disorder(SUD).Individuals with concurrent ADHD and SU/SUD can have complex presentations that may complicate dia...Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)often co-occurs with substance use(SU)and/or substance use disorder(SUD).Individuals with concurrent ADHD and SU/SUD can have complex presentations that may complicate diagnosis and treatment.This can be further complicated by the context in which services are delivered.Also,when working with young people and adults with co-existing ADHD and SU/SUD,there is uncertainty among healthcare practitioners on how best to meet their needs.In February 2022,the United Kingdom ADHD Partnership hosted a meeting attended by multidisciplinary experts to address these issues.Following presentations providing attendees with an overview of the literature,group discussions were held synthesizing research evidence and clinical experience.Topics included:(1)A review of substances and reasons for use/misuse;(2)identification,assessment and treatment of illicit SU/SUD in young people and adults with ADHD presenting in community services;and(3)identification,assessment and treatment of ADHD in adults presenting in SU/SUD community and inpatient services.Discussions highlighted inter-service barriers and fragmentation of care.It was concluded that a multimodal and multi-agency approach is needed.The consensus group generated a table of practice recommendations providing guidance on:identification and assessment;pharmacological and psychological treatment;and multi-agency interventions.展开更多
Objective:To identify women vulnerable to substance use and self-medication during pregnancy based on associations with socio-demographic data.Methods:Data were collected in person,with self-developed questionnaires,f...Objective:To identify women vulnerable to substance use and self-medication during pregnancy based on associations with socio-demographic data.Methods:Data were collected in person,with self-developed questionnaires,from pregnant women(n=422)in Chengdu,China,from July to November 2012.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to reveal associations with socio-demographic parameters.Results:Higher educational background,being employed,and higher educational background of the mother were associated with a 37%[odds ratio(OR):0.63,95%CI:0.45-0.89],65%(OR:0.35,95%CI:0.13-0.94),and 29%(OR:0.71,95%CI:0.53-0.96)less likelihood of alcohol use,respectively.Adverse pregnancy outcome was associated with a 2.13-fold(OR:2.13,95%CI:1.07-4.25)greater likelihood of alcohol use.Young age and higher educational background were associated with an 11%(OR:0.89,95%CI:0.81-0.98)and 31%(OR:0.69,95%CI:0.49-0.98)less likelihood of cigarette smoking,respectively.Conclusion:Socio-demographic parameters were associated with substance use during pregnancy and warrants targeted health education provided by nurses to pregnant women.展开更多
BACKGROUND Following the development of the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)pandemic in Italy,a strict lockdown was imposed from March 9 to May 5,2020.The risks of self-medication through alcohol or psychoactive sub...BACKGROUND Following the development of the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)pandemic in Italy,a strict lockdown was imposed from March 9 to May 5,2020.The risks of self-medication through alcohol or psychoactive substance abuse were increased,as well as the tendency to adopt pathological behaviors,such as gambling and internet addiction.AIM To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated containment measures on craving in a group of patients suffering from substance use disorder and/or gambling disorder who were in treatment in outpatient units or in residency programs as inpatients.METHODS One hundred and fifty-three patients completed a structured questionnaire evaluating craving and other behaviors using a visual analogue scale(VAS).Forty-one subjects completed a pencil and paper questionnaire during the interview.The clinician provided an online questionnaire to 112 patients who had virtual assessments due to lockdown restrictions.Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica version 8.0.Quantitative parameters are presented as the mean±SD and qualitative parameters as number and percentage per class.The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check for normality of distributions.Analysis of variance and Duncan post hoc test were employed to analyze differences among subgroup means.The associations between variables were measured using Pearson's correlation.A P value of<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS The variation in craving between the present and the month before showed VASrelated reductions of craving in 57%,increases in 24%,and no significant change in 19%of the sample.The level of craving was significantly higher(F=4.36;P<0.05)in outpatients(n=97;mean=3.8±3.1)living in their own home during the quarantine compared with inpatients(n=56;mean=2.8±2.8)in residential programs.Craving for tetrahydrocannabinol was the greatest(4.94,P<0.001)among various preferred substances.CONCLUSION The unexpected result of this study may be explained by a perceived lack of availability of substances and gambling areas and/or decreased social pressure on a subject usually excluded and stigmatized,or the acquisition of a new social identity based on feelings of a shared common danger and fate that overshadowed the sense of exclusion and rejection in the abuser.展开更多
Substance use disorders(SUDs)are a growing problem among older adults.Acamprosate,disulfiram,and naltrexone are United States Food and Drug Administration(referred to as FDA)approved for the treatment of alcohol use d...Substance use disorders(SUDs)are a growing problem among older adults.Acamprosate,disulfiram,and naltrexone are United States Food and Drug Administration(referred to as FDA)approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorder,and buprenorphine is approved for the treatment of opiate use disorder among adults.However,the data on the use of these medications for the treatment of SUDs among older adults are unclear from randomized controlled trials(referred to as RCTs).A review of the literature indicates that there are only two RCTs that evaluated the use of pharmacologic agents for SUDs among older adults(≥50 years).One trial evaluated the use of naltrexone when compared to placebo for the treatment of alcohol use disorder among individuals,50-70 years in age.The other trial evaluated the use of naltrexone or placebo as adjuncts with sertraline in the treatment of alcohol use disorder among individuals older than 55 years in age.Both trials indicated that the use of naltrexone reduced the rates of relapse among older adults with alcohol use disorder.However,we did not identify any RCTs that studied the use of buprenorphine,acamprosate,or disulfiram for SUDs among older adults.Based on available evidence,it would be safe to conclude that limited data indicate some efficacy for naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol use disorder among older adults.However,data from controlled trials on the use of other medications that are FDA approved for the treatment of SUDs among younger adults are nonexistent among older adults with SUDs.展开更多
