The structural adjustment of China＇s economy requires the support of economic theories dedicated to structural issues. But new structural economics （NSE） is significantly different from old structural economics （...The structural adjustment of China＇s economy requires the support of economic theories dedicated to structural issues. But new structural economics （NSE） is significantly different from old structural economics （OSE） in terms of development strategies and policies. They expound on the paths of industrial structure improvement and steady economic growth for developing countries from two different perspectives, comparative advantage and first-mover advantage, which result in a toss-up. From the clashing theories and observations of the true state of Chinese economy, we can see that the core features of China＇s current economic structure are a cumulative result of the insufficient ＂complementary＂ and ＂inducing＂ roles of government investment, which requires the introduction of certain investment models to design an effective structural adjustment plan. From the perspective of investment priority, scope （public service or production）, motives, capacity and decision-making and multi-sectoral coordination, this paper analyzes the key connections between NSE and OSE and strives to design an appropriate and accurate investment plan from the perspective of stability, flexibility and under- pinning in the hope of resolving the issues facing the structural adjustment of the Chinese economy. The first step is to identify investment priorities and enable the market to play the decisive role and the government the guiding role. The second step is to identify crucial nodes and adapt investments to trends of the new industrial revolution. The third step is to focus on the resolution of livelihood issues to steer China out of the low-income trap and clear of the middle-income trap. Not only do investment variables have to become an instrument to continuously improve Chi- na＇s factor endowment structure, but also investment as a mechanism underpinning development has to be adopted throughout the entire duration of the process of reform to fulfill the goal of structural adjustment pursued by both NSE and OSE.展开更多
A regional multiple objective water resource and economic optimization model was developed using a quantitative method of systematic analysis. Input to the model includes indexes of economic structure and development,...A regional multiple objective water resource and economic optimization model was developed using a quantitative method of systematic analysis. Input to the model includes indexes of economic structure and development, water resource utilization, wastewater and pollutant discharge, and investment in wastewater treatment. The model, which consists of production structure and industrial structure optimization modules, was applied to the Guanzhong region in the middle reaches of the Huanghe (Yellow) River basin in China. By evaluating several alternative production and industrialization schemes, the modal indicate that water pollution will get worsen though wastewater treatment improves if the economy continues to develop at the planned speed without structural adjustment. However, the results also show that not only economic goals but also water resource protection and pollution control targets can be achieved under an alternative, recommended production and industrial structure. This example illustrates that economic development and environmental protection can be improved coordinately by the regional multiple objective water resource and economic optimization model. It provides an operable approach to the simultaneous sustained development of water resources and economic growth.展开更多
Supply-side structural reforms are structural adjustments and institutional reforms to address the mismatch between supply and demand and improve TFP. The mismatch is exhibited at the supply side and arises from struc...Supply-side structural reforms are structural adjustments and institutional reforms to address the mismatch between supply and demand and improve TFP. The mismatch is exhibited at the supply side and arises from structural contradictions and must be addressed through reforms. Supply-side structural reforms can be analyzed at the levels of firms, industries and government to arrive at theoretical and systematic conclusions that offer practical guidance. Based on this perspective, this paper proposes policy recommendations on how to deal with zombie firms, reduce cost for manufacturing companies, deepen SOE reforms, eliminate overcapacity, implement ＂Made in China 2025＂ and Internet＋ strategies, promote Beijing-l^anjin-Hebei integrated development, as well as develop the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the old industrial bases of the northeast.展开更多
County economies form a distinctive,integrated regional economic structure.Their growth is shaped by specific social and historical conditions,and it influences many aspects of wider economic and social development.In...County economies form a distinctive,integrated regional economic structure.Their growth is shaped by specific social and historical conditions,and it influences many aspects of wider economic and social development.In China’s modernisation process,they have always played a vital role.The 2024 Central Economic Work Conference placed strong emphasis on vigorously developing county economies.展开更多
