Fifteen compounds were isolated from the processed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica and were identified as follows：strychnine（1）,brucine（2）,pseudostrychnine（3）,pseudobrucine（4）,secoxyloganin（5）,caffeic acid（6...Fifteen compounds were isolated from the processed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica and were identified as follows：strychnine（1）,brucine（2）,pseudostrychnine（3）,pseudobrucine（4）,secoxyloganin（5）,caffeic acid（6）,p-hydroxybenzoic acid（7）,p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid（8）,uvaol（9）,stigmasta-7,22,25-triene-3-ol（10）,lupeol（11）,11-oxo-α-amyrin palmitate（12）,catechol（13）,maltol（14）,adenosine（15）.Compounds 5-15 were isolated from genus Strychnos for the first time.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To assess the acute organ toxicity of Strychnos nux-vomica with zebrafish model visually.METHODS:To assess acute toxicity,we initially determined the lethal concentration after Strychnos nux-vomica treatment...OBJECTIVE:To assess the acute organ toxicity of Strychnos nux-vomica with zebrafish model visually.METHODS:To assess acute toxicity,we initially determined the lethal concentration after Strychnos nux-vomica treatment for 24 h.Zebrafish was treated with five concentrations Strychnos nux-≦vo LC10 for 24 h,and the effects ofmica on morphology,function of heart,central nervous system,liver,kidney and organ-specific cell death were assessed.Next,we assessed the reversibility of toxic effect.RESULTS:Strychnos nux-vomica has an effect on the different organs of zebrafish,including heart,central nervous system,liver,and kidney,and cadiotoxicity induced by Strychnos nux-vomica was reversible to some extent.CONCLUSION:Zebrafish model is suitable for confirming the toxic target organs for Chinese traditional medicine.展开更多
To explore the effect of particle size on the quality uniformity and in vitro release performance of Strychnos nux-vomica powder, seven samples of Strychnos nux-vomica powder with different particle sizes were prepare...To explore the effect of particle size on the quality uniformity and in vitro release performance of Strychnos nux-vomica powder, seven samples of Strychnos nux-vomica powder with different particle sizes were prepared.Microstructures and particle sizes were analyzed, and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to test the contents and in vitro release performances of brucine and strychnine in the samples. Results showed that the contents and the in vitro release rates of brucine(or strychnine) in different samples were different since there are different proportions of endosperms to epidermal cells in Strychnos nux-vomica powder with different particle sizes. Brucine and strychnine in each sample were promptly released in the first ten minutes and their cumulative release rates were higher than 70% after ten minutes. Eighty minutes later, the cumulative release rate tended to be a constant. Considering the quality uniformity and safety of Strychnos nux-vomica powder used as traditional Chinese medicine, it would be better to control the particle size of Strychnos nux-vomica powder between 100 and 140 mesh in which the maximum cumulative release rate in vitro of brucine and strychnine can be relatively low within this range.展开更多
Three new indole glycosides 22-deoxystrictosamide(1),22-deoxystrictosamide Nb-oxide(2)and vincosamide 20-O-b-D-xylopyranoside-11-O-b-D-glucopyranoside(3),together with four known analogues were isolated from aqueous f...Three new indole glycosides 22-deoxystrictosamide(1),22-deoxystrictosamide Nb-oxide(2)and vincosamide 20-O-b-D-xylopyranoside-11-O-b-D-glucopyranoside(3),together with four known analogues were isolated from aqueous fraction of Strychnos nitida.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data.All the alkaloids were tested for their cytotoxic activity,but they did not show any exciting result.展开更多
A new method for the enrichment of Strychnos alkaloids in biological samples via liquid-phase microextxaodon （LPME） based on porous polypropylene hollow fibers in combination with on-line sweeping in micellar electr...A new method for the enrichment of Strychnos alkaloids in biological samples via liquid-phase microextxaodon （LPME） based on porous polypropylene hollow fibers in combination with on-line sweeping in micellar electrokinodc chromatography was developed. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 20-200 ng mL^-1 for both strychnine and brucine in human urine sample. The detection limits （S/N = 3：1） for strychnine and brucine were 1 ng mL^-1 and 2 ng mL^-1, respectively. The LPME-sweeping method has been successfully applied to the analysis of strychnine and brucine in real urine samples.展开更多