Drug overdose is the leading cause of death by injury in the United States.The incidence of substance use disorder(SUD)in the United States has increased steadily over the past two decades,becoming a major public heal...Drug overdose is the leading cause of death by injury in the United States.The incidence of substance use disorder(SUD)in the United States has increased steadily over the past two decades,becoming a major public health problem for the country.The drivers of the SUD epidemic in the United States have changed over time,characterized by an initial heroin outbreak between 1970 and 1999,followed by a painkiller outbreak,and finally by an ongoing synthetic opioid outbreak.The nature and sources of these abused substances reveal striking differences in the socioeconomic and behavioral factors that shape the drug epidemic.Moreover,the geospatial distribution of the SUD epidemic is not homogeneous.The United States has specific locations where vulnerable communities at high risk of SUD are concentrated,reaffirming the multifactorial socioeconomic nature of this epidemic.A better understanding of the SUD epidemic under a spatial epidemiology framework is necessary to determine the factors that have shaped its spread and how these patterns can be used to predict new outbreaks and create effective mitigation policies.This narrative minireview summarizes the current records of the spatial distribution of the SUD epidemic in the United States across different periods,revealing some spatiotemporal patterns that have preceded the occurrence of outbreaks.By analyzing the epidemic of SUD-related deaths,we also describe the epidemic behavior in areas with high incidence of cases.Finally,we describe public health interventions that can be effective for demographic groups,and we discuss future challenges in the study and control of the SUD epidemic in the country.展开更多
BACKGROUND The rising number of people using methamphetamine leads to an increasing need for treatment options for this patient group.Evidence-based research on the efficacy of treatment programs for methamphetamine u...BACKGROUND The rising number of people using methamphetamine leads to an increasing need for treatment options for this patient group.Evidence-based research on the efficacy of treatment programs for methamphetamine users is limited.Due to specific characteristics of methamphetamine users,the question arises whether established treatment methods for individuals using other substances can be effective for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence as well.We hypothesize that there are significant differences between the two groups that may affect the effectiveness of treatment and worsen the prognosis of treatment outcomes for methamphetamine users compared to consumers of other substances.AIM To investigate potential differences in cognitive functioning and psychopathology between methamphetamine users and other substance users and possible correlations with treatment outcomes.METHODS A total of 110 subjects were recruited for an observational,longitudinal study from a German inpatient addiction treatment center:55 patients with methamphetamine dependence and 55 patients with dependence of other substances(“OS group”).Both groups were examined at beginning(baseline)and end of treatment(after 6 mo)with regard to treatment retention,craving,cognitive functioning,psychosocial resources,personality traits,depression,and other psychiatric symptoms.Instruments used were Raven’s IQ test,Mannheimer craving scale,cognitrone cognitive test battery,NEO personality factors inventory,Hamilton depression scale,Becks depression inventory,and a symptom checklist.The statistical methods used were χ^(2)-test,t-test and multiple mixed ANOVAs.RESULTS A total drop-out rate of 40%(methamphetamine-group:36.4%;OS-group:43.6%)was observed without significant differences between groups.At baseline,methamphetamine-group subjects significantly differed from OS-group individuals in terms of a lower intelligence quotient,fewer years of education,slower working speed,and decreased working accuracy,as well as less cannabinoid and cocaine use.Methamphetamine-group subjects further showed a significantly lower score of conscientiousness,depressive,and psychiatric symptoms than subjects from the OSgroup.In both groups,a reduction of craving and depressive symptoms and an improvement of working speed and working accuracy was noted after treatment.CONCLUSION There are differences between methamphetamine users and users of other drugs,but not with regard to the effectiveness of treatment in this inpatient setting.There are differences in cognitive function and psychopathology between methamphetamine and other drugs users.The existing treatment options seem to be an effective approach in treating methamphetamine dependence.展开更多
Objective:We examined the effects of mindfulness-based interventions(MBIs)on depressive symptoms in patients with substance use disorders(SUDs)and explored the moderating effects of participant,method,and intervention...Objective:We examined the effects of mindfulness-based interventions(MBIs)on depressive symptoms in patients with substance use disorders(SUDs)and explored the moderating effects of participant,method,and intervention characteristics.Methods:We systematically searched 8 databases from their inception till November 2021.The inclusion criteria were primary studies evaluating MBIs in patients with SUDs with depression measured as an outcome,those including a control group,and those written in English.We used a random-effects model to compute effect sizes(ESs)using Hedges’g,a forest plot,and Q and I2 statistics as measures of heterogeneity;we also examined moderator analyses.Results:Nineteen studies included 1352 participants(age:38.6±7.0 years).Overall,MBIs showed significantly improved depression(g=0.67,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.29,1.05,I2=89%)compared to controls.With regard to moderators,providing MBIs as an individual plus group intervention had a greater effect(g=2.13)on reducing depressive symptoms than providing MBIs as a group intervention(g=0.64)or an individual intervention only(g=0.33,P=0.034).Using concealed allocation tended to reduce depressive symptoms(g=1.22)as compared to not using concealed allocation(g=0.48,P=0.086).No other quality indicators were demonstrated to have a moderating influence on the value of the ES.Conclusions:MBIs improved depressive symptoms in patients with SUDs.MBIs might be used as an adjunctive or alternative to conventional treatment for depressed patients with SUDs.展开更多
<strong>Aim</strong>: To establish the substance use pattern and psychological distress among the in-coming nursing students of the College with a view towards recommending ways to prevent or reduce compli...<strong>Aim</strong>: To establish the substance use pattern and psychological distress among the in-coming nursing students of the College with a view towards recommending ways to prevent or reduce complications of substance use disorder in the college. <strong>Study design</strong>: A cross-sectional design was used. <strong>Place and duration</strong>: The study took place at the College of Nursing and Midwifery, Jos, Plateau state between the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> of February, 2020. <strong>Methodology</strong>: The study was carried out during the orientation program of the 206 first-year students of the college. Following approval, a health talk and explanation of the aims and objectives, their consent was obtained in writing. Two-staged sampling with a sociodemographic questionnaire and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 followed by urine drug testing was done. The participants were debriefed on the findings while maintaining strict confidentiality. There were 65 males and 141 females. <strong>Results</strong>: Lifetime prevalence rate of any substance use was 21.8%. More females 33 (23.4%) than males 12 (18.5%) used substances. Only 9 (4.5%) volunteered their substance use, the rest was revealed by the urine testing. Prevalence of alcohol was 23 (11.2%), ketamine 13 (6.3%), nicotine 3 (1.5%), benzodiazepines 3 (1.5%), cannabis 2 (1.0%) and opiods 1 (0.5%). Symptoms of psychological distress were high as 118 (57.3%) and 82 (38.8%) were symptomatic for anxiety and depression respectively. Alcohol use was significantly related with having symptomatic anxiety (<i>P = 0.02</i>) and depression (<span style="white-space:normal;"><i></span>P = 0.00<span style="white-space:normal;"></i></span>) in the study. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Considering the high prevalence of substance use among the participants, educational intervention and policies should be designed to prevent substance dependence with its complications within the students.展开更多
Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the addiction profiles of substance users with comorbid attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and of those without attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder (AD...Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the addiction profiles of substance users with comorbid attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and of those without attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity. Method: 100 patients with substance use disorder (SUD) who continued to undergo inpatient treatment during September 2014-August 2015 in Private Balikli Rum Hospital were included in the study. Based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, 50 patients who have SUD with ADHD comorbidity were considered as study group, the other 50 patients with only SUD were evaluated as control group. Sociodemographic Data Form, Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Addiction Profile Index (BAPI), and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS ADHD) were given to the patients who participated to the study. Results: It was found that the age of onset for substance use was younger in a statistically significant manner in the patients who had SUD with comorbid ADHD (ADHD-SUD group) than the control group (SUD group) (t = 3.57, p = 0.001). Regarding to scores in the scales of these two groups, scores of aggression questionnaire (BPAQ) and craving subscale (BAPI) in ADHD-SUD group were significantly higher comparing to SUD group. Conclusion: In this study, it was revealed that the age of onset for substance use was younger in substance users with comorbid ADHD and that the level of aggression and craving was higher again in this group. Craving and level of aggression might have negative impacts on the treatment process. Therefore, we believe that it is essential to consider ADHD comorbidity in patients with substance use disorders.展开更多
Background: The study was designed to explore and catalyze the development of action plan for adolescent substance use prevention in a rural community in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a two-ph...Background: The study was designed to explore and catalyze the development of action plan for adolescent substance use prevention in a rural community in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a two-phase multi-method design. The first phase was a quantitative assessment that determined the real-life situation of adolescents’ substance use in the community using 417 respondents. Contemporaneously, the second qualitative phase focused on the development of an action plan by community stakeholders for adolescent substance use prevention using thirty (30) participants selected through purposive sampling. The reliability of the instrument for quantitative data was established using a test re-test method and computed using Pearson moment correlation. A coefficient of 0.8 was obtained. Validity was established for both quantitative and qualitative instruments. The generated data were subjected to descriptive statistics whereas the qualitative data from respondents’ narratives were analysed thematically. Result: The data revealed that participants who have ever used substances consisted of 128 (59.5%) males and 87 (40.5%) females. The findings on the opinion of 30 participants interviewed about the consequences of substance use brought out majorly four consequences of substance use. The result of catalysing the involvement of community residents towards developing community action for adolescent substance use showed that the challenges associated with adolescents’ substance use as identified by the participants were discussed under one theme—living with the cause and three elements. Conclusion: Substance use prevention policies and plans in the local community have strong potential for stimulating local adolescent substance use prevention actions.展开更多
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way healthcare services are delivered. These changes will likely persist as countries recover from the economic crises following lockdowns. In developing countries, services for s...The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way healthcare services are delivered. These changes will likely persist as countries recover from the economic crises following lockdowns. In developing countries, services for substance use disorders (SUDs) are inadequate and as countries prioritize infectious diseases, individuals with SUDs may suffer further neglect. This paper is a narrative review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on the current challenges with SUD treatment in Nigeria assesses how telehealth may positively affect access to evidence-based treatments and suggests strategies for implementation considering the unique challenges and opportunities in the country. If prioritized in her policy, telehealth has the potential to improve treatment outcomes for SUDs in Nigeria.展开更多
Problem gambling is over-represented in patients treated for substance use disorders, but substance-specific prevalence of problem gambling is rarely reported. In specialized addiction treatment facilities for opioid ...Problem gambling is over-represented in patients treated for substance use disorders, but substance-specific prevalence of problem gambling is rarely reported. In specialized addiction treatment facilities for opioid maintenance treatment and for alcohol and prescription drug dependence, respectively, 129 patients were screened for problem gambling using the NODS-CLiP. The lifetime prevalence of problem gambling was markedly higher in opioid maintenance treatment (61 percent) than in alcohol and prescription drug dependence treatment (11 percent, p < 0.001). When controlling for gender and age, problem gambling remained significantly associated with opioid maintenance treatment. The present study demonstrated a very high prevalence of lifetime problem gambling in opioid maintenance treatment patients. This calls for active screening for problem gambling in substance use disorder patients, and mainly in treatment for opioid dependence.展开更多
What is already known about this topic?Childhood trauma represents a critical risk factor for substance use among young populations globally,presenting a substantial public health challenge.What is added by this repor...What is already known about this topic?Childhood trauma represents a critical risk factor for substance use among young populations globally,presenting a substantial public health challenge.What is added by this report?This comprehensive investigation elucidates the distinct associations between specific subtypes of childhood trauma and substance use behaviors within the Chinese youth population.The findings demonstrate significantly elevated risks for smoking,e-cigarette use,and alcohol consumption,particularly among individuals who have experienced severe or multiple forms of childhood trauma.What are the implications for public health practice?Implementation of targeted interventions and support systems is essential for individuals with childhood trauma histories.Healthcare providers should emphasize early identification and trauma-informed care approaches.Policy frameworks promoting early intervention and sustained support mechanisms are crucial for reducing substance use behaviors and enhancing population health outcomes.展开更多
