Throughout the past years, the important role of translators has always been overlooked. The invisibility was even taken as one of the standards of a good translator. However, great change happens, especially after th...Throughout the past years, the important role of translators has always been overlooked. The invisibility was even taken as one of the standards of a good translator. However, great change happens, especially after the"culture turn"in translation study and the role of the translators has been laid emphasis on. This kind of sharp change has led to two extreme thoughts on this issue: scholars choose either total invisibility or complete subjectivity. This paper puts forward an inter-subjective system, in which the subjectivity should be emphasized only with constraints. The other subjects in the inter-subjective system contribute to the restriction of the subjectivity of the translator during the translation process.By writing this paper, the author wishes to present a comprehensive and balanced way of understanding translators' subjectivity. Therefore, no matter analyzing the translation process or evaluating translation products, people will be more objective towards the role of translators.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of spherical equivalent(SE) estimates of a double-pass system and to compare it with retinoscopy,subjective refraction and a table mounted autorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegic refraction ...AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of spherical equivalent(SE) estimates of a double-pass system and to compare it with retinoscopy,subjective refraction and a table mounted autorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegic refraction was performed on 125 eyes of 65 healthy adults(age 23.5±3.0 years) from October 2010 to January 2011 using retinoscopy,subjective refraction,autorefraction(Auto kerato refractometer TOPCON KR-8100,Japan) and a double pass system(Optical Quality Analysis System,OQAS,Visiometrics S.L.,Spain).Nine consecutive measurements with the double-pass system were performed on a subgroup of 22 eyes to assess repeatability.To evaluate the trueness of the OQAS instrument,the SE laboratory bias between the double pass system and the other techniques was calculated.RESULTS:The SE mean coefficient of repeatability obtained was 0.22D.Significant correlations could be established between the OQAS and the SE obtained with retinoscopy(r=0.956,P【0.001),subjective refraction(r=0.955,P【0.001) and autorefraction(r=0.957,P【0.001).The differences in SE between the double-pass system and the other techniques were significant(P【0.001),but lacked clinical relevance except for retinoscopy;Retinoscopy gave more hyperopic values than the double-pass system-0.51±0.50D as well as the subjective refraction-0.23±0.50D;More myopic values were achieved by means of autorefraction 0.24±0.49D. CONCLUSION:The double-pass system provides accurate and reliable estimates of the SE that can be used for clinical studies.This technique can determine the correct focus position to assess the ocular optical quality.However,it has a relatively small measuring range in comparison with autorefractors(-8.00 to +5.00D),and requires prior information on the refractive state of the patient.展开更多
Subjective visual vertical(SVV)and subjective visual horizontal(SVH)tests can be used to evaluate the perception of verticality and horizontality,respectively,and can aid the diagnosis of otolith dysfunction in clinic...Subjective visual vertical(SVV)and subjective visual horizontal(SVH)tests can be used to evaluate the perception of verticality and horizontality,respectively,and can aid the diagnosis of otolith dysfunction in clinical practice.In this study,SVV and SVH screen version tests are implemented using virtual reality(VR)equipment;the proposed test method promotes a more immersive feeling for the subject while using a simple equipment configuration and possessing excellent mobility.To verify the performance of the proposed VR-based SVV and SVH tests,a reliable comparison was made between the traditional screen-based SVV and SVH tests and the proposed method,based on 30 healthy subjects.The average results of our experimental tests on the VR-based binocular SVV and SVH equipment were−0.15◦±1.74 and 0.60◦±1.18,respectively.The proposed VR-based method satisfies the normal tolerance for horizontal or vertical lines,i.e.,a±3◦error,as defined in previous studies,and it can be used to replace existing test methods.展开更多