The present study reports a protocol for germination of Strychnos potatorum （ver. Tel. Chilla） using zygotic embryo culture as an embryo rescue method. A 100% germination rate was obtained by culturing the embryos o...The present study reports a protocol for germination of Strychnos potatorum （ver. Tel. Chilla） using zygotic embryo culture as an embryo rescue method. A 100% germination rate was obtained by culturing the embryos on full-strength Murashige and Skoog＇s medium （MS） containing 20 g/L sucrose in comparison to McCown and Lloyd＇s Woody Plant Medium （WPM）. Germination rates decreased when the sucrose concentration was lower or higher than 20 g·L-1 . WPM/MS medium containing glucose at levels 30, 20, 15 g·L-1 showed a smaller percentage of germination and at quarter strength, WPM/MS medium with glucose did not respond. Multiple shoot formation was found at 1.0 2.0 mg/L BAP; 3.0 mg/L Kn; 2.0 mg/L TDZ on MS medium with 20 g·L-1 sucrose. Germination rates improved when the embryos were placed upright （vertically） in the medium. The in vitro germinated seedlings were acclimatized in a walk-in-chamber and maintained in the green house with the survival rate of 65% 75%. These plants were transferred to the field and were found to be phenotypically normal, healthy and similar to donor plants. This protocol will be useful to overcome seed dormancy and for rapid multiplication and conservation of S. potatorum using zygotic embryo culture.展开更多
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological potential of the hydroethanol extract of Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark on reproductive functions in male guinea pigs exposed to cypermethrin. The...The main objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological potential of the hydroethanol extract of Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark on reproductive functions in male guinea pigs exposed to cypermethrin. The results showed that administration of the hydroethanolic extract (100 and 250 mg/kg) of Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark after exposure of the animals to cypermethrin induced a highly significant (p Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark produced a highly significant (p Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark may have protective effects against cypermethrin-induced male infertility due to its androgenic, spermatogenic and antiradical properties.展开更多
Maqianzi(马钱子Strychnos)is also called“Fanmubie(番木鳖),"“Kushi(苦实)”and“QianJi drug(牵机药).”The alias“Fanmubie”shows its origin and its characteristics.The name of“Kushi”implies its taste and flavor....Maqianzi(马钱子Strychnos)is also called“Fanmubie(番木鳖),"“Kushi(苦实)”and“QianJi drug(牵机药).”The alias“Fanmubie”shows its origin and its characteristics.The name of“Kushi”implies its taste and flavor.“Qianji Drug vividly shows the clinical manifestations of the poisoning of Maqianzi.The name of“Maqianzi”is the comprehensive display of its characteristic,toxicity,etc.,Maqianzi is famous for its poison,which is often used in the treatment of various intractable diseases.It shows the poison Culture in the Western Regions,meanwhile it also displays the unique charm of Traditional herbs in transforming poison into treasure.展开更多
A study was undertaken to quantify screw press-extractable oil in the seed coat of Strychnos madagascariensis(Poir.)fruits harvested from trees in the northern coastal plain of KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa a...A study was undertaken to quantify screw press-extractable oil in the seed coat of Strychnos madagascariensis(Poir.)fruits harvested from trees in the northern coastal plain of KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa and to determine the physiochemical properties and fatty acid composition of the oil.The seed coat constituted 19.36%of the dry fruit biomass and contained w/w 42%oil.Thus,the oil yield of the dried fruit was approx.8.13%.Monounsaturated oleic acid accounted for between ca.70-73%of the total fatty acids in the Strychnos oil.Palmitic acid was present in amounts ranging between 15.05 and 16.27%.Also present,but in smaller amounts were cis linoleic acid(5.76-6.03%),stearic acid(1.64-4.65%),n3 linolenic acid(1.26-1.90%),and palmitoleic acid(1.10-1.65%).The oil contained trace amounts of arachidic acid(0.45-0.54%)and eicosenoic acid(approx.0.325%).Vitamin E was present in appreciable amounts,mostly in the form ofα-tocopherol(approx.5.8-14.4 mg/100 g oil)andβ-tocotrienol(approx.8.1-15.6 mg/100 g oil)homologues.The downside was that the oil had high acid values(161-181.32 mg KOH/g)and free fatty acid content(66-81 g oleic acid/100 g oil).There were 141 volatile compounds detected in the Strychnos oil,the most dominant of which were butyl-butyrate(20%),butyl hexanoate(8.2%)and glycerol(6.1-6.7%).Overall,the results indicate that Strychnos madagascariensis has potential as a source of vegetable oil.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the antagonistic effect of the extract of Baizhu(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)(RAM)on the intestinal absorption of brucine and strychnine in Strychnos nux-vomica(NUX)and propose the mech...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the antagonistic effect of the extract of Baizhu(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)(RAM)on the intestinal absorption of brucine and strychnine in Strychnos nux-vomica(NUX)and propose the mechanism of these effects.METHODS:The apparent permeability value(Papp)and absorption rate constant(Ka)were chosen as indices.The everted intestinal sac model and in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model were used to study the effects of the RAM extract on the absorption of brucine and strychnine.To confirm the results,the brucine and strychnine concentrations in hepatic portal venous blood were determined.Western blotting was used to study P-glycoprotein(P-gp)expression in the Caco-2 cell line.RESULTS:Papp and Ka of brucine and strychnine were significantly increased in the presence of a P-gp inhibitor,but no significant increase was noted in the presence of a tight junction regulator.The RAM extract inhibited the absorption of brucine and strychnine and enhanced P-gp expression.CONCLUSION:The primary absorption mechanism for brucine and strychnine is passive transport,which is affected by P-gp.展开更多