Land, as a key factor of production, is an appropriate indicator of national and regional economic structure transformation. Land use in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Basin （CRB） since the 1950s has experienced t...Land, as a key factor of production, is an appropriate indicator of national and regional economic structure transformation. Land use in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Basin （CRB） since the 1950s has experienced these changes. Industrialization has been the most powerful force of the change in the regional development of the CRB. Virtually all regional resources were put into this effort to modernize the industrial production and urban construction systems of the CRB whose industrialization and urbanization has been a success story, with impressive structural change in both production and land use. These changes are evident ih modem urban areas, but even more in traditionally rural areas. The regression analysis of regional development in the CRB over an extended period shows that the dominant factor in regional land use change is widespread industrialization in rural areas rather than the expansion of urban area. Thus, urbanization has had a limited influence on land use change in the CRB. A major task in realizing more sustainable land use in the future development of CRB is to relocate industrial activities from rural to urban areas.展开更多
The use of multi-perspective and multi-scalar city networks has gradually developed into a range of critical approaches to understand spatial interactions and linkages. In particular, road linkages represent key chara...The use of multi-perspective and multi-scalar city networks has gradually developed into a range of critical approaches to understand spatial interactions and linkages. In particular, road linkages represent key characteristics of spatial dependence and distance decay, and are of great significance in depicting spatial relationships at the regional scale. Therefore, based on highway passenger flow data between prefecture-level administrative units, this paper attempted to identify the functional structures and regional impacts of city networks in China, and to further explore the spatial organization patterns of the existing functional regions, aiming to deepen our understanding of city network structures and to provide new cognitive perspectives for ongoing research. The research results lead to four key conclusions. First, city networks that are based on highway flows exhibit strong spatial dependence and hierarchical characteristics, to a large extent spatially coupled with the distributions of major megaregions in China. These phenomena are a reflection of spatial relationships at regional scales as well as core-periphery structure. Second, 19 communities that belong to an important type of spatial configuration are identified through community detection algorithm, and we suggest they are correspondingly urban economic regions within urban China. Their spatial metaphors include the administrative region economy, spatial spillover effects of megaregions, and core-periphery structure. Third, each community possesses a specific city network system and exhibits strong spatial dependence and various spatial organization patterns. Regional patterns have emerged as the result of multi-level, dynamic, and networked characteristics. Fourth, adopting a morphology-based perspective, the regional city network systems can be basically divided into monocentric, dual-nuclei, polycentric, and low-level equilibration spatial structures, while most are developing monocentrically.展开更多
China＇ s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural ...China＇ s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural construction, total abolition of agricultural tax, the construction of modern agriculture and other major strategic decisions have been introduced; free compulsory education in rural areas, the new rural cooperative medical care, rural public infrastructure, cultural services and other specific measures have been rolled out building. But these still can not slow down our growing urban-rural gap, China＇ s economic and social development is still running under the urban and rural pattern, and the trend has increased.展开更多
Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countri...Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countries of the world.This article calculates ARDI of 40 countries from 1980 to 2004.The result shows that ARDI in the developed countries and most of the middle-income countries are rising and yet there are declines in most of the low-income countries.The result also showed that most countries' ARDI will see a decline at the earlier stage of industrialization,so their dual economic structure will also aggravate and urban-rural gap will widen.With the economic development,the tendency will change and ARDI presents a U-shape change overall.The turning point is when a country becomes a middle-income one.展开更多
Nowadays, increasing farmers＇ income is not only related to the development of rural economy, the improvement of farmers＇ lives and countryside stability but also related to the overall situation of economy and soci...Nowadays, increasing farmers＇ income is not only related to the development of rural economy, the improvement of farmers＇ lives and countryside stability but also related to the overall situation of economy and social development. Heilongjiang is a big agricultural province, however, the increase of farmers＇ per capital net income is rather slow in the last few years. On the basis of Lewis dual economic structure theory and our province＇s actual situation, the paper proposed the concrete countermeasures to increase farmers＇ income, so as to promote the development of economy.展开更多