A new approach to model and control an unknown system using subjective uncertain rules is proposed. This method is established by combining the grey system theory and the qualitative simulation method. The proposed ap...A new approach to model and control an unknown system using subjective uncertain rules is proposed. This method is established by combining the grey system theory and the qualitative simulation method. The proposed approach mainly contains three steps. In the first step, subjective uncertain rules are accumulated gradually during cognizing the system; the mapping relations between the system inputs and outputs are built and represented using the grey qualitative matrix in the second step; in the third step,the generalized whitening function is defined to realize the transformation between qualitative and quantitative information. Besides the theoretical results, two sets of simulations based on a water level control system are conducted comparatively to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The water level expectation is set to be constant in the first set, while it changes in the second set. The simulation results show that the proposed method tracks the water level expectation well. By combining the proposed method with proportional-integral-derivative(PID) or fuzzy logic controller(FLC), it can be concluded that the system can reach the stable state more quickly and the overshoot can also be reduced compared to using PID or FLC alone.展开更多
Objective:Cancer survivors have experienced subjective cognitive impairment(SCI)when they received cancer diagnoses or treatments.Their psychosocial and emotional statuses were also impacted.With the advancement of we...Objective:Cancer survivors have experienced subjective cognitive impairment(SCI)when they received cancer diagnoses or treatments.Their psychosocial and emotional statuses were also impacted.With the advancement of web technologies,web-based cognitive interventions have been implemented in the management and the alleviation of the SCI,the psychosocial distress,and the emotional distress in cancer survivors.This review aimed to summarize the intervention contents of web-based cognitive interventions for SCI,and to explore the effects of the interventions on SCI,psychosocial status,and emotional health.Methods:Six databases(CINAHL Plus,Cochrane Library,Embase,APA PsycInfo,PubMed and CNKI)were searched from the establishment of databases up to December 2023.Literature references were also manually searched for related articles.Results:This review contained 21 studies that covered the contents of web-based cognitive interventions,such as computer-assisted cognitive training,online cognitive rehabilitation,cognitive behavior therapy with the Internet,telehealth physical exercise,and web-based mindfulness interventions.The effects of web-based cognitive interventions positively impacted SCI for cancer survivors.Also,these interventions showed varying degrees of effectiveness in alleviating psychosocial and emotional distresses.Conclusion:By summarizingfive types of cognitive intervention contents delivered via web technology,this review demonstrated that web-based cognitive interventions optimized SCI and overall psychosocial and emotional statuses for the cancer survivors.It is recommended that future research focus on the development of customized web-based cognitive interventions for individuals with SCI,along with their psychosocial and emotional statuses.展开更多
From subject,object and target subsystems,we analyze the rural human resource development system.The subject system includes government,education and training organizations,society,and rural human resource itself.Diff...From subject,object and target subsystems,we analyze the rural human resource development system.The subject system includes government,education and training organizations,society,and rural human resource itself.Different development subject bears different responsibility.Object system includes farmers engaged in farming,farmer workers,rural unemployed people,rural students,rural left-behind people,and other people in rural areas.Different development object has different features.Development target system includes raising quality of rural human resource,keeping reasonable population size,optimizing structure of rural human resource,and improving vitality of rural human resource,etc.展开更多
Most of the spam filtering techniques are based on objective methods such as the content filtering and DNS/reverse DNS checks. Recently, some cooperative subjective spam filtering techniques are proposed. Objective me...Most of the spam filtering techniques are based on objective methods such as the content filtering and DNS/reverse DNS checks. Recently, some cooperative subjective spam filtering techniques are proposed. Objective methods suffer from the false positive and false negative classification. Objective methods based on the content filtering are time consuming and resource demanding. They are inaccurate and require continuous update to cope with newly invented spammer’s tricks. On the other side, the existing subjective proposals have some drawbacks like the attacks from malicious users that make them unreliable and the privacy. In this paper, we propose an efficient spam filtering system that is based on a smart cooperative subjective technique for content filtering in addition to the fastest and the most reliable non-content-based objective methods. The system combines several applications. The first is a web-based system that we have developed based on the proposed technique. A server application having extra features suitable for the enterprises and closed work groups is a second part of the system. Another part is a set of standard web services that allow any existing email server or email client to interact with the system. It allows the email servers to query the system for email filtering. They can also allow the users via the mail user agents to participate in the subjective spam filtering problem.展开更多