基金Research Platform for Quality Standard of TCM and Information System Building(Grant No.2009ZX09308-04)National S&T Major Project-Created Major New Drugs Projects(Grant No.2009ZX09311-004)
文摘Fifteen compounds were isolated from the processed seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica and were identified as follows：strychnine（1）,brucine（2）,pseudostrychnine（3）,pseudobrucine（4）,secoxyloganin（5）,caffeic acid（6）,p-hydroxybenzoic acid（7）,p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid（8）,uvaol（9）,stigmasta-7,22,25-triene-3-ol（10）,lupeol（11）,11-oxo-α-amyrin palmitate（12）,catechol（13）,maltol（14）,adenosine（15）.Compounds 5-15 were isolated from genus Strychnos for the first time.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research And Postgraduate Education Joint Project(Key Technology Research and Application of Safety Evaluation for Toxic Chinese Medicinal Materials on the Basis of the Characteristics of Chemical Composition and Zebrafish,No.2050205)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To assess the acute organ toxicity of Strychnos nux-vomica with zebrafish model visually.METHODS:To assess acute toxicity,we initially determined the lethal concentration after Strychnos nux-vomica treatment for 24 h.Zebrafish was treated with five concentrations Strychnos nux-≦vo LC10 for 24 h,and the effects ofmica on morphology,function of heart,central nervous system,liver,kidney and organ-specific cell death were assessed.Next,we assessed the reversibility of toxic effect.RESULTS:Strychnos nux-vomica has an effect on the different organs of zebrafish,including heart,central nervous system,liver,and kidney,and cadiotoxicity induced by Strychnos nux-vomica was reversible to some extent.CONCLUSION:Zebrafish model is suitable for confirming the toxic target organs for Chinese traditional medicine.
基金Supported by the Plan Issue of Shanghai Science &Technology Committee(No.13401901100)
文摘To explore the effect of particle size on the quality uniformity and in vitro release performance of Strychnos nux-vomica powder, seven samples of Strychnos nux-vomica powder with different particle sizes were prepared.Microstructures and particle sizes were analyzed, and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to test the contents and in vitro release performances of brucine and strychnine in the samples. Results showed that the contents and the in vitro release rates of brucine(or strychnine) in different samples were different since there are different proportions of endosperms to epidermal cells in Strychnos nux-vomica powder with different particle sizes. Brucine and strychnine in each sample were promptly released in the first ten minutes and their cumulative release rates were higher than 70% after ten minutes. Eighty minutes later, the cumulative release rate tended to be a constant. Considering the quality uniformity and safety of Strychnos nux-vomica powder used as traditional Chinese medicine, it would be better to control the particle size of Strychnos nux-vomica powder between 100 and 140 mesh in which the maximum cumulative release rate in vitro of brucine and strychnine can be relatively low within this range.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81225024).
文摘Three new indole glycosides 22-deoxystrictosamide(1),22-deoxystrictosamide Nb-oxide(2)and vincosamide 20-O-b-D-xylopyranoside-11-O-b-D-glucopyranoside(3),together with four known analogues were isolated from aqueous fraction of Strychnos nitida.Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive analysis of spectroscopic data.All the alkaloids were tested for their cytotoxic activity,but they did not show any exciting result.
基金This work was supported both by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(B2006000413)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned 0verseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry.
文摘A new method for the enrichment of Strychnos alkaloids in biological samples via liquid-phase microextxaodon （LPME） based on porous polypropylene hollow fibers in combination with on-line sweeping in micellar electrokinodc chromatography was developed. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 20-200 ng mL^-1 for both strychnine and brucine in human urine sample. The detection limits （S/N = 3：1） for strychnine and brucine were 1 ng mL^-1 and 2 ng mL^-1, respectively. The LPME-sweeping method has been successfully applied to the analysis of strychnine and brucine in real urine samples.
