De Qi refers to a series of sensations experienced when acupuncture is performed at acupoints. De Qi comprises needling sensations felt by the patient, and the sensations perceived by the acupuncturist. Classical Trad...De Qi refers to a series of sensations experienced when acupuncture is performed at acupoints. De Qi comprises needling sensations felt by the patient, and the sensations perceived by the acupuncturist. Classical Traditional Chinese Medicine theory states that De Qi is closely related to curative effect.In modern studies, the main index that researchers have used to evaluate De Qi was the needling sensation reported by the patient. Between 1 st Aug and 31 st Oct 2014, we conducted an electronic database search of all fields in Chinese and English to select literature assessing acupuncture needle sensations. We then reviewed the methods used within these studies to evaluate De Qi. The methods included simple evaluation, and the use of a De Qi scale/questionnaire. The simple evaluation, a qualitative evaluation, was judged by typical sensations felt by the patient after needling at acupoints, such as soreness, numbness, fullness, and heaviness.This method was easy and practicable, and had been adopted widely by Chinese researchers. In contrast, the De Qi scale/questionnaire, a quantitative evaluation, had multiple compiling methods available for evaluating the intensity of De Qi. The standardization and objectification of the De Qi scale/questionnaire effectively improved the quality of studies on De Qi, thereby these scales/questionnaires have been acknowledged and applied by most researchers. The present review analyzed and compared the scales/questionnaires used to evaluate De Qi; furthermore, we provided suggestions for the development and improvement of these questionnaires through integration with classical De Qi theory.展开更多
With the implementation of the"rural revitalization"strategy,many traditional villages face the challenges of renewal and revitalization.A scientific and effective understanding of these renovation strategie...With the implementation of the"rural revitalization"strategy,many traditional villages face the challenges of renewal and revitalization.A scientific and effective understanding of these renovation strategies is crucial in the renewal design process.This study integrates eye-tracking technology and subjective evaluation methods to construct a research framework for assessing cognitive preferences regarding architectural renovation strategies in traditional villages.Three villages in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China—She Village,Lixiang Village,and Sujia Ideal Village—were selected as case studies.Subjective evaluation scores were obtained using a semantic differentiation(SD)questionnaire,and the weights of various evaluation dimensions were determined based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Eye-tracking experiments recorded subjects'observation processes of different remodeling spaces,producing focus heatmaps,areas of interest(AOI)maps,and corresponding eye movement data.The comprehensive analysis of these two aspects provides a more thorough understanding and evaluation of renovation strategies in traditional villages:(1)In architectural renovation,the most effective strategies are ranked as follows:block addition,facade renovation,juxtaposition of old and new,and overall reshaping.(2)The metrics of richness and recognizability show significant correlations with eye-tracking data,suggesting their importance in comprehensive analysis.(3)Both high and low subjective evaluation scores attract attention,indicating the need to integrate subjective evaluation results with eye-tracking data for accurate judgment.展开更多
The subjective evaluation of vehicle dynamics performance is widely applied in different stages of vehicle development.However,the rating result has frequently been challenged because it is easily affected by various ...The subjective evaluation of vehicle dynamics performance is widely applied in different stages of vehicle development.However,the rating result has frequently been challenged because it is easily affected by various subjective and objective factors.Currently,there is no suitable index for determining evaluator’s consistency when performing a subjective evalua-tion of vehicle dynamics.This evaluation is quite unique,with limited samples,multiple indices,and poor repeatability,in addition to being stratified and two dimensional.The cross-grouped factor analysis(CFA)method is proposed to identify the scale for a subjective evaluation and to quantify its consistency.An application case study revealed that the proposed method is effective.展开更多
Subjective scales have different kinds of applicability in diverse fields.This study intends to implement a quantitative approach to determine the applicability of subjective scales in manual as-sembly work and evalua...Subjective scales have different kinds of applicability in diverse fields.This study intends to implement a quantitative approach to determine the applicability of subjective scales in manual as-sembly work and evaluate the cognitive load of assembly workers.A multi-scale research paradigm based on subjective evaluation method is proposed.Three typical task stages are extracted from the process of assembly work.The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index(NASA-TLX)scale,PAAS scale and Workload Profile Index Ratings(WP)scale are selected for the design of 3×3 multi-factor mixed experiment.The power spectrum density(PSD)characteris-tics