In the evolutionary process of socio-cultural structure,various“memories”and codes have been created as a collection of interpretations,rules,and regulations made by various experts in social,cultural,political,and ...In the evolutionary process of socio-cultural structure,various“memories”and codes have been created as a collection of interpretations,rules,and regulations made by various experts in social,cultural,political,and religious leaders including kings,emperors,and sages.In these contexts,this article is focused to analyze the status,power,and authority of females in terms of the explanation of Manu Smriti in the structural-functional perspective.Mostly secondary and qualitative data have been used in this article.The data have been collected through the historical content analysis method.To obtain the objective,the facts have been collected from the verses of Manu Smriti(which are related to female issues)and historical interpretation of ancient society.Collected secondary data have been analyzed through the historical content analysis method.According to the structural-functional point of view,due to the socio-cultural environment of the time in which the laws and regulations related to women have to be made,these issues seem to be more relevant,such as the permission of men for functioning,child marriage,etc.Analyzing the issues from a patriarchal point of view,the law of the time was in favor of women’s inequality and exploitation of women.The theory of patriarchy mentions that women are oppressed,exploited,and subjugated by men in the patriarchal social structure.The facts of Manu Smriti,such as women as the gods,as an indicator of respect,as a symbol of the progress,etc.,are not congruent to the explanation of the theory of patriarchy.展开更多
Electron-correlated materials have been drawing ever-increasing attention due to their fascinating physical behaviors and extensive application scenarios.In this review,a new method for material research and design(R&...Electron-correlated materials have been drawing ever-increasing attention due to their fascinating physical behaviors and extensive application scenarios.In this review,a new method for material research and design(R&D),named structural-functional unit ordering(SFU ordering),which is presented,overcomes the shortcomings—for example,the limitation of finite chemical elements and long R&D circle-of conventional strategy and thus provides guidance for the design of these high-performance functional materials on demand.Meanwhile,with the development of material characterization technologies,SFUs of different scales and types can be directly observed,which,moreover,regulate the corresponding orderings.The review,starts with an introduction of the profile for SFU ordering and the synergistic effect between SFUs.Then,studies on several new high-performance electronic-correlated materials,for example,a ferromagnetic semiconductor with local spin,ferromagnetic metals with spin topologies,ferroelectric thin films with polar topologies,piezoelectric thin films with nanopillars enclosed by charged boundaries,thermoelectric materials with local ferromagnetic nanoparticles and topotactic phase transformation with conducting nanofilaments are stated in detail one by one.The vital aspect is the breaking of local symmetry,the construction,the structure,of SFUs and their orderings existing or theoretically existing,together with the enhanced/new performance.All in all,the main comments of the review tend to the remaining challenges,promising design approaches for the SFUs,and their orderings for high-performance functional materials.展开更多
The excessive emission of CO_(2) has caused many environmental issues and is severely threatening the eco-system.CO_(2) electroreduction reaction(CO_(2) RR) that driven by sustainable power is an ideal route for reali...The excessive emission of CO_(2) has caused many environmental issues and is severely threatening the eco-system.CO_(2) electroreduction reaction(CO_(2) RR) that driven by sustainable power is an ideal route for realizing the net reduction of CO_(2) and carbon recycle.Developing efficient electrocatalysts with low cost and high performance is critical for the wide applications of CO_(2) RR electrolysis.Among the various explored CO_(2) RR catalysts,non-noble metal(NNM)-based nanomaterials have drawn increasing attentions due to the remarkable performance and low cost.In this mini-review,the recent advances of NNM-based CO_(2) RR catalysts are summarized,and the catalysts are classified based on their corresponding reduction products.The preparation strategies for engineering the electrocatalysts are introduced,and the relevant CO_(2) RR mechanisms are discussed in detail.Finally,the current challenges in CO_(2) RR research are presented,and some perspectives are proposed for the future development of CO_(2) RR technology.This mini-review introduces the recent advances and frontiers of NNM-based CO_(2) RR catalysts,which should shed light on the further exploration of efficient CO_(2) RR electrocatalysts.展开更多
New writing systems for several of China’s minority languages were developed and implemented during a unique period in Chinese history.Throughout the different stages of modern Chinese history,these writing systems h...New writing systems for several of China’s minority languages were developed and implemented during a unique period in Chinese history.Throughout the different stages of modern Chinese history,these writing systems have had various societal functions and uses,including the improvement of education and literacy for China’s ethnic minorities.In the new era,the societal functions of these newly created systems have been weakened by the large-scale influence from both outside and within minority environment.Nevertheless,the newly created writing systems have undeniable value and significance,and they continue to serve positive functions that cannot be fulfilled by other writing systems.展开更多
