The concept of ageing society includes the quantitative factor that there will be more and more older people according to population transitions. But, at the same time, qualitative factors such as quality of life, ide...The concept of ageing society includes the quantitative factor that there will be more and more older people according to population transitions. But, at the same time, qualitative factors such as quality of life, identity changes and the experience of high changes in the subjectivity need to be included alongside these quantitative factors. So, the purpose and significance of the paper indicate that is necessary to ensure structures that can tolerate the new scenarios of this current generation of older people, who seek new life options, renewed emotional perspectives and transgenerational confrontation with traditional models of ageing and grandparenthood.展开更多
A laboratory study of horizontal spatial effect is conducted to study the change and influence factors of annoyance on horizontal position of the source.Three typical acoustic signals in different azimuth angles can b...A laboratory study of horizontal spatial effect is conducted to study the change and influence factors of annoyance on horizontal position of the source.Three typical acoustic signals in different azimuth angles can be obtained by filtering with the head related transfer function(HRTF).Then,the annoyance scores for each stimulus are marked and horizontal spatial distribution characteristics of annoyance are obtained.At last,correlation and regression analysis are performed based on the binaural acoustic parameters and annoyance results.The results show the consistent variations of the annoyance with azimuth angles of the three kinds of sounds.The range of annoyance caused by the azimuth is about−1−2 points on an 11-point scale.Annoyance is the lowest when the sound source is directly behind,and the highest when it is on the left and right.It is found that the relative binaural loudness or the binaural loudness difference has a significant influence on annoyance of three kinds of sounds,the relative binaural cross-correlation coefficient has a significant influence on wide-band sounds but not on narrowband sounds,and the type of parameters influencing the spatial effect is related to the frequency distribution of the observed signal.The main factors influencing the spatial effect are related to the overall perception of sound and also the differences between the ears.展开更多
The relative location of inlets and outlets plays an important role in thermal comfort and energy conservation under ventilation modes for the building non-uniform indoor environment.Hence,a comparison study of therma...The relative location of inlets and outlets plays an important role in thermal comfort and energy conservation under ventilation modes for the building non-uniform indoor environment.Hence,a comparison study of thermal comfort and energy efficiency of eight widely-used ventilation modes for space heating was conducted in this study.Both subjective experiments and verified computational fluid dynamics(CFD)models were carried out.In the subjective experiments,the vote of local thermal sensation(LTS),overall thermal sensation(OTS)and draft sensation were collected.In the CFD simulations,RNG κ-ε model was applied to compare and analyze the air temperature field,turbulence intensity,ventilation effectiveness and air diffusion performance index(ADPI).The thermal comfort results showed that the air inlets are better located at the mid-height level of a wall,and the outlets are located at the same or higher height.While the results of the energy efficiency suggested that the inlets are better installed at the lower level of a wall,and the outlets should be placed far from the inlets.Since the results were conflict,the economic-comfort ratio was introduced to calculate and compare the thermal comfort and energy efficiency simultaneously.The final results concluded that it can achieve excellent thermal comfort performance without sacrificing energy efficiency when the inlets are at the height of 1.2 m of the front wall,and the outlets are at 1.2 m height of the back wall.Hence it is the best choice for the winter air distribution in northern China.This study can offer a guideline for the air terminal arrangements in non-uniform ventilation under heating mode.展开更多
Most of the existing loudness models are based on the diotic listening hypothesis,though human beings always hear in dichotic listening conditions.In this situation,the arithmetic mean of loudness at both ears is usua...Most of the existing loudness models are based on the diotic listening hypothesis,though human beings always hear in dichotic listening conditions.In this situation,the arithmetic mean of loudness at both ears is usually taken as the approximate value of overall perceived loudness,unaffected by the interaural level difference(ILD).The present work investigated the overall perceived loudness for pure tones in dichotic listening conditions through a subjective experiment.Two experimental procedures and systematic errors were investigated to prove the accuracy of the subjective test.The results showed that fluctuation was insignificant in the low frequency range,while apparent fluctuation of overall loudness could be observed at a high frequency.The overall loudness deviated from the arithmetic mean value as the ILD became larger.A revised model for overall loudness in dichotic listening conditions was proposed.The proposed model and experiment are consistent.展开更多
文摘The concept of ageing society includes the quantitative factor that there will be more and more older people according to population transitions. But, at the same time, qualitative factors such as quality of life, identity changes and the experience of high changes in the subjectivity need to be included alongside these quantitative factors. So, the purpose and significance of the paper indicate that is necessary to ensure structures that can tolerate the new scenarios of this current generation of older people, who seek new life options, renewed emotional perspectives and transgenerational confrontation with traditional models of ageing and grandparenthood.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12274350).
