Aim The aim of this survey was to compare Chinese natives and foreign inhabitants in Chengdu, China, with respect to： （1） attitudes towards dental appearance, （2） subjective orthodontic treatment need, and （3） ...Aim The aim of this survey was to compare Chinese natives and foreign inhabitants in Chengdu, China, with respect to： （1） attitudes towards dental appearance, （2） subjective orthodontic treatment need, and （3） the main factors influencing orthodontic treatment need. Methodology A total of 522 subjects, including 227 foreign inhabitants and 295 Chinese natives in Chengdu participated in the survey. A simple random sampling method was adopted and a face-to-face interview was conducted at some public sites using a questionnaire. Data was entered by two persons synchronously using Epidata 3.0, and SPSS 13.0 was used to analyze these data. Results 89.0% of foreign inhabitants were satisfied with their teeth compared to only 46.8% of Chinese natives. Females were more dissatisfied with their teeth than males. Chinese natives put improving appearance as the top priority （55.9%） for seeking orthodontic treatment; however, in foreign inhabitants, the main reason for seeking treatment was to improve masticatory function（44.1%）, followed by ＂to be pretty＂ （35.2%）. The importance of well-aligned teeth and self-perception of psychosocial impact of malocclusion were the same two main factors influencing subjective orthodontic treatment need （P〈0.05） in foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. Sub- jective orthodontic treatment need between the two target groups was significantly different （P〈0.05）. Conclusion （1） It was very common that Chinese natives were dissatisfied with their dental appearance, and their subjective orthodontic treatment needs were high. （2） There were some differences in orthodontic treatment motives between the two target groups. （3） There were differences in subjective orthodontic treatment needs between foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. However, the prominent influential factors were almost the same. There may be benefit to understanding subjective orthodontic needs of different races.展开更多
BACKGROUND Despite therapeutic benefits,discontinuation of tirzepatide is common in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)due to adverse events(AEs)and other causes.No previous systematic reviews have explored the reasons...BACKGROUND Despite therapeutic benefits,discontinuation of tirzepatide is common in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)due to adverse events(AEs)and other causes.No previous systematic reviews have explored the reasons for discontinuing tirzepatide in the RCTs.AIM To explore the reasons for permanent discontinuation of tirzepatide vs controls[placebo,insulin,and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1Ras)]in RCTs.METHODS Relevant RCTs were systematically searched using related terms through multiple databases such as MEDLINE(via PubMed),Scopus,Cochrane Central Register,and ClinicalTrials.gov from their inception until June 20,2024.RevMan web was used to conduct meta-analysis using random-effects models.Outcomes were presented as risk ratios(RR)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS Seventeen RCTs(n=14645),mostly having low risks of bias,were analyzed.Compared to placebo,the risk of permanent discontinuation of the study drug was substantially lower with tirzepatide 10 mg(RR:0.69,95%CI:0.51-0.93,P=0.02)and similar with tirzepatide 5 mg(RR:0.74,95%CI:0.47-1.17,P=0.20)and 15 mg(RR:0.94,95%CI:0.68-1.31,P=0.71).Tirzepatide had identical discontinuation risks when compared to insulin at 5 mg(RR:0.96,95%CI:0.75-1.24,P=0.77)and 10 mg(RR:1.19,95%CI:0.77-1.82,P=0.44)doses,whereas such risk was higher with tirzepatide 15 mg than insulin(RR:1.31,95%CI:1.03-1.67,P=0.03).Compared to GLP-1RA,the permanent discontinuation risk was similar with tirzepatide 5 mg(RR:0.98,95%CI:0.70-1.37,P=0.90)but was higher with tirzepatide 10 mg(RR:1.40,95%CI:1.03-1.90,P=0.03)and 15 mg(RR:1.70,95%CI:1.27-2.27,P=0.0004).Tirzepatide,at all doses,had higher risks of AE-related discontinuation than insulin;such risks were only greater with higher doses of tirzepatide than with placebo or GLP-1RA.Discontinuation risk due to withdrawal by the study subjects was lower with tirzepatide than with placebo or insulin.Compared to the placebo,tirzepatide(all doses)conferred a lower risk of study drug discontinuation due to other causes not specifically mentioned.CONCLUSION The discontinuation risk is not higher in tirzepatide group than in the placebo arm.Many factors other than AEs led to drug discontinuation in the included RCTs.展开更多
The new situations were analyzed for nuclear industry development and security. Besides nuclear wars and terrorism, reactor runaway and un-ruled radioactive source are the main nuclear accidents in peacetime. With the...The new situations were analyzed for nuclear industry development and security. Besides nuclear wars and terrorism, reactor runaway and un-ruled radioactive source are the main nuclear accidents in peacetime. With the active development of the nuclear industry in China, the existing nuclear education system is becoming deficient or defective. Human factors play an important role in nuclear accident prevention and emergency response in the nuclear engineering system, non-nuclear professional staff are often the subject of personnel in most nuclear projects. In order to ensure the sustainable and efficient accord development of nuclear industry, general nuclear education is necessary for correlative non-nuclear professionals, such as technologies, management, safety, culture and ethic. The nuclear safety education should be included into the national education system.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of lip-mouth region including the soft and hard tissues in smiling position with frontal fixed position photographic computer-aided analysis were studied. METHODS: The subjects were 80 p...OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of lip-mouth region including the soft and hard tissues in smiling position with frontal fixed position photographic computer-aided analysis were studied. METHODS: The subjects were 80 persons (40 male and 40 females, age range: 17 to approximately 25 years) with acceptable faces and individual normal occlusions. The subjects were asked to take maximum smiling position to accept photographic measurement with computer-aided analysis. RESULTS: The maximum smile line could be divided into 3 categories: low smile line (16.25%), average smile line (68.75%), and high smile line (15%). CONCLUSION: The method adopting maximum smiling position to study the lip-month region is reproducible and comparable. This study would be helpful to provide a quantitative reference for clinical investigation, diagnosis, treatment and efficacy appraisal.展开更多