of electroencephalogram(EEG)are utilized to identify the difficulty levels of the three task sta-ges.The relevant indicators of scale applicability are assessed.The results show that in terms of sensitivity,NASA-TLX scale reaches the highest sensitivity(F=999.137,P=0<0.05).In terms of validity,NASA-TLX scale possesses the best concurrent validity(P=0.0255<0.05).In terms of diagnosticity,NASA-TLX scale based on 6 dimensions takes on the best diagnostic performance.In terms of subject acceptability,WP scale performs the worst.According to the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)model,the applicability scores of NASA-TLX scale,PAAS scale and WP scale are determined as 3,2.55 and 1.6714,respectively.Therefore,NASA-TLX scale is regarded as the most suitable subjective evaluation questionnaire for assembly workers,which is also an effective quantitative evaluation method for the cognitive load of assembly workers.展开更多
1.About CASEE The Chinese Academy of Science and Education Evaluation(CASEE),also known as the Chinese Academy of Evaluation Sciences(CAES),is a key evaluation and research institute established by Hangzhou Dianzi Uni...1.About CASEE The Chinese Academy of Science and Education Evaluation(CASEE),also known as the Chinese Academy of Evaluation Sciences(CAES),is a key evaluation and research institute established by Hangzhou Dianzi University in 2017.Prof.Junping Qiu,a well-known Chinese bibliometrican who has expertise in evaluation management and subsidized by the State Council of China,is the founder and the first president of CASEE.Under the leadership of Prof.Qiu,the CASEE attempts to achieve the following objectives.展开更多
In this paper, the mechanism of fabric-evoked prickle is discussed, which indicates that the mechanical stimuli aroused by the fiber ends on the fabric surface to the skin-sensory receptors are responsible for prickle...In this paper, the mechanism of fabric-evoked prickle is discussed, which indicates that the mechanical stimuli aroused by the fiber ends on the fabric surface to the skin-sensory receptors are responsible for prickle. The factors influencing the intensity of prickle are specialized and anatomized. Several means of sense estimate, including the corresponding statistical measures, are described. A few groping objective methods of evaluating prickle are analyzed, including the testing principles, the advantages and the disadvantages. At last, a new concept is proposed on the objective evaluation of prickle.展开更多
The effect of rating scales and test parts of body on the fabric-evoked prickle evaluation results are studied by carrying out subjective evaluation tests under controlled environment conditions （24 4±1）℃, （6...The effect of rating scales and test parts of body on the fabric-evoked prickle evaluation results are studied by carrying out subjective evaluation tests under controlled environment conditions （24 4±1）℃, （65 =l= 5） %RH. Ten college female students aged about 20 were chosen as the subjects, who have participated a preliminary training on subjective prickle evaluation. The prickle of a range of 9 light-weight worsted woven wool and wool blend fabrics and a cotton fabric were tested by using a 1 - 5 rating scale and using a 0 - 10 rating scale respectively at different test parts of body respectively such as forearm, upper arm ball and neck back. The test results were statistically analyzed. It is found that there is a significant correlation coefficient between the evaluation results of using the 1 - 5 rating scale and of using the 0- 10 rating scale. It is also found that there are highly significant correlation coefficients between the evaluation results of using the forearm prickle test and the neck back prickle test, between the evaluation results of using the neck back prickle test and the upper arm ball prickle test, and between the evaluation results of using the forearm prickle test and the upper arm ball prickle test. It is suggested that the forearm prickle test is preferable in evaluating fabric-evoked prickle for its convenience and sensitivity.展开更多
Comfort is one of the most important attributes demanded by bra consumers. It reflects the psychological feeling of a wearer.Different kinds of knitted fabric are chosen as bra samples in this paper. This subject stud...Comfort is one of the most important attributes demanded by bra consumers. It reflects the psychological feeling of a wearer.Different kinds of knitted fabric are chosen as bra samples in this paper. This subject studied the bra＇s comfort sensations by carrying out a series of subjective wear at temperature at 21± 2℃ and humidity of 65±3%. By exploratory analysis of the subjective ratings on 3 mainly sensory factors （thermal, moisture and tightness）, the relationships between 3 factors are studied under three conditions, before, during and after movement. This study is focused on subjective evaluation ofbra＇ s comfort sensations of made of different knitted fabrics. Finally, based on fuzzy theory, the comprehensive comfort sensations of these fabrics in different wear conditions are analyzed and evaluated.展开更多
1.About CASEE The Chinese Academy of Science and Education Evaluation(CASEE),also known as the Chinese Academy of Evaluation Sciences(CAES),is a key evaluation and research institute established by Hangzhou Dianzi Uni...1.About CASEE The Chinese Academy of Science and Education Evaluation(CASEE),also known as the Chinese Academy of Evaluation Sciences(CAES),is a key evaluation and research institute established by Hangzhou Dianzi University in 2017.Prof.展开更多