基金supported by UGC,for financial assistance as Project Fellow under UGC-SAP-DRS-I programme(Ref. No. 558/UGC/KU/2010)
文摘The present study reports a protocol for germination of Strychnos potatorum （ver. Tel. Chilla） using zygotic embryo culture as an embryo rescue method. A 100% germination rate was obtained by culturing the embryos on full-strength Murashige and Skoog＇s medium （MS） containing 20 g/L sucrose in comparison to McCown and Lloyd＇s Woody Plant Medium （WPM）. Germination rates decreased when the sucrose concentration was lower or higher than 20 g·L-1 . WPM/MS medium containing glucose at levels 30, 20, 15 g·L-1 showed a smaller percentage of germination and at quarter strength, WPM/MS medium with glucose did not respond. Multiple shoot formation was found at 1.0 2.0 mg/L BAP; 3.0 mg/L Kn; 2.0 mg/L TDZ on MS medium with 20 g·L-1 sucrose. Germination rates improved when the embryos were placed upright （vertically） in the medium. The in vitro germinated seedlings were acclimatized in a walk-in-chamber and maintained in the green house with the survival rate of 65% 75%. These plants were transferred to the field and were found to be phenotypically normal, healthy and similar to donor plants. This protocol will be useful to overcome seed dormancy and for rapid multiplication and conservation of S. potatorum using zygotic embryo culture.
文摘The main objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacological potential of the hydroethanol extract of Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark on reproductive functions in male guinea pigs exposed to cypermethrin. The results showed that administration of the hydroethanolic extract (100 and 250 mg/kg) of Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark after exposure of the animals to cypermethrin induced a highly significant (p Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark produced a highly significant (p Strychnos camptoneura trunk bark may have protective effects against cypermethrin-induced male infertility due to its androgenic, spermatogenic and antiradical properties.
文摘Maqianzi(马钱子Strychnos)is also called“Fanmubie(番木鳖),"“Kushi(苦实)”and“QianJi drug(牵机药).”The alias“Fanmubie”shows its origin and its characteristics.The name of“Kushi”implies its taste and flavor.“Qianji Drug vividly shows the clinical manifestations of the poisoning of Maqianzi.The name of“Maqianzi”is the comprehensive display of its characteristic,toxicity,etc.,Maqianzi is famous for its poison,which is often used in the treatment of various intractable diseases.It shows the poison Culture in the Western Regions,meanwhile it also displays the unique charm of Traditional herbs in transforming poison into treasure.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa[Grant number 98716]and the University of Zululand.
文摘A study was undertaken to quantify screw press-extractable oil in the seed coat of Strychnos madagascariensis(Poir.)fruits harvested from trees in the northern coastal plain of KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa and to determine the physiochemical properties and fatty acid composition of the oil.The seed coat constituted 19.36%of the dry fruit biomass and contained w/w 42%oil.Thus,the oil yield of the dried fruit was approx.8.13%.Monounsaturated oleic acid accounted for between ca.70-73%of the total fatty acids in the Strychnos oil.Palmitic acid was present in amounts ranging between 15.05 and 16.27%.Also present,but in smaller amounts were cis linoleic acid(5.76-6.03%),stearic acid(1.64-4.65%),n3 linolenic acid(1.26-1.90%),and palmitoleic acid(1.10-1.65%).The oil contained trace amounts of arachidic acid(0.45-0.54%)and eicosenoic acid(approx.0.325%).Vitamin E was present in appreciable amounts,mostly in the form ofα-tocopherol(approx.5.8-14.4 mg/100 g oil)andβ-tocotrienol(approx.8.1-15.6 mg/100 g oil)homologues.The downside was that the oil had high acid values(161-181.32 mg KOH/g)and free fatty acid content(66-81 g oleic acid/100 g oil).There were 141 volatile compounds detected in the Strychnos oil,the most dominant of which were butyl-butyrate(20%),butyl hexanoate(8.2%)and glycerol(6.1-6.7%).Overall,the results indicate that Strychnos madagascariensis has potential as a source of vegetable oil.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81660757 and No.81303237)the Academic and Technological Foregoer Funds of Jiangxi Province,China(No.20162BCB22015)+3 种基金the Project on Cultivation of Medical Elite(Gan Po Ying Cai 555)(2013296)the Youth Science Funds of Jiangxi Province,China(No.20153BCB23019)the National Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(No.20161ACB21020)the Natural Science Research Project of Huaian(No.HAB201716)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the antagonistic effect of the extract of Baizhu(Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae)(RAM)on the intestinal absorption of brucine and strychnine in Strychnos nux-vomica(NUX)and propose the mechanism of these effects.METHODS:The apparent permeability value(Papp)and absorption rate constant(Ka)were chosen as indices.The everted intestinal sac model and in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion model were used to study the effects of the RAM extract on the absorption of brucine and strychnine.To confirm the results,the brucine and strychnine concentrations in hepatic portal venous blood were determined.Western blotting was used to study P-glycoprotein(P-gp)expression in the Caco-2 cell line.RESULTS:Papp and Ka of brucine and strychnine were significantly increased in the presence of a P-gp inhibitor,but no significant increase was noted in the presence of a tight junction regulator.The RAM extract inhibited the absorption of brucine and strychnine and enhanced P-gp expression.CONCLUSION:The primary absorption mechanism for brucine and strychnine is passive transport,which is affected by P-gp.
