Selective hydrogenation of 1,3‐butadiene is an essential process in the upgrading of the crude C4 cut from the petroleum chemical sector.Catalyst design is crucial to achieve a virtually alkadiene‐free product while...Selective hydrogenation of 1,3‐butadiene is an essential process in the upgrading of the crude C4 cut from the petroleum chemical sector.Catalyst design is crucial to achieve a virtually alkadiene‐free product while avoiding over‐hydrogenating valuable olefins.In addition to the great industrial relevance,this demanding selectivity pattern renders 1,3‐butadiene hydrogenation a widely used model reaction to discriminate selective hydrogenation catalysts in academia.Nonetheless,critical reviews on the catalyst development are extremely lacking in literature.In this review,we aim to provide the reader an in‐depth overview of different catalyst families,particularly the precious metal‐based monometallic catalysts(Pd,Pt,and Au),developed in the last half century.The emphasis is placed on the development of new strategies to design high‐performance architectures,the establishment of structure‐performance relationships,and the reaction and deactivation mechanisms.Thrilling directions for future optimization of catalyst formulations and engineering aspect are also provided.展开更多
To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content ...To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content in coal)catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,followed by acid washing to remove calcium-containing minerals.Comprehensive characterization and low-temperature denitrification tests revealed that calcite-induced structural modulation of coal-derived AC significantly enhances catalytic activity.Specifically,NO conversion increased from 88.3%of Mn-Ce/De-AC to 91.7%of Mn-Ce/De-AC-1CaCO_(3)(210℃).The improved SCR denitrification activity results from the enhancement of physicochemical properties including higher Mn^(4+)content and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio,an abundance of chemisorbed oxygen and acidic sites,which could strengthen the SCR reaction pathways(richer NH_(3)activated species and bidentate nitrate active species).Therefore,NO removal is enhanced.展开更多
The rapid advancements in computer vision(CV)technology have transformed the traditional approaches to material microstructure analysis.This review outlines the history of CV and explores the applications of deep-lear...The rapid advancements in computer vision(CV)technology have transformed the traditional approaches to material microstructure analysis.This review outlines the history of CV and explores the applications of deep-learning(DL)-driven CV in four key areas of materials science:microstructure-based performance prediction,microstructure information generation,microstructure defect detection,and crystal structure-based property prediction.The CV has significantly reduced the cost of traditional experimental methods used in material performance prediction.Moreover,recent progress made in generating microstructure images and detecting microstructural defects using CV has led to increased efficiency and reliability in material performance assessments.The DL-driven CV models can accelerate the design of new materials with optimized performance by integrating predictions based on both crystal and microstructural data,thereby allowing for the discovery and innovation of next-generation materials.Finally,the review provides insights into the rapid interdisciplinary developments in the field of materials science and future prospects.展开更多
Inspired that kangaroo can buffer the impact and absorb vibration from the ground and keep the whole-body stable,an integrated kangaroo bio-inspired vibration suppression(IKBVS)structure considering vibration isolatio...Inspired that kangaroo can buffer the impact and absorb vibration from the ground and keep the whole-body stable,an integrated kangaroo bio-inspired vibration suppression(IKBVS)structure considering vibration isolation-absorption simultaneously is proposed for low/wide band frequency vibration control.Based on skeleton mass,articulation friction,and the synergistic action among skeleton,articulation,and muscle/tendon,a vibration suppression model with more biological basic characteristics is derived.The validity of model and method is confirmed,and the static and dynamic analysis of the IKBVS system is carried out to investigate the vibration suppression performance.The quasi-zero stiffness region can be achieved with a smaller initial installation angle,medium rod length,smaller foot stiffness,and slightly lighter isolated mass in a wide displacement interval.The coupling mechanism of vibration isolation-absorption is revealed by parameter analysis.The results indicate that the IKBVS structure has favorite dynamic properties due to adjustable nonlinearity,namely,lower and adjustable resonance and anti-resonance frequency/peak and different levels of vibration suppression effect in high-frequency range are achieved readily.This research provides new insight into application of bio-inspired vibration suppression structures in various engineering systems for better vibration control.展开更多
To realize the practical application of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE),it is essential to develop highly active,durable,and cost-effective electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,w...To realize the practical application of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE),it is essential to develop highly active,durable,and cost-effective electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we report a hollow-structured Ni_(x)Co_(1−x)O/Ni_(3)S_(2)/Co_(9)S_(8)heterostructure synthesized via sequential template-assisted growth,thermal oxidation,and controlled sulfidation process.The abundant bimetallic heterointerfaces not only provide additional active sites but also promote electronic modulation via charge redistribution.Additionally,the porous and hollow architecture enhances active surface area and mass transfer ability,thereby increasing the number of accessible active sites for alkaline OER.As a result,the prepared electrocatalyst achieves low overpotential of 310 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)and small Tafel slope of 55.94 mV dec^(−1),demonstrating the exceptional electrocatalytic performance for alkaline OER.When integrated as the anode in an AEMWE cell,it delivers outstanding performance with only 1.657 V at 1.0 A cm^(−2)and reaches high current density of 5.0 A cm^(−2)at 1.989 V,surpassing those of commercial RuO_(2).The cell also shows excellent long-term durability over 100 h with minimal degradation.This study highlights the strong potential of rationally engineered oxide/sulfide heterostructures for next-generation alkaline water electrolysis.展开更多
The emergence of precision electronic devices and wearable electronic products urgently requires high-performance multifunctional electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers to meet the applicability and versatility in various...The emergence of precision electronic devices and wearable electronic products urgently requires high-performance multifunctional electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers to meet the applicability and versatility in various applications.Herein,a dual-network(DN)gel was successfully prepared using acrylamide and sodium lignosulphonate as the basic units by simple chemical cross-linking and physical cross-linking methods.Specifically,the hydrogel forms two types of cross-linking networks through metal coordination and hydrogen bonding.Benefiting from the combined effects of dipole polarization and conductivity loss,the gel achieves an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 6.74 GHz at a thickness of only 1.89 mm,demonstrating excellent EMW absorption performance.In addition,this unique structural configuration endows the EMW absorber with multifunctional features,such as remarkable tensile strength,good environmental compatibility,ultraviolet(UV)resistance,and excellent adhesion.Integrating multiple functional features into the EMW gels displays a broad application prospect in a variety of application scenarios.This research reveals the significance of DN structure design in the electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)performance of gel-based materials,providing a substantial foundation for the multifunctional design of gel-based absorbers.展开更多