It is significant to process textures with special functions similar to animal surfaces based on bionics and improve the friction stability and contact comfort of contact surfaces for the surface texture design of tac...It is significant to process textures with special functions similar to animal surfaces based on bionics and improve the friction stability and contact comfort of contact surfaces for the surface texture design of tactile products.In this paper,a bionic hexagonal micro-convex texture was prepared on an acrylic surface by laser processing.The friction mechanism of a finger touching the bionic hexagonal micro-convex texture under different touch speeds and pressures,and the effect of the height of the texture on tactile perception were investigated by finite element,subjective evaluation,friction,and EEG tests.The results showed that the deformation friction was the main friction component when the finger touched the bionic hexagonal texture,and the slipperiness and friction factor showed a significant negative correlation.As the touch speed decreased or the touch force increased,the hysteresis friction of the fingers as well as the interlocking friction increased,and the slipperiness perception decreased.The bionic hexagonal texture with higher convexity caused a higher friction factor,lower slipperiness perception,and lower P300 peak.Hexagonal textures with lower convexity,lower friction factor,and higher slipperiness perception required greater brain attentional resources and intensity of tactile information processing during tactile perception.展开更多
To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,...To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ.展开更多
This study aimed at investigating the characteristics of table and graph that people perceive and the data types which people consider the two displays are most appropriate for. Participants in this survey were 195 te...This study aimed at investigating the characteristics of table and graph that people perceive and the data types which people consider the two displays are most appropriate for. Participants in this survey were 195 teachers and undergraduates from four universities in Beijing. The results showed people's different attitudes towards the two forms of display.展开更多
Subjective evaluation is one of the most important methods of assessing the fidelity of a virtual dynamic scene,whose results could be seen as a reference to improve a rendering method.In the present study,we apply a ...Subjective evaluation is one of the most important methods of assessing the fidelity of a virtual dynamic scene,whose results could be seen as a reference to improve a rendering method.In the present study,we apply a rendering method to the color rendezvous and docking(RVD) scene,where one shadow algorithm and three tone mapping operator algorithms are used to process the scene based on the distance between two spacecrafts.The grayscale RVD scene is transformed from the color RVD scene,and each RVD scene is desired to make comparisons with the real RVD-video recorded in SZ-10 mission.In addition,we perform an evaluation on 36 subjects to compare the results.The results show that shadow effects have important roles in RVD virtual scenes,where they enhance the sense of realism and immersion.Shadows,high brightness,contrast and luminance are highly correlated with the overall preference,and the grayscale scene receives better evaluations than the color scene.The analysis of these conclusions is vital for improving the algorithms used to render color virtual space scenes when virtual scenes for astronaut training in Chinese space station mission are prepared.展开更多
With the widespread application of electrification and intelligence of automobiles,the number of electric devices with small DC motors in automobiles has gradually increased,and the in-terior of electric vehicles is q...With the widespread application of electrification and intelligence of automobiles,the number of electric devices with small DC motors in automobiles has gradually increased,and the in-terior of electric vehicles is quieter.The sound quality(SQ)of small motor directly affects the pas-senger experience.Therefore,the research on the SQ of small motor is of great significance.In this paper,the objective quantification of small motor sound quality was investigated based on tradi-tional psychoacoustic metrics.The time-frequency characteristics of sound signal was analyzed to quantify the subjective perception caused by the sound of small motor.And a new psychoacoustic metrics of objective evaluation which were suitable for small motor SQ evaluation were proposed,namely specific loudness energy(SLE),specific prominence ratio index(SPRI),relative pitch exceedance(RPE)and tremolo index(TI).Then,two objective evaluation models of small motor SQ were established to characterize the multi-dimensional subjective perception attributes by using multiple linear regression(MLR)and support vector regression(SVR)respectively,which can be used for the prediction and evaluation of the small motor SQ.The results show that the prediction accuracy of the model established by SVR method was higher than that of MLR,and SVR has stronger robustness.The objective evaluation model of small motors SQ established in this study is of great importance for improving the sound quality of small motors.