Objective:To evaluate systematically and describe the utilization of stunting prevention applications.The stunting rate in Indonesia reached 24.4%in 2021,exceeding the WHO standard of<20%.Therefore,the introduction...Objective:To evaluate systematically and describe the utilization of stunting prevention applications.The stunting rate in Indonesia reached 24.4%in 2021,exceeding the WHO standard of<20%.Therefore,the introduction and implementation of Android applications are expected to provide pregnant women with prior information to prevent stunting in children.Methods:This systematic review was conducted according to Prisma Checklist 2020 guidelines.A systematic literature search based on the Population,Intervention,Comparison,and Outcome(PICO)framework was conducted on 4 databases,namely PubMed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and Scopus.The eligibility of articles was assessed using CASP and CEBM tools.Results:The analysis of nine articles showed several models of stunting prevention applications.These include Nutrimo,which monitors children’s nutrition;PODO CETING,which supports maternal understanding of the nutritional needs of toddlers;ACALS,which monitors compliance with iron supplementation;GASING,which educates on stunting prevention behaviors;Sahabat Bunda,which provides information on stunting phenomena for early prevention;Offline Stunting Application,which educates cadres on stunting;and the Stunting Service Information System Application,which serves as a center for monitoring stunting services.Conclusions:The use of e-Health aids in preventing stunting by providing accessible and self-conducted educational and monitoring tools,eliminating the need for physical visits to health care facilities,as well as improving the health of pregnant women and infants.展开更多
The ratoon stunting disease (RSD) of sugarcane,caused by the bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp.xyli,is one of the major concerns to sugarcane production and breeding programs worldwide.Due to no obvious external symptoms...The ratoon stunting disease (RSD) of sugarcane,caused by the bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp.xyli,is one of the major concerns to sugarcane production and breeding programs worldwide.Due to no obvious external symptoms,RSD cannot be easily detected by the growers,hence has reduced the world’s sugarcane production significantly.This study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with RSD resistance and to assist in the development of linked molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding to minimize the reduction in sugarcane yield by the RSD infection.A set of 146 individuals derived from a self-crossing of CP80-1827 were evaluated for RSD resistance in a mechanically duplicated inoculated field trial from 2014 to 2017 using tissue blot immunoassay.Leveraging the genetic data and the four years phenotyping data of CP80-1827 selfing population,linkage map construction and QTL analysis were conducted based on clonal F_1 and F_2 mapping population types with GACD V.1.2 and Ici Mapping V.3.3,respectively.A total of 23 QTL associated with RSD resistance were identified,which explained 6%to13%of the phenotypic variation with the two types of software.A total of 82 disease resistance genes were identified by searching these 23 QTL regions on their corresponding regions on the Sorghum bicolor genome (44 genes),sugarcane R570 genome (20 genes),and S.spontaneum genome (18 genes),respectively.Compared with Ici Mapping V.3.3,GACD V.1.2 identified more major (6 vs.3) and stable QTL (2vs.0),and more disease resistance genes (51 vs.31),indicating GACD V.1.2 (clonal F_1 mapping type) is most likely to be more efficient than Ici Mapping (F_2 mapping type) for QTL analysis of a sefling population or clonal F_1 population in clonal species.The identified QTL controlling RSD resistance along with the associated SNP markers will assist sugarcane molecular breeding programs in combating this disease.展开更多
This study was to develop the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique for detecting the ratoon stunting disease （RSD） in virus-free seedcane seedlings. Healthy tissue culture seedlings were obtained from s...This study was to develop the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique for detecting the ratoon stunting disease （RSD） in virus-free seedcane seedlings. Healthy tissue culture seedlings were obtained from six plants of sugarcane ROC22, which had been confirmed RSD-positive by detecting the sugarcane juice, by employing the sugarcane seedlings production protocol. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect RSD pathogens in tissue culture sam- pies. The results showed that target fragment of RSD pathogens was not found in all 10 samples in real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, with the Ct values of 37 - 39. The healthy tissue culture sugarcane seedlings do not carry RSD pathogens, indicating that adopting healthy seedcane seedlings production technique could thoroughly get rid of RSD pathogens.展开更多
[Objective]The study was carried out for providing good method to detect ratoon stunting disease（RSD）in virus-free seedcane of Saccharum officinarum.[Method]PCR method was used for the detection of RSD in virus-free...[Objective]The study was carried out for providing good method to detect ratoon stunting disease（RSD）in virus-free seedcane of Saccharum officinarum.[Method]PCR method was used for the detection of RSD in virus-free seedcane of sugarcane.[Result]During the different growth stages of healthy virus-free seedling including proliferation stage,rooting stage,sand culture stage and temporary planting stage,the RSD detection results were negative.PCR detection sensitivity in the present study showed that PCR could detect RSD pathogen in the solution with bacterium concentration 10-3.[Conclusion]PCR method showed a good specificity and higher sensitivity,so it was suitable for the batch detection in the production of healthy virus-free seedlings of sugarcane.展开更多
One in four children under 5 years of age in the developing world are stunted (chronically malnourished). Reducing stunting can be a challenge, especially in populous countries where families are dispersed, as is the ...One in four children under 5 years of age in the developing world are stunted (chronically malnourished). Reducing stunting can be a challenge, especially in populous countries where families are dispersed, as is the case in Indonesia. This paper describes how one government project (Indonesia’s National Nutrition Communication Campaign [NNCC]) delivered effective behavior change communications interventions that reached 40 million people. This paper focuses on four challenges that nutrition campaigns often face and provides useful lessons for similar campaigns, based on the experience of NNCC, which include the following: 1) Fully engaging stakeholders at all levels in campaign design and implementation ensured broad-based support for stunting reduction efforts;2) Pro-actively involving journalists in nutrition campaigns improved public opinion about stunting and positively influenced decision-making in policy formulation;3) Use of humorous public service announcements with limited technical information was effective in engaging priority populations;and 4) Social media (YouTube ads, web advertorials, Facebook pages, Twitter, Instagram) extended the campaign’s reach and reinforced messaging from other sources. Based on NNCC’s experience, specific recommendations are provided.展开更多