Ammonium-ion hybrid supercapacitors(A-HSCs)have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage owing to their inherent safety and environmental sustainability.Hexagonal tungsten oxide(h-WO_(3)),wit...Ammonium-ion hybrid supercapacitors(A-HSCs)have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage owing to their inherent safety and environmental sustainability.Hexagonal tungsten oxide(h-WO_(3)),with its well-defined tunnel structure,holds great promise as a negative electrode material for NH^(4+)storage.However,its practical application is hindered by structural instability and poor intrinsic electrical conductivity.To address these challenges,a dual-regulation strategy is proposed,integrating molybdenum(Mo)doping and NH^(4+)pre-intercalation to concurrently optimize the tunnel structure and electronic environment of h-WO_(3)(Mo-NWO).Comprehensive experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that Mo doping narrows the bandgap of WO_(3)and reduces the diffusion energy barrier,thereby accelerating NH^(4+)adsorption and diffusion.Simultaneously,NH^(4+)pre-intercalation stabilizes the tunnel framework via hydrogen bonding,ensuring structural reversibility.As expected,the Mo-NWO/AC electrode achieves a high areal capacitance of 13.6 F cm^(−2)at 5 mA cm^(−2)and retains 80.14%of its capacitance after 5000 cycles,demonstrating exceptional rate capability and cycling stability.Moreover,the assembled Mn_(3)O_(4)//Mo-NWO/AC device delivers a high energy density of 3.41 mWh cm^(−2)and outstanding long-term stability(85.75%retention after 12,000 cycles).This work provides a viable strategy for designing high-performance NH^(4+)storage materials and advances the development of sustainable energy storage systems.展开更多
Designing materials with both structural load-bearing capacity and broadband electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption properties remains a significant challenge.In this work,SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite with gyroid structures ...Designing materials with both structural load-bearing capacity and broadband electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption properties remains a significant challenge.In this work,SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite with gyroid structures were prepared through digital light processing(DLP)3D printing,polymer-derived ceramics(PDCs),chemical vapor infiltration(CVI),and oxidation technologies.The incorporation of the CVISiC phase effectively increases the dissipation capability,while the synergistic interaction between the gyroid structure and SiO_(2)phase significantly improves impedance matching performance.The SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL min)of-62.2 d B at 4.3 mm,and the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)covered the X-band,with a thickness range of 4.1 mm-4.65 mm.The CST simulation results explain the broadband and low-frequency absorption characteristics,with an EAB of 8.4 GHz(9.6-18 GHz)and an RL min of-21.5 dB at 5 GHz.The excellent EM wave attenuation performance is associated primarily with polarization loss,conduction loss,the gyroid structure's enhancement of multiple reflections and scattering of EM waves,and the resonance effect between the structural units.The SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite also demonstrated strong mechanical properties,with a maximum compressive failure strength of 31.6 MPa in the height direction.This work opens novel prospects for the development of multifunctional structural wave-absorbing materials suitable for broadband microwave absorption and load-bearing properties.展开更多
La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation pr...La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation properties.However,the cycling stability is not currently satisfactory enough which plagues its application.Herein,a strategy of partially substituting La with the Y element is proposed to boost the capacity durability of La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.Furthermore,phase structure regulation is implemented simultaneously to obtain the A5 B19-type alloy with good crystal stability specifically.It is found that Y promotes the phase formation of the Pr5 Co19-type phase after annealing at 985℃.The alloy containing Y contributes to the superior rate capability resulting from the promoted hydrogen diffusion rate.Notably,Y substitution enables strengthening the anti-pulverization ability of the alloy in terms of increasing the volume match between[A_(2)B_(4)]and[AB5]subunits,and effectively enhances the anti-corrosion ability of the alloy due to high electronegativity,realizing improved long-term cycling stability of the alloy from 74.2%to 78.5%after cycling 300 times.The work is expected to shed light on the composition and structure design of the La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH batteries.展开更多
A buckling-restrained steel plate shear wall(BRSPSW)structure with butterfly-shaped links on the lateral sides is introduced to improve the cooperative perfor-mance between the BRSPSW and the boundary frames.A one-spa...A buckling-restrained steel plate shear wall(BRSPSW)structure with butterfly-shaped links on the lateral sides is introduced to improve the cooperative perfor-mance between the BRSPSW and the boundary frames.A one-span two-story concrete-filled steel tube(CFT)column frame specimen equipped with lateral-side butterfly-shaped linked BRSPSWs(LBL-BRSPSWs)is evaluated under low-cycle reversed loading.A finite element(FE)model is developed and validated based on the test results.This FE model accurately simulates the failure modes and load-dis-placement curves.Parametric analyses are conducted on the butterfly-shaped links.The results show that the interactions between the CFT column frame and LBL-BRSPSWs are sig-nificantly influenced by the width ratio of the butterfly-shaped links,while the taper ratio and aspect ratio have relatively minor influences.Compared with traditional steel shear walls with four-sided connections,LBL-BRSPSWs reduce the additional axial forces and bending moments in the frame columns by 28%to 73%and 17%to 87%,respectively,with only a 9%to 30%decrease in the lateral resistance.The experimental and parametric analysis results indicate that setting butterfly-shaped links on the lateral sides of BRSPSWs can significantly enhance their cooperative performance with the boundary frame.The butterfly-shaped link width ratio has a linear relationship with the lateral-resistance performance of the specimens and the additional internal forces in the frame columns.To ensure that LBL-BRSPSW fails prior to the column frames,the link width ratio should be optimized.展开更多