Social security fund is the foundation of the social security to run, so to strengthen the supervision of social security fund, and promote the sustainable development of it is particularly important. However, the sup...Social security fund is the foundation of the social security to run, so to strengthen the supervision of social security fund, and promote the sustainable development of it is particularly important. However, the supervision of social security fund of China exists many difficulties at present. In this paper ,the author will be based on the angle of the diversity of regulation, and put forward some relevant suggestions to improve the system of supervision of social security fund.展开更多
Leveraging the Baidu Qianfan model platform,this paper designs and implements a highly efficient and accurate scoring system for subjective questions,focusing primarily on questions in the field of computer network te...Leveraging the Baidu Qianfan model platform,this paper designs and implements a highly efficient and accurate scoring system for subjective questions,focusing primarily on questions in the field of computer network technology.The system enhances the foundational model by utilizing Qianfan’s training tools and integrating advanced techniques,such as supervised fine-tuning.In the data preparation phase,a comprehensive collection of subjective data related to computer network technology is gathered,cleaned,and labeled.During model training and evaluation,optimal hyperparameters and tuning strategies are applied,resulting in a model capable of scoring with high accuracy.Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed model performs well across multiple dimensions-content,expression,and development scores-yielding results comparable to those of manual scoring.展开更多
Quanming Lu,Prosessor,Changjiang Distinguished Professor,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars.Rongbin Zhou,Prosessor,Changjiang Distinguished Professor,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young S...Quanming Lu,Prosessor,Changjiang Distinguished Professor,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars.Rongbin Zhou,Prosessor,Changjiang Distinguished Professor,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,Deputy Director,Life Sciences and Medicine,USTC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavi...BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavior,and subjective well-being in the Indian population.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study.The recruited participants were evaluated using the BtP Scale,World Health Organzation-5 Well-Being index,Patient Health Ques-tionnaire-2,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item,Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale.RESULTS A total of 401 participants were recruited for the study.Symptoms of anxiety were higher in the female participants compared to males.Among females,there was a significant positive correlation between BtP score with symptoms of anxiety(r=0.23)and depression(r=0.15)and a negative correlation with subjective wellbeing(r=-0.23).A significant negative correlation was found between the ages of women and BtP score(r=-0.15).Among the male participants,there was a significant negative correlation of age with BtP score(r=-0.3)and anxiety(r=-0.19).Here,too,the BtP score was positively correlated with depression(r=0.18)and anxiety(r=0.35).CONCLUSION BtP worsens anxiety,depression,sleep quality,and subjective well-being.It needs to be targeted for the promotion and prevention of mental health.展开更多
Migration is a potential strategy to reduce poverty in the Global South.In China,the Poverty-alleviation Relocation(PAR)is a government-led,large-scale migration initiative aimed at eliminating poverty and promoting e...Migration is a potential strategy to reduce poverty in the Global South.In China,the Poverty-alleviation Relocation(PAR)is a government-led,large-scale migration initiative aimed at eliminating poverty and promoting environmental sustainability.To examine the ecological and socio-economic effects of the PAR,we quantified the changes in five types of ecosystem services(ES)as well as the subjective well-being of rural residents in Fuping county,Hebei province of China,by using ES mapping,household survey,and semi-structured interviews.We found that the PAR improves people's quality of life,with the well-being scores associated with transportation,communication,education,and healthcare increasing by 0.45–0.81.Additionally,the PAR enhances the supply of ES,evidenced by the increases in four types of ES in both in-migration and out-migration areas.The ES growth rates in in-migration areas ranged from 0.7%to 3.9%,while in out-migration areas,the rates ranged from 0.4%to 2.5%.However,the changes in income and food well-being are minimal,with scores at 0 and 0.32,respectively.More importantly,the elderly and low-educated residents experience minimal improvements in well-being after relocation.Our findings suggest that for other developing countries seeking to adopt PAR,it is crucial to provide targeted support for livelihood transitions,particularly for marginalized social groups,restore out-migration areas,and strengthen cross-regional cooperation to better address ecological constraints on livelihoods.展开更多
