Electron-correlated materials have been drawing ever-increasing attention due to their fascinating physical behaviors and extensive application scenarios.In this review,a new method for material research and design(R&...Electron-correlated materials have been drawing ever-increasing attention due to their fascinating physical behaviors and extensive application scenarios.In this review,a new method for material research and design(R&D),named structural-functional unit ordering(SFU ordering),which is presented,overcomes the shortcomings—for example,the limitation of finite chemical elements and long R&D circle-of conventional strategy and thus provides guidance for the design of these high-performance functional materials on demand.Meanwhile,with the development of material characterization technologies,SFUs of different scales and types can be directly observed,which,moreover,regulate the corresponding orderings.The review,starts with an introduction of the profile for SFU ordering and the synergistic effect between SFUs.Then,studies on several new high-performance electronic-correlated materials,for example,a ferromagnetic semiconductor with local spin,ferromagnetic metals with spin topologies,ferroelectric thin films with polar topologies,piezoelectric thin films with nanopillars enclosed by charged boundaries,thermoelectric materials with local ferromagnetic nanoparticles and topotactic phase transformation with conducting nanofilaments are stated in detail one by one.The vital aspect is the breaking of local symmetry,the construction,the structure,of SFUs and their orderings existing or theoretically existing,together with the enhanced/new performance.All in all,the main comments of the review tend to the remaining challenges,promising design approaches for the SFUs,and their orderings for high-performance functional materials.展开更多
The excessive emission of CO_(2) has caused many environmental issues and is severely threatening the eco-system.CO_(2) electroreduction reaction(CO_(2) RR) that driven by sustainable power is an ideal route for reali...The excessive emission of CO_(2) has caused many environmental issues and is severely threatening the eco-system.CO_(2) electroreduction reaction(CO_(2) RR) that driven by sustainable power is an ideal route for realizing the net reduction of CO_(2) and carbon recycle.Developing efficient electrocatalysts with low cost and high performance is critical for the wide applications of CO_(2) RR electrolysis.Among the various explored CO_(2) RR catalysts,non-noble metal(NNM)-based nanomaterials have drawn increasing attentions due to the remarkable performance and low cost.In this mini-review,the recent advances of NNM-based CO_(2) RR catalysts are summarized,and the catalysts are classified based on their corresponding reduction products.The preparation strategies for engineering the electrocatalysts are introduced,and the relevant CO_(2) RR mechanisms are discussed in detail.Finally,the current challenges in CO_(2) RR research are presented,and some perspectives are proposed for the future development of CO_(2) RR technology.This mini-review introduces the recent advances and frontiers of NNM-based CO_(2) RR catalysts,which should shed light on the further exploration of efficient CO_(2) RR electrocatalysts.展开更多
Forest phenotypic responses are significantly influenced by extreme climate conditions,particularly canopy structure and photosynthetic traits.However,the underlying mechanisms driving these responses,especially in co...Forest phenotypic responses are significantly influenced by extreme climate conditions,particularly canopy structure and photosynthetic traits.However,the underlying mechanisms driving these responses,especially in conifer species,remain poorly understood.This study employs advanced phenotyping technologies,combining three-dimensional(3D)canopy reconstruction with high-resolution physiological trait analysis,quantifying changes in key physiological traits that light interception,gas exchange parameters stomatal conductance,and chlorophyll content.Developing 3D reconstruction algorithms tailored to conifer canopies is essential for simulating forest ecosystem responses under varying canopy densities.We investigate the following questions:(1)How does thinning affect canopy light penetration and photosynthetic efficiency?Thinning significantly increased light penetration from 15%(CK)to 22%,enhancing photosynthetic efficiency,resulting in an 18%increase in carbon absorption under drought conditions.(2)How does reduced-rainfall affect photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)and stomatal conductance?Reduced-rainfall caused a 12%decrease in PAR,a 20%reduction in stomatal conductance,and an 8%decrease in chlorophyll content.(3)What are the synergistic effects of thinning and reduced-rainfall in carbon absorption?Thinning under reduced-rainfall increased carbon absorption by 25%.This study reveals a significant correlation between chlorophyll content,leaf nitrogen content,and canopy structural dynamics under drought and elevated temperature conditions,offering new in-sights into the adaptive mechanisms plants employ to adjust their photosynthetic processes.In conclusion,the development of 3D reconstruction algorithms tailored for conifer canopies,in regulating photosynthetic traits,is crucial for improving forest adaptation,contributing to functional trait-based forest management and ecosystem modeling.展开更多
New writing systems for several of China’s minority languages were developed and implemented during a unique period in Chinese history.Throughout the different stages of modern Chinese history,these writing systems h...New writing systems for several of China’s minority languages were developed and implemented during a unique period in Chinese history.Throughout the different stages of modern Chinese history,these writing systems have had various societal functions and uses,including the improvement of education and literacy for China’s ethnic minorities.In the new era,the societal functions of these newly created systems have been weakened by the large-scale influence from both outside and within minority environment.Nevertheless,the newly created writing systems have undeniable value and significance,and they continue to serve positive functions that cannot be fulfilled by other writing systems.展开更多
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3201100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172128)the Top Young Talents Programme of Xi'an Jiaotong University.