Concurrent with the interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve(Fed) at the beginning of 2022, the Japanese yen entered a fast track to depreciation. Since November 2022, however, as the Fed slowed its tightening pace a...Concurrent with the interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve(Fed) at the beginning of 2022, the Japanese yen entered a fast track to depreciation. Since November 2022, however, as the Fed slowed its tightening pace and as the Bank of Japan(BoJ)tweaked its monetary policy, the yen has regained some of the ground it lost. Overall, the yen has been characterized by strong volatility. The primary factor driving the fluctuations of the yen in the short term is the widening United States–Japan interest rate differential. From a mid-to-long-term perspective, the underlying reason behind the exchange rate movements of the yen is the BoJ’s monetary policy and the Japanese economy’s structural changes.The fluctuations of the yen are a mixed blessing for the Japanese economy;in the long run, however, they will do more harm than good. As for the world economy, turbulent yen fluctuations may trigger a fresh round of currency competition and disrupt the financial markets. Looking ahead, for long-term healthy economic development, Japan needs to cut down on its exchange rate dependence and restructure and upgrade its economy.展开更多
Economic structure is a significant factor impacting economic growth and economic growth quality. In this paper, the present status of economic structure of Shaanxi Province is analyzed, and available primal problem i...Economic structure is a significant factor impacting economic growth and economic growth quality. In this paper, the present status of economic structure of Shaanxi Province is analyzed, and available primal problem is indicated. There have been a lot of problems in economic structure of Shaanxi Province, mainly including slow tertiary industry development, comparatively grave unbalance of light and heavy industries proportion, lagged development in high and new technology industries, high industry convergence degree, low scale effect, slow agriculture expanding and so on. Meanwhile, homologous countermeasure is given in this text： we should develop tertiary industry with tourism as the leading role energetically to promote industrial hierarchy, impulse structural rationalization of foreign trade through international cooperation and competition, accelerate the industrialization, promote industrial structure upgrade, develop the high and new technology industries quickly, accelerate the promotion of industry scale effect and expedite expansion of industry colony. We should also develop superior industry, reduce industry convergence degree, and develop the agriculture energetically to promote the industrialization and modernization of agriculture. These points are given in the interest of supplying gist and reference to government in industrial structure adjusting and policy making.展开更多
This paper aims at studying the dynamic mechanism of urban expansion and its role. Based on the economic model of urban spatial structure and applying panel data in Shandong Province, the paper concludes. Economic gro...This paper aims at studying the dynamic mechanism of urban expansion and its role. Based on the economic model of urban spatial structure and applying panel data in Shandong Province, the paper concludes. Economic growth and transition of economic structure have played the most powerful role in urban expansion. An increase in population helps the core to extend. Increasing agricultural productivity can provide a countervailing force. An increase in transportation costs will limit urban expan- sion. An increase in the marginal productivity of land in housing production will increase urban expansion. Fiscal and taxation policies also have encouraged the extensive shift of cultivated land into build-up area. This paper also suggests that if high rate increasing GDP is needed, the urban core will continue to expand. The government should take measures to improve the rapid growth of the city.展开更多
On the basis of research conducted by Long and Plosser(1983),this paper carries out an in-depth analysis on the relationship between real interest rates,real wage,and macro-economy and economic structure by simulating...On the basis of research conducted by Long and Plosser(1983),this paper carries out an in-depth analysis on the relationship between real interest rates,real wage,and macro-economy and economic structure by simulating a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model and comes to the following conclusions:(1) Increasing the level of real interest rates will expand the share of consumption in GDP,improve the macroeconomic structure,and promote steady economic development;(2) Increasing the level of real wages will enhance economic growth but will not change the economic structure of consumption and investments;(3) Increasing wages will enhance economic growth and expand its share in national income;(4) Increasing wages will not lower output level but will be favorable to the improvement of economic structure.Therefore,this paper argues for interest rates liberalization to achieve long-term,steady economic development in China.展开更多
