Using a sample of over 90,000 urban and rura1 residents from the Chinese Social Survey(CSS)and China Genera1 Social Survey(CGSS)from 2003 to 2013,we analyzed the structural features and influencing factors underlying ...Using a sample of over 90,000 urban and rura1 residents from the Chinese Social Survey(CSS)and China Genera1 Social Survey(CGSS)from 2003 to 2013,we analyzed the structural features and influencing factors underlying subjective social status in China.Our findings indicate that over these years,such identification has consistently assumed the shape of a bowling pin:those who“identify with a low social status”account for more than half of respondents,a much higher proportion than in most countries.At the individual level,the net effect on subjective social status of such objective indicators as education,income and occupation has been relatively small,and lessened over the ten years.The correlation between subjective perceptions of mobility and subjective social status is quite strong,but the upward impetus provided by perceptions of upward mobility weakened over the period.At the macro-level,the tempo of economic growth failed to raise the level of class identification,and income inequality had a markedly negative effect.Our research findings further demonstrate that curbing the income gap and increasing opportunities for mobility are important for raising the level of class identification during the transition period.展开更多
Background: Many studies examined and reported oral and general health inequalities in clinical health, SROH and SRH. Objectives: The study aims to explore the social influences, gradients and predictors of self-rated...Background: Many studies examined and reported oral and general health inequalities in clinical health, SROH and SRH. Objectives: The study aims to explore the social influences, gradients and predictors of self-rated oral health (SROH) and self-rated health (SRH) and wellbeing in Greek adults. Methods: Cross-sectional study, of men and women, aged 65 years and over (N = 743) in Greece. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed for dentate and edentulous participants. For the association between socioeconomic exposures and binary outcomes, logistic regression was performed to estimate Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (OR, 95% CI);levels of association and Cramer’s V were applied to calculate associations and p-values. Results: The objective socioeconomic measures, such as household income, education level and last main occupation were significant predictors and determinants of both SROH and self-rated health (SRH). For Satisfaction with life (SWL), there was a diversity in the results analogous to the dental status of the participants. Household income and SSS were predictors of SWL in dentate participants. In the total sample Household income, occupation and SSS, were predictors of SWL, while in edentulous participants only occupation and SSS were statistically significant (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Subjective social status was statistically significant for SROH, SRH and SWL (<em>p</em> < 0.01). More men than women reported their SROH and SRH as good. Household income and SSS were predictors of SWL, in dentate participants, thus the better the income and the higher the relative social status, the higher feeling of SWL was recorded. Place of residence had significant associations only with SWL. Household income, education, occupation and SSS had significant levels of association with SROH and SRH in dentate participants (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Conclusion: There are socioeconomic gradient inequalities in SROH and SRH in Greek adults living in Attica area. Subjective social status is a predictor of SROH, SRH and SWL. The need to prioritize interventions to eliminate disparities and inequalities in oral and general health and wellbeing of elders is evident.展开更多
Previous research has detailed how social status affects the willingness to have children.However,subjective social status(SSS)derived from a comparison with a reference group also has an important impact on fertility...Previous research has detailed how social status affects the willingness to have children.However,subjective social status(SSS)derived from a comparison with a reference group also has an important impact on fertility desire.This study explores the relationship between the past,present,and future SSS and fertility desire,using data from the Chinese General Social Survey,a nationally representative population survey conducted in 2017(N=4,864).The study found that the individual’s fertility desire is positively enhanced by the current SSS,the expected SSS in the future,and the upward trend of SSS throughout the course of life.Compared with the group with a low level of SSS and with little change in SSS,the fertility desire of the group with"Rising first and then stable"SSS and"Rising"SSS significantly increased.The results suggest that the expectation of positive changes in social status will stimulate fertility desires and produce long-term family plans.With the rapid development of China’s social economy and the positive response to the low fertility rate,social policies should be adopted to open up channels for the protection and improvement of the social status of citizens and to achieve an increase of fertility desire.展开更多