Background Adolescents’subjective well-being(SWB)is strongly linked to mental health,academic achievement,social relationships,and quality of life,and is a key predictor of life outcomes in adulthood.Mental health an...Background Adolescents’subjective well-being(SWB)is strongly linked to mental health,academic achievement,social relationships,and quality of life,and is a key predictor of life outcomes in adulthood.Mental health and addictive behaviors are the two main factors influencing SWB.This study aimed to identify key mental health and addictive behavior factors associated with adolescent SWB through machine learning models.Methods The data for this study comes from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children(HBSC)survey 2017/18.The study data contains health data from 60,450 adolescents aged 10–16 years.The study used the XGBoost machine learning model to analyze the impact of mental health and addictive behaviors on adolescent SWB.Gain was used to analyze the significance of the variables.The direction of action of the variables and the interaction between the variables were analyzed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)method.Results The model in this study has an accuracy of 86.7%and an AUC value of 0.85,showing its good predictive performance.Six key variables were filtered through Gain analysis.Feeling low and health as the two most important factors affecting SWB,with these two variables contributing 51.38%and 19.65%,respectively.Friends and thinking body as major factors influencing SWB in mental health.Smoking lifetime and sweets as major factors influencing SWB in addictive behaviors.The interactions and characteristic dependencies between these variables were further analyzed.The results showed that feeling low,friends,and sweets had a positive effect on SWB,while health and smoking lifetime showed a negative effect.In addition,a moderate thinking body contributes to SWB,whereas being too fat and too thin are both associated with decreased levels of SWB.Conclusion Mental health and addictive behavioral factors such as feeling low,friends,sweets,and smoking lifetime were significant factors influencing SWB.This provides a scientific basis for the development of public health policies and interventions aimed at enhancing adolescent well-being.展开更多
Subjective well-being is a key indicator of quality of life and a crucial factor for successful aging among older adults.However,few studies have explored the subjective well-being among older adults from the perspect...Subjective well-being is a key indicator of quality of life and a crucial factor for successful aging among older adults.However,few studies have explored the subjective well-being among older adults from the perspective of digital literacy.Therefore,this study explores the relationship between digital literacy and subjective well-being using data on 4270 older adults from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)dataset.PROCESS mediation analysis results indicated digital literacy is associated with higher subjective well-being among the older adults.Digital literacy was associated with the frequency of physical exercise and consumption.Moreover,Digital literacy can also enhance the subjective well-being among older adults by increasing the frequency of physical exercise,and consumption,and a chain mediator subjective well-being.These findings align with the theoretical framework of digital health literacy.Theory which posits that health information obtained through digital literacy can help older adults better engage in healthy lifestyles,thereby enhancing their quality of life.These findings hold significant practical implications for enhancing the subjective well-being among older adults and advancing the development of successful aging.展开更多
Although the English article system is ostensibly composed of two basic forms,“a/an”and“the”actual usage demonstrates a high degree of semantic complexity and cognitive diversity.Traditional grammatical frameworks...Although the English article system is ostensibly composed of two basic forms,“a/an”and“the”actual usage demonstrates a high degree of semantic complexity and cognitive diversity.Traditional grammatical frameworks often treat article usage through a dichotomy of“specific vs.non-specific reference”,yet struggle to effectively explain numerous marginal and unconventional linguistic phenomena,such as expressions like“go to the hospital”and“a Mr.Brown”.With the development of cognitive linguistics,language is viewed as an externalization of mental activity,and the intrinsic connection between linguistic structure and cognitive mechanisms has gained increasing attention.This paper,grounded in Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar theory,systematically analyzes the semantic construction process and cognitive motivations of English articles by integrating cognitive mechanisms such as figure-ground alignment,subjectivity,and mental spaces.By combining typical sentence examples,the paper reveals the deep cognitive structures underlying article usage from the dual perspectives of semantic representation and communicative function,aiming to provide a more explanatory theoretical framework for the grammatical teaching and cognitive research of English articles.展开更多