Background: Stunting in young children continues to be a major concern in developing country settings, including middle income countries like Indonesia. Early intervention is critical to prevent increased morbidity an...Background: Stunting in young children continues to be a major concern in developing country settings, including middle income countries like Indonesia. Early intervention is critical to prevent increased morbidity and mortality, lower cognitive functioning, and diminished productivity in adulthood. Mothers may benefit from knowledge and information related to stunting causes and effects. Indonesia has readily adopted a variety of platforms, which are now being used to disseminate health information. The purpose of this study was to address two related research questions: 1) What are the primary sources of Indonesian mothers’ stunting-related knowledge? 2) What factors are associated with using these various platforms to access stunting-related information? Method: Mothers (n = 745) responded to questions about demographics and the source of stunting knowledge, which included hospitals, the Internet, midwives, posyandu (community health posts), and puskesmas (public health centers). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with mothers’ reported use of the three most common sources to acquire information about stunting, including posyandu, puskesmas and the Internet. Results: Eighty percent of mothers in this study sample used posyandu, 31.7% puskesmas, and 16.9% used the Internet as a source for stunting-related knowledge. For the three most common sources, factors associated with each included not accessing the other sources. Conclusions: Indonesian mothers are using a variety of platforms and services to acquire information about stunting. These sources are different one from another and each may be an important resource for disseminating health information, especially outside of urban centers. Results from this study may help to identify characteristics of Indonesian mothers who could benefit from acquiring stunting-related information in these formats. Each of these sources of information appears to be utilized by different groups of mothers. This is an important finding as it suggests that each may continue to be a resource for mothers that might not otherwise access stunting information. The Indonesian health system in rural settings has a history of support for posyandu and puskesmas. Moving forward, the Internet may also be used to improve outcomes for children of mothers that do not access information through these more traditional means.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to clarify the occurrence of sugarcane ratoon stunting disease(RSD)in Hainan sugarcane-growing areas.[Method]In 2019,270 samples of sugarcane leaves were collected from six main sugarcane-grow...[Objective]The paper was to clarify the occurrence of sugarcane ratoon stunting disease(RSD)in Hainan sugarcane-growing areas.[Method]In 2019,270 samples of sugarcane leaves were collected from six main sugarcane-growing areas in Hainan Province,and RSD was detected by PCR assay with specific primers.[Result]RSD was detected out in 41 out of 270 sugarcane samples,with an average detection rate of15.19%.The detection rates of RSD were different in six sugarcane-growing areas;the detection rate of RSD in Danzhou sugarcane-growing area was the highest of 22.00%;the detection rate of RSD in Lingao sugarcane-growing area was the lowest of 9.26%.RSD was detected out in 8 out of10 main sugarcane cultivars,among which Xintaitang 22 suffered the heaviest damage,with the positive detection rate of 45.83%;RSD had not been detected out in Zhongtang 1 and Zhongtang 2,while the positive detection rates of RSD in the remaining seven sugarcane cultivars were10.00%-31.25%.[Conclusion]RSD commonly occurs in Hainan sugarcane-growing areas.The research results provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of RSD and promotion and application of healthy virus-free sugarcane seedlings.展开更多
Background: Both the civil war in 1998 and the tsunami in 2004 in Sri Lanka resulted in a large number of orphans. Objective: To examine the effect of nutritional intervention on one-year period of stunting and/or ema...Background: Both the civil war in 1998 and the tsunami in 2004 in Sri Lanka resulted in a large number of orphans. Objective: To examine the effect of nutritional intervention on one-year period of stunting and/or emaciated status. Methods: Study setting: Twenty-eight girls aged 5 - 19 years old were in the care of Grace Girls’ Home, an orphanage for girls located in the port town of Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, at the time of the survey. Nineteen of them had two available anthropometric measurements recorded over one year of follow-up. Anthropometric measurements were obtained prior to the intervention of nutritional mentoring to the local caregivers, and one year after intervention. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, and BMI-for-age z-scores were calculated using SMART methodology. Nutritional consultancy recommended an additional 15 - 20 grams of high quality protein per day, which was given to the girls. The kitchen team was encouraged to regularly prepare a variety of pulse-based dishes, using local foods and recipes. The local palm oil, rich in saturated fatty acids, was replaced with sunflower oil, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Results: Stunting was decreased from Height to age Z-score (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1.19 ± 0.94) to (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−0.90 ± 1.06) (P = 0.016), and BMI Z-score from (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−0.80 ± 0.79) to (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−0.50 ± 0.74) (P = 0.004). Conclusions: A single nutritional education intervention, culturally adapted and implemented by the local caregivers, can decrease stunting in orphans within one year.展开更多
Introduction: Despite being referred to as one of the country’s “food baskets”, 41% of children, 6 - 59 months of age in the Rwenzori sub-region, Western Uganda are stunted. Stunting is a form of chronic malnutriti...Introduction: Despite being referred to as one of the country’s “food baskets”, 41% of children, 6 - 59 months of age in the Rwenzori sub-region, Western Uganda are stunted. Stunting is a form of chronic malnutrition in which children are short for their age. In this study, we established the prevalence and determinants of stunting in one of the sub-counties in this region. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in one of the sub-counties in the Rwenzori sub-region, Western Uganda from May 26th to June 26th, 2018. A total of 372 mothers and their children were recruited using systematic sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Stunting was determined by taking child’s height or length and comparing it with child’s age. A child whose height or length for age index was less than −2 Standard Deviations (SD) was considered stunted. We used descriptive statistics to understand characteristics of mothers and multivariable logistic regression model to obtain the determinants of stunting. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 372 mothers and their children were included in this study;majority, 307 (83.0%) of the children were 6 - 24 months old and nearly half, 167 (44.9%) were stunted. We found that reserving food stock for use in the dry season (aOR = 0.23, CI = 0.08 - 0.62, p = 0.004), deworming children (aOR = 0.32, CI = 0.18 - 0.54, p = 0.001) and the family earning at least 10,000 Ushs (2.7USD) at the end of the month (aOR = 0.36, CI = 0.22 - 0.58, P = 0.001) were associated with no stunting. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of stunting among children 6 - 59 months of age. We recommend enforcing ownership of food granary by households especially during dry season, support to de-worming programs targeting children below five years of age and establishing community based income generating livelihood projects.展开更多