文摘Electron-correlated materials have been drawing ever-increasing attention due to their fascinating physical behaviors and extensive application scenarios.In this review,a new method for material research and design(R&D),named structural-functional unit ordering(SFU ordering),which is presented,overcomes the shortcomings—for example,the limitation of finite chemical elements and long R&D circle-of conventional strategy and thus provides guidance for the design of these high-performance functional materials on demand.Meanwhile,with the development of material characterization technologies,SFUs of different scales and types can be directly observed,which,moreover,regulate the corresponding orderings.The review,starts with an introduction of the profile for SFU ordering and the synergistic effect between SFUs.Then,studies on several new high-performance electronic-correlated materials,for example,a ferromagnetic semiconductor with local spin,ferromagnetic metals with spin topologies,ferroelectric thin films with polar topologies,piezoelectric thin films with nanopillars enclosed by charged boundaries,thermoelectric materials with local ferromagnetic nanoparticles and topotactic phase transformation with conducting nanofilaments are stated in detail one by one.The vital aspect is the breaking of local symmetry,the construction,the structure,of SFUs and their orderings existing or theoretically existing,together with the enhanced/new performance.All in all,the main comments of the review tend to the remaining challenges,promising design approaches for the SFUs,and their orderings for high-performance functional materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52001227 and 51972224)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M661014)。
文摘The excessive emission of CO_(2) has caused many environmental issues and is severely threatening the eco-system.CO_(2) electroreduction reaction(CO_(2) RR) that driven by sustainable power is an ideal route for realizing the net reduction of CO_(2) and carbon recycle.Developing efficient electrocatalysts with low cost and high performance is critical for the wide applications of CO_(2) RR electrolysis.Among the various explored CO_(2) RR catalysts,non-noble metal(NNM)-based nanomaterials have drawn increasing attentions due to the remarkable performance and low cost.In this mini-review,the recent advances of NNM-based CO_(2) RR catalysts are summarized,and the catalysts are classified based on their corresponding reduction products.The preparation strategies for engineering the electrocatalysts are introduced,and the relevant CO_(2) RR mechanisms are discussed in detail.Finally,the current challenges in CO_(2) RR research are presented,and some perspectives are proposed for the future development of CO_(2) RR technology.This mini-review introduces the recent advances and frontiers of NNM-based CO_(2) RR catalysts,which should shed light on the further exploration of efficient CO_(2) RR electrocatalysts.
基金This work is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of CAF(CAFYBB2023QA001)State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100 Shaanxi,P.R.China(F2010121002-202429)+1 种基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2200801)National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program)(32371862).
文摘Forest phenotypic responses are significantly influenced by extreme climate conditions,particularly canopy structure and photosynthetic traits.However,the underlying mechanisms driving these responses,especially in conifer species,remain poorly understood.This study employs advanced phenotyping technologies,combining three-dimensional(3D)canopy reconstruction with high-resolution physiological trait analysis,quantifying changes in key physiological traits that light interception,gas exchange parameters stomatal conductance,and chlorophyll content.Developing 3D reconstruction algorithms tailored to conifer canopies is essential for simulating forest ecosystem responses under varying canopy densities.We investigate the following questions:(1)How does thinning affect canopy light penetration and photosynthetic efficiency?Thinning significantly increased light penetration from 15%(CK)to 22%,enhancing photosynthetic efficiency,resulting in an 18%increase in carbon absorption under drought conditions.(2)How does reduced-rainfall affect photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)and stomatal conductance?Reduced-rainfall caused a 12%decrease in PAR,a 20%reduction in stomatal conductance,and an 8%decrease in chlorophyll content.(3)What are the synergistic effects of thinning and reduced-rainfall in carbon absorption?Thinning under reduced-rainfall increased carbon absorption by 25%.This study reveals a significant correlation between chlorophyll content,leaf nitrogen content,and canopy structural dynamics under drought and elevated temperature conditions,offering new in-sights into the adaptive mechanisms plants employ to adjust their photosynthetic processes.In conclusion,the development of 3D reconstruction algorithms tailored for conifer canopies,in regulating photosynthetic traits,is crucial for improving forest adaptation,contributing to functional trait-based forest management and ecosystem modeling.
文摘New writing systems for several of China’s minority languages were developed and implemented during a unique period in Chinese history.Throughout the different stages of modern Chinese history,these writing systems have had various societal functions and uses,including the improvement of education and literacy for China’s ethnic minorities.In the new era,the societal functions of these newly created systems have been weakened by the large-scale influence from both outside and within minority environment.Nevertheless,the newly created writing systems have undeniable value and significance,and they continue to serve positive functions that cannot be fulfilled by other writing systems.