Unlike traditional literature where animals are often portrayed allegorically as mere symbols,in Pulitzer Prize winner Jane Smiley’s The Horses of Oak Valley Ranch series,the portrayal of horses underscores their dis...Unlike traditional literature where animals are often portrayed allegorically as mere symbols,in Pulitzer Prize winner Jane Smiley’s The Horses of Oak Valley Ranch series,the portrayal of horses underscores their distinct individuality and autonomy.Focusing on three novels in the series-A Good Horse,True Blue,and Pie in the Sky,this paper analyzes how Smiley crafts a narrative that resists anthropocentrism and validates the subjectivity of nonhuman animals.By examining the unique reactions of horses in various situations,such as their differing facial expressions before a jump,their various responses to feeding and grooming,and their individualistic moving behaviors,this study reveals how Smiley highlights the psychological and physical diversity within a single species.The horses’individual traits are portrayed not as mere animal instinct but as conscious,intentional responses that signify their agency.Drawing on Marc Bekoff’s defense of animal individuality,Val Plumwood’s condemnation of anthropocentrism,and Cynthia Willett’s critique of speciesism,the paper argues that Smiley’s representation of equine individualistic behaviors is an affirmation of the inherent subjectivity of animals.Through these detailed descriptions,Smiley challenges the Cartesian notion of animals as mere automatons and encourages readers to recognize animals as complex individuals.Ultimately,this study emphasizes the significance of acknowledging animal subjectivity in fostering a more ethical and harmonious human-animal relationship.展开更多
文摘Throughout the past years, the important role of translators has always been overlooked. The invisibility was even taken as one of the standards of a good translator. However, great change happens, especially after the"culture turn"in translation study and the role of the translators has been laid emphasis on. This kind of sharp change has led to two extreme thoughts on this issue: scholars choose either total invisibility or complete subjectivity. This paper puts forward an inter-subjective system, in which the subjectivity should be emphasized only with constraints. The other subjects in the inter-subjective system contribute to the restriction of the subjectivity of the translator during the translation process.By writing this paper, the author wishes to present a comprehensive and balanced way of understanding translators' subjectivity. Therefore, no matter analyzing the translation process or evaluating translation products, people will be more objective towards the role of translators.
基金Spanish Ministry of Education and Science(No.DPI2008-06455-C02-01)European Union and the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation(AECI)(No.D/030286/10)
文摘AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of spherical equivalent(SE) estimates of a double-pass system and to compare it with retinoscopy,subjective refraction and a table mounted autorefractor.METHODS:Non-cycloplegic refraction was performed on 125 eyes of 65 healthy adults(age 23.5±3.0 years) from October 2010 to January 2011 using retinoscopy,subjective refraction,autorefraction(Auto kerato refractometer TOPCON KR-8100,Japan) and a double pass system(Optical Quality Analysis System,OQAS,Visiometrics S.L.,Spain).Nine consecutive measurements with the double-pass system were performed on a subgroup of 22 eyes to assess repeatability.To evaluate the trueness of the OQAS instrument,the SE laboratory bias between the double pass system and the other techniques was calculated.RESULTS:The SE mean coefficient of repeatability obtained was 0.22D.Significant correlations could be established between the OQAS and the SE obtained with retinoscopy(r=0.956,P【0.001),subjective refraction(r=0.955,P【0.001) and autorefraction(r=0.957,P【0.001).The differences in SE between the double-pass system and the other techniques were significant(P【0.001),but lacked clinical relevance except for retinoscopy;Retinoscopy gave more hyperopic values than the double-pass system-0.51±0.50D as well as the subjective refraction-0.23±0.50D;More myopic values were achieved by means of autorefraction 0.24±0.49D. CONCLUSION:The double-pass system provides accurate and reliable estimates of the SE that can be used for clinical studies.This technique can determine the correct focus position to assess the ocular optical quality.However,it has a relatively small measuring range in comparison with autorefractors(-8.00 to +5.00D),and requires prior information on the refractive state of the patient.
基金supported by the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund and 2018 Ulsan University Hospital Research Grant(UUH-2018-12)(Grantee:JYP,http://www.uuh.ulsan.kr).The authors are grateful for their supports.