Background:In Zimbabwe,26.2 percent of children under five are stunted.Evidence has shown that multi-sector interventions are key to addressing stunting.Yet,practical implementation is difficult,often occurring throug...Background:In Zimbabwe,26.2 percent of children under five are stunted.Evidence has shown that multi-sector interventions are key to addressing stunting.Yet,practical implementation is difficult,often occurring through separate disjointed and uncoordinated sector actions with limited access to real time information for decision-making.Objective:To describe the design,implementation,successes,challenges and lessons learned from using a near-real time monitoring(NRTM)system as a monitoring tool for multi-sectoral community based model for stunting reduction in Zimbabwe.Methods:An open source technology was used to obtain the information needed on the multi-sectoral coordination process,provide a common platform to capture and present data on situational factors,community conditions and practices to be acted upon and thus contribute to reducing stunting.Results:Significant improvements in community data flows were noted;the system brought together several types of data,concepts,stakeholders and multi-sector energies into focused programming.Several challenges including conceptual issues,initial coordination,financial resources and missed partnership opportunities were documented.The introduction of the NRTM system resulted in improved data flows for programme monitoring and facilitated multi-sector collaboration.Conclusion:NRTM is an effective monitoring tool for the multi-sectoral community based model to reduce stunting in Zimbabwe.展开更多
Objective:To identify the illustration of feeding patterns of stunting children using literature review method.Methods:This study was a descriptive narrative research using literature review approach to explore dietar...Objective:To identify the illustration of feeding patterns of stunting children using literature review method.Methods:This study was a descriptive narrative research using literature review approach to explore dietary habits of children with stunting problem.All the literature review processes employed Guideline Review measurement of Joanna Briggs Institute.Related ar ticles in literature were obtained from journal databases,such as Pub Med,Science Direct,Google Scholar,and Dimensions through structured research question with Patient,Exposure an interest,Outcome or response(PEO)methods.Results:This study found 2246 published ar ticles from 2018 to 2021 about children with stunting.Screening process was conducted fur ther to eliminate ar ticles with irrelevant titles and abstracts,and also the unsuitable ar ticles with the research question;hence,about 9 ar ticles were eligible to be reviewed ahead.All these ar ticles mentioned that children with irregular dietary habits would likely experience stunting.The low intake of nutritional food became the major predictor of stunting.Conclusions:Inappropriate feeding patterns and the variety of food were being the factors of stunting emergence among children<5 years of age.High consumption of carbohydrates,less animal-based protein,and misunderstanding about intake of sweetenedcondensed milk predisposed children to suffer stunting.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial dysfunction of adolescents with stunted and normal height. This was a cross-sectional study using pediatric symptom checklist-17 (PSC-17), subjected to ado...The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial dysfunction of adolescents with stunted and normal height. This was a cross-sectional study using pediatric symptom checklist-17 (PSC-17), subjected to adolescents (age: 11 to 14 years) in Suburban, West Java Indonesia. Two variables of the subjects’ characteristics (sex and body height) were included in the multivariate analysis because the p was <0.25 (p = 0.22, p = 0.07). It was found that 53 subjects had psychosocial dysfunction (25 stunted, 4 severely stunted, and 24 normal heights) with significant comparing proportion between severely stunted and normal height (p = 0.04). In severely stunted adolescents, the risk of psychosocial dysfunction is 6.33 more than in normal stature group. Examination was done on those 53 adolescents resulted in several psychosocial disorders: 12 psychosocially low self-esteem, 12 family problems, and others ranging from other several aspect problems. Forty-one from the 53 adolescents were with psychopathology symptoms. There was psychosocial dysfunction just in adolescents with severely stunted.展开更多
Stunting has a significant impact on children's health and,in the long term,negatively affects productivity and GDP by 2–3%.Therefore,it is crucial to reduce stunting rates through regional mapping based on their...Stunting has a significant impact on children's health and,in the long term,negatively affects productivity and GDP by 2–3%.Therefore,it is crucial to reduce stunting rates through regional mapping based on their capacity to address stunting and by evaluating relevant indicators.A multi-criteria decision making(MCDM)approach,utilizing principal component analysis(PCA)and Entropy for weighting,and MARCOS,COPRAS,and WASPAS for ranking,can be applied.The weighting results from PCA and Entropy indicate that access to drinking water(C11)and households receiving food assistance(C10)are the largest contributing factors,while the smallest contributors are poverty rate(C7)and Gini ratio(C6).Using PCA weights across all MCDM methods,DKI Jakarta(A11)emerges as the best-performing region,while Papua(A34)ranks the worst.When Entropy weights are applied,DKI Jakarta(A11)ranks first in MARCOS and WASPAS,while South Kalimantan(A22)ranks best in COPRAS.Papua(A34),however,remains the worst performer across all methods.This study concludes that the ranking results from PCA and Entropy weighting methods are identical,showing a strong correlation.This provides policymakers with confidence in assessing each province's capacity to address stunting,highlighting that Papua(A34)demonstrates relatively poor performance in managing stunting.展开更多
Background A more comprehensive assessment of growth and nutrition in children is required in China due to rapid socioeconomic processes.We aimed to investigate height and body mass index(BMI)trajectories from 1975 to...Background A more comprehensive assessment of growth and nutrition in children is required in China due to rapid socioeconomic processes.We aimed to investigate height and body mass index(BMI)trajectories from 1975 to 2015 and the prevalence of stunting and obesity in 2016 among children in Chinese cities.Methods A total of 904,263 children from birth to 6.9 years were collected from a series of nationally representative surveys in China.Height and BMI trajectories and prevalence of stunting,underweight,overweight and obesity were assessed.Results The average height level of Chinese urban children under 7 years presented a positive secular trend from 1975 to 2015;however,a slowing tendency occurred in 2005‒2015.An apparent increase was observed at the 5th,50th and 95th percentiles of BMI in urban children aged 3 years and older,with a more prominent increase at the 95th percentile.The total prevalence of stunting and underweight under 7 years was 1.4%and 2.0%,respectively.The total prevalence of overweight and obesity under 7 years was 12.6%and 4.3%,respectively,with 12.7%and 4.9%for boys,12.6%and 3.6%for girls,12.1%and 4.0%in urban areas and 13.1%and 4.5%in suburban rural areas.Conclusions The average height level of Chinese urban children has reached World Health Organization child growth standards since 2005 and presented a slowing tendency in secular trend in 2005‒2015.More attention and efforts and public health interventions should be urgently made to combat overweight and obesity among preschool children.展开更多