The effect of high welding heat inputs in the range of 50–200 kJ/cm on the microstructural evolution,MX(M=Ti,Nb and V;X=N and C)precipitation and mechanical properties was investigated in the coarse-grained heat-affe...The effect of high welding heat inputs in the range of 50–200 kJ/cm on the microstructural evolution,MX(M=Ti,Nb and V;X=N and C)precipitation and mechanical properties was investigated in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone(CGHAZ)of a high-Nb(0.10 wt.%)structural steel.The results showed that the primary microconstituents varied from lath bainite(LB)to intragranular acicular ferrite(IAF)+intragranular polygonal ferrite(IPF),and the most content of IAF was acquired at 100 kJ/cm.Moreover,the submicron Ti-and Nb-rich MX precipitates not only pinned prior austenite grain boundaries but also facilitated IAF and IPF nucleation with the Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship of[011]_(MX)//[111]_(Ferrite);the nanoscale V-rich MX precipitates hindered dislocation movement and followed the Baker–Nutting orientation relationship of[001]_(MX)//[001]_(Ferrite)with ferrite matrix,synergistically strengthening and toughening the CGHAZ.In addition,the−20℃impact absorbed energy firstly elevated from 93±5.2 J at 50 kJ/cm to 131±5.4 J at 100 kJ/cm and finally decreased to 59±3.0 J at 200 kJ/cm,being related to the IAF content,while the microhardness decreased from 312±26.1 to 269±12.9 HV0.1,because of the coarsened microstructure and the decreased content of LB and martensite.Compared to the CGHAZ properties with 0.05 wt.%Nb,a higher Nb content produced better low-temperature toughness,as more solid dissolved Nb atoms and precipitated Nb-rich MX particles in austenite limited prior austenite grain growth and promoted IAF formation.Furthermore,the welding process at 100 kJ/cm was most applicable for the high-Nb steel.展开更多
The development of high-performance structural and functional materials is vital in many industrial fields.High-and medium-entropy alloys(H/MEAs)with superior comprehensive properties owing to their specific microstru...The development of high-performance structural and functional materials is vital in many industrial fields.High-and medium-entropy alloys(H/MEAs)with superior comprehensive properties owing to their specific microstructures are promising candidates for structural materials.More importantly,multitudinous efforts have been made to regulate the microstructures and the properties of H/MEAs to further expand their industrial applications.The various heterostructures have enormous potential for the development of H/MEAs with outstanding performance.Herein,multiple heterogeneous structures with single and hierarchical heterogeneities were discussed in detail.Moreover,preparation methods for compositional inhomogeneity,bimodal structures,dualphase structures,lamella/layered structures,harmonic structures(core-shell),multiscale precipitates and heterostructures coupled with specific microstructures in H/MEAs were also systematically reviewed.The deformation mechanisms induced by the different heterostructures were thoroughly discussed to explore the relationship between the heterostructures and the optimized properties of H/MEAs.The contributions of the heterostructures and advanced microstructures to the H/MEAs were comprehensively elucidated to further improve the properties of the alloys.Finally,this review discussed the future challenges of high-performance H/MEAs for industrial applications and provides feasible methods for optimizing heterostructures to enhance the comprehensive properties of H/MEAs.展开更多
Four types of Mg-5Zn porous scaffolds with different pore geometries,including body-centered cubic(bcc),the rhombic dodecahedron(RD),gyroid(G),and primitive(P)types,were designed and fabricated using selective laser m...Four types of Mg-5Zn porous scaffolds with different pore geometries,including body-centered cubic(bcc),the rhombic dodecahedron(RD),gyroid(G),and primitive(P)types,were designed and fabricated using selective laser melting.Their forming quality,compression mechanical properties,and degradation behavior were investigated.Results indicate that the fabricated scaffolds exhibit good dimensional accuracy,and the surface chemical polishing treatment significantly improves the forming quality and reduces porosity error in porous scaffolds.Compared to the ones with rod structures(bcc,RD),the scaffolds with surface structures(G,P)have less powder particle adhesion.The G porous scaffold exhibits the best forming quality for the same design porosity.The predominant failure mode of scaffolds during compression is a 45°shear fracture.At a porosity of 75%,the compression property of all scaffolds meets the compressive property requirements of cancellous bone,while bcc and G structures show relatively better compression property.After immersion in Hank's solution for 168 h,the B-2-75% pore structure scaffold exhibits severe localized corrosion,with fractures in partial pillar connections.In contrast,the G-3-75% pore structure scaffold mainly undergoes uniform corrosion,maintaining structural integrity,and its corrosion rate and loss of compressive properties are less than those of the B-2-75%structure.After comparison,the G-pore structure scaffold is preferred.展开更多
Hydrocracking technology represents a crucial position in the conversion of heavy oil and the transformation development from oil refining to the chemical industry.The properties of catalysts are one of the key factor...Hydrocracking technology represents a crucial position in the conversion of heavy oil and the transformation development from oil refining to the chemical industry.The properties of catalysts are one of the key factors in the hydrocracking process.As the main acidic component of hydrocracking catalyst,the influence of zeolite properties on the reaction performance has been the focus of research.In this study,a series of NiMo/Al_(2)O_(3)-Y catalysts were prepared using different Y zeolites as acidic components,and their performances in the hydrocracking of n-C_(10)were also evaluated.The structure-activity relationship between Y zeolite and the cracking performance of n-C_(10)was investigated with machine learning.First,a database of the physical and chemical properties of Y zeolite and their performance was established,and the correlation analysis was also conducted.Parameters such as the cell constant,acid content,acid strength,B/L ratio,mesopore volume,micropore volume of Y zeolite,and the reaction temperature were selected as independent variables.The conversion of n-C_(10)and the ratios of products C_(3)/C_(7)and i-C_(4)/n-C_(4)were selected as dependent variables.A model was established by the random forest algorithm and a new zeolite was predicted based on it.The results of model prediction were in good agreement with the experimental results.The R^(2)of the n-C_(10)conversion,C_(3)/C_(7)ratio,and i-C_(4)/n-C_(4)ratio were 0.9866,0.9845,and 0.9922,and the minimum root mean square error values were 0.0163,0.101,and 0.0211,respectively.These results can provide reference for the development of high performance hydrocracking catalyst and technology.展开更多
Layer-structured Ruddlesden–Popper(RP)perovskites(RPPs)with decent stability have captured the imagination of the photovoltaic research community and bring hope for boosting the development of perovskite solar cell(P...Layer-structured Ruddlesden–Popper(RP)perovskites(RPPs)with decent stability have captured the imagination of the photovoltaic research community and bring hope for boosting the development of perovskite solar cell(PSC)technology.However,two-dimensional(2D)or quasi-2D RP PSCs are encountered with some challenges of the large exciton binding energy,blocked charge transport and poor film quality,which restrict their photovoltaic performance.Fortunately,these issues can be readily resolved by rationally designing spacer cations of RPPs.This review mainly focuses on how to design the molecular structures of organic spacers and aims to endow RPPs with outstanding photovoltaic applications.We firstly elucidated the important roles of organic spacers in impacting crystallization kinetics,charge transporting ability and stability of RPPs.Then we brought three aspects to attention for designing organic spacers.Finally,we presented the specific molecular structure design strategies for organic spacers of RPPs aiming to improve photovoltaic performance of RP PSCs.These proposed strategies in this review will provide new avenues to develop novel organic spacers for RPPs and advance the development of RPP photovoltaic technology for future applications.展开更多