文摘A laboratory study of horizontal spatial effect is conducted to study the change and influence factors of annoyance on horizontal position of the source.Three typical acoustic signals in different azimuth angles can be obtained by filtering with the head related transfer function(HRTF).Then,the annoyance scores for each stimulus are marked and horizontal spatial distribution characteristics of annoyance are obtained.At last,correlation and regression analysis are performed based on the binaural acoustic parameters and annoyance results.The results show the consistent variations of the annoyance with azimuth angles of the three kinds of sounds.The range of annoyance caused by the azimuth is about−1−2 points on an 11-point scale.Annoyance is the lowest when the sound source is directly behind,and the highest when it is on the left and right.It is found that the relative binaural loudness or the binaural loudness difference has a significant influence on annoyance of three kinds of sounds,the relative binaural cross-correlation coefficient has a significant influence on wide-band sounds but not on narrowband sounds,and the type of parameters influencing the spatial effect is related to the frequency distribution of the observed signal.The main factors influencing the spatial effect are related to the overall perception of sound and also the differences between the ears.
基金This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51978231)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.E2019202452)the Hebei Province Funding Project for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars(No.C20190507).
文摘The relative location of inlets and outlets plays an important role in thermal comfort and energy conservation under ventilation modes for the building non-uniform indoor environment.Hence,a comparison study of thermal comfort and energy efficiency of eight widely-used ventilation modes for space heating was conducted in this study.Both subjective experiments and verified computational fluid dynamics(CFD)models were carried out.In the subjective experiments,the vote of local thermal sensation(LTS),overall thermal sensation(OTS)and draft sensation were collected.In the CFD simulations,RNG κ-ε model was applied to compare and analyze the air temperature field,turbulence intensity,ventilation effectiveness and air diffusion performance index(ADPI).The thermal comfort results showed that the air inlets are better located at the mid-height level of a wall,and the outlets are located at the same or higher height.While the results of the energy efficiency suggested that the inlets are better installed at the lower level of a wall,and the outlets should be placed far from the inlets.Since the results were conflict,the economic-comfort ratio was introduced to calculate and compare the thermal comfort and energy efficiency simultaneously.The final results concluded that it can achieve excellent thermal comfort performance without sacrificing energy efficiency when the inlets are at the height of 1.2 m of the front wall,and the outlets are at 1.2 m height of the back wall.Hence it is the best choice for the winter air distribution in northern China.This study can offer a guideline for the air terminal arrangements in non-uniform ventilation under heating mode.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.10674104)
文摘Most of the existing loudness models are based on the diotic listening hypothesis,though human beings always hear in dichotic listening conditions.In this situation,the arithmetic mean of loudness at both ears is usually taken as the approximate value of overall perceived loudness,unaffected by the interaural level difference(ILD).The present work investigated the overall perceived loudness for pure tones in dichotic listening conditions through a subjective experiment.Two experimental procedures and systematic errors were investigated to prove the accuracy of the subjective test.The results showed that fluctuation was insignificant in the low frequency range,while apparent fluctuation of overall loudness could be observed at a high frequency.The overall loudness deviated from the arithmetic mean value as the ILD became larger.A revised model for overall loudness in dichotic listening conditions was proposed.The proposed model and experiment are consistent.