Background Although previous studies have provided data on early pandemic periods of alcohol and substance use in adolescents,more adequate studies are needed to predict the trends of alcohol and substance use during ...Background Although previous studies have provided data on early pandemic periods of alcohol and substance use in adolescents,more adequate studies are needed to predict the trends of alcohol and substance use during recent periods,including the mid-pandemic period.This study investigated the changes in alcohol and substance use,except tobacco use,throughout the pre-,early-,and mid-pandemic periods in adolescents using a nationwide serial cross-sectional survey from South Korea.Methods Data on 1,109,776 Korean adolescents aged 13–18 years from 2005 to 2021 were obtained in a survey operated by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.We evaluated adolescents’alcohol and substance consumption prevalence and compared the slope of alcohol and substance prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to see the trend changes.We define the pre-COVID-19 period as consisting of four groups of consecutive years(2005–2008,2009–2012,2013–2015,and 2016–2019).The COVID-19 pandemic period is composed of 2020(early-pandemic era)and 2021(midpandemic era).Results More than a million adolescents successfully met the inclusion criteria.The weighted prevalence of current alcohol use was 26.8%[95%confidence interval(CI)26.4–27.1]from 2005 to 2008 and 10.5%(95%CI 10.1–11.0)in 2020 and 2021.The weighted prevalence of substance use was 1.1%(95%CI 1.1–1.2)from 2005 to 2008 and 0.7%(95%CI 0.6–0.7)between 2020 and 2021.From 2005 to 2021,the overall trend of use of both alcohol and drugs was found to decrease,but the decline has slowed since COVID-19 epidemic(current alcohol use:βdiff 0.167;95%CI 0.150–0.184;substance use:βdiff 0.152;95%CI 0.110–0.194).The changes in the slope of current alcohol and substance use showed a consistent slowdown with regard to sex,grade,residence area,and smoking status from 2005 to 2021.Conclusion The overall prevalence of alcohol consumption and substance use among over one million Korean adolescents from the early and mid-stage(2020–2021)of the COVID-19 pandemic showed a slower decline than expected given the increase during the prepandemic period(2005–2019).展开更多
Among substances,opiates and psychostimulants are responsible for the most significant public health problems,yet few studies have characterized their similarities or differences in the cortical plasticity of individu...Among substances,opiates and psychostimulants are responsible for the most significant public health problems,yet few studies have characterized their similarities or differences in the cortical plasticity of individuals with these substance related problems.This investigation utilized concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography(TMS-EEG)to examine cortical plasticity characteristics of individuals with heroin and methamphetamine related substance use disorder(SUD)relative to healthy controls.TMS-EEG data were collected from healthy control subjects(N=35),subjects with heroin(N=72)and methamphetamine(N=69)use disorder.The data were analyzed using our fully-automated artifact rejection algorithm(ARTIST).Analyses were performed separately for F3,F4 and P3 stimulation sites.Linear mixed effects models were used to examine Group(heroin,methamphetamine,healthy control)x Time(pre,post single-session rTMS)interactions.To evaluate plasticity differences across groups,we observed the changes in single pulse TMS before and after single-session of rTMS.There was no change in alpha power after stimulation of the F3 or F4 sites across groups.The alpha power of the control group was significantly decreased when stimulating the P3 site,while there was no significant change in alpha power for either drug group during the same time window.The beta power of the healthy control group increased significantly when the F3 site was stimulated.In contrast,there was no significant change in either the methamphetamine or heroin group.Following a single-session of rTMS intervention,there was a significant difference in alpha-band power between the healthy control group and the two drug groups.Taking together,the study findings identified differential plasticity effects in the two types of SUD population,and highlighted the network effects of rTMS.The findings point to an exciting future path for using rTMS to test new plasticity-based interventions for treating drug addiction.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article Adolescent suicide risk factors and the integration of social-emotional skills in school-based prevention programs by Liu et al.While the article focused on the issue of sui...In this editorial,we comment on the article Adolescent suicide risk factors and the integration of social-emotional skills in school-based prevention programs by Liu et al.While the article focused on the issue of suicide and social-emotional learning programs as a possible intervention,we here discuss evidence of other reported outcomes and if it could be an effective way to prevent substance abuse among adolescents.展开更多
文摘I applaud Adekeye AP and the journal for publishing‘Smoking of Carica papaya in Nigeria:The rationale,the public health effects and policies for intervention’.It is important to draw attention to newly recognised uses of substances which might alter perception,mood,and/or behaviour.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2024S1A5A2A03040479)。
文摘Background:With growing concerns about the abuse of prescription and over-the-counter(OTC)medications,such as medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),diet pills,and sleep aids,among adolescents in South Korea,this study aimed to investigated how these substances affect key aspects of adolescent well-being,specifically school satisfaction,body image,and sleep quality,and their association with mental health outcomes.Methods:A two-wave longitudinal survey was conducted with Korean female high school students(Wave 1:n=494;Wave 2:n=189).Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the effects of ADHD medications,diet pills,and sleep aids on changes in school satisfaction,body image,and sleep quality,respectively.We also examined the relationship between these outcomes and mental health indicators,including depression,anxiety,stress,and somatic symptoms.Results:In line with the Self-Medication Hypothesis,which suggests that substances may fail to alleviate stress or improve well-being,the use of ADHD medications was associated with a decrease in school satisfaction,diet pill use was not significantly associated with changes in body image,and sleep aid use was not significantly associated with changes in sleep quality.Poor school satisfaction,body image,and sleep quality were associated with negative mental health outcomes.Conclusion:These findings suggest that ADHD medications,diet pills,and sleep aids may not effectively improve school satisfaction,body image,or sleep quality,and could potentially exacerbate mental health challenges.