文摘Subjective visual vertical(SVV)and subjective visual horizontal(SVH)tests can be used to evaluate the perception of verticality and horizontality,respectively,and can aid the diagnosis of otolith dysfunction in clinical practice.In this study,SVV and SVH screen version tests are implemented using virtual reality(VR)equipment;the proposed test method promotes a more immersive feeling for the subject while using a simple equipment configuration and possessing excellent mobility.To verify the performance of the proposed VR-based SVV and SVH tests,a reliable comparison was made between the traditional screen-based SVV and SVH tests and the proposed method,based on 30 healthy subjects.The average results of our experimental tests on the VR-based binocular SVV and SVH equipment were−0.15◦±1.74 and 0.60◦±1.18,respectively.The proposed VR-based method satisfies the normal tolerance for horizontal or vertical lines,i.e.,a±3◦error,as defined in previous studies,and it can be used to replace existing test methods.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61075073 and 61375079)
文摘A new approach to model and control an unknown system using subjective uncertain rules is proposed. This method is established by combining the grey system theory and the qualitative simulation method. The proposed approach mainly contains three steps. In the first step, subjective uncertain rules are accumulated gradually during cognizing the system; the mapping relations between the system inputs and outputs are built and represented using the grey qualitative matrix in the second step; in the third step,the generalized whitening function is defined to realize the transformation between qualitative and quantitative information. Besides the theoretical results, two sets of simulations based on a water level control system are conducted comparatively to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The water level expectation is set to be constant in the first set, while it changes in the second set. The simulation results show that the proposed method tracks the water level expectation well. By combining the proposed method with proportional-integral-derivative(PID) or fuzzy logic controller(FLC), it can be concluded that the system can reach the stable state more quickly and the overshoot can also be reduced compared to using PID or FLC alone.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China supports this review(No.82172844)The funder had no role in study design,data collection and analysis,manuscript preparation,or decision to publish.
文摘Objective:Cancer survivors have experienced subjective cognitive impairment(SCI)when they received cancer diagnoses or treatments.Their psychosocial and emotional statuses were also impacted.With the advancement of web technologies,web-based cognitive interventions have been implemented in the management and the alleviation of the SCI,the psychosocial distress,and the emotional distress in cancer survivors.This review aimed to summarize the intervention contents of web-based cognitive interventions for SCI,and to explore the effects of the interventions on SCI,psychosocial status,and emotional health.Methods:Six databases(CINAHL Plus,Cochrane Library,Embase,APA PsycInfo,PubMed and CNKI)were searched from the establishment of databases up to December 2023.Literature references were also manually searched for related articles.Results:This review contained 21 studies that covered the contents of web-based cognitive interventions,such as computer-assisted cognitive training,online cognitive rehabilitation,cognitive behavior therapy with the Internet,telehealth physical exercise,and web-based mindfulness interventions.The effects of web-based cognitive interventions positively impacted SCI for cancer survivors.Also,these interventions showed varying degrees of effectiveness in alleviating psychosocial and emotional distresses.Conclusion:By summarizingfive types of cognitive intervention contents delivered via web technology,this review demonstrated that web-based cognitive interventions optimized SCI and overall psychosocial and emotional statuses for the cancer survivors.It is recommended that future research focus on the development of customized web-based cognitive interventions for individuals with SCI,along with their psychosocial and emotional statuses.
基金Supported by Project of National Social Science Foundation(09XMZ055)General Program of Scientific Research Project of Guangxi Provincial Department of Education(200911MS104)
文摘From subject,object and target subsystems,we analyze the rural human resource development system.The subject system includes government,education and training organizations,society,and rural human resource itself.Different development subject bears different responsibility.Object system includes farmers engaged in farming,farmer workers,rural unemployed people,rural students,rural left-behind people,and other people in rural areas.Different development object has different features.Development target system includes raising quality of rural human resource,keeping reasonable population size,optimizing structure of rural human resource,and improving vitality of rural human resource,etc.
文摘Most of the spam filtering techniques are based on objective methods such as the content filtering and DNS/reverse DNS checks. Recently, some cooperative subjective spam filtering techniques are proposed. Objective methods suffer from the false positive and false negative classification. Objective methods based on the content filtering are time consuming and resource demanding. They are inaccurate and require continuous update to cope with newly invented spammer’s tricks. On the other side, the existing subjective proposals have some drawbacks like the attacks from malicious users that make them unreliable and the privacy. In this paper, we propose an efficient spam filtering system that is based on a smart cooperative subjective technique for content filtering in addition to the fastest and the most reliable non-content-based objective methods. The system combines several applications. The first is a web-based system that we have developed based on the proposed technique. A server application having extra features suitable for the enterprises and closed work groups is a second part of the system. Another part is a set of standard web services that allow any existing email server or email client to interact with the system. It allows the email servers to query the system for email filtering. They can also allow the users via the mail user agents to participate in the subjective spam filtering problem.
文摘Social security fund is the foundation of the social security to run, so to strengthen the supervision of social security fund, and promote the sustainable development of it is particularly important. However, the supervision of social security fund of China exists many difficulties at present. In this paper ,the author will be based on the angle of the diversity of regulation, and put forward some relevant suggestions to improve the system of supervision of social security fund.
文摘Leveraging the Baidu Qianfan model platform,this paper designs and implements a highly efficient and accurate scoring system for subjective questions,focusing primarily on questions in the field of computer network technology.The system enhances the foundational model by utilizing Qianfan’s training tools and integrating advanced techniques,such as supervised fine-tuning.In the data preparation phase,a comprehensive collection of subjective data related to computer network technology is gathered,cleaned,and labeled.During model training and evaluation,optimal hyperparameters and tuning strategies are applied,resulting in a model capable of scoring with high accuracy.Evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed model performs well across multiple dimensions-content,expression,and development scores-yielding results comparable to those of manual scoring.
文摘Quanming Lu,Prosessor,Changjiang Distinguished Professor,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars.Rongbin Zhou,Prosessor,Changjiang Distinguished Professor,National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,Deputy Director,Life Sciences and Medicine,USTC.
文摘BACKGROUND Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society,and bedtime procrastination(BtP)has become a significant cause of poor sleep among healthy individuals across various countries.AIM To study BtP,sleep behavior,and subjective well-being in the Indian population.METHODS This was a cross-sectional study.The recruited participants were evaluated using the BtP Scale,World Health Organzation-5 Well-Being index,Patient Health Ques-tionnaire-2,Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item,Munich Chronotype Questionnaire and Single-Item Sleep Quality Scale.RESULTS A total of 401 participants were recruited for the study.Symptoms of anxiety were higher in the female participants compared to males.Among females,there was a significant positive correlation between BtP score with symptoms of anxiety(r=0.23)and depression(r=0.15)and a negative correlation with subjective wellbeing(r=-0.23).A significant negative correlation was found between the ages of women and BtP score(r=-0.15).Among the male participants,there was a significant negative correlation of age with BtP score(r=-0.3)and anxiety(r=-0.19).Here,too,the BtP score was positively correlated with depression(r=0.18)and anxiety(r=0.35).CONCLUSION BtP worsens anxiety,depression,sleep quality,and subjective well-being.It needs to be targeted for the promotion and prevention of mental health.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42361144859Team Construction Project of Faculty of Geographical Science,BNU,No.2024-JXTD-03,No.2024-KYTD-09The Beijing Normal University Tang Scholar,No.2021。
文摘Migration is a potential strategy to reduce poverty in the Global South.In China,the Poverty-alleviation Relocation(PAR)is a government-led,large-scale migration initiative aimed at eliminating poverty and promoting environmental sustainability.To examine the ecological and socio-economic effects of the PAR,we quantified the changes in five types of ecosystem services(ES)as well as the subjective well-being of rural residents in Fuping county,Hebei province of China,by using ES mapping,household survey,and semi-structured interviews.We found that the PAR improves people's quality of life,with the well-being scores associated with transportation,communication,education,and healthcare increasing by 0.45–0.81.Additionally,the PAR enhances the supply of ES,evidenced by the increases in four types of ES in both in-migration and out-migration areas.The ES growth rates in in-migration areas ranged from 0.7%to 3.9%,while in out-migration areas,the rates ranged from 0.4%to 2.5%.However,the changes in income and food well-being are minimal,with scores at 0 and 0.32,respectively.More importantly,the elderly and low-educated residents experience minimal improvements in well-being after relocation.Our findings suggest that for other developing countries seeking to adopt PAR,it is crucial to provide targeted support for livelihood transitions,particularly for marginalized social groups,restore out-migration areas,and strengthen cross-regional cooperation to better address ecological constraints on livelihoods.
基金funded by the National Social Science Fund of China(GrantNo.24CTJ019).