This paper elaborates the changes in key aspects of China's economic structure including industrial structure, demand structure, regional structure, income distribution and foreign trade, discusses the challenges ...This paper elaborates the changes in key aspects of China's economic structure including industrial structure, demand structure, regional structure, income distribution and foreign trade, discusses the challenges confronting China's economic structure, and proposes policy recommendations on addressing these challenges.展开更多
Regional economic vitality reflects the scale and development potential of a region’s economy.It largely determines the development of the city,and is also affected by many factors such as population competitiveness,...Regional economic vitality reflects the scale and development potential of a region’s economy.It largely determines the development of the city,and is also affected by many factors such as population competitiveness,corporate competitiveness,market vitality,innovation vitality,and environmental vitality.A pilot model was constructed with Hebei Province as the inspection area.Quantitative measurement of regional economic vitality was made by finding 21 indicators that indirectly or indirectly affect the economic vitality of Hebei Province.By analyzing the data of 21 indicators for nearly 10 years,the time series clustering is used to achieve the dimensionality reduction of the indicators.After the dimension reduction,it is divided into four categories:overall scale,development potential,market vitality,and innovation vitality.Construct the economic vitality structure model of Hebei Province,and determine the four types of contribution to economic vitality and compare them.On this basis,more accurately grasp the indicators that affect economic vitality and work out reasonable and effective action plans.From the perspective of human resources and corporate vitality,analyze how the action plan accurately affects the economic vitality of Hebei Province[1].The 11 cities in Hebei Province are the target of regional economic vitality.The economic vitality structure model constructed uses the required contribution value to select priority indicators.Finally,the six indicators of GPD,GPD growth rate,fiscal revenue,fiscal revenue growth rate,number of industrial enterprises above designated size,and total profit of industrial enterprises above designated size were established for eleven cities in Hebei Province to construct a TOPSIS scoring model,and calculation rankings were conducted through MATLAB.Results The top three cities were Shijiazhuang,Tangshan and Cangzhou.展开更多
In recent years, China's economic level has been continuously improving, and the country has also attached more and more importance to the transformation and development of economic structure. Under the background...In recent years, China's economic level has been continuously improving, and the country has also attached more and more importance to the transformation and development of economic structure. Under the background of this era, the society has got better development, but the market of each industry has reached saturation state, and each enterprise is facing development opportunities and challenges. Therefore, in order to realize the deepening development of the enterprise and keep a stable foothold in the fierce market competition, the relevant person in charge of the enterprise must make adjustments to the industrial and commercial management work and the specific management mode, so as to ensure the smooth development of each work and the stable development of the enterprise.展开更多
At present, profound changes are evolving rapidly in the world, the scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are deepening, and major-power rivalry in the field of science and technology(S...At present, profound changes are evolving rapidly in the world, the scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are deepening, and major-power rivalry in the field of science and technology(S&T) is becoming increasingly fierce. The Chinese economy is in a critical period of shifting the core growth model, optimizing the economic structure and transforming the growth drivers. This has raised an unprecedented strong demand for self-reliance and self-improvement in S&T.展开更多
Over the past two decades, structural decomposition analysis (SDA) has developed into a major analytical tool in the field of input-output (IO) techniques, but the method was found to suffer from one or more of the fo...Over the past two decades, structural decomposition analysis (SDA) has developed into a major analytical tool in the field of input-output (IO) techniques, but the method was found to suffer from one or more of the following problems. The decomposition forms, which are used to measure the contribution of a specific determinant, are not unique due to the existence of a multitude of equivalent forms, irrational due to the weights of different determinants not matching, inexact due to the existence of large interaction terms.In this paper, a decomposition method is derived to overcome these deficiencies, and we prove that the result of this approach is equal to the Shapley value in cooperative games,and so some properties of the method are obtained. Beyond that, the two approaches that have been used predominantly in the literature have been proved to be the approximate solutions of the method.展开更多