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of reducing driving fatigue with magnitopuncture stimuli on Dazhui (DU14) point and Neiguan (PC6) points using heart rate (HR), reaction time (RT) testing, critical ...The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of reducing driving fatigue with magnitopuncture stimuli on Dazhui (DU14) point and Neiguan (PC6) points using heart rate (HR), reaction time (RT) testing, critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) and subjective evaluation. Twenty healthy subjects were randomly divided into two groups: A-group (study group) and B-group (control group). All subjects were required to be well rested before the experiment. The subjects were engaged in high speed driving at a constant vehicle velocity of 80 km/h continuously for three hours on a test course simulating an expressway. During the driving magnitopunctures were applied to the Dazhui (DU14) point and Neiguan (PC6) points for the A-group when the subject performed the task for two and half hours, and for the B-group magnitopunctures were applied to non-acupuncture points at the same time session. In this study RT exbited a significant delay in B-group (P<0.01) but no found in A-group after the driving task. CFF and subjective evaluation also exhibited significant differences between the two groups after the driving task (P<0.05). The findings showed that magnitopuncture stimuli on Dazhui (DU14) point and Neiguan (PC6) points could reduce the effects of driving fatigue.展开更多
The main performance characteristics of garment fabric are analyzed and extracted,which include physical characteristics,appearance characteristics and subjective evaluation characteristics.A calculating model of fab...The main performance characteristics of garment fabric are analyzed and extracted,which include physical characteristics,appearance characteristics and subjective evaluation characteristics.A calculating model of fabric’s subjective evaluation is provided,which can be adjusted as the data increasing.The database system of garment fabric is analyzed,and then function design,concept design and logic design are carried out.The user interface(UI)design of garment fabric database system is described.The system can not only serve the fabric management and customization of garment enterprises,but also serve the teaching work of colleges and universities,because it is rich in information and convenient.It is of great significance to digital construction in the clothing field.展开更多
Insole fabric made of cotton / spandex blended was selected ,and 30 female college students or graduate whose body close to 160/84A were choose. Combined with the objective assessment of pressure test and subjective s...Insole fabric made of cotton / spandex blended was selected ,and 30 female college students or graduate whose body close to 160/84A were choose. Combined with the objective assessment of pressure test and subjective stress method to evaluate pressure comfort of shoe pad based on football movement. The results show that the pressure produced in different activities is different from the parts of human body .Every parts which support the clothing pressure are different, and the threshold of buffer against stress shoe pad pressure comfort were concluded.展开更多
Large language models(LLMs),such as ChatGPT,have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various tasks and attracted increasing interest as a natural language interface across many domains.Recently,large vision-langua...Large language models(LLMs),such as ChatGPT,have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various tasks and attracted increasing interest as a natural language interface across many domains.Recently,large vision-language models(VLMs)that learn rich vision–language correlation from image–text pairs,like BLIP-2 and GPT-4,have been intensively investigated.However,despite these developments,the application of LLMs and VLMs in image quality assessment(IQA),particularly in medical imaging,remains unexplored.This is valuable for objective performance evaluation and potential supplement or even replacement of radiologists’opinions.To this end,this study intro-duces IQAGPT,an innovative computed tomography(CT)IQA system that integrates image-quality captioning VLM with ChatGPT to generate quality scores and textual reports.First,a CT-IQA dataset comprising 1,000 CT slices with diverse quality levels is professionally annotated and compiled for training and evaluation.To better leverage the capabilities of LLMs,the annotated quality scores are converted into semantically rich text descriptions using a prompt template.Second,the image-quality captioning VLM is fine-tuned on the CT-IQA dataset to generate qual-ity descriptions.The captioning model fuses image and text features through cross-modal attention.Third,based on the quality descriptions,users verbally request ChatGPT to rate image-quality scores or produce radiological qual-ity reports.Results demonstrate the feasibility of assessing image quality using LLMs.The proposed IQAGPT outper-formed GPT-4 and CLIP-IQA,as well as multitask classification and regression models that solely rely on images.展开更多
This study aims to clarify the factors that form rice prices for different producing areas and brands in Japan, while ascertaining consumers＇ criteria in purchasing rice and their preference for taste in China, in or...This study aims to clarify the factors that form rice prices for different producing areas and brands in Japan, while ascertaining consumers＇ criteria in purchasing rice and their preference for taste in China, in order to establish the method to formulate an overseas marketing strategy for Japanese rice.展开更多