Background and Objectives:In Indonesia,stunting is one of the most public health concerns.This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze childhood stunting risk factors in the country.Methods and Study Desi...Background and Objectives:In Indonesia,stunting is one of the most public health concerns.This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze childhood stunting risk factors in the country.Methods and Study Design:We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational(cross-sectional and longitudinal)studies on stunting risk factors published between 2010 and 2021 based on available publications in online databases of PubMed,ProQuest,EBSCO,and google scholar.The quality of the publications was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and organized according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis.Publication bias was examined using Egger’s and Begg’s tests.Results:A total of 17 studies from the literature search satisfied the inclusion criteria,with 642,596 subjects.The pooled stunting prevalence was 30.9%(95%CI 25.0%-36.8%).Children born with low birth weight(POR 2.39,2.07–2.76),female(POR 1.05,1.03-1.08),and did not get the deworming program(1.10,1.07-1.12)are the primary child characteristics that contributed to stunting.Meanwhile,maternal age≥30 years(POR 2.33,2.23-2.44),preterm birth(POR 2.12,2.15-2.19),and antenatal care<4 times(POR 1.25,1.11-1.41)were among mother characteristics consistently associated with stunting.The primary household and community risk factors for stunting were food insecurity(POR 2.00,1.37-2.92),unimproved drinking water(POR 1.42,1.26-1.60),rural residence(POR 1.31,1.20-1.42),and unimproved sanitation(POR 1.27,1.12-1.44).Conclusions:A diverse range of risk factors associated with childhood stunting in Indonesia demonstrates the need to emphasize nutrition programs by scaling up to more on these determinants.展开更多
Background: Malnutrition, a serious public health concern, is influenced by various factors. Objective: The study aims to explore malnutrition issues among infants under five years old in Guéra Province. Methods:...Background: Malnutrition, a serious public health concern, is influenced by various factors. Objective: The study aims to explore malnutrition issues among infants under five years old in Guéra Province. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and a two-stage cluster sampling method to select participants. The study population was infants aged between 0 - 24 months. Data collection was done between June 2023 and September 2024;it included anthropometric measurements, blood analyses, and interviews. Anthropometric parameters were calculated using ENA for SMART software. Statistical analyses were performed by R Studio to investigate associations between different characteristics, using logistic regression models to identify risk factors. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study included 377 infants in eight villages in Guéra Province, Chad. The sample was predominantly girls (55.3%), with a median age of 16 months. Most infants (94%) were mixed-fed, and only 6% were exclusively breastfed. We found that 7.3% of children were globally malnourished, with higher rates in boys 9.6%. A significant disparity existed between boys and girls in global acute malnutrition (GAM) rates, with boys having a higher prevalence of 17.9%. A substantial proportion of Infants were underweight, with males 27.4%. Stunting was prevalent 20.1%. Several factors were associated with malnutrition, including gender, feeding practices, infectious diseases, and socioeconomic factors. Diarrhea, malaria, limited access to drinking water, and early diet diversification were significantly associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: Targeted interventions are necessary to address these issues and improve the nutritional status of children in the Guéra province.展开更多
BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term so...BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term socioeconomic challenges for families and communities.Although its impact on child growth and development is a pressing concern,research remains limited particularly in multicenter settings.AIM To examine the long-term consequences of unintended pregnancy on the critical years of early childhood growth and development.METHODS This analytical observational study employed a case-control design and was conducted in research centers across Indonesia,encompassing those located in Central Java,Lampung,Bali,and West Nusa Tenggara.A total of 700 children aged≤5 years with histories of intended or unintended pregnancies participated.Data collection involved structured interviews and direct anthropometric and developmental assessments.Data analyses were conducted using multivariate statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling.RESULTS Unintended pregnancy was found to have a statistically significant effect on both child growth(t=8.178;P<0.001)and child development(t=25.688;P<0.001).Key growth problems identified included underweight,undernutrition,abnormal head circumference,and stunting.Developmental challenges prominently associated with unintended pregnancy included behavioral and emotional disorders,autism spectrum disorder,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder,social and motor skill deficits,as well as visual and hearing impairments.CONCLUSION Unintended pregnancy significantly affects child growth and development,underscoring the need for early intervention,quality prenatal care,and strengthened family planning policies.展开更多
The prevalence of stunting in Indonesian children under five years of age is approximately 20%.Chronic maternal malnutrition contributes to the risk of stunting by affecting global DNA methylation.In the present study...The prevalence of stunting in Indonesian children under five years of age is approximately 20%.Chronic maternal malnutrition contributes to the risk of stunting by affecting global DNA methylation.In the present study,we aimed to evaluate the levels of 5-methyl-cytosine(5mC)as a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation in buccal swabs and its potential association with the risk of stunting and cognitive performance.The levels of 5mC were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence(WPPSI)was used to measure cognitive function.Buccal swab DNA samples and anthropometric data were collected from a total of 231 children aged zero to five years.In this cross-sectional cohort,the prevalence of stunting was 37%in 138 children aged zero to two years and 30%in 93 children aged over two years.The univariable analysis revealed that the levels of 5mC in buccal swab DNA were significantly lower in severely stunted children(median,2.84;interquartile range[IQR],2.39–4.62)and children aged less than two years(median,2.81;IQR,2.53–4.62)than those in normal children(median,3.75;IQR,2.80–4.74;P-value,0.028)and children aged over four years(median,4.01;IQR,3.39–4.87;P-value<0.001),respectively.We also found that the average cognitive scores tended to be low in boys and stunted children,although the differences were not statistically significant.Furthermore,the levels of 5mC found in buccal swab and mouthwash DNA were not associated with cognitive scores.展开更多
Objective To describe the impact of the global economic crisis on the nutritional status of children in China during and after the crisis.Methods Data from 1990 to 2010 were sourced from the National Food and Nutritio...Objective To describe the impact of the global economic crisis on the nutritional status of children in China during and after the crisis.Methods Data from 1990 to 2010 were sourced from the National Food and Nutrition Surveillance System.Approximately 16 000 children under 5 years old were selected using a stratified random cluster method from 40 surveillance sites.Anthropometric and hemoglobin measurements for children under 5 were conducted.Nutritional status was determined according to WHO child growth standards.Results Prevalence of underweight and stunting in children under 5 had a downward trend.Underweight prevalence was close to normal （less than 5%）,with prevalence of stunting 12.6% in 2009 and 12.1% in 2010 in rural areas.Prevalence of stunting in infants under 6 months and 6‐12 months old in poorer rural areas increased from 5.7%‐9.1% and 6.7%‐12.5%,respectively,in 2008‐2009.This trend also continued post‐crisis in 2010.Prevalence of stunting in children left behind by mothers was 20%‐30% higher than in children the same age in general and poorer rural areas.Prevalence of anemia in children did not change in rural areas,but prevalence of anemia in all age groups increased in poorer rural areas,especially in children under 24 months old.Level reached 30%‐40% in 2009,and fluctuated in 2010.Conclusion The nutritional status of children under 5 was comparatively stable during and after the global economic crisis,attributable to the Chinese government＇s policy response.The nutritional status in poorer rural areas fluctuated in response to the economic crisis and,thus,relevant action and intervention must be taken immediately to help the most vulnerable population in poorer rural areas.A proper national nutritional strategy for children under 2 years old,including nutrition supplementation for pregnant women and in‐home fortification for complementary feeding,should be initiated.展开更多