文摘Background Adolescents’subjective well-being(SWB)is strongly linked to mental health,academic achievement,social relationships,and quality of life,and is a key predictor of life outcomes in adulthood.Mental health and addictive behaviors are the two main factors influencing SWB.This study aimed to identify key mental health and addictive behavior factors associated with adolescent SWB through machine learning models.Methods The data for this study comes from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children(HBSC)survey 2017/18.The study data contains health data from 60,450 adolescents aged 10–16 years.The study used the XGBoost machine learning model to analyze the impact of mental health and addictive behaviors on adolescent SWB.Gain was used to analyze the significance of the variables.The direction of action of the variables and the interaction between the variables were analyzed using the SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP)method.Results The model in this study has an accuracy of 86.7%and an AUC value of 0.85,showing its good predictive performance.Six key variables were filtered through Gain analysis.Feeling low and health as the two most important factors affecting SWB,with these two variables contributing 51.38%and 19.65%,respectively.Friends and thinking body as major factors influencing SWB in mental health.Smoking lifetime and sweets as major factors influencing SWB in addictive behaviors.The interactions and characteristic dependencies between these variables were further analyzed.The results showed that feeling low,friends,and sweets had a positive effect on SWB,while health and smoking lifetime showed a negative effect.In addition,a moderate thinking body contributes to SWB,whereas being too fat and too thin are both associated with decreased levels of SWB.Conclusion Mental health and addictive behavioral factors such as feeling low,friends,sweets,and smoking lifetime were significant factors influencing SWB.This provides a scientific basis for the development of public health policies and interventions aimed at enhancing adolescent well-being.
文摘Subjective well-being is a key indicator of quality of life and a crucial factor for successful aging among older adults.However,few studies have explored the subjective well-being among older adults from the perspective of digital literacy.Therefore,this study explores the relationship between digital literacy and subjective well-being using data on 4270 older adults from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)dataset.PROCESS mediation analysis results indicated digital literacy is associated with higher subjective well-being among the older adults.Digital literacy was associated with the frequency of physical exercise and consumption.Moreover,Digital literacy can also enhance the subjective well-being among older adults by increasing the frequency of physical exercise,and consumption,and a chain mediator subjective well-being.These findings align with the theoretical framework of digital health literacy.Theory which posits that health information obtained through digital literacy can help older adults better engage in healthy lifestyles,thereby enhancing their quality of life.These findings hold significant practical implications for enhancing the subjective well-being among older adults and advancing the development of successful aging.
文摘Although the English article system is ostensibly composed of two basic forms,“a/an”and“the”actual usage demonstrates a high degree of semantic complexity and cognitive diversity.Traditional grammatical frameworks often treat article usage through a dichotomy of“specific vs.non-specific reference”,yet struggle to effectively explain numerous marginal and unconventional linguistic phenomena,such as expressions like“go to the hospital”and“a Mr.Brown”.With the development of cognitive linguistics,language is viewed as an externalization of mental activity,and the intrinsic connection between linguistic structure and cognitive mechanisms has gained increasing attention.This paper,grounded in Ronald Langacker’s Cognitive Grammar theory,systematically analyzes the semantic construction process and cognitive motivations of English articles by integrating cognitive mechanisms such as figure-ground alignment,subjectivity,and mental spaces.By combining typical sentence examples,the paper reveals the deep cognitive structures underlying article usage from the dual perspectives of semantic representation and communicative function,aiming to provide a more explanatory theoretical framework for the grammatical teaching and cognitive research of English articles.
文摘Unlike traditional literature where animals are often portrayed allegorically as mere symbols,in Pulitzer Prize winner Jane Smiley’s The Horses of Oak Valley Ranch series,the portrayal of horses underscores their distinct individuality and autonomy.Focusing on three novels in the series-A Good Horse,True Blue,and Pie in the Sky,this paper analyzes how Smiley crafts a narrative that resists anthropocentrism and validates the subjectivity of nonhuman animals.By examining the unique reactions of horses in various situations,such as their differing facial expressions before a jump,their various responses to feeding and grooming,and their individualistic moving behaviors,this study reveals how Smiley highlights the psychological and physical diversity within a single species.The horses’individual traits are portrayed not as mere animal instinct but as conscious,intentional responses that signify their agency.Drawing on Marc Bekoff’s defense of animal individuality,Val Plumwood’s condemnation of anthropocentrism,and Cynthia Willett’s critique of speciesism,the paper argues that Smiley’s representation of equine individualistic behaviors is an affirmation of the inherent subjectivity of animals.Through these detailed descriptions,Smiley challenges the Cartesian notion of animals as mere automatons and encourages readers to recognize animals as complex individuals.Ultimately,this study emphasizes the significance of acknowledging animal subjectivity in fostering a more ethical and harmonious human-animal relationship.