The courses based on computer system ability training has its particularity of training objective.To achieve objective feedback of teaching,a multi-subject and multi-dimensional hierarchical teaching evaluation system...The courses based on computer system ability training has its particularity of training objective.To achieve objective feedback of teaching,a multi-subject and multi-dimensional hierarchical teaching evaluation system is proposed based on the analysis of computer system ability training objectives.Then,the teaching content,implementation,learning experience and teaching effect were evaluated by supervisors,colleague teachers and students.Finally,the multi-dimensional evaluation results show that the evaluation system proposed is effective and provides a reference for teaching evaluation.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)-The Effect of De Qi on Acupoint Specific Effect Based on Meridians and its Characteristics and Molecular Response Mechanisms(No.2012CB518506)Research on Acupoint Specificity in Regulating Uterus(No.2006CB504503)Research on Laws of Acupoint Effects(No.2005CB523308)
文摘De Qi refers to a series of sensations experienced when acupuncture is performed at acupoints. De Qi comprises needling sensations felt by the patient, and the sensations perceived by the acupuncturist. Classical Traditional Chinese Medicine theory states that De Qi is closely related to curative effect.In modern studies, the main index that researchers have used to evaluate De Qi was the needling sensation reported by the patient. Between 1 st Aug and 31 st Oct 2014, we conducted an electronic database search of all fields in Chinese and English to select literature assessing acupuncture needle sensations. We then reviewed the methods used within these studies to evaluate De Qi. The methods included simple evaluation, and the use of a De Qi scale/questionnaire. The simple evaluation, a qualitative evaluation, was judged by typical sensations felt by the patient after needling at acupoints, such as soreness, numbness, fullness, and heaviness.This method was easy and practicable, and had been adopted widely by Chinese researchers. In contrast, the De Qi scale/questionnaire, a quantitative evaluation, had multiple compiling methods available for evaluating the intensity of De Qi. The standardization and objectification of the De Qi scale/questionnaire effectively improved the quality of studies on De Qi, thereby these scales/questionnaires have been acknowledged and applied by most researchers. The present review analyzed and compared the scales/questionnaires used to evaluate De Qi; furthermore, we provided suggestions for the development and improvement of these questionnaires through integration with classical De Qi theory.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant Nos.2022YFC3800300,2022YFC3800304)the University-Industry Collaborative Education Program of the Ministry of Education,China(Grant No.202101042020)。
文摘With the implementation of the"rural revitalization"strategy,many traditional villages face the challenges of renewal and revitalization.A scientific and effective understanding of these renovation strategies is crucial in the renewal design process.This study integrates eye-tracking technology and subjective evaluation methods to construct a research framework for assessing cognitive preferences regarding architectural renovation strategies in traditional villages.Three villages in Nanjing,Jiangsu Province,China—She Village,Lixiang Village,and Sujia Ideal Village—were selected as case studies.Subjective evaluation scores were obtained using a semantic differentiation(SD)questionnaire,and the weights of various evaluation dimensions were determined based on the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).Eye-tracking experiments recorded subjects'observation processes of different remodeling spaces,producing focus heatmaps,areas of interest(AOI)maps,and corresponding eye movement data.The comprehensive analysis of these two aspects provides a more thorough understanding and evaluation of renovation strategies in traditional villages:(1)In architectural renovation,the most effective strategies are ranked as follows:block addition,facade renovation,juxtaposition of old and new,and overall reshaping.(2)The metrics of richness and recognizability show significant correlations with eye-tracking data,suggesting their importance in comprehensive analysis.(3)Both high and low subjective evaluation scores attract attention,indicating the need to integrate subjective evaluation results with eye-tracking data for accurate judgment.
文摘The subjective evaluation of vehicle dynamics performance is widely applied in different stages of vehicle development.However,the rating result has frequently been challenged because it is easily affected by various subjective and objective factors.Currently,there is no suitable index for determining evaluator’s consistency when performing a subjective evalua-tion of vehicle dynamics.This evaluation is quite unique,with limited samples,multiple indices,and poor repeatability,in addition to being stratified and two dimensional.The cross-grouped factor analysis(CFA)method is proposed to identify the scale for a subjective evaluation and to quantify its consistency.An application case study revealed that the proposed method is effective.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51775325)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U21A20121)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Ningbo(No.2023Z218)the Young Eastern Scholars Program of Shanghai(No.QD2016033).