文摘Objective:To evaluate systematically and describe the utilization of stunting prevention applications.The stunting rate in Indonesia reached 24.4%in 2021,exceeding the WHO standard of<20%.Therefore,the introduction and implementation of Android applications are expected to provide pregnant women with prior information to prevent stunting in children.Methods:This systematic review was conducted according to Prisma Checklist 2020 guidelines.A systematic literature search based on the Population,Intervention,Comparison,and Outcome(PICO)framework was conducted on 4 databases,namely PubMed,Google Scholar,Science Direct,and Scopus.The eligibility of articles was assessed using CASP and CEBM tools.Results:The analysis of nine articles showed several models of stunting prevention applications.These include Nutrimo,which monitors children’s nutrition;PODO CETING,which supports maternal understanding of the nutritional needs of toddlers;ACALS,which monitors compliance with iron supplementation;GASING,which educates on stunting prevention behaviors;Sahabat Bunda,which provides information on stunting phenomena for early prevention;Offline Stunting Application,which educates cadres on stunting;and the Stunting Service Information System Application,which serves as a center for monitoring stunting services.Conclusions:The use of e-Health aids in preventing stunting by providing accessible and self-conducted educational and monitoring tools,eliminating the need for physical visits to health care facilities,as well as improving the health of pregnant women and infants.
基金supported by Florida Sugarcane League, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service CRIS Project 6030-21000-005-00DUSDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture, Hatch Project 1011664。
文摘The ratoon stunting disease (RSD) of sugarcane,caused by the bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp.xyli,is one of the major concerns to sugarcane production and breeding programs worldwide.Due to no obvious external symptoms,RSD cannot be easily detected by the growers,hence has reduced the world’s sugarcane production significantly.This study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with RSD resistance and to assist in the development of linked molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding to minimize the reduction in sugarcane yield by the RSD infection.A set of 146 individuals derived from a self-crossing of CP80-1827 were evaluated for RSD resistance in a mechanically duplicated inoculated field trial from 2014 to 2017 using tissue blot immunoassay.Leveraging the genetic data and the four years phenotyping data of CP80-1827 selfing population,linkage map construction and QTL analysis were conducted based on clonal F_1 and F_2 mapping population types with GACD V.1.2 and Ici Mapping V.3.3,respectively.A total of 23 QTL associated with RSD resistance were identified,which explained 6%to13%of the phenotypic variation with the two types of software.A total of 82 disease resistance genes were identified by searching these 23 QTL regions on their corresponding regions on the Sorghum bicolor genome (44 genes),sugarcane R570 genome (20 genes),and S.spontaneum genome (18 genes),respectively.Compared with Ici Mapping V.3.3,GACD V.1.2 identified more major (6 vs.3) and stable QTL (2vs.0),and more disease resistance genes (51 vs.31),indicating GACD V.1.2 (clonal F_1 mapping type) is most likely to be more efficient than Ici Mapping (F_2 mapping type) for QTL analysis of a sefling population or clonal F_1 population in clonal species.The identified QTL controlling RSD resistance along with the associated SNP markers will assist sugarcane molecular breeding programs in combating this disease.
基金Supported by Special Funds for Basic Scientific Research of Guangxi Sugarcane Research Institute(G2009006,G2010006,G2009015)Sci-tech Research and Development Program of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(200805)
文摘This study was to develop the real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR technique for detecting the ratoon stunting disease （RSD） in virus-free seedcane seedlings. Healthy tissue culture seedlings were obtained from six plants of sugarcane ROC22, which had been confirmed RSD-positive by detecting the sugarcane juice, by employing the sugarcane seedlings production protocol. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect RSD pathogens in tissue culture sam- pies. The results showed that target fragment of RSD pathogens was not found in all 10 samples in real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, with the Ct values of 37 - 39. The healthy tissue culture sugarcane seedlings do not carry RSD pathogens, indicating that adopting healthy seedcane seedlings production technique could thoroughly get rid of RSD pathogens.
基金Supported by Basic Research Found of Guangxi Sugarcane Institute(G2009006)~~
文摘[Objective]The study was carried out for providing good method to detect ratoon stunting disease（RSD）in virus-free seedcane of Saccharum officinarum.[Method]PCR method was used for the detection of RSD in virus-free seedcane of sugarcane.[Result]During the different growth stages of healthy virus-free seedling including proliferation stage,rooting stage,sand culture stage and temporary planting stage,the RSD detection results were negative.PCR detection sensitivity in the present study showed that PCR could detect RSD pathogen in the solution with bacterium concentration 10-3.[Conclusion]PCR method showed a good specificity and higher sensitivity,so it was suitable for the batch detection in the production of healthy virus-free seedlings of sugarcane.
文摘One in four children under 5 years of age in the developing world are stunted (chronically malnourished). Reducing stunting can be a challenge, especially in populous countries where families are dispersed, as is the case in Indonesia. This paper describes how one government project (Indonesia’s National Nutrition Communication Campaign [NNCC]) delivered effective behavior change communications interventions that reached 40 million people. This paper focuses on four challenges that nutrition campaigns often face and provides useful lessons for similar campaigns, based on the experience of NNCC, which include the following: 1) Fully engaging stakeholders at all levels in campaign design and implementation ensured broad-based support for stunting reduction efforts;2) Pro-actively involving journalists in nutrition campaigns improved public opinion about stunting and positively influenced decision-making in policy formulation;3) Use of humorous public service announcements with limited technical information was effective in engaging priority populations;and 4) Social media (YouTube ads, web advertorials, Facebook pages, Twitter, Instagram) extended the campaign’s reach and reinforced messaging from other sources. Based on NNCC’s experience, specific recommendations are provided.