文摘In this article,we comment on the article by Zhang et al,which explores the familiarity,awareness,and usage of smart medical care and its correlation with mental health and personality traits.The use of intelligent healthcare technologies in treating mental disorders and substance use disorders shows significant promise,but involves certain challenges,such as limited access,low technological literacy,and privacy concerns.These barriers disproportionately affect deprived populations and individuals with severe mental health conditions.We highlight the positive impact of smart healthcare solutions,such as telemedicine and wearable technologies,on patient engagement,remote monitoring,and treatment adherence.To overcome these challenges,we propose strategies,such as improving user-friendliness,ensuring equitable access to digital interventions,enhancing cybersecurity,and integrating smart healthcare into clinical workflows.Training healthcare providers and developing policies to ensure the ethical use of patient data are essential.When implemented thoughtfully,smart healthcare technologies can revolutionize mental health and substance use disorder treatment,improve patient outcomes,and reduce healthcare inequities.
文摘Currently,a proportion of adolescents use alcohol,tobacco,and illicit drugs,which inevitably harms their health and academic progress.Adolescence is a peak period for substance use initiation and a critical time for preventing substance use problems.Various entities,such as families,schools,and communities,have implemented a variety of interventions to alleviate adolescent substance use problems,and schools play a unique role.To explore the types,characteristics,and effectiveness of substance use interventions in educational settings for adolescents,we conducted a scoping review and identified 32 studies after screening.We divided the 32 studies according to intervention type,including curriculum interventions focusing on cognitive-behavioral skill enhancement,exercise interventions,peer interventions and family-school cooperation,and electronic interventions.Except for the mixed results on electronic interventions,the results showed that the other interventions were beneficial to different extents in alleviating adolescent substance use problems.In addition,we analyzed and summarized the advantages and challenges of intervening in adolescent substance use in educational settings.Schools can use equipment and human resources to provide adolescents with various types of intervention measures,but they also face challenges such as stigmatization,ineffective coordination among multiple resources,and poor implementation effects.In the future,school-based intervention measures can fully utilize big data and artificial intelligence technology and collaborate with families and communities to intervene appropriately while paying attention to the comorbidity risks of substance use disorders and psychological health issues.
文摘Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)often co-occurs with substance use(SU)and/or substance use disorder(SUD).Individuals with concurrent ADHD and SU/SUD can have complex presentations that may complicate diagnosis and treatment.This can be further complicated by the context in which services are delivered.Also,when working with young people and adults with co-existing ADHD and SU/SUD,there is uncertainty among healthcare practitioners on how best to meet their needs.In February 2022,the United Kingdom ADHD Partnership hosted a meeting attended by multidisciplinary experts to address these issues.Following presentations providing attendees with an overview of the literature,group discussions were held synthesizing research evidence and clinical experience.Topics included:(1)A review of substances and reasons for use/misuse;(2)identification,assessment and treatment of illicit SU/SUD in young people and adults with ADHD presenting in community services;and(3)identification,assessment and treatment of ADHD in adults presenting in SU/SUD community and inpatient services.Discussions highlighted inter-service barriers and fragmentation of care.It was concluded that a multimodal and multi-agency approach is needed.The consensus group generated a table of practice recommendations providing guidance on:identification and assessment;pharmacological and psychological treatment;and multi-agency interventions.
文摘Objective:To identify women vulnerable to substance use and self-medication during pregnancy based on associations with socio-demographic data.Methods:Data were collected in person,with self-developed questionnaires,from pregnant women(n=422)in Chengdu,China,from July to November 2012.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to reveal associations with socio-demographic parameters.Results:Higher educational background,being employed,and higher educational background of the mother were associated with a 37%[odds ratio(OR):0.63,95%CI:0.45-0.89],65%(OR:0.35,95%CI:0.13-0.94),and 29%(OR:0.71,95%CI:0.53-0.96)less likelihood of alcohol use,respectively.Adverse pregnancy outcome was associated with a 2.13-fold(OR:2.13,95%CI:1.07-4.25)greater likelihood of alcohol use.Young age and higher educational background were associated with an 11%(OR:0.89,95%CI:0.81-0.98)and 31%(OR:0.69,95%CI:0.49-0.98)less likelihood of cigarette smoking,respectively.Conclusion:Socio-demographic parameters were associated with substance use during pregnancy and warrants targeted health education provided by nurses to pregnant women.
文摘BACKGROUND Following the development of the coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)pandemic in Italy,a strict lockdown was imposed from March 9 to May 5,2020.The risks of self-medication through alcohol or psychoactive substance abuse were increased,as well as the tendency to adopt pathological behaviors,such as gambling and internet addiction.AIM To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated containment measures on craving in a group of patients suffering from substance use disorder and/or gambling disorder who were in treatment in outpatient units or in residency programs as inpatients.METHODS One hundred and fifty-three patients completed a structured questionnaire evaluating craving and other behaviors using a visual analogue scale(VAS).Forty-one subjects completed a pencil and paper questionnaire during the interview.The clinician provided an online questionnaire to 112 patients who had virtual assessments due to lockdown restrictions.Statistical analyses were performed using Statistica version 8.0.Quantitative parameters are presented as the mean±SD and qualitative parameters as number and percentage per class.The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to check for normality of distributions.Analysis of variance and Duncan post hoc test were employed to analyze differences among subgroup means.The associations between variables were measured using Pearson's correlation.A P value of<0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS The variation in craving between the present and the month before showed VASrelated reductions of craving in 57%,increases in 24%,and no significant change in 19%of the sample.The level of craving was significantly higher(F=4.36;P<0.05)in outpatients(n=97;mean=3.8±3.1)living in their own home during the quarantine compared with inpatients(n=56;mean=2.8±2.8)in residential programs.Craving for tetrahydrocannabinol was the greatest(4.94,P<0.001)among various preferred substances.CONCLUSION The unexpected result of this study may be explained by a perceived lack of availability of substances and gambling areas and/or decreased social pressure on a subject usually excluded and stigmatized,or the acquisition of a new social identity based on feelings of a shared common danger and fate that overshadowed the sense of exclusion and rejection in the abuser.