Under the new curriculum standard, junior high school physics teaching should be based on students' lifelong development and aim at improving all students' scientific literacy, so that each student's poten...Under the new curriculum standard, junior high school physics teaching should be based on students' lifelong development and aim at improving all students' scientific literacy, so that each student's potential can be developed. So, how should teachers teach physics well and how can students learn physics well? Based on the in-depth study of junior high school physics classroom teaching, it is believed that if students want to have a good physics class and learn physics well, they must first combine the characteristics of the subject, effectively stimulate their interest in learning, change "Want me to learn" to "I want to learn", and enable students to have a "Happy learning" mentality;Then give full play to the leading role of teachers and fully highlight the students' dominant position;It is also necessary to widely apply multimedia and modern information technology, give full play to the teaching advantages of multimedia technology, speed up the students' learning process, and cultivate students' thinking ability and innovative spirit. It is also necessary to sincerely care for the students, carefully care for the students and establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students.展开更多
Background It is well known that patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection are experiencing both physical and psychological pressures.However,no previous studies have examined whether the psychological sta...Background It is well known that patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection are experiencing both physical and psychological pressures.However,no previous studies have examined whether the psychological state of HCV patients changes after treatment with direct-acting antivirals(DAAs).Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted using the following scales:1.The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale;2.The Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale;3.Global Assessment of Functioning Scale;4.Life Event Checklist;5.Patient Health Questionnaire-9;6.Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology;7.The 12-item Short Form Health Survey;8.Stigma;9.Subjective social status.Cohort members were included if they had HCV infection and were willing to receive DAAs therapy.Results Global Assessment of Functioning Scale score and subjective social status score were significantly different in HCV patients without DAAs treatment compared with HCV patients after treatment with DAAs(P<0.05).We found no significant differences in other scales.Conclusions The current findings suggested that there was no change in the psychological status of HCV patients after treatment with DAAs except for the patient's sense of their position.展开更多
基金financial support from the National Social Science Fund of China Project “Study of the Strutural Features and Dynamic Mechanism of Subjective Social Classification of Chinese Citizens”(No.:16BSH011)
文摘Using a sample of over 90,000 urban and rura1 residents from the Chinese Social Survey(CSS)and China Genera1 Social Survey(CGSS)from 2003 to 2013,we analyzed the structural features and influencing factors underlying subjective social status in China.Our findings indicate that over these years,such identification has consistently assumed the shape of a bowling pin:those who“identify with a low social status”account for more than half of respondents,a much higher proportion than in most countries.At the individual level,the net effect on subjective social status of such objective indicators as education,income and occupation has been relatively small,and lessened over the ten years.The correlation between subjective perceptions of mobility and subjective social status is quite strong,but the upward impetus provided by perceptions of upward mobility weakened over the period.At the macro-level,the tempo of economic growth failed to raise the level of class identification,and income inequality had a markedly negative effect.Our research findings further demonstrate that curbing the income gap and increasing opportunities for mobility are important for raising the level of class identification during the transition period.