文摘Background: Stunting in young children continues to be a major concern in developing country settings, including middle income countries like Indonesia. Early intervention is critical to prevent increased morbidity and mortality, lower cognitive functioning, and diminished productivity in adulthood. Mothers may benefit from knowledge and information related to stunting causes and effects. Indonesia has readily adopted a variety of platforms, which are now being used to disseminate health information. The purpose of this study was to address two related research questions: 1) What are the primary sources of Indonesian mothers’ stunting-related knowledge? 2) What factors are associated with using these various platforms to access stunting-related information? Method: Mothers (n = 745) responded to questions about demographics and the source of stunting knowledge, which included hospitals, the Internet, midwives, posyandu (community health posts), and puskesmas (public health centers). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with mothers’ reported use of the three most common sources to acquire information about stunting, including posyandu, puskesmas and the Internet. Results: Eighty percent of mothers in this study sample used posyandu, 31.7% puskesmas, and 16.9% used the Internet as a source for stunting-related knowledge. For the three most common sources, factors associated with each included not accessing the other sources. Conclusions: Indonesian mothers are using a variety of platforms and services to acquire information about stunting. These sources are different one from another and each may be an important resource for disseminating health information, especially outside of urban centers. Results from this study may help to identify characteristics of Indonesian mothers who could benefit from acquiring stunting-related information in these formats. Each of these sources of information appears to be utilized by different groups of mothers. This is an important finding as it suggests that each may continue to be a resource for mothers that might not otherwise access stunting information. The Indonesian health system in rural settings has a history of support for posyandu and puskesmas. Moving forward, the Internet may also be used to improve outcomes for children of mothers that do not access information through these more traditional means.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31771865)National Sugar Industry Technology System"Scientists for Prevention and Control of Sugarcane Virus Diseases"(CARS-170301)。
文摘[Objective]The paper was to clarify the occurrence of sugarcane ratoon stunting disease(RSD)in Hainan sugarcane-growing areas.[Method]In 2019,270 samples of sugarcane leaves were collected from six main sugarcane-growing areas in Hainan Province,and RSD was detected by PCR assay with specific primers.[Result]RSD was detected out in 41 out of 270 sugarcane samples,with an average detection rate of15.19%.The detection rates of RSD were different in six sugarcane-growing areas;the detection rate of RSD in Danzhou sugarcane-growing area was the highest of 22.00%;the detection rate of RSD in Lingao sugarcane-growing area was the lowest of 9.26%.RSD was detected out in 8 out of10 main sugarcane cultivars,among which Xintaitang 22 suffered the heaviest damage,with the positive detection rate of 45.83%;RSD had not been detected out in Zhongtang 1 and Zhongtang 2,while the positive detection rates of RSD in the remaining seven sugarcane cultivars were10.00%-31.25%.[Conclusion]RSD commonly occurs in Hainan sugarcane-growing areas.The research results provide a basis for scientific prevention and control of RSD and promotion and application of healthy virus-free sugarcane seedlings.
文摘Background: Both the civil war in 1998 and the tsunami in 2004 in Sri Lanka resulted in a large number of orphans. Objective: To examine the effect of nutritional intervention on one-year period of stunting and/or emaciated status. Methods: Study setting: Twenty-eight girls aged 5 - 19 years old were in the care of Grace Girls’ Home, an orphanage for girls located in the port town of Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, at the time of the survey. Nineteen of them had two available anthropometric measurements recorded over one year of follow-up. Anthropometric measurements were obtained prior to the intervention of nutritional mentoring to the local caregivers, and one year after intervention. Height-for-age, weight-for-age, and BMI-for-age z-scores were calculated using SMART methodology. Nutritional consultancy recommended an additional 15 - 20 grams of high quality protein per day, which was given to the girls. The kitchen team was encouraged to regularly prepare a variety of pulse-based dishes, using local foods and recipes. The local palm oil, rich in saturated fatty acids, was replaced with sunflower oil, rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Results: Stunting was decreased from Height to age Z-score (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−1.19 ± 0.94) to (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−0.90 ± 1.06) (P = 0.016), and BMI Z-score from (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−0.80 ± 0.79) to (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">−0.50 ± 0.74) (P = 0.004). Conclusions: A single nutritional education intervention, culturally adapted and implemented by the local caregivers, can decrease stunting in orphans within one year.
文摘Introduction: Despite being referred to as one of the country’s “food baskets”, 41% of children, 6 - 59 months of age in the Rwenzori sub-region, Western Uganda are stunted. Stunting is a form of chronic malnutrition in which children are short for their age. In this study, we established the prevalence and determinants of stunting in one of the sub-counties in this region. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in one of the sub-counties in the Rwenzori sub-region, Western Uganda from May 26th to June 26th, 2018. A total of 372 mothers and their children were recruited using systematic sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Stunting was determined by taking child’s height or length and comparing it with child’s age. A child whose height or length for age index was less than −2 Standard Deviations (SD) was considered stunted. We used descriptive statistics to understand characteristics of mothers and multivariable logistic regression model to obtain the determinants of stunting. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: A total of 372 mothers and their children were included in this study;majority, 307 (83.0%) of the children were 6 - 24 months old and nearly half, 167 (44.9%) were stunted. We found that reserving food stock for use in the dry season (aOR = 0.23, CI = 0.08 - 0.62, p = 0.004), deworming children (aOR = 0.32, CI = 0.18 - 0.54, p = 0.001) and the family earning at least 10,000 Ushs (2.7USD) at the end of the month (aOR = 0.36, CI = 0.22 - 0.58, P = 0.001) were associated with no stunting. Conclusions: We found a high prevalence of stunting among children 6 - 59 months of age. We recommend enforcing ownership of food granary by households especially during dry season, support to de-worming programs targeting children below five years of age and establishing community based income generating livelihood projects.