文摘Subjective scales have different kinds of applicability in diverse fields.This study intends to implement a quantitative approach to determine the applicability of subjective scales in manual as-sembly work and evaluate the cognitive load of assembly workers.A multi-scale research paradigm based on subjective evaluation method is proposed.Three typical task stages are extracted from the process of assembly work.The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index(NASA-TLX)scale,PAAS scale and Workload Profile Index Ratings(WP)scale are selected for the design of 3×3 multi-factor mixed experiment.The power spectrum density(PSD)characteris-tics of electroencephalogram(EEG)are utilized to identify the difficulty levels of the three task sta-ges.The relevant indicators of scale applicability are assessed.The results show that in terms of sensitivity,NASA-TLX scale reaches the highest sensitivity(F=999.137,P=0<0.05).In terms of validity,NASA-TLX scale possesses the best concurrent validity(P=0.0255<0.05).In terms of diagnosticity,NASA-TLX scale based on 6 dimensions takes on the best diagnostic performance.In terms of subject acceptability,WP scale performs the worst.According to the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)model,the applicability scores of NASA-TLX scale,PAAS scale and WP scale are determined as 3,2.55 and 1.6714,respectively.Therefore,NASA-TLX scale is regarded as the most suitable subjective evaluation questionnaire for assembly workers,which is also an effective quantitative evaluation method for the cognitive load of assembly workers.
文摘1.About CASEE The Chinese Academy of Science and Education Evaluation(CASEE),also known as the Chinese Academy of Evaluation Sciences(CAES),is a key evaluation and research institute established by Hangzhou Dianzi University in 2017.Prof.Junping Qiu,a well-known Chinese bibliometrican who has expertise in evaluation management and subsidized by the State Council of China,is the founder and the first president of CASEE.Under the leadership of Prof.Qiu,the CASEE attempts to achieve the following objectives.
文摘In this paper, the mechanism of fabric-evoked prickle is discussed, which indicates that the mechanical stimuli aroused by the fiber ends on the fabric surface to the skin-sensory receptors are responsible for prickle. The factors influencing the intensity of prickle are specialized and anatomized. Several means of sense estimate, including the corresponding statistical measures, are described. A few groping objective methods of evaluating prickle are analyzed, including the testing principles, the advantages and the disadvantages. At last, a new concept is proposed on the objective evaluation of prickle.
文摘The effect of rating scales and test parts of body on the fabric-evoked prickle evaluation results are studied by carrying out subjective evaluation tests under controlled environment conditions （24 4±1）℃, （65 =l= 5） %RH. Ten college female students aged about 20 were chosen as the subjects, who have participated a preliminary training on subjective prickle evaluation. The prickle of a range of 9 light-weight worsted woven wool and wool blend fabrics and a cotton fabric were tested by using a 1 - 5 rating scale and using a 0 - 10 rating scale respectively at different test parts of body respectively such as forearm, upper arm ball and neck back. The test results were statistically analyzed. It is found that there is a significant correlation coefficient between the evaluation results of using the 1 - 5 rating scale and of using the 0- 10 rating scale. It is also found that there are highly significant correlation coefficients between the evaluation results of using the forearm prickle test and the neck back prickle test, between the evaluation results of using the neck back prickle test and the upper arm ball prickle test, and between the evaluation results of using the forearm prickle test and the upper arm ball prickle test. It is suggested that the forearm prickle test is preferable in evaluating fabric-evoked prickle for its convenience and sensitivity.
文摘Comfort is one of the most important attributes demanded by bra consumers. It reflects the psychological feeling of a wearer.Different kinds of knitted fabric are chosen as bra samples in this paper. This subject studied the bra＇s comfort sensations by carrying out a series of subjective wear at temperature at 21± 2℃ and humidity of 65±3%. By exploratory analysis of the subjective ratings on 3 mainly sensory factors （thermal, moisture and tightness）, the relationships between 3 factors are studied under three conditions, before, during and after movement. This study is focused on subjective evaluation ofbra＇ s comfort sensations of made of different knitted fabrics. Finally, based on fuzzy theory, the comprehensive comfort sensations of these fabrics in different wear conditions are analyzed and evaluated.