文摘In the evolutionary process of socio-cultural structure,various“memories”and codes have been created as a collection of interpretations,rules,and regulations made by various experts in social,cultural,political,and religious leaders including kings,emperors,and sages.In these contexts,this article is focused to analyze the status,power,and authority of females in terms of the explanation of Manu Smriti in the structural-functional perspective.Mostly secondary and qualitative data have been used in this article.The data have been collected through the historical content analysis method.To obtain the objective,the facts have been collected from the verses of Manu Smriti(which are related to female issues)and historical interpretation of ancient society.Collected secondary data have been analyzed through the historical content analysis method.According to the structural-functional point of view,due to the socio-cultural environment of the time in which the laws and regulations related to women have to be made,these issues seem to be more relevant,such as the permission of men for functioning,child marriage,etc.Analyzing the issues from a patriarchal point of view,the law of the time was in favor of women’s inequality and exploitation of women.The theory of patriarchy mentions that women are oppressed,exploited,and subjugated by men in the patriarchal social structure.The facts of Manu Smriti,such as women as the gods,as an indicator of respect,as a symbol of the progress,etc.,are not congruent to the explanation of the theory of patriarchy.
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFB3201100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52172128)the Top Young Talents Programme of Xi'an Jiaotong University.
文摘Electron-correlated materials have been drawing ever-increasing attention due to their fascinating physical behaviors and extensive application scenarios.In this review,a new method for material research and design(R&D),named structural-functional unit ordering(SFU ordering),which is presented,overcomes the shortcomings—for example,the limitation of finite chemical elements and long R&D circle-of conventional strategy and thus provides guidance for the design of these high-performance functional materials on demand.Meanwhile,with the development of material characterization technologies,SFUs of different scales and types can be directly observed,which,moreover,regulate the corresponding orderings.The review,starts with an introduction of the profile for SFU ordering and the synergistic effect between SFUs.Then,studies on several new high-performance electronic-correlated materials,for example,a ferromagnetic semiconductor with local spin,ferromagnetic metals with spin topologies,ferroelectric thin films with polar topologies,piezoelectric thin films with nanopillars enclosed by charged boundaries,thermoelectric materials with local ferromagnetic nanoparticles and topotactic phase transformation with conducting nanofilaments are stated in detail one by one.The vital aspect is the breaking of local symmetry,the construction,the structure,of SFUs and their orderings existing or theoretically existing,together with the enhanced/new performance.All in all,the main comments of the review tend to the remaining challenges,promising design approaches for the SFUs,and their orderings for high-performance functional materials.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52001227 and 51972224)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M661014)。
文摘The excessive emission of CO_(2) has caused many environmental issues and is severely threatening the eco-system.CO_(2) electroreduction reaction(CO_(2) RR) that driven by sustainable power is an ideal route for realizing the net reduction of CO_(2) and carbon recycle.Developing efficient electrocatalysts with low cost and high performance is critical for the wide applications of CO_(2) RR electrolysis.Among the various explored CO_(2) RR catalysts,non-noble metal(NNM)-based nanomaterials have drawn increasing attentions due to the remarkable performance and low cost.In this mini-review,the recent advances of NNM-based CO_(2) RR catalysts are summarized,and the catalysts are classified based on their corresponding reduction products.The preparation strategies for engineering the electrocatalysts are introduced,and the relevant CO_(2) RR mechanisms are discussed in detail.Finally,the current challenges in CO_(2) RR research are presented,and some perspectives are proposed for the future development of CO_(2) RR technology.This mini-review introduces the recent advances and frontiers of NNM-based CO_(2) RR catalysts,which should shed light on the further exploration of efficient CO_(2) RR electrocatalysts.
文摘New writing systems for several of China’s minority languages were developed and implemented during a unique period in Chinese history.Throughout the different stages of modern Chinese history,these writing systems have had various societal functions and uses,including the improvement of education and literacy for China’s ethnic minorities.In the new era,the societal functions of these newly created systems have been weakened by the large-scale influence from both outside and within minority environment.Nevertheless,the newly created writing systems have undeniable value and significance,and they continue to serve positive functions that cannot be fulfilled by other writing systems.