文摘Substance use disorders(SUDs)are a growing problem among older adults.Acamprosate,disulfiram,and naltrexone are United States Food and Drug Administration(referred to as FDA)approved for the treatment of alcohol use disorder,and buprenorphine is approved for the treatment of opiate use disorder among adults.However,the data on the use of these medications for the treatment of SUDs among older adults are unclear from randomized controlled trials(referred to as RCTs).A review of the literature indicates that there are only two RCTs that evaluated the use of pharmacologic agents for SUDs among older adults(≥50 years).One trial evaluated the use of naltrexone when compared to placebo for the treatment of alcohol use disorder among individuals,50-70 years in age.The other trial evaluated the use of naltrexone or placebo as adjuncts with sertraline in the treatment of alcohol use disorder among individuals older than 55 years in age.Both trials indicated that the use of naltrexone reduced the rates of relapse among older adults with alcohol use disorder.However,we did not identify any RCTs that studied the use of buprenorphine,acamprosate,or disulfiram for SUDs among older adults.Based on available evidence,it would be safe to conclude that limited data indicate some efficacy for naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol use disorder among older adults.However,data from controlled trials on the use of other medications that are FDA approved for the treatment of SUDs among younger adults are nonexistent among older adults with SUDs.
文摘Drug overdose is the leading cause of death by injury in the United States.The incidence of substance use disorder(SUD)in the United States has increased steadily over the past two decades,becoming a major public health problem for the country.The drivers of the SUD epidemic in the United States have changed over time,characterized by an initial heroin outbreak between 1970 and 1999,followed by a painkiller outbreak,and finally by an ongoing synthetic opioid outbreak.The nature and sources of these abused substances reveal striking differences in the socioeconomic and behavioral factors that shape the drug epidemic.Moreover,the geospatial distribution of the SUD epidemic is not homogeneous.The United States has specific locations where vulnerable communities at high risk of SUD are concentrated,reaffirming the multifactorial socioeconomic nature of this epidemic.A better understanding of the SUD epidemic under a spatial epidemiology framework is necessary to determine the factors that have shaped its spread and how these patterns can be used to predict new outbreaks and create effective mitigation policies.This narrative minireview summarizes the current records of the spatial distribution of the SUD epidemic in the United States across different periods,revealing some spatiotemporal patterns that have preceded the occurrence of outbreaks.By analyzing the epidemic of SUD-related deaths,we also describe the epidemic behavior in areas with high incidence of cases.Finally,we describe public health interventions that can be effective for demographic groups,and we discuss future challenges in the study and control of the SUD epidemic in the country.
基金the German Federal Ministry of Health(partially).
文摘BACKGROUND The rising number of people using methamphetamine leads to an increasing need for treatment options for this patient group.Evidence-based research on the efficacy of treatment programs for methamphetamine users is limited.Due to specific characteristics of methamphetamine users,the question arises whether established treatment methods for individuals using other substances can be effective for the treatment of methamphetamine dependence as well.We hypothesize that there are significant differences between the two groups that may affect the effectiveness of treatment and worsen the prognosis of treatment outcomes for methamphetamine users compared to consumers of other substances.AIM To investigate potential differences in cognitive functioning and psychopathology between methamphetamine users and other substance users and possible correlations with treatment outcomes.METHODS A total of 110 subjects were recruited for an observational,longitudinal study from a German inpatient addiction treatment center:55 patients with methamphetamine dependence and 55 patients with dependence of other substances(“OS group”).Both groups were examined at beginning(baseline)and end of treatment(after 6 mo)with regard to treatment retention,craving,cognitive functioning,psychosocial resources,personality traits,depression,and other psychiatric symptoms.Instruments used were Raven’s IQ test,Mannheimer craving scale,cognitrone cognitive test battery,NEO personality factors inventory,Hamilton depression scale,Becks depression inventory,and a symptom checklist.The statistical methods used were χ^(2)-test,t-test and multiple mixed ANOVAs.RESULTS A total drop-out rate of 40%(methamphetamine-group:36.4%;OS-group:43.6%)was observed without significant differences between groups.At baseline,methamphetamine-group subjects significantly differed from OS-group individuals in terms of a lower intelligence quotient,fewer years of education,slower working speed,and decreased working accuracy,as well as less cannabinoid and cocaine use.Methamphetamine-group subjects further showed a significantly lower score of conscientiousness,depressive,and psychiatric symptoms than subjects from the OSgroup.In both groups,a reduction of craving and depressive symptoms and an improvement of working speed and working accuracy was noted after treatment.CONCLUSION There are differences between methamphetamine users and users of other drugs,but not with regard to the effectiveness of treatment in this inpatient setting.There are differences in cognitive function and psychopathology between methamphetamine and other drugs users.The existing treatment options seem to be an effective approach in treating methamphetamine dependence.