文摘1.About CASEE The Chinese Academy of Science and Education Evaluation(CASEE),also known as the Chinese Academy of Evaluation Sciences(CAES),is a key evaluation and research institute established by Hangzhou Dianzi University in 2017.Prof.
基金the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(No.48)。
文摘It is significant to process textures with special functions similar to animal surfaces based on bionics and improve the friction stability and contact comfort of contact surfaces for the surface texture design of tactile products.In this paper,a bionic hexagonal micro-convex texture was prepared on an acrylic surface by laser processing.The friction mechanism of a finger touching the bionic hexagonal micro-convex texture under different touch speeds and pressures,and the effect of the height of the texture on tactile perception were investigated by finite element,subjective evaluation,friction,and EEG tests.The results showed that the deformation friction was the main friction component when the finger touched the bionic hexagonal texture,and the slipperiness and friction factor showed a significant negative correlation.As the touch speed decreased or the touch force increased,the hysteresis friction of the fingers as well as the interlocking friction increased,and the slipperiness perception decreased.The bionic hexagonal texture with higher convexity caused a higher friction factor,lower slipperiness perception,and lower P300 peak.Hexagonal textures with lower convexity,lower friction factor,and higher slipperiness perception required greater brain attentional resources and intensity of tactile information processing during tactile perception.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50878078)
文摘To study the indoor air qualities（IAQ）of large commercial office buildings in Hunan province of China and the corresponding improvement methods,the IAQ of a large commercial office building in Changsha in July,2008,is investigated.A questionnaire survey and field tests are used to collect data.According to the data of twelve rooms in this building,objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ are obtained.Almost all of the environmental parameters in these rooms basically meet the standards of the objective evaluation.But the average concentration of carbon dioxide in most rooms cannot reach the value of the cleanliness standards,1 255 mg/m^3.The average acceptability of the IAQ in these rooms is 71%,which is lower than the value of the ASHRAE 55—1992 standards,80%.The proper increase in the wind speed and the indoor fresh air supply can greatly improve the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation of the IAQ.
基金Project supported partly by the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No. 2002B312103)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 3027466)the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘This study aimed at investigating the characteristics of table and graph that people perceive and the data types which people consider the two displays are most appropriate for. Participants in this survey were 195 teachers and undergraduates from four universities in Beijing. The results showed people's different attitudes towards the two forms of display.
基金the department of aerospace flight simulator in China Astronaut Research and Training Centerfor providing experimental facility and fund
文摘Subjective evaluation is one of the most important methods of assessing the fidelity of a virtual dynamic scene,whose results could be seen as a reference to improve a rendering method.In the present study,we apply a rendering method to the color rendezvous and docking(RVD) scene,where one shadow algorithm and three tone mapping operator algorithms are used to process the scene based on the distance between two spacecrafts.The grayscale RVD scene is transformed from the color RVD scene,and each RVD scene is desired to make comparisons with the real RVD-video recorded in SZ-10 mission.In addition,we perform an evaluation on 36 subjects to compare the results.The results show that shadow effects have important roles in RVD virtual scenes,where they enhance the sense of realism and immersion.Shadows,high brightness,contrast and luminance are highly correlated with the overall preference,and the grayscale scene receives better evaluations than the color scene.The analysis of these conclusions is vital for improving the algorithms used to render color virtual space scenes when virtual scenes for astronaut training in Chinese space station mission are prepared.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Found-ation of China(No.5217051173)。
文摘With the widespread application of electrification and intelligence of automobiles,the number of electric devices with small DC motors in automobiles has gradually increased,and the in-terior of electric vehicles is quieter.The sound quality(SQ)of small motor directly affects the pas-senger experience.Therefore,the research on the SQ of small motor is of great significance.In this paper,the objective quantification of small motor sound quality was investigated based on tradi-tional psychoacoustic metrics.The time-frequency characteristics of sound signal was analyzed to quantify the subjective perception caused by the sound of small motor.And a new psychoacoustic metrics of objective evaluation which were suitable for small motor SQ evaluation were proposed,namely specific loudness energy(SLE),specific prominence ratio index(SPRI),relative pitch exceedance(RPE)and tremolo index(TI).Then,two objective evaluation models of small motor SQ were established to characterize the multi-dimensional subjective perception attributes by using multiple linear regression(MLR)and support vector regression(SVR)respectively,which can be used for the prediction and evaluation of the small motor SQ.The results show that the prediction accuracy of the model established by SVR method was higher than that of MLR,and SVR has stronger robustness.The objective evaluation model of small motors SQ established in this study is of great importance for improving the sound quality of small motors.