ZrCoRE(RE denotes rare earth elements)non-evaporable getter films have significant applications in vacuum packaging of micro-electro mechanical system devices because of their excellent gas adsorption performance,low ...ZrCoRE(RE denotes rare earth elements)non-evaporable getter films have significant applications in vacuum packaging of micro-electro mechanical system devices because of their excellent gas adsorption performance,low activation temperature and environmental friendliness.The films were deposited using DC magnetron sputtering with argon and krypton gases under various deposition pressures.The effects of sputtering gas type and pressure on the morphology and hydrogen adsorption performance of ZrCoRE films were investigated.Results show that the films prepared in Ar exhibit a relatively dense structure with fewer grain boundaries.The increase in Ar pressure results in more grain boundaries and gap structures in the films.In contrast,films deposited in Kr display a higher density of grain boundaries and cluster structures,and the films have an obvious columnar crystal structure,with numerous interfaces and gaps distributed between the columnar structures,providing more paths for gas diffusion.As Kr pressure increases,the film demonstrates more pronounced continuous columnar structure growth,accompanied by deeper and wider grain boundaries.This structural configuration provides a larger specific surface area,which significantly improves the hydrogen adsorption speed and capacity.Consequently,high Ar and Kr pressures are beneficial to improve the adsorption performance.展开更多
Both solute-segregated long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)structure and stacking faults(SFs)are essential in strengthening rare-earth(RE)Mg alloys.Herein,LPSO-enriched Mg and SFs-enriched Mg are fabricated and comparab...Both solute-segregated long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)structure and stacking faults(SFs)are essential in strengthening rare-earth(RE)Mg alloys.Herein,LPSO-enriched Mg and SFs-enriched Mg are fabricated and comparably investigated for fatigue performances.During fatigue,the Mg nanolayers between LPSO lamellae or SFs act as the gliding channels of dislocations.However,SFs-enriched Mg exhibits outstanding fatigue strength due to solute strengthening within Mg nanolayers.Solute strengthening is assumed to contribute to the local accumulation of basal dislocations and the activation of non-basal dislocations.Dislocations are restricted locally and cannot glide long distances to specimen surfaces,which mitigates fatigue-induced extrusions and slip markings,ultimately leading to an increase in fatigue strength.These findings guide the development of RE-Mg alloys towards a synergy between high tensile and high fatigue performances.展开更多
This data set collects,compares and contrasts the capacities and structures of a series of hard carbon materials,and then searches for correlations between structure and electrochemical performance.The capacity data o...This data set collects,compares and contrasts the capacities and structures of a series of hard carbon materials,and then searches for correlations between structure and electrochemical performance.The capacity data of the hard carbons were obtained by charge/discharge tests and the materials were characterized by XRD,gas adsorption,true density tests and SAXS.In particular,the fitting of SAXS gave a series of structural parameters which showed good characterization.The related test details are given with the structural data of the hard carbons and the electrochemical performance of the sodium-ion batteries.展开更多
AZ31 magnesium alloy was used as the object of study to fabricate an alloy with the bimodal grain structure using singlepass hot rolling,and to explore how this structure enhances the strength and plasticity of the al...AZ31 magnesium alloy was used as the object of study to fabricate an alloy with the bimodal grain structure using singlepass hot rolling,and to explore how this structure enhances the strength and plasticity of the alloy.The results show that the formation of the bimodal grain structure is more pronounced at rolling temperatures ranging from 350°C to 450°C,especially under conditions of large reduction(≥40%).The optimized proportion and distribution of the bimodal grain structure play a pivotal role in simultaneously enhancing the strength and ductility of the alloy,significantly impacting the mechanical properties.The rolled sheet with the bimodal grain structure achieves an ultimate tensile strength of 258.3 MPa and an elongation of 17.1%under a rolling reduction of 40%with the rolling rate of 75 m/min and rolling temperature of 400°C.Adjusting rolling parameters,including temperature,reduction ratio and rolling rate,is crucial for optimizing the bimodal grain structure,thereby achieving a balance between plasticity improvement and high strength maintenance.展开更多
In the background of carbon neutrality,monolithic ceramic catalysts are universally used in energy conversion and chemical catalysis due to the high heat and mass transfer efficiencies,low bed pressures,and scalabilit...In the background of carbon neutrality,monolithic ceramic catalysts are universally used in energy conversion and chemical catalysis due to the high heat and mass transfer efficiencies,low bed pressures,and scalability through modular design.However,traditional manufacturing processes are limited by mold dependence,organic solvent toxicity,and insufficient molding capability for complex structures,resulting in difficulty achieving precise regulation of cross-scale pores.Additive manufacturing(AM)technology employs a digital layered molding strategy to achieve the cross-scale structural regulation of catalysts from macroscopic flow channels to mesopores and micropores.This paper summarizes recent advances in the structural design of monolithic catalysts enabled by AM technologies and highlights their emerging applications in catalytic processes.Structurally,AM-fabricated monoliths have been effectively employed in key chemical reactions such as fuel reforming,CO_(2)conversion,biofuel synthesis.Strategies such as geometrical topology optimization,multi-scale pore synergy,biomimetic structural design,and functional gradient integration have been utilized to enhance heat and mass transport,reduce pressure drops,and improve overall catalytic performance.By overcoming the limitations of traditional catalysts,AM technologies create a new paradigm for addressing the longstanding challenge of coupling mass transfer with reaction kinetics.This approach provides a feasible pathway for driving both theoretical innovation and practical implementation of high-efficiency catalytic systems.展开更多
基金supported by Zhejiang Normal University (YS304320035, YS304320036)
文摘Selective hydrogenation of 1,3‐butadiene is an essential process in the upgrading of the crude C4 cut from the petroleum chemical sector.Catalyst design is crucial to achieve a virtually alkadiene‐free product while avoiding over‐hydrogenating valuable olefins.In addition to the great industrial relevance,this demanding selectivity pattern renders 1,3‐butadiene hydrogenation a widely used model reaction to discriminate selective hydrogenation catalysts in academia.Nonetheless,critical reviews on the catalyst development are extremely lacking in literature.In this review,we aim to provide the reader an in‐depth overview of different catalyst families,particularly the precious metal‐based monometallic catalysts(Pd,Pt,and Au),developed in the last half century.The emphasis is placed on the development of new strategies to design high‐performance architectures,the establishment of structure‐performance relationships,and the reaction and deactivation mechanisms.Thrilling directions for future optimization of catalyst formulations and engineering aspect are also provided.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Cooperation and Exchange special project of Cooperation of Shanxi Province(202404041101014)the Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202403021212333)+3 种基金the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20555)the Lvliang Key R&D of University-Local Cooperation(2023XDHZ10)the Initiation Fund for Doctoral Research of Taiyuan University of Science and Technology(20242026)the Outstanding Doctor Funding Award of Shanxi Province(20242080).