文摘Background:In Zimbabwe,26.2 percent of children under five are stunted.Evidence has shown that multi-sector interventions are key to addressing stunting.Yet,practical implementation is difficult,often occurring through separate disjointed and uncoordinated sector actions with limited access to real time information for decision-making.Objective:To describe the design,implementation,successes,challenges and lessons learned from using a near-real time monitoring(NRTM)system as a monitoring tool for multi-sectoral community based model for stunting reduction in Zimbabwe.Methods:An open source technology was used to obtain the information needed on the multi-sectoral coordination process,provide a common platform to capture and present data on situational factors,community conditions and practices to be acted upon and thus contribute to reducing stunting.Results:Significant improvements in community data flows were noted;the system brought together several types of data,concepts,stakeholders and multi-sector energies into focused programming.Several challenges including conceptual issues,initial coordination,financial resources and missed partnership opportunities were documented.The introduction of the NRTM system resulted in improved data flows for programme monitoring and facilitated multi-sector collaboration.Conclusion:NRTM is an effective monitoring tool for the multi-sectoral community based model to reduce stunting in Zimbabwe.
文摘Objective:To identify the illustration of feeding patterns of stunting children using literature review method.Methods:This study was a descriptive narrative research using literature review approach to explore dietary habits of children with stunting problem.All the literature review processes employed Guideline Review measurement of Joanna Briggs Institute.Related ar ticles in literature were obtained from journal databases,such as Pub Med,Science Direct,Google Scholar,and Dimensions through structured research question with Patient,Exposure an interest,Outcome or response(PEO)methods.Results:This study found 2246 published ar ticles from 2018 to 2021 about children with stunting.Screening process was conducted fur ther to eliminate ar ticles with irrelevant titles and abstracts,and also the unsuitable ar ticles with the research question;hence,about 9 ar ticles were eligible to be reviewed ahead.All these ar ticles mentioned that children with irregular dietary habits would likely experience stunting.The low intake of nutritional food became the major predictor of stunting.Conclusions:Inappropriate feeding patterns and the variety of food were being the factors of stunting emergence among children<5 years of age.High consumption of carbohydrates,less animal-based protein,and misunderstanding about intake of sweetenedcondensed milk predisposed children to suffer stunting.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial dysfunction of adolescents with stunted and normal height. This was a cross-sectional study using pediatric symptom checklist-17 (PSC-17), subjected to adolescents (age: 11 to 14 years) in Suburban, West Java Indonesia. Two variables of the subjects’ characteristics (sex and body height) were included in the multivariate analysis because the p was <0.25 (p = 0.22, p = 0.07). It was found that 53 subjects had psychosocial dysfunction (25 stunted, 4 severely stunted, and 24 normal heights) with significant comparing proportion between severely stunted and normal height (p = 0.04). In severely stunted adolescents, the risk of psychosocial dysfunction is 6.33 more than in normal stature group. Examination was done on those 53 adolescents resulted in several psychosocial disorders: 12 psychosocially low self-esteem, 12 family problems, and others ranging from other several aspect problems. Forty-one from the 53 adolescents were with psychopathology symptoms. There was psychosocial dysfunction just in adolescents with severely stunted.
文摘Stunting has a significant impact on children's health and,in the long term,negatively affects productivity and GDP by 2–3%.Therefore,it is crucial to reduce stunting rates through regional mapping based on their capacity to address stunting and by evaluating relevant indicators.A multi-criteria decision making(MCDM)approach,utilizing principal component analysis(PCA)and Entropy for weighting,and MARCOS,COPRAS,and WASPAS for ranking,can be applied.The weighting results from PCA and Entropy indicate that access to drinking water(C11)and households receiving food assistance(C10)are the largest contributing factors,while the smallest contributors are poverty rate(C7)and Gini ratio(C6).Using PCA weights across all MCDM methods,DKI Jakarta(A11)emerges as the best-performing region,while Papua(A34)ranks the worst.When Entropy weights are applied,DKI Jakarta(A11)ranks first in MARCOS and WASPAS,while South Kalimantan(A22)ranks best in COPRAS.Papua(A34),however,remains the worst performer across all methods.This study concludes that the ranking results from PCA and Entropy weighting methods are identical,showing a strong correlation.This provides policymakers with confidence in assessing each province's capacity to address stunting,highlighting that Papua(A34)demonstrates relatively poor performance in managing stunting.
基金the Maternal and Child Health Program of the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China(2015–42).
文摘Background A more comprehensive assessment of growth and nutrition in children is required in China due to rapid socioeconomic processes.We aimed to investigate height and body mass index(BMI)trajectories from 1975 to 2015 and the prevalence of stunting and obesity in 2016 among children in Chinese cities.Methods A total of 904,263 children from birth to 6.9 years were collected from a series of nationally representative surveys in China.Height and BMI trajectories and prevalence of stunting,underweight,overweight and obesity were assessed.Results The average height level of Chinese urban children under 7 years presented a positive secular trend from 1975 to 2015;however,a slowing tendency occurred in 2005‒2015.An apparent increase was observed at the 5th,50th and 95th percentiles of BMI in urban children aged 3 years and older,with a more prominent increase at the 95th percentile.The total prevalence of stunting and underweight under 7 years was 1.4%and 2.0%,respectively.The total prevalence of overweight and obesity under 7 years was 12.6%and 4.3%,respectively,with 12.7%and 4.9%for boys,12.6%and 3.6%for girls,12.1%and 4.0%in urban areas and 13.1%and 4.5%in suburban rural areas.Conclusions The average height level of Chinese urban children has reached World Health Organization child growth standards since 2005 and presented a slowing tendency in secular trend in 2005‒2015.More attention and efforts and public health interventions should be urgently made to combat overweight and obesity among preschool children.
基金funded by ADB JFPR,TA-9558 INO:Impact of Adolescent Nutrition Support on Development Outcome.
文摘Background and Objectives:In Indonesia,stunting is one of the most public health concerns.This study aims to systematically review and meta-analyze childhood stunting risk factors in the country.Methods and Study Design:We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational(cross-sectional and longitudinal)studies on stunting risk factors published between 2010 and 2021 based on available publications in online databases of PubMed,ProQuest,EBSCO,and google scholar.The quality of the publications was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale and organized according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis.Publication bias was examined using Egger’s and Begg’s tests.Results:A total of 17 studies from the literature search satisfied the inclusion criteria,with 642,596 subjects.The pooled stunting prevalence was 30.9%(95%CI 25.0%-36.8%).Children born with low birth weight(POR 2.39,2.07–2.76),female(POR 1.05,1.03-1.08),and did not get the deworming program(1.10,1.07-1.12)are the primary child characteristics that contributed to stunting.Meanwhile,maternal age≥30 years(POR 2.33,2.23-2.44),preterm birth(POR 2.12,2.15-2.19),and antenatal care<4 times(POR 1.25,1.11-1.41)were among mother characteristics consistently associated with stunting.The primary household and community risk factors for stunting were food insecurity(POR 2.00,1.37-2.92),unimproved drinking water(POR 1.42,1.26-1.60),rural residence(POR 1.31,1.20-1.42),and unimproved sanitation(POR 1.27,1.12-1.44).Conclusions:A diverse range of risk factors associated with childhood stunting in Indonesia demonstrates the need to emphasize nutrition programs by scaling up to more on these determinants.