As a world-renowned international trade corridor,the historical impact andeconomic value of the Tea Road did not garner significant scholarly attention untilthe early 20th century.More notably,its profound cultural im...As a world-renowned international trade corridor,the historical impact andeconomic value of the Tea Road did not garner significant scholarly attention untilthe early 20th century.More notably,its profound cultural implications longremained understudied.For the ancient Mongolian regions,1 the critical intermediarylinking Sino-Russian tea trade,the Tea Road's influence permeated both economicand cultural domains,specifically including commerce,monetary,urbanizationBuddhist practices,linguistic exchanges,and popular entertainment.In thecontemporary context,the Tea Road is poised for revitalization.展开更多
This year,China will conclude the implementation of its 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-25).First initiated in 1953,the plans are a key tool for achieving cohesiveness and continuity between China's short-,medium-and lon...This year,China will conclude the implementation of its 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-25).First initiated in 1953,the plans are a key tool for achieving cohesiveness and continuity between China's short-,medium-and long-term goals for economic and social development.The current plan has focused on improving China's economic structure,becoming more open,transitioning to greener and higher-quality development drivers,and reducing the divide between rural and urban areas.展开更多
文摘The structural adjustment of China＇s economy requires the support of economic theories dedicated to structural issues. But new structural economics （NSE） is significantly different from old structural economics （OSE） in terms of development strategies and policies. They expound on the paths of industrial structure improvement and steady economic growth for developing countries from two different perspectives, comparative advantage and first-mover advantage, which result in a toss-up. From the clashing theories and observations of the true state of Chinese economy, we can see that the core features of China＇s current economic structure are a cumulative result of the insufficient ＂complementary＂ and ＂inducing＂ roles of government investment, which requires the introduction of certain investment models to design an effective structural adjustment plan. From the perspective of investment priority, scope （public service or production）, motives, capacity and decision-making and multi-sectoral coordination, this paper analyzes the key connections between NSE and OSE and strives to design an appropriate and accurate investment plan from the perspective of stability, flexibility and under- pinning in the hope of resolving the issues facing the structural adjustment of the Chinese economy. The first step is to identify investment priorities and enable the market to play the decisive role and the government the guiding role. The second step is to identify crucial nodes and adapt investments to trends of the new industrial revolution. The third step is to focus on the resolution of livelihood issues to steer China out of the low-income trap and clear of the middle-income trap. Not only do investment variables have to become an instrument to continuously improve Chi- na＇s factor endowment structure, but also investment as a mechanism underpinning development has to be adopted throughout the entire duration of the process of reform to fulfill the goal of structural adjustment pursued by both NSE and OSE.
文摘A regional multiple objective water resource and economic optimization model was developed using a quantitative method of systematic analysis. Input to the model includes indexes of economic structure and development, water resource utilization, wastewater and pollutant discharge, and investment in wastewater treatment. The model, which consists of production structure and industrial structure optimization modules, was applied to the Guanzhong region in the middle reaches of the Huanghe (Yellow) River basin in China. By evaluating several alternative production and industrialization schemes, the modal indicate that water pollution will get worsen though wastewater treatment improves if the economy continues to develop at the planned speed without structural adjustment. However, the results also show that not only economic goals but also water resource protection and pollution control targets can be achieved under an alternative, recommended production and industrial structure. This example illustrates that economic development and environmental protection can be improved coordinately by the regional multiple objective water resource and economic optimization model. It provides an operable approach to the simultaneous sustained development of water resources and economic growth.
文摘Supply-side structural reforms are structural adjustments and institutional reforms to address the mismatch between supply and demand and improve TFP. The mismatch is exhibited at the supply side and arises from structural contradictions and must be addressed through reforms. Supply-side structural reforms can be analyzed at the levels of firms, industries and government to arrive at theoretical and systematic conclusions that offer practical guidance. Based on this perspective, this paper proposes policy recommendations on how to deal with zombie firms, reduce cost for manufacturing companies, deepen SOE reforms, eliminate overcapacity, implement ＂Made in China 2025＂ and Internet＋ strategies, promote Beijing-l^anjin-Hebei integrated development, as well as develop the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the old industrial bases of the northeast.