文摘To elucidate the effect of calcite-regulated activated carbon(AC)structure on low-temperature denitrification performance of SCR catalysts,this work prepared a series of Mn-Ce/De-AC-xCaCO_(3)(x is the calcite content in coal)catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method,followed by acid washing to remove calcium-containing minerals.Comprehensive characterization and low-temperature denitrification tests revealed that calcite-induced structural modulation of coal-derived AC significantly enhances catalytic activity.Specifically,NO conversion increased from 88.3%of Mn-Ce/De-AC to 91.7%of Mn-Ce/De-AC-1CaCO_(3)(210℃).The improved SCR denitrification activity results from the enhancement of physicochemical properties including higher Mn^(4+)content and Ce^(4+)/Ce^(3+)ratio,an abundance of chemisorbed oxygen and acidic sites,which could strengthen the SCR reaction pathways(richer NH_(3)activated species and bidentate nitrate active species).Therefore,NO removal is enhanced.
基金financially supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(No.52025041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52450003,U2341267,and 52174294)+1 种基金the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents,China(No.BX20240437)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.FRF-IDRY-23-037 and FRF-TP-20-02C2)。
文摘The rapid advancements in computer vision(CV)technology have transformed the traditional approaches to material microstructure analysis.This review outlines the history of CV and explores the applications of deep-learning(DL)-driven CV in four key areas of materials science:microstructure-based performance prediction,microstructure information generation,microstructure defect detection,and crystal structure-based property prediction.The CV has significantly reduced the cost of traditional experimental methods used in material performance prediction.Moreover,recent progress made in generating microstructure images and detecting microstructural defects using CV has led to increased efficiency and reliability in material performance assessments.The DL-driven CV models can accelerate the design of new materials with optimized performance by integrating predictions based on both crystal and microstructural data,thereby allowing for the discovery and innovation of next-generation materials.Finally,the review provides insights into the rapid interdisciplinary developments in the field of materials science and future prospects.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52275091)Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(Grant No.2022-MS-125)+1 种基金Shenyang Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.23-503-6-02)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.N2303011).
文摘Inspired that kangaroo can buffer the impact and absorb vibration from the ground and keep the whole-body stable,an integrated kangaroo bio-inspired vibration suppression(IKBVS)structure considering vibration isolation-absorption simultaneously is proposed for low/wide band frequency vibration control.Based on skeleton mass,articulation friction,and the synergistic action among skeleton,articulation,and muscle/tendon,a vibration suppression model with more biological basic characteristics is derived.The validity of model and method is confirmed,and the static and dynamic analysis of the IKBVS system is carried out to investigate the vibration suppression performance.The quasi-zero stiffness region can be achieved with a smaller initial installation angle,medium rod length,smaller foot stiffness,and slightly lighter isolated mass in a wide displacement interval.The coupling mechanism of vibration isolation-absorption is revealed by parameter analysis.The results indicate that the IKBVS structure has favorite dynamic properties due to adjustable nonlinearity,namely,lower and adjustable resonance and anti-resonance frequency/peak and different levels of vibration suppression effect in high-frequency range are achieved readily.This research provides new insight into application of bio-inspired vibration suppression structures in various engineering systems for better vibration control.
基金supported by the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (KIAT)the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. P0022130)by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)-Innovative Human Resource Development for Local Intellectualization program grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT)(IITP-2025-RS-2023-00259678)
文摘To realize the practical application of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE),it is essential to develop highly active,durable,and cost-effective electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we report a hollow-structured Ni_(x)Co_(1−x)O/Ni_(3)S_(2)/Co_(9)S_(8)heterostructure synthesized via sequential template-assisted growth,thermal oxidation,and controlled sulfidation process.The abundant bimetallic heterointerfaces not only provide additional active sites but also promote electronic modulation via charge redistribution.Additionally,the porous and hollow architecture enhances active surface area and mass transfer ability,thereby increasing the number of accessible active sites for alkaline OER.As a result,the prepared electrocatalyst achieves low overpotential of 310 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2)and small Tafel slope of 55.94 mV dec^(−1),demonstrating the exceptional electrocatalytic performance for alkaline OER.When integrated as the anode in an AEMWE cell,it delivers outstanding performance with only 1.657 V at 1.0 A cm^(−2)and reaches high current density of 5.0 A cm^(−2)at 1.989 V,surpassing those of commercial RuO_(2).The cell also shows excellent long-term durability over 100 h with minimal degradation.This study highlights the strong potential of rationally engineered oxide/sulfide heterostructures for next-generation alkaline water electrolysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52231007,51872238,52074227,and 21806129)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.3102018zy045,3102019AX11,and 5000220455)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2017JQ5116 and 2020JM-118).
文摘The emergence of precision electronic devices and wearable electronic products urgently requires high-performance multifunctional electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers to meet the applicability and versatility in various applications.Herein,a dual-network(DN)gel was successfully prepared using acrylamide and sodium lignosulphonate as the basic units by simple chemical cross-linking and physical cross-linking methods.Specifically,the hydrogel forms two types of cross-linking networks through metal coordination and hydrogen bonding.Benefiting from the combined effects of dipole polarization and conductivity loss,the gel achieves an effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 6.74 GHz at a thickness of only 1.89 mm,demonstrating excellent EMW absorption performance.In addition,this unique structural configuration endows the EMW absorber with multifunctional features,such as remarkable tensile strength,good environmental compatibility,ultraviolet(UV)resistance,and excellent adhesion.Integrating multiple functional features into the EMW gels displays a broad application prospect in a variety of application scenarios.This research reveals the significance of DN structure design in the electromagnetic wave absorption(EWA)performance of gel-based materials,providing a substantial foundation for the multifunctional design of gel-based absorbers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2024GXNSFBA010033)the Special Fund for Science and Technology Development of Guangxi(Grant No.AD25069078).