文摘The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of reducing driving fatigue with magnitopuncture stimuli on Dazhui (DU14) point and Neiguan (PC6) points using heart rate (HR), reaction time (RT) testing, critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) and subjective evaluation. Twenty healthy subjects were randomly divided into two groups: A-group (study group) and B-group (control group). All subjects were required to be well rested before the experiment. The subjects were engaged in high speed driving at a constant vehicle velocity of 80 km/h continuously for three hours on a test course simulating an expressway. During the driving magnitopunctures were applied to the Dazhui (DU14) point and Neiguan (PC6) points for the A-group when the subject performed the task for two and half hours, and for the B-group magnitopunctures were applied to non-acupuncture points at the same time session. In this study RT exbited a significant delay in B-group (P<0.01) but no found in A-group after the driving task. CFF and subjective evaluation also exhibited significant differences between the two groups after the driving task (P<0.05). The findings showed that magnitopuncture stimuli on Dazhui (DU14) point and Neiguan (PC6) points could reduce the effects of driving fatigue.
基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation of China(No.4222044)。
文摘The main performance characteristics of garment fabric are analyzed and extracted,which include physical characteristics,appearance characteristics and subjective evaluation characteristics.A calculating model of fabric’s subjective evaluation is provided,which can be adjusted as the data increasing.The database system of garment fabric is analyzed,and then function design,concept design and logic design are carried out.The user interface(UI)design of garment fabric database system is described.The system can not only serve the fabric management and customization of garment enterprises,but also serve the teaching work of colleges and universities,because it is rich in information and convenient.It is of great significance to digital construction in the clothing field.
文摘Insole fabric made of cotton / spandex blended was selected ,and 30 female college students or graduate whose body close to 160/84A were choose. Combined with the objective assessment of pressure test and subjective stress method to evaluate pressure comfort of shoe pad based on football movement. The results show that the pressure produced in different activities is different from the parts of human body .Every parts which support the clothing pressure are different, and the threshold of buffer against stress shoe pad pressure comfort were concluded.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.62101136Shanghai Sailing Program,No.21YF1402800National Institutes of Health,Nos.R01CA237267,R01HL151561,R01EB031102,and R01EB032716.
文摘Large language models(LLMs),such as ChatGPT,have demonstrated impressive capabilities in various tasks and attracted increasing interest as a natural language interface across many domains.Recently,large vision-language models(VLMs)that learn rich vision–language correlation from image–text pairs,like BLIP-2 and GPT-4,have been intensively investigated.However,despite these developments,the application of LLMs and VLMs in image quality assessment(IQA),particularly in medical imaging,remains unexplored.This is valuable for objective performance evaluation and potential supplement or even replacement of radiologists’opinions.To this end,this study intro-duces IQAGPT,an innovative computed tomography(CT)IQA system that integrates image-quality captioning VLM with ChatGPT to generate quality scores and textual reports.First,a CT-IQA dataset comprising 1,000 CT slices with diverse quality levels is professionally annotated and compiled for training and evaluation.To better leverage the capabilities of LLMs,the annotated quality scores are converted into semantically rich text descriptions using a prompt template.Second,the image-quality captioning VLM is fine-tuned on the CT-IQA dataset to generate qual-ity descriptions.The captioning model fuses image and text features through cross-modal attention.Third,based on the quality descriptions,users verbally request ChatGPT to rate image-quality scores or produce radiological qual-ity reports.Results demonstrate the feasibility of assessing image quality using LLMs.The proposed IQAGPT outper-formed GPT-4 and CLIP-IQA,as well as multitask classification and regression models that solely rely on images.
文摘This study aims to clarify the factors that form rice prices for different producing areas and brands in Japan, while ascertaining consumers＇ criteria in purchasing rice and their preference for taste in China, in order to establish the method to formulate an overseas marketing strategy for Japanese rice.
文摘The courses based on computer system ability training has its particularity of training objective.To achieve objective feedback of teaching,a multi-subject and multi-dimensional hierarchical teaching evaluation system is proposed based on the analysis of computer system ability training objectives.Then,the teaching content,implementation,learning experience and teaching effect were evaluated by supervisors,colleague teachers and students.Finally,the multi-dimensional evaluation results show that the evaluation system proposed is effective and provides a reference for teaching evaluation.