文摘County economies form a distinctive,integrated regional economic structure.Their growth is shaped by specific social and historical conditions,and it influences many aspects of wider economic and social development.In China’s modernisation process,they have always played a vital role.The 2024 Central Economic Work Conference placed strong emphasis on vigorously developing county economies.
基金Under the auspices of Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KCZX2-307-01)
文摘Land, as a key factor of production, is an appropriate indicator of national and regional economic structure transformation. Land use in the Changjiang （Yangtze） River Basin （CRB） since the 1950s has experienced these changes. Industrialization has been the most powerful force of the change in the regional development of the CRB. Virtually all regional resources were put into this effort to modernize the industrial production and urban construction systems of the CRB whose industrialization and urbanization has been a success story, with impressive structural change in both production and land use. These changes are evident ih modem urban areas, but even more in traditionally rural areas. The regression analysis of regional development in the CRB over an extended period shows that the dominant factor in regional land use change is widespread industrialization in rural areas rather than the expansion of urban area. Thus, urbanization has had a limited influence on land use change in the CRB. A major task in realizing more sustainable land use in the future development of CRB is to relocate industrial activities from rural to urban areas.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41530751,No.41471113,No.41601165
文摘The use of multi-perspective and multi-scalar city networks has gradually developed into a range of critical approaches to understand spatial interactions and linkages. In particular, road linkages represent key characteristics of spatial dependence and distance decay, and are of great significance in depicting spatial relationships at the regional scale. Therefore, based on highway passenger flow data between prefecture-level administrative units, this paper attempted to identify the functional structures and regional impacts of city networks in China, and to further explore the spatial organization patterns of the existing functional regions, aiming to deepen our understanding of city network structures and to provide new cognitive perspectives for ongoing research. The research results lead to four key conclusions. First, city networks that are based on highway flows exhibit strong spatial dependence and hierarchical characteristics, to a large extent spatially coupled with the distributions of major megaregions in China. These phenomena are a reflection of spatial relationships at regional scales as well as core-periphery structure. Second, 19 communities that belong to an important type of spatial configuration are identified through community detection algorithm, and we suggest they are correspondingly urban economic regions within urban China. Their spatial metaphors include the administrative region economy, spatial spillover effects of megaregions, and core-periphery structure. Third, each community possesses a specific city network system and exhibits strong spatial dependence and various spatial organization patterns. Regional patterns have emerged as the result of multi-level, dynamic, and networked characteristics. Fourth, adopting a morphology-based perspective, the regional city network systems can be basically divided into monocentric, dual-nuclei, polycentric, and low-level equilibration spatial structures, while most are developing monocentrically.
文摘China＇ s urban and rural economic and social structures are persisted, perfectly shaped, very typical. Since the new century, the Chinese government began to adjust serious distorted urban-rural relations. New rural construction, total abolition of agricultural tax, the construction of modern agriculture and other major strategic decisions have been introduced; free compulsory education in rural areas, the new rural cooperative medical care, rural public infrastructure, cultural services and other specific measures have been rolled out building. But these still can not slow down our growing urban-rural gap, China＇ s economic and social development is still running under the urban and rural pattern, and the trend has increased.
基金Under the auspices of the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 40635029)
文摘Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countries of the world.This article calculates ARDI of 40 countries from 1980 to 2004.The result shows that ARDI in the developed countries and most of the middle-income countries are rising and yet there are declines in most of the low-income countries.The result also showed that most countries' ARDI will see a decline at the earlier stage of industrialization,so their dual economic structure will also aggravate and urban-rural gap will widen.With the economic development,the tendency will change and ARDI presents a U-shape change overall.The turning point is when a country becomes a middle-income one.
文摘Nowadays, increasing farmers＇ income is not only related to the development of rural economy, the improvement of farmers＇ lives and countryside stability but also related to the overall situation of economy and social development. Heilongjiang is a big agricultural province, however, the increase of farmers＇ per capital net income is rather slow in the last few years. On the basis of Lewis dual economic structure theory and our province＇s actual situation, the paper proposed the concrete countermeasures to increase farmers＇ income, so as to promote the development of economy.