文摘Background: Malnutrition, a serious public health concern, is influenced by various factors. Objective: The study aims to explore malnutrition issues among infants under five years old in Guéra Province. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and a two-stage cluster sampling method to select participants. The study population was infants aged between 0 - 24 months. Data collection was done between June 2023 and September 2024;it included anthropometric measurements, blood analyses, and interviews. Anthropometric parameters were calculated using ENA for SMART software. Statistical analyses were performed by R Studio to investigate associations between different characteristics, using logistic regression models to identify risk factors. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The study included 377 infants in eight villages in Guéra Province, Chad. The sample was predominantly girls (55.3%), with a median age of 16 months. Most infants (94%) were mixed-fed, and only 6% were exclusively breastfed. We found that 7.3% of children were globally malnourished, with higher rates in boys 9.6%. A significant disparity existed between boys and girls in global acute malnutrition (GAM) rates, with boys having a higher prevalence of 17.9%. A substantial proportion of Infants were underweight, with males 27.4%. Stunting was prevalent 20.1%. Several factors were associated with malnutrition, including gender, feeding practices, infectious diseases, and socioeconomic factors. Diarrhea, malaria, limited access to drinking water, and early diet diversification were significantly associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: Targeted interventions are necessary to address these issues and improve the nutritional status of children in the Guéra province.
文摘BACKGROUND Unintended pregnancy occurs when an individual or couple conceives without planning or desire,which can potentially affect a child’s physical,mental,and social well-being.This can then lead to long-term socioeconomic challenges for families and communities.Although its impact on child growth and development is a pressing concern,research remains limited particularly in multicenter settings.AIM To examine the long-term consequences of unintended pregnancy on the critical years of early childhood growth and development.METHODS This analytical observational study employed a case-control design and was conducted in research centers across Indonesia,encompassing those located in Central Java,Lampung,Bali,and West Nusa Tenggara.A total of 700 children aged≤5 years with histories of intended or unintended pregnancies participated.Data collection involved structured interviews and direct anthropometric and developmental assessments.Data analyses were conducted using multivariate statistics and partial least squares structural equation modeling.RESULTS Unintended pregnancy was found to have a statistically significant effect on both child growth(t=8.178;P<0.001)and child development(t=25.688;P<0.001).Key growth problems identified included underweight,undernutrition,abnormal head circumference,and stunting.Developmental challenges prominently associated with unintended pregnancy included behavioral and emotional disorders,autism spectrum disorder,attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder,social and motor skill deficits,as well as visual and hearing impairments.CONCLUSION Unintended pregnancy significantly affects child growth and development,underscoring the need for early intervention,quality prenatal care,and strengthened family planning policies.
基金Ministry of Education,Culture,Research,and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia through the Kedaireka 2022 Matching Fund Programme(Grant No.282/E1/KS.060.02/2022)。
文摘The prevalence of stunting in Indonesian children under five years of age is approximately 20%.Chronic maternal malnutrition contributes to the risk of stunting by affecting global DNA methylation.In the present study,we aimed to evaluate the levels of 5-methyl-cytosine(5mC)as a surrogate marker of global DNA methylation in buccal swabs and its potential association with the risk of stunting and cognitive performance.The levels of 5mC were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence(WPPSI)was used to measure cognitive function.Buccal swab DNA samples and anthropometric data were collected from a total of 231 children aged zero to five years.In this cross-sectional cohort,the prevalence of stunting was 37%in 138 children aged zero to two years and 30%in 93 children aged over two years.The univariable analysis revealed that the levels of 5mC in buccal swab DNA were significantly lower in severely stunted children(median,2.84;interquartile range[IQR],2.39–4.62)and children aged less than two years(median,2.81;IQR,2.53–4.62)than those in normal children(median,3.75;IQR,2.80–4.74;P-value,0.028)and children aged over four years(median,4.01;IQR,3.39–4.87;P-value<0.001),respectively.We also found that the average cognitive scores tended to be low in boys and stunted children,although the differences were not statistically significant.Furthermore,the levels of 5mC found in buccal swab and mouthwash DNA were not associated with cognitive scores.
文摘Objective To describe the impact of the global economic crisis on the nutritional status of children in China during and after the crisis.Methods Data from 1990 to 2010 were sourced from the National Food and Nutrition Surveillance System.Approximately 16 000 children under 5 years old were selected using a stratified random cluster method from 40 surveillance sites.Anthropometric and hemoglobin measurements for children under 5 were conducted.Nutritional status was determined according to WHO child growth standards.Results Prevalence of underweight and stunting in children under 5 had a downward trend.Underweight prevalence was close to normal （less than 5%）,with prevalence of stunting 12.6% in 2009 and 12.1% in 2010 in rural areas.Prevalence of stunting in infants under 6 months and 6‐12 months old in poorer rural areas increased from 5.7%‐9.1% and 6.7%‐12.5%,respectively,in 2008‐2009.This trend also continued post‐crisis in 2010.Prevalence of stunting in children left behind by mothers was 20%‐30% higher than in children the same age in general and poorer rural areas.Prevalence of anemia in children did not change in rural areas,but prevalence of anemia in all age groups increased in poorer rural areas,especially in children under 24 months old.Level reached 30%‐40% in 2009,and fluctuated in 2010.Conclusion The nutritional status of children under 5 was comparatively stable during and after the global economic crisis,attributable to the Chinese government＇s policy response.The nutritional status in poorer rural areas fluctuated in response to the economic crisis and,thus,relevant action and intervention must be taken immediately to help the most vulnerable population in poorer rural areas.A proper national nutritional strategy for children under 2 years old,including nutrition supplementation for pregnant women and in‐home fortification for complementary feeding,should be initiated.