基金supported by the Sichuan University Students' Scientific Research Project
文摘Aim The aim of this survey was to compare Chinese natives and foreign inhabitants in Chengdu, China, with respect to： （1） attitudes towards dental appearance, （2） subjective orthodontic treatment need, and （3） the main factors influencing orthodontic treatment need. Methodology A total of 522 subjects, including 227 foreign inhabitants and 295 Chinese natives in Chengdu participated in the survey. A simple random sampling method was adopted and a face-to-face interview was conducted at some public sites using a questionnaire. Data was entered by two persons synchronously using Epidata 3.0, and SPSS 13.0 was used to analyze these data. Results 89.0% of foreign inhabitants were satisfied with their teeth compared to only 46.8% of Chinese natives. Females were more dissatisfied with their teeth than males. Chinese natives put improving appearance as the top priority （55.9%） for seeking orthodontic treatment; however, in foreign inhabitants, the main reason for seeking treatment was to improve masticatory function（44.1%）, followed by ＂to be pretty＂ （35.2%）. The importance of well-aligned teeth and self-perception of psychosocial impact of malocclusion were the same two main factors influencing subjective orthodontic treatment need （P〈0.05） in foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. Sub- jective orthodontic treatment need between the two target groups was significantly different （P〈0.05）. Conclusion （1） It was very common that Chinese natives were dissatisfied with their dental appearance, and their subjective orthodontic treatment needs were high. （2） There were some differences in orthodontic treatment motives between the two target groups. （3） There were differences in subjective orthodontic treatment needs between foreign inhabitants and Chinese natives. However, the prominent influential factors were almost the same. There may be benefit to understanding subjective orthodontic needs of different races.
文摘BACKGROUND Despite therapeutic benefits,discontinuation of tirzepatide is common in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)due to adverse events(AEs)and other causes.No previous systematic reviews have explored the reasons for discontinuing tirzepatide in the RCTs.AIM To explore the reasons for permanent discontinuation of tirzepatide vs controls[placebo,insulin,and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1Ras)]in RCTs.METHODS Relevant RCTs were systematically searched using related terms through multiple databases such as MEDLINE(via PubMed),Scopus,Cochrane Central Register,and ClinicalTrials.gov from their inception until June 20,2024.RevMan web was used to conduct meta-analysis using random-effects models.Outcomes were presented as risk ratios(RR)with 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS Seventeen RCTs(n=14645),mostly having low risks of bias,were analyzed.Compared to placebo,the risk of permanent discontinuation of the study drug was substantially lower with tirzepatide 10 mg(RR:0.69,95%CI:0.51-0.93,P=0.02)and similar with tirzepatide 5 mg(RR:0.74,95%CI:0.47-1.17,P=0.20)and 15 mg(RR:0.94,95%CI:0.68-1.31,P=0.71).Tirzepatide had identical discontinuation risks when compared to insulin at 5 mg(RR:0.96,95%CI:0.75-1.24,P=0.77)and 10 mg(RR:1.19,95%CI:0.77-1.82,P=0.44)doses,whereas such risk was higher with tirzepatide 15 mg than insulin(RR:1.31,95%CI:1.03-1.67,P=0.03).Compared to GLP-1RA,the permanent discontinuation risk was similar with tirzepatide 5 mg(RR:0.98,95%CI:0.70-1.37,P=0.90)but was higher with tirzepatide 10 mg(RR:1.40,95%CI:1.03-1.90,P=0.03)and 15 mg(RR:1.70,95%CI:1.27-2.27,P=0.0004).Tirzepatide,at all doses,had higher risks of AE-related discontinuation than insulin;such risks were only greater with higher doses of tirzepatide than with placebo or GLP-1RA.Discontinuation risk due to withdrawal by the study subjects was lower with tirzepatide than with placebo or insulin.Compared to the placebo,tirzepatide(all doses)conferred a lower risk of study drug discontinuation due to other causes not specifically mentioned.CONCLUSION The discontinuation risk is not higher in tirzepatide group than in the placebo arm.Many factors other than AEs led to drug discontinuation in the included RCTs.
文摘The new situations were analyzed for nuclear industry development and security. Besides nuclear wars and terrorism, reactor runaway and un-ruled radioactive source are the main nuclear accidents in peacetime. With the active development of the nuclear industry in China, the existing nuclear education system is becoming deficient or defective. Human factors play an important role in nuclear accident prevention and emergency response in the nuclear engineering system, non-nuclear professional staff are often the subject of personnel in most nuclear projects. In order to ensure the sustainable and efficient accord development of nuclear industry, general nuclear education is necessary for correlative non-nuclear professionals, such as technologies, management, safety, culture and ethic. The nuclear safety education should be included into the national education system.
文摘OBJECTIVE: The characteristics of lip-mouth region including the soft and hard tissues in smiling position with frontal fixed position photographic computer-aided analysis were studied. METHODS: The subjects were 80 persons (40 male and 40 females, age range: 17 to approximately 25 years) with acceptable faces and individual normal occlusions. The subjects were asked to take maximum smiling position to accept photographic measurement with computer-aided analysis. RESULTS: The maximum smile line could be divided into 3 categories: low smile line (16.25%), average smile line (68.75%), and high smile line (15%). CONCLUSION: The method adopting maximum smiling position to study the lip-month region is reproducible and comparable. This study would be helpful to provide a quantitative reference for clinical investigation, diagnosis, treatment and efficacy appraisal.