文摘Objective:We examined the effects of mindfulness-based interventions(MBIs)on depressive symptoms in patients with substance use disorders(SUDs)and explored the moderating effects of participant,method,and intervention characteristics.Methods:We systematically searched 8 databases from their inception till November 2021.The inclusion criteria were primary studies evaluating MBIs in patients with SUDs with depression measured as an outcome,those including a control group,and those written in English.We used a random-effects model to compute effect sizes(ESs)using Hedges’g,a forest plot,and Q and I2 statistics as measures of heterogeneity;we also examined moderator analyses.Results:Nineteen studies included 1352 participants(age:38.6±7.0 years).Overall,MBIs showed significantly improved depression(g=0.67,95%confidence interval[CI]:0.29,1.05,I2=89%)compared to controls.With regard to moderators,providing MBIs as an individual plus group intervention had a greater effect(g=2.13)on reducing depressive symptoms than providing MBIs as a group intervention(g=0.64)or an individual intervention only(g=0.33,P=0.034).Using concealed allocation tended to reduce depressive symptoms(g=1.22)as compared to not using concealed allocation(g=0.48,P=0.086).No other quality indicators were demonstrated to have a moderating influence on the value of the ES.Conclusions:MBIs improved depressive symptoms in patients with SUDs.MBIs might be used as an adjunctive or alternative to conventional treatment for depressed patients with SUDs.
文摘<strong>Aim</strong>: To establish the substance use pattern and psychological distress among the in-coming nursing students of the College with a view towards recommending ways to prevent or reduce complications of substance use disorder in the college. <strong>Study design</strong>: A cross-sectional design was used. <strong>Place and duration</strong>: The study took place at the College of Nursing and Midwifery, Jos, Plateau state between the 3<sup>rd</sup> and 14<sup>th</sup> of February, 2020. <strong>Methodology</strong>: The study was carried out during the orientation program of the 206 first-year students of the college. Following approval, a health talk and explanation of the aims and objectives, their consent was obtained in writing. Two-staged sampling with a sociodemographic questionnaire and Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 followed by urine drug testing was done. The participants were debriefed on the findings while maintaining strict confidentiality. There were 65 males and 141 females. <strong>Results</strong>: Lifetime prevalence rate of any substance use was 21.8%. More females 33 (23.4%) than males 12 (18.5%) used substances. Only 9 (4.5%) volunteered their substance use, the rest was revealed by the urine testing. Prevalence of alcohol was 23 (11.2%), ketamine 13 (6.3%), nicotine 3 (1.5%), benzodiazepines 3 (1.5%), cannabis 2 (1.0%) and opiods 1 (0.5%). Symptoms of psychological distress were high as 118 (57.3%) and 82 (38.8%) were symptomatic for anxiety and depression respectively. Alcohol use was significantly related with having symptomatic anxiety (<i>P = 0.02</i>) and depression (<span style="white-space:normal;"><i></span>P = 0.00<span style="white-space:normal;"></i></span>) in the study. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Considering the high prevalence of substance use among the participants, educational intervention and policies should be designed to prevent substance dependence with its complications within the students.
文摘Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the addiction profiles of substance users with comorbid attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and of those without attention-deficit hyper-activity disorder (ADHD) comorbidity. Method: 100 patients with substance use disorder (SUD) who continued to undergo inpatient treatment during September 2014-August 2015 in Private Balikli Rum Hospital were included in the study. Based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, 50 patients who have SUD with ADHD comorbidity were considered as study group, the other 50 patients with only SUD were evaluated as control group. Sociodemographic Data Form, Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Addiction Profile Index (BAPI), and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS ADHD) were given to the patients who participated to the study. Results: It was found that the age of onset for substance use was younger in a statistically significant manner in the patients who had SUD with comorbid ADHD (ADHD-SUD group) than the control group (SUD group) (t = 3.57, p = 0.001). Regarding to scores in the scales of these two groups, scores of aggression questionnaire (BPAQ) and craving subscale (BAPI) in ADHD-SUD group were significantly higher comparing to SUD group. Conclusion: In this study, it was revealed that the age of onset for substance use was younger in substance users with comorbid ADHD and that the level of aggression and craving was higher again in this group. Craving and level of aggression might have negative impacts on the treatment process. Therefore, we believe that it is essential to consider ADHD comorbidity in patients with substance use disorders.
文摘Background: The study was designed to explore and catalyze the development of action plan for adolescent substance use prevention in a rural community in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Methodology: This study adopted a two-phase multi-method design. The first phase was a quantitative assessment that determined the real-life situation of adolescents’ substance use in the community using 417 respondents. Contemporaneously, the second qualitative phase focused on the development of an action plan by community stakeholders for adolescent substance use prevention using thirty (30) participants selected through purposive sampling. The reliability of the instrument for quantitative data was established using a test re-test method and computed using Pearson moment correlation. A coefficient of 0.8 was obtained. Validity was established for both quantitative and qualitative instruments. The generated data were subjected to descriptive statistics whereas the qualitative data from respondents’ narratives were analysed thematically. Result: The data revealed that participants who have ever used substances consisted of 128 (59.5%) males and 87 (40.5%) females. The findings on the opinion of 30 participants interviewed about the consequences of substance use brought out majorly four consequences of substance use. The result of catalysing the involvement of community residents towards developing community action for adolescent substance use showed that the challenges associated with adolescents’ substance use as identified by the participants were discussed under one theme—living with the cause and three elements. Conclusion: Substance use prevention policies and plans in the local community have strong potential for stimulating local adolescent substance use prevention actions.
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the way healthcare services are delivered. These changes will likely persist as countries recover from the economic crises following lockdowns. In developing countries, services for substance use disorders (SUDs) are inadequate and as countries prioritize infectious diseases, individuals with SUDs may suffer further neglect. This paper is a narrative review of peer-reviewed and grey literature on the current challenges with SUD treatment in Nigeria assesses how telehealth may positively affect access to evidence-based treatments and suggests strategies for implementation considering the unique challenges and opportunities in the country. If prioritized in her policy, telehealth has the potential to improve treatment outcomes for SUDs in Nigeria.