文摘Background: Many studies examined and reported oral and general health inequalities in clinical health, SROH and SRH. Objectives: The study aims to explore the social influences, gradients and predictors of self-rated oral health (SROH) and self-rated health (SRH) and wellbeing in Greek adults. Methods: Cross-sectional study, of men and women, aged 65 years and over (N = 743) in Greece. Descriptive and statistical analyses were performed for dentate and edentulous participants. For the association between socioeconomic exposures and binary outcomes, logistic regression was performed to estimate Odds Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals (OR, 95% CI);levels of association and Cramer’s V were applied to calculate associations and p-values. Results: The objective socioeconomic measures, such as household income, education level and last main occupation were significant predictors and determinants of both SROH and self-rated health (SRH). For Satisfaction with life (SWL), there was a diversity in the results analogous to the dental status of the participants. Household income and SSS were predictors of SWL in dentate participants. In the total sample Household income, occupation and SSS, were predictors of SWL, while in edentulous participants only occupation and SSS were statistically significant (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Subjective social status was statistically significant for SROH, SRH and SWL (<em>p</em> < 0.01). More men than women reported their SROH and SRH as good. Household income and SSS were predictors of SWL, in dentate participants, thus the better the income and the higher the relative social status, the higher feeling of SWL was recorded. Place of residence had significant associations only with SWL. Household income, education, occupation and SSS had significant levels of association with SROH and SRH in dentate participants (<em>p</em> < 0.05). Conclusion: There are socioeconomic gradient inequalities in SROH and SRH in Greek adults living in Attica area. Subjective social status is a predictor of SROH, SRH and SWL. The need to prioritize interventions to eliminate disparities and inequalities in oral and general health and wellbeing of elders is evident.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Peking University,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.7100604137).
文摘Previous research has detailed how social status affects the willingness to have children.However,subjective social status(SSS)derived from a comparison with a reference group also has an important impact on fertility desire.This study explores the relationship between the past,present,and future SSS and fertility desire,using data from the Chinese General Social Survey,a nationally representative population survey conducted in 2017(N=4,864).The study found that the individual’s fertility desire is positively enhanced by the current SSS,the expected SSS in the future,and the upward trend of SSS throughout the course of life.Compared with the group with a low level of SSS and with little change in SSS,the fertility desire of the group with"Rising first and then stable"SSS and"Rising"SSS significantly increased.The results suggest that the expectation of positive changes in social status will stimulate fertility desires and produce long-term family plans.With the rapid development of China’s social economy and the positive response to the low fertility rate,social policies should be adopted to open up channels for the protection and improvement of the social status of citizens and to achieve an increase of fertility desire.
文摘Under the new curriculum standard, junior high school physics teaching should be based on students' lifelong development and aim at improving all students' scientific literacy, so that each student's potential can be developed. So, how should teachers teach physics well and how can students learn physics well? Based on the in-depth study of junior high school physics classroom teaching, it is believed that if students want to have a good physics class and learn physics well, they must first combine the characteristics of the subject, effectively stimulate their interest in learning, change "Want me to learn" to "I want to learn", and enable students to have a "Happy learning" mentality;Then give full play to the leading role of teachers and fully highlight the students' dominant position;It is also necessary to widely apply multimedia and modern information technology, give full play to the teaching advantages of multimedia technology, speed up the students' learning process, and cultivate students' thinking ability and innovative spirit. It is also necessary to sincerely care for the students, carefully care for the students and establish a harmonious relationship between teachers and students.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of Ministry of Science and Technology,(2022YFC2304400)High-level public health technical talents of Beijing Municipal Health Commission(Academic Leader-02-14)+1 种基金Beijing Hospitals Authority’s Ascent Plan(DFL20241701)Beijing Science and Technology New Star program cross-cooperation project(20230484455)
文摘Background It is well known that patients with chronic hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection are experiencing both physical and psychological pressures.However,no previous studies have examined whether the psychological state of HCV patients changes after treatment with direct-acting antivirals(DAAs).Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted using the following scales:1.The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale;2.The Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale;3.Global Assessment of Functioning Scale;4.Life Event Checklist;5.Patient Health Questionnaire-9;6.Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology;7.The 12-item Short Form Health Survey;8.Stigma;9.Subjective social status.Cohort members were included if they had HCV infection and were willing to receive DAAs therapy.Results Global Assessment of Functioning Scale score and subjective social status score were significantly different in HCV patients without DAAs treatment compared with HCV patients after treatment with DAAs(P<0.05).We found no significant differences in other scales.Conclusions The current findings suggested that there was no change in the psychological status of HCV patients after treatment with DAAs except for the patient's sense of their position.