文摘Concurrent with the interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve(Fed) at the beginning of 2022, the Japanese yen entered a fast track to depreciation. Since November 2022, however, as the Fed slowed its tightening pace and as the Bank of Japan(BoJ)tweaked its monetary policy, the yen has regained some of the ground it lost. Overall, the yen has been characterized by strong volatility. The primary factor driving the fluctuations of the yen in the short term is the widening United States–Japan interest rate differential. From a mid-to-long-term perspective, the underlying reason behind the exchange rate movements of the yen is the BoJ’s monetary policy and the Japanese economy’s structural changes.The fluctuations of the yen are a mixed blessing for the Japanese economy;in the long run, however, they will do more harm than good. As for the world economy, turbulent yen fluctuations may trigger a fresh round of currency competition and disrupt the financial markets. Looking ahead, for long-term healthy economic development, Japan needs to cut down on its exchange rate dependence and restructure and upgrade its economy.
文摘Economic structure is a significant factor impacting economic growth and economic growth quality. In this paper, the present status of economic structure of Shaanxi Province is analyzed, and available primal problem is indicated. There have been a lot of problems in economic structure of Shaanxi Province, mainly including slow tertiary industry development, comparatively grave unbalance of light and heavy industries proportion, lagged development in high and new technology industries, high industry convergence degree, low scale effect, slow agriculture expanding and so on. Meanwhile, homologous countermeasure is given in this text： we should develop tertiary industry with tourism as the leading role energetically to promote industrial hierarchy, impulse structural rationalization of foreign trade through international cooperation and competition, accelerate the industrialization, promote industrial structure upgrade, develop the high and new technology industries quickly, accelerate the promotion of industry scale effect and expedite expansion of industry colony. We should also develop superior industry, reduce industry convergence degree, and develop the agriculture energetically to promote the industrialization and modernization of agriculture. These points are given in the interest of supplying gist and reference to government in industrial structure adjusting and policy making.
文摘This paper aims at studying the dynamic mechanism of urban expansion and its role. Based on the economic model of urban spatial structure and applying panel data in Shandong Province, the paper concludes. Economic growth and transition of economic structure have played the most powerful role in urban expansion. An increase in population helps the core to extend. Increasing agricultural productivity can provide a countervailing force. An increase in transportation costs will limit urban expan- sion. An increase in the marginal productivity of land in housing production will increase urban expansion. Fiscal and taxation policies also have encouraged the extensive shift of cultivated land into build-up area. This paper also suggests that if high rate increasing GDP is needed, the urban core will continue to expand. The government should take measures to improve the rapid growth of the city.
文摘On the basis of research conducted by Long and Plosser(1983),this paper carries out an in-depth analysis on the relationship between real interest rates,real wage,and macro-economy and economic structure by simulating a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium(DSGE) model and comes to the following conclusions:(1) Increasing the level of real interest rates will expand the share of consumption in GDP,improve the macroeconomic structure,and promote steady economic development;(2) Increasing the level of real wages will enhance economic growth but will not change the economic structure of consumption and investments;(3) Increasing wages will enhance economic growth and expand its share in national income;(4) Increasing wages will not lower output level but will be favorable to the improvement of economic structure.Therefore,this paper argues for interest rates liberalization to achieve long-term,steady economic development in China.
文摘This paper elaborates the changes in key aspects of China's economic structure including industrial structure, demand structure, regional structure, income distribution and foreign trade, discusses the challenges confronting China's economic structure, and proposes policy recommendations on addressing these challenges.
文摘Regional economic vitality reflects the scale and development potential of a region’s economy.It largely determines the development of the city,and is also affected by many factors such as population competitiveness,corporate competitiveness,market vitality,innovation vitality,and environmental vitality.A pilot model was constructed with Hebei Province as the inspection area.Quantitