Metasurface-based nanoprinting(meta-nanoprinting)has fully demonstrated its advantages in ultrahigh-density gray-scale/color image recording and display.A typical meta-nanoprinting device usually has image resolutions...Metasurface-based nanoprinting(meta-nanoprinting)has fully demonstrated its advantages in ultrahigh-density gray-scale/color image recording and display.A typical meta-nanoprinting device usually has image resolutions reaching 80 k dots per inch(dpi),far exceeding conventional technology such as gravure printing(typ.5 k dpi).Besides,by fully exploit-ing the design degrees of freedom of nanostructured metasurfaces,meta-nanoprinting has been developed from previ-ous single-channel to multiple-channels,to current multifunctional integration or even dynamic display.In this review,we overview the development of meta-nanoprinting,including the physics of nanoprinting to manipulate optical amplitude and spectrum,single-functional meta-nanoprinting,multichannel meta-nanoprinting,dynamic meta-nanoprinting and mul-tifunctional metasurface integrating nanoprinting with holography or metalens,etc.Applications of meta-nanoprinting such as image display,vortex beam generation,information decoding and hiding,information encryption,high-density optical storage and optical anti-counterfeiting have also been discussed.Finally,we conclude the opportunities and chal-lenges/perspectives in this rapidly developing research field of meta-nanoprinting.展开更多
The honesty of structural-based ornaments is controversial. Sexual selection theory predicts that the honesty of a sexual signal relies on its cost of production or maintenance. Therefore, environmental factors with n...The honesty of structural-based ornaments is controversial. Sexual selection theory predicts that the honesty of a sexual signal relies on its cost of production or maintenance. Therefore, environmental factors with negative impact on individuals could generate high costs and affect the expres- sion of these sexual signals. In this sense, parasites are a main cost for their hosts. To probe the effect of parasites on the structural-based coloration of a lacertid species Lacerta schreiberi, we have experimentally removed ticks from a group of male Iberian green lizards using an acaricide treatment （i.e., the broad-use insecticide fipronil）. All individuals were radio-tracked and recaptured after 15 days to study changes in coloration in both the ultraviolet （UV）-blue （structural-based） and UV-yellow （structural and pigment-based） ornamentations after manipulation, as well as changes in endoand ectoparasitic load and body condition. Additionally, after the experiment, we measured the skin inflammatory response to a mitogen. The fipronil treatment was effective in reducing ticks and it was associated with a significant reduction of hemoparasite load. Throughout the season, individuals treated with fipronil tended to maintain the brightness of the UV-blue throat coloration while control lizards tended to increase it. However, individuals treated with fipronil that were not infected with hemoparasites significantly reduced the brightness of the UV-blue throat color ation. Individuals with a higher initial tick load exhibited a lower UV saturation increment （UV-blue） and a higher brightness increment （UV-yellow） during the experiment. Overall these results experimentally support the idea that parasites adversely influence the expression of the structural-based coloration of male Iberian green lizards. This adds evidence to the hypothesis that sexual ornaments in lizards function as honest signals.展开更多
The use of submicron structures for structural coloration of surfaces has broad applications for color filters,projection displays,virtual reality,and anti-counterfeiting.Currently,structural color images lack high re...The use of submicron structures for structural coloration of surfaces has broad applications for color filters,projection displays,virtual reality,and anti-counterfeiting.Currently,structural color images lack high resolution due to low manufacturing accuracy.In this study,the axial-feed fly cutting(AFC)method is proposed to fabricate submicron grooves for the diffraction of visible light to create structural color images.We establish the relationship between the color information in the pixels of the original image and the parameters of the array units corresponding to the pixels.An algorithm to determine groove spacing and the tool path is established,and array units with the desired groove spacing are machined to reproduce the structural color images.The submicron grooves fabricated by AFC have high quality and good consistency.Due to the excellent diffraction performance of the machined grooves,images with high saturation and resolution can be reproduced.It is verified that images with various colors can be efficiently fabricated using the proposed method and algorithm.展开更多
基金We are grateful for financial supports from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFE0205800)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174292,62205252,11904267 and 91950110)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant Nos.2042022kf0024,2042022kf1013 and 2042022kf1011).
文摘Metasurface-based nanoprinting(meta-nanoprinting)has fully demonstrated its advantages in ultrahigh-density gray-scale/color image recording and display.A typical meta-nanoprinting device usually has image resolutions reaching 80 k dots per inch(dpi),far exceeding conventional technology such as gravure printing(typ.5 k dpi).Besides,by fully exploit-ing the design degrees of freedom of nanostructured metasurfaces,meta-nanoprinting has been developed from previ-ous single-channel to multiple-channels,to current multifunctional integration or even dynamic display.In this review,we overview the development of meta-nanoprinting,including the physics of nanoprinting to manipulate optical amplitude and spectrum,single-functional meta-nanoprinting,multichannel meta-nanoprinting,dynamic meta-nanoprinting and mul-tifunctional metasurface integrating nanoprinting with holography or metalens,etc.Applications of meta-nanoprinting such as image display,vortex beam generation,information decoding and hiding,information encryption,high-density optical storage and optical anti-counterfeiting have also been discussed.Finally,we conclude the opportunities and chal-lenges/perspectives in this rapidly developing research field of meta-nanoprinting.
文摘The honesty of structural-based ornaments is controversial. Sexual selection theory predicts that the honesty of a sexual signal relies on its cost of production or maintenance. Therefore, environmental factors with negative impact on individuals could generate high costs and affect the expres- sion of these sexual signals. In this sense, parasites are a main cost for their hosts. To probe the effect of parasites on the structural-based coloration of a lacertid species Lacerta schreiberi, we have experimentally removed ticks from a group of male Iberian green lizards using an acaricide treatment （i.e., the broad-use insecticide fipronil）. All individuals were radio-tracked and recaptured after 15 days to study changes in coloration in both the ultraviolet （UV）-blue （structural-based） and UV-yellow （structural and pigment-based） ornamentations after manipulation, as well as changes in endoand ectoparasitic load and body condition. Additionally, after the experiment, we measured the skin inflammatory response to a mitogen. The fipronil treatment was effective in reducing ticks and it was associated with a significant reduction of hemoparasite load. Throughout the season, individuals treated with fipronil tended to maintain the brightness of the UV-blue throat coloration while control lizards tended to increase it. However, individuals treated with fipronil that were not infected with hemoparasites significantly reduced the brightness of the UV-blue throat color ation. Individuals with a higher initial tick load exhibited a lower UV saturation increment （UV-blue） and a higher brightness increment （UV-yellow） during the experiment. Overall these results experimentally support the idea that parasites adversely influence the expression of the structural-based coloration of male Iberian green lizards. This adds evidence to the hypothesis that sexual ornaments in lizards function as honest signals.
基金National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2015CB059900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51775046 and 51875043)the Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Young Teachers in the Higher Education Institutions of China(No.151052).
文摘The use of submicron structures for structural coloration of surfaces has broad applications for color filters,projection displays,virtual reality,and anti-counterfeiting.Currently,structural color images lack high resolution due to low manufacturing accuracy.In this study,the axial-feed fly cutting(AFC)method is proposed to fabricate submicron grooves for the diffraction of visible light to create structural color images.We establish the relationship between the color information in the pixels of the original image and the parameters of the array units corresponding to the pixels.An algorithm to determine groove spacing and the tool path is established,and array units with the desired groove spacing are machined to reproduce the structural color images.The submicron grooves fabricated by AFC have high quality and good consistency.Due to the excellent diffraction performance of the machined grooves,images with high saturation and resolution can be reproduced.It is verified that images with various colors can be efficiently fabricated using the proposed method and algorithm.