文摘Problem gambling is over-represented in patients treated for substance use disorders, but substance-specific prevalence of problem gambling is rarely reported. In specialized addiction treatment facilities for opioid maintenance treatment and for alcohol and prescription drug dependence, respectively, 129 patients were screened for problem gambling using the NODS-CLiP. The lifetime prevalence of problem gambling was markedly higher in opioid maintenance treatment (61 percent) than in alcohol and prescription drug dependence treatment (11 percent, p < 0.001). When controlling for gender and age, problem gambling remained significantly associated with opioid maintenance treatment. The present study demonstrated a very high prevalence of lifetime problem gambling in opioid maintenance treatment patients. This calls for active screening for problem gambling in substance use disorder patients, and mainly in treatment for opioid dependence.
文摘What is already known about this topic?Childhood trauma represents a critical risk factor for substance use among young populations globally,presenting a substantial public health challenge.What is added by this report?This comprehensive investigation elucidates the distinct associations between specific subtypes of childhood trauma and substance use behaviors within the Chinese youth population.The findings demonstrate significantly elevated risks for smoking,e-cigarette use,and alcohol consumption,particularly among individuals who have experienced severe or multiple forms of childhood trauma.What are the implications for public health practice?Implementation of targeted interventions and support systems is essential for individuals with childhood trauma histories.Healthcare providers should emphasize early identification and trauma-informed care approaches.Policy frameworks promoting early intervention and sustained support mechanisms are crucial for reducing substance use behaviors and enhancing population health outcomes.
基金supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(grant number:HV22C0233 and grant number:HI22C1976)The funders had no role in study design,data collection,data analysis,data interpretation,or writing of the report.
文摘Background Although previous studies have provided data on early pandemic periods of alcohol and substance use in adolescents,more adequate studies are needed to predict the trends of alcohol and substance use during recent periods,including the mid-pandemic period.This study investigated the changes in alcohol and substance use,except tobacco use,throughout the pre-,early-,and mid-pandemic periods in adolescents using a nationwide serial cross-sectional survey from South Korea.Methods Data on 1,109,776 Korean adolescents aged 13–18 years from 2005 to 2021 were obtained in a survey operated by the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency.We evaluated adolescents’alcohol and substance consumption prevalence and compared the slope of alcohol and substance prevalence before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to see the trend changes.We define the pre-COVID-19 period as consisting of four groups of consecutive years(2005–2008,2009–2012,2013–2015,and 2016–2019).The COVID-19 pandemic period is composed of 2020(early-pandemic era)and 2021(midpandemic era).Results More than a million adolescents successfully met the inclusion criteria.The weighted prevalence of current alcohol use was 26.8%[95%confidence interval(CI)26.4–27.1]from 2005 to 2008 and 10.5%(95%CI 10.1–11.0)in 2020 and 2021.The weighted prevalence of substance use was 1.1%(95%CI 1.1–1.2)from 2005 to 2008 and 0.7%(95%CI 0.6–0.7)between 2020 and 2021.From 2005 to 2021,the overall trend of use of both alcohol and drugs was found to decrease,but the decline has slowed since COVID-19 epidemic(current alcohol use:βdiff 0.167;95%CI 0.150–0.184;substance use:βdiff 0.152;95%CI 0.110–0.194).The changes in the slope of current alcohol and substance use showed a consistent slowdown with regard to sex,grade,residence area,and smoking status from 2005 to 2021.Conclusion The overall prevalence of alcohol consumption and substance use among over one million Korean adolescents from the early and mid-stage(2020–2021)of the COVID-19 pandemic showed a slower decline than expected given the increase during the prepandemic period(2005–2019).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32241015,81822017)The Lingang Laboratory(LG-QS-202203-10)+1 种基金The Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(20181715)The Shanghai Municipal Commis-sion of Health(2022JC016).
文摘Among substances,opiates and psychostimulants are responsible for the most significant public health problems,yet few studies have characterized their similarities or differences in the cortical plasticity of individuals with these substance related problems.This investigation utilized concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography(TMS-EEG)to examine cortical plasticity characteristics of individuals with heroin and methamphetamine related substance use disorder(SUD)relative to healthy controls.TMS-EEG data were collected from healthy control subjects(N=35),subjects with heroin(N=72)and methamphetamine(N=69)use disorder.The data were analyzed using our fully-automated artifact rejection algorithm(ARTIST).Analyses were performed separately for F3,F4 and P3 stimulation sites.Linear mixed effects models were used to examine Group(heroin,methamphetamine,healthy control)x Time(pre,post single-session rTMS)interactions.To evaluate plasticity differences across groups,we observed the changes in single pulse TMS before and after single-session of rTMS.There was no change in alpha power after stimulation of the F3 or F4 sites across groups.The alpha power of the control group was significantly decreased when stimulating the P3 site,while there was no significant change in alpha power for either drug group during the same time window.The beta power of the healthy control group increased significantly when the F3 site was stimulated.In contrast,there was no significant change in either the methamphetamine or heroin group.Following a single-session of rTMS intervention,there was a significant difference in alpha-band power between the healthy control group and the two drug groups.Taking together,the study findings identified differential plasticity effects in the two types of SUD population,and highlighted the network effects of rTMS.The findings point to an exciting future path for using rTMS to test new plasticity-based interventions for treating drug addiction.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article Adolescent suicide risk factors and the integration of social-emotional skills in school-based prevention programs by Liu et al.While the article focused on the issue of suicide and social-emotional learning programs as a possible intervention,we here discuss evidence of other reported outcomes and if it could be an effective way to prevent substance abuse among adolescents.