文摘Ammonium-ion hybrid supercapacitors(A-HSCs)have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage owing to their inherent safety and environmental sustainability.Hexagonal tungsten oxide(h-WO_(3)),with its well-defined tunnel structure,holds great promise as a negative electrode material for NH^(4+)storage.However,its practical application is hindered by structural instability and poor intrinsic electrical conductivity.To address these challenges,a dual-regulation strategy is proposed,integrating molybdenum(Mo)doping and NH^(4+)pre-intercalation to concurrently optimize the tunnel structure and electronic environment of h-WO_(3)(Mo-NWO).Comprehensive experimental and theoretical analyses reveal that Mo doping narrows the bandgap of WO_(3)and reduces the diffusion energy barrier,thereby accelerating NH^(4+)adsorption and diffusion.Simultaneously,NH^(4+)pre-intercalation stabilizes the tunnel framework via hydrogen bonding,ensuring structural reversibility.As expected,the Mo-NWO/AC electrode achieves a high areal capacitance of 13.6 F cm^(−2)at 5 mA cm^(−2)and retains 80.14%of its capacitance after 5000 cycles,demonstrating exceptional rate capability and cycling stability.Moreover,the assembled Mn_(3)O_(4)//Mo-NWO/AC device delivers a high energy density of 3.41 mWh cm^(−2)and outstanding long-term stability(85.75%retention after 12,000 cycles).This work provides a viable strategy for designing high-performance NH^(4+)storage materials and advances the development of sustainable energy storage systems.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12141203,52202083,W2421013)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2024JC-YBMS-450)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024YFHZ0265)the Open Project of High-end Equipment Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology Laboratory(Grant No.2023KFKT0005)。
文摘Designing materials with both structural load-bearing capacity and broadband electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption properties remains a significant challenge.In this work,SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite with gyroid structures were prepared through digital light processing(DLP)3D printing,polymer-derived ceramics(PDCs),chemical vapor infiltration(CVI),and oxidation technologies.The incorporation of the CVISiC phase effectively increases the dissipation capability,while the synergistic interaction between the gyroid structure and SiO_(2)phase significantly improves impedance matching performance.The SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL min)of-62.2 d B at 4.3 mm,and the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)covered the X-band,with a thickness range of 4.1 mm-4.65 mm.The CST simulation results explain the broadband and low-frequency absorption characteristics,with an EAB of 8.4 GHz(9.6-18 GHz)and an RL min of-21.5 dB at 5 GHz.The excellent EM wave attenuation performance is associated primarily with polarization loss,conduction loss,the gyroid structure's enhancement of multiple reflections and scattering of EM waves,and the resonance effect between the structural units.The SiOC/SiC/SiO_(2)composite also demonstrated strong mechanical properties,with a maximum compressive failure strength of 31.6 MPa in the height direction.This work opens novel prospects for the development of multifunctional structural wave-absorbing materials suitable for broadband microwave absorption and load-bearing properties.
基金the financial support by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201282,52071281,52371239)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M742945)+4 种基金Hebei Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.B2023003023)the Science Research Project of Hebei Education Department(No.BJK2022033)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.C2022203003)the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Major Project(No.2020ZD0012)the Baotou Science and Technology Planning Project(No.XM2022BT09).
文摘La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloys with superlattice structures are the new generation anode material for nickel metal hydride(Ni-MH)batteries owing to the advantages of high capacity and exceptional activation properties.However,the cycling stability is not currently satisfactory enough which plagues its application.Herein,a strategy of partially substituting La with the Y element is proposed to boost the capacity durability of La-Mg-Ni-based alloys.Furthermore,phase structure regulation is implemented simultaneously to obtain the A5 B19-type alloy with good crystal stability specifically.It is found that Y promotes the phase formation of the Pr5 Co19-type phase after annealing at 985℃.The alloy containing Y contributes to the superior rate capability resulting from the promoted hydrogen diffusion rate.Notably,Y substitution enables strengthening the anti-pulverization ability of the alloy in terms of increasing the volume match between[A_(2)B_(4)]and[AB5]subunits,and effectively enhances the anti-corrosion ability of the alloy due to high electronegativity,realizing improved long-term cycling stability of the alloy from 74.2%to 78.5%after cycling 300 times.The work is expected to shed light on the composition and structure design of the La-Mg-Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy for Ni-MH batteries.
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3805005)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Research Program(No.22DZ1201404).
文摘A buckling-restrained steel plate shear wall(BRSPSW)structure with butterfly-shaped links on the lateral sides is introduced to improve the cooperative perfor-mance between the BRSPSW and the boundary frames.A one-span two-story concrete-filled steel tube(CFT)column frame specimen equipped with lateral-side butterfly-shaped linked BRSPSWs(LBL-BRSPSWs)is evaluated under low-cycle reversed loading.A finite element(FE)model is developed and validated based on the test results.This FE model accurately simulates the failure modes and load-dis-placement curves.Parametric analyses are conducted on the butterfly-shaped links.The results show that the interactions between the CFT column frame and LBL-BRSPSWs are sig-nificantly influenced by the width ratio of the butterfly-shaped links,while the taper ratio and aspect ratio have relatively minor influences.Compared with traditional steel shear walls with four-sided connections,LBL-BRSPSWs reduce the additional axial forces and bending moments in the frame columns by 28%to 73%and 17%to 87%,respectively,with only a 9%to 30%decrease in the lateral resistance.The experimental and parametric analysis results indicate that setting butterfly-shaped links on the lateral sides of BRSPSWs can significantly enhance their cooperative performance with the boundary frame.The butterfly-shaped link width ratio has a linear relationship with the lateral-resistance performance of the specimens and the additional internal forces in the frame columns.To ensure that LBL-BRSPSW fails prior to the column frames,the link width ratio should be optimized.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52104333)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia(Grant No.2024MS05029)+1 种基金the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.NJYT24070)the Research Project of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.STZX202316).
文摘The effect of high welding heat inputs in the range of 50–200 kJ/cm on the microstructural evolution,MX(M=Ti,Nb and V;X=N and C)precipitation and mechanical properties was investigated in the coarse-grained heat-affected zone(CGHAZ)of a high-Nb(0.10 wt.%)structural steel.The results showed that the primary microconstituents varied from lath bainite(LB)to intragranular acicular ferrite(IAF)+intragranular polygonal ferrite(IPF),and the most content of IAF was acquired at 100 kJ/cm.Moreover,the submicron Ti-and Nb-rich MX precipitates not only pinned prior austenite grain boundaries but also facilitated IAF and IPF nucleation with the Kurdjumov–Sachs orientation relationship of[011]_(MX)//[111]_(Ferrite);the nanoscale V-rich MX precipitates hindered dislocation movement and followed the Baker–Nutting orientation relationship of[001]_(MX)//[001]_(Ferrite)with ferrite matrix,synergistically strengthening and toughening the CGHAZ.In addition,the−20℃impact absorbed energy firstly elevated from 93±5.2 J at 50 kJ/cm to 131±5.4 J at 100 kJ/cm and finally decreased to 59±3.0 J at 200 kJ/cm,being related to the IAF content,while the microhardness decreased from 312±26.1 to 269±12.9 HV0.1,because of the coarsened microstructure and the decreased content of LB and martensite.Compared to the CGHAZ properties with 0.05 wt.%Nb,a higher Nb content produced better low-temperature toughness,as more solid dissolved Nb atoms and precipitated Nb-rich MX particles in austenite limited prior austenite grain growth and promoted IAF formation.Furthermore,the welding process at 100 kJ/cm was most applicable for the high-Nb steel.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52261032,51861021,51661016)Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province(21YF5GA074)+2 种基金Public Welfare Project of Zhejiang Natural Science Foundation(LGG22E010008)Wenzhou Basic Public Welfare Scientific Research Project(G2023020)Incubation Program of Excellent Doctoral Dissertation-Lanzhou University of Technology。
文摘The development of high-performance structural and functional materials is vital in many industrial fields.High-and medium-entropy alloys(H/MEAs)with superior comprehensive properties owing to their specific microstructures are promising candidates for structural materials.More importantly,multitudinous efforts have been made to regulate the microstructures and the properties of H/MEAs to further expand their industrial applications.The various heterostructures have enormous potential for the development of H/MEAs with outstanding performance.Herein,multiple heterogeneous structures with single and hierarchical heterogeneities were discussed in detail.Moreover,preparation methods for compositional inhomogeneity,bimodal structures,dualphase structures,lamella/layered structures,harmonic structures(core-shell),multiscale precipitates and heterostructures coupled with specific microstructures in H/MEAs were also systematically reviewed.The deformation mechanisms induced by the different heterostructures were thoroughly discussed to explore the relationship between the heterostructures and the optimized properties of H/MEAs.The contributions of the heterostructures and advanced microstructures to the H/MEAs were comprehensively elucidated to further improve the properties of the alloys.Finally,this review discussed the future challenges of high-performance H/MEAs for industrial applications and provides feasible methods for optimizing heterostructures to enhance the comprehensive properties of H/MEAs.
基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Department(2022YFSH0021)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2024SF2-GJHX-14,2021SF-296)。
文摘Four types of Mg-5Zn porous scaffolds with different pore geometries,including body-centered cubic(bcc),the rhombic dodecahedron(RD),gyroid(G),and primitive(P)types,were designed and fabricated using selective laser melting.Their forming quality,compression mechanical properties,and degradation behavior were investigated.Results indicate that the fabricated scaffolds exhibit good dimensional accuracy,and the surface chemical polishing treatment significantly improves the forming quality and reduces porosity error in porous scaffolds.Compared to the ones with rod structures(bcc,RD),the scaffolds with surface structures(G,P)have less powder particle adhesion.The G porous scaffold exhibits the best forming quality for the same design porosity.The predominant failure mode of scaffolds during compression is a 45°shear fracture.At a porosity of 75%,the compression property of all scaffolds meets the compressive property requirements of cancellous bone,while bcc and G structures show relatively better compression property.After immersion in Hank's solution for 168 h,the B-2-75% pore structure scaffold exhibits severe localized corrosion,with fractures in partial pillar connections.In contrast,the G-3-75% pore structure scaffold mainly undergoes uniform corrosion,maintaining structural integrity,and its corrosion rate and loss of compressive properties are less than those of the B-2-75%structure.After comparison,the G-pore structure scaffold is preferred.
文摘Hydrocracking technology represents a crucial position in the conversion of heavy oil and the transformation development from oil refining to the chemical industry.The properties of catalysts are one of the key factors in the hydrocracking process.As the main acidic component of hydrocracking catalyst,the influence of zeolite properties on the reaction performance has been the focus of research.In this study,a series of NiMo/Al_(2)O_(3)-Y catalysts were prepared using different Y zeolites as acidic components,and their performances in the hydrocracking of n-C_(10)were also evaluated.The structure-activity relationship between Y zeolite and the cracking performance of n-C_(10)was investigated with machine learning.First,a database of the physical and chemical properties of Y zeolite and their performance was established,and the correlation analysis was also conducted.Parameters such as the cell constant,acid content,acid strength,B/L ratio,mesopore volume,micropore volume of Y zeolite,and the reaction temperature were selected as independent variables.The conversion of n-C_(10)and the ratios of products C_(3)/C_(7)and i-C_(4)/n-C_(4)were selected as dependent variables.A model was established by the random forest algorithm and a new zeolite was predicted based on it.The results of model prediction were in good agreement with the experimental results.The R^(2)of the n-C_(10)conversion,C_(3)/C_(7)ratio,and i-C_(4)/n-C_(4)ratio were 0.9866,0.9845,and 0.9922,and the minimum root mean square error values were 0.0163,0.101,and 0.0211,respectively.These results can provide reference for the development of high performance hydrocracking catalyst and technology.
基金funding from National Science Foundation of China(52202337 and 22178015)the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn202211082)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2023MB051)Independent Innovation Research Project of China University of Petroleum(East China)(22CX06023A).
文摘Layer-structured Ruddlesden–Popper(RP)perovskites(RPPs)with decent stability have captured the imagination of the photovoltaic research community and bring hope for boosting the development of perovskite solar cell(PSC)technology.However,two-dimensional(2D)or quasi-2D RP PSCs are encountered with some challenges of the large exciton binding energy,blocked charge transport and poor film quality,which restrict their photovoltaic performance.Fortunately,these issues can be readily resolved by rationally designing spacer cations of RPPs.This review mainly focuses on how to design the molecular structures of organic spacers and aims to endow RPPs with outstanding photovoltaic applications.We firstly elucidated the important roles of organic spacers in impacting crystallization kinetics,charge transporting ability and stability of RPPs.Then we brought three aspects to attention for designing organic spacers.Finally,we presented the specific molecular structure design strategies for organic spacers of RPPs aiming to improve photovoltaic performance of RP PSCs.These proposed strategies in this review will provide new avenues to develop novel organic spacers for RPPs and advance the development of RPP photovoltaic technology for future applications.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62171208)Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(23JRRA1355)。
文摘ZrCoRE(RE denotes rare earth elements)non-evaporable getter films have significant applications in vacuum packaging of micro-electro mechanical system devices because of their excellent gas adsorption performance,low activation temperature and environmental friendliness.The films were deposited using DC magnetron sputtering with argon and krypton gases under various deposition pressures.The effects of sputtering gas type and pressure on the morphology and hydrogen adsorption performance of ZrCoRE films were investigated.Results show that the films prepared in Ar exhibit a relatively dense structure with fewer grain boundaries.The increase in Ar pressure results in more grain boundaries and gap structures in the films.In contrast,films deposited in Kr display a higher density of grain boundaries and cluster structures,and the films have an obvious columnar crystal structure,with numerous interfaces and gaps distributed between the columnar structures,providing more paths for gas diffusion.As Kr pressure increases,the film demonstrates more pronounced continuous columnar structure growth,accompanied by deeper and wider grain boundaries.This structural configuration provides a larger specific surface area,which significantly improves the hydrogen adsorption speed and capacity.Consequently,high Ar and Kr pressures are beneficial to improve the adsorption performance.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12102280,12172238,12332012)Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(No.GZB20230473)+1 种基金Support of Ultramicroscopy Research Center(URC,Kyushu University)are highly acknowledged.Yao Chen acknowledges the support of JSPS Fellowship(No.JP22F22720)JSPS KAKENHI(No JP22K03828).
文摘Both solute-segregated long-period stacking ordered(LPSO)structure and stacking faults(SFs)are essential in strengthening rare-earth(RE)Mg alloys.Herein,LPSO-enriched Mg and SFs-enriched Mg are fabricated and comparably investigated for fatigue performances.During fatigue,the Mg nanolayers between LPSO lamellae or SFs act as the gliding channels of dislocations.However,SFs-enriched Mg exhibits outstanding fatigue strength due to solute strengthening within Mg nanolayers.Solute strengthening is assumed to contribute to the local accumulation of basal dislocations and the activation of non-basal dislocations.Dislocations are restricted locally and cannot glide long distances to specimen surfaces,which mitigates fatigue-induced extrusions and slip markings,ultimately leading to an increase in fatigue strength.These findings guide the development of RE-Mg alloys towards a synergy between high tensile and high fatigue performances.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22379157)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-102)+2 种基金Institute of Coal Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(SCJC-XCL-2023-13,SCJCXCL-2023-10)Talent Projects for Outstanding Doctoral Students to Work in Shanxi Province(E3SWR4791Z)Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province(202403021222485).
文摘This data set collects,compares and contrasts the capacities and structures of a series of hard carbon materials,and then searches for correlations between structure and electrochemical performance.The capacity data of the hard carbons were obtained by charge/discharge tests and the materials were characterized by XRD,gas adsorption,true density tests and SAXS.In particular,the fitting of SAXS gave a series of structural parameters which showed good characterization.The related test details are given with the structural data of the hard carbons and the electrochemical performance of the sodium-ion batteries.
基金Corresponding author:Jiang Haitao,Ph.D.,Professor,Institute of Engineering Technology,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 102206,P.R.China,Tel:0086-10-62332598,E-mail:jianght@ustb.edu.cn。
文摘AZ31 magnesium alloy was used as the object of study to fabricate an alloy with the bimodal grain structure using singlepass hot rolling,and to explore how this structure enhances the strength and plasticity of the alloy.The results show that the formation of the bimodal grain structure is more pronounced at rolling temperatures ranging from 350°C to 450°C,especially under conditions of large reduction(≥40%).The optimized proportion and distribution of the bimodal grain structure play a pivotal role in simultaneously enhancing the strength and ductility of the alloy,significantly impacting the mechanical properties.The rolled sheet with the bimodal grain structure achieves an ultimate tensile strength of 258.3 MPa and an elongation of 17.1%under a rolling reduction of 40%with the rolling rate of 75 m/min and rolling temperature of 400°C.Adjusting rolling parameters,including temperature,reduction ratio and rolling rate,is crucial for optimizing the bimodal grain structure,thereby achieving a balance between plasticity improvement and high strength maintenance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52405414)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M762580)+1 种基金Young Talent Fund of Xi'an Association for Science and Technology(Grant No.0959202513033)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,and the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities.The authors gratefully acknowledge the support by the Instrumental Analysis Center of Xi’an Jiaotong University for sample characterization.
文摘In the background of carbon neutrality,monolithic ceramic catalysts are universally used in energy conversion and chemical catalysis due to the high heat and mass transfer efficiencies,low bed pressures,and scalability through modular design.However,traditional manufacturing processes are limited by mold dependence,organic solvent toxicity,and insufficient molding capability for complex structures,resulting in difficulty achieving precise regulation of cross-scale pores.Additive manufacturing(AM)technology employs a digital layered molding strategy to achieve the cross-scale structural regulation of catalysts from macroscopic flow channels to mesopores and micropores.This paper summarizes recent advances in the structural design of monolithic catalysts enabled by AM technologies and highlights their emerging applications in catalytic processes.Structurally,AM-fabricated monoliths have been effectively employed in key chemical reactions such as fuel reforming,CO_(2)conversion,biofuel synthesis.Strategies such as geometrical topology optimization,multi-scale pore synergy,biomimetic structural design,and functional gradient integration have been utilized to enhance heat and mass transport,reduce pressure drops,and improve overall catalytic performance.By overcoming the limitations of traditional catalysts,AM technologies create a new paradigm for addressing the longstanding challenge of coupling mass transfer with reaction kinetics.This approach provides a feasible pathway for driving both theoretical innovation and practical implementation of high-efficiency catalytic systems.
