Aiming at the discontinuous traction on contact elements of roller bearing,new concepts of sub- and micro-element are put forward. In the sub-element and micro-element,traction influence coefficient has been modified,...Aiming at the discontinuous traction on contact elements of roller bearing,new concepts of sub- and micro-element are put forward. In the sub-element and micro-element,traction influence coefficient has been modified, which is calculated by the former boundary elementmethod (BEM) with roller bearing load. Hence, three-dimensional distribution of load on rollerbearing is calculated accurately. In practice, it has been proved that this method has highercalculation accuracy. An effective numerical method is offered for analyzing load characteristics ofroller bearing to improve service longevity of roller bearing and operation efficiency of rollingmill.展开更多
This paper aims to assess the ways in which multi-resolution object-based classification methods can be used to group urban environments made up of a mixture of buildings, sub-elements such as car parks, roads, shades...This paper aims to assess the ways in which multi-resolution object-based classification methods can be used to group urban environments made up of a mixture of buildings, sub-elements such as car parks, roads, shades and pavements and foliage such as grass and trees. This involves using both unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) which provide high-resolution mosaic Orthoimages and generate a Digital Surface Model (DSM). For the study area chosen for this paper, 400 Orthoimages with a spatial resolution of 7 cm each were used to build the Orthoimages and DSM, which were georeferenced using well distributed network of ground control points (GCPs) of 12 reference points (RMSE = 8 cm). As these were combined with onboard RTK-GNSS-enabled 2-frequency receivers, they were able to provide absolute block orientation which had a similar accuracy range if the data had been collected by traditional indirect sensor orientation. Traditional indirect sensor orientation involves the GNSS receiver in the UAV receiving a differential signal from the base station through a communication link. This allows for the precise position of the UAV to be established, as the RTK uses correction, allowing position, velocity, altitude and heading to tracked, as well as the measurement of raw sensor data. By assessing the results of the confusion matrices, it can be seen that the overall accuracy of the object-oriented classification was 84.37%. This has an overall Kappa of 0.74 and the data that had poor classification accuracy included shade, parking lots and concrete pavements. These had a producer accuracy (precision) of 81%, 74% and 74% respectively, while lakes and solar panels each scored 100% in comparison, meaning that they had good classification accuracy.展开更多
以塔里木3种稠油为原料，对稠油进行四组分的分离，测定了稠油及各组分的C、H、S、N及金属镍、钒、钙、铜、铁、钾、钠和铅的含量，研究了各金属在稠油组分中的分布，并进行了红外光谱分析。结果表明，相同条件下，3种稠油及其四组分在C...以塔里木3种稠油为原料，对稠油进行四组分的分离，测定了稠油及各组分的C、H、S、N及金属镍、钒、钙、铜、铁、钾、钠和铅的含量，研究了各金属在稠油组分中的分布，并进行了红外光谱分析。结果表明，相同条件下，3种稠油及其四组分在C、H元素的含量上差别不大，N元素富集在胶质和沥青质中，S元素主要存在于芳香分、胶质及沥青质中，3种稠油的饱和分中均含有微量的N、S元素。在3种稠油中，各金属元素在饱和分和芳香分中含量很低，随着组分的变重，含量急剧增加。3种稠油中的金属元素主要富集在沥青质中，其次是在胶质中。3种稠油饱和分的官能团种类几乎无差别，稠油的饱和分红外谱图在2800～3100 cm -1和1350～1390 cm -1出现甲基和亚甲基的强吸收峰。展开更多
The mill roller bearing is made up of an internal ring, middlerolls and an external ring, the analysis of which is a multi-bodiescontact problem. In this paper, based on the three-dimensionalelastic contact BEM withou...The mill roller bearing is made up of an internal ring, middlerolls and an external ring, the analysis of which is a multi-bodiescontact problem. In this paper, based on the three-dimensionalelastic contact BEM without friction, and using the structuralcharacteristics of roller bearings, middle rolls are de- scribed byelastic plate units of different shapes, which is placed on theinternal ring.展开更多
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50205004, No. 50075075).
文摘Aiming at the discontinuous traction on contact elements of roller bearing,new concepts of sub- and micro-element are put forward. In the sub-element and micro-element,traction influence coefficient has been modified, which is calculated by the former boundary elementmethod (BEM) with roller bearing load. Hence, three-dimensional distribution of load on rollerbearing is calculated accurately. In practice, it has been proved that this method has highercalculation accuracy. An effective numerical method is offered for analyzing load characteristics ofroller bearing to improve service longevity of roller bearing and operation efficiency of rollingmill.
文摘This paper aims to assess the ways in which multi-resolution object-based classification methods can be used to group urban environments made up of a mixture of buildings, sub-elements such as car parks, roads, shades and pavements and foliage such as grass and trees. This involves using both unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) which provide high-resolution mosaic Orthoimages and generate a Digital Surface Model (DSM). For the study area chosen for this paper, 400 Orthoimages with a spatial resolution of 7 cm each were used to build the Orthoimages and DSM, which were georeferenced using well distributed network of ground control points (GCPs) of 12 reference points (RMSE = 8 cm). As these were combined with onboard RTK-GNSS-enabled 2-frequency receivers, they were able to provide absolute block orientation which had a similar accuracy range if the data had been collected by traditional indirect sensor orientation. Traditional indirect sensor orientation involves the GNSS receiver in the UAV receiving a differential signal from the base station through a communication link. This allows for the precise position of the UAV to be established, as the RTK uses correction, allowing position, velocity, altitude and heading to tracked, as well as the measurement of raw sensor data. By assessing the results of the confusion matrices, it can be seen that the overall accuracy of the object-oriented classification was 84.37%. This has an overall Kappa of 0.74 and the data that had poor classification accuracy included shade, parking lots and concrete pavements. These had a producer accuracy (precision) of 81%, 74% and 74% respectively, while lakes and solar panels each scored 100% in comparison, meaning that they had good classification accuracy.
文摘以塔里木3种稠油为原料，对稠油进行四组分的分离，测定了稠油及各组分的C、H、S、N及金属镍、钒、钙、铜、铁、钾、钠和铅的含量，研究了各金属在稠油组分中的分布，并进行了红外光谱分析。结果表明，相同条件下，3种稠油及其四组分在C、H元素的含量上差别不大，N元素富集在胶质和沥青质中，S元素主要存在于芳香分、胶质及沥青质中，3种稠油的饱和分中均含有微量的N、S元素。在3种稠油中，各金属元素在饱和分和芳香分中含量很低，随着组分的变重，含量急剧增加。3种稠油中的金属元素主要富集在沥青质中，其次是在胶质中。3种稠油饱和分的官能团种类几乎无差别，稠油的饱和分红外谱图在2800～3100 cm -1和1350～1390 cm -1出现甲基和亚甲基的强吸收峰。
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50075075)
文摘The mill roller bearing is made up of an internal ring, middlerolls and an external ring, the analysis of which is a multi-bodiescontact problem. In this paper, based on the three-dimensionalelastic contact BEM without friction, and using the structuralcharacteristics of roller bearings, middle rolls are de- scribed byelastic plate units of different shapes, which is placed on theinternal ring.
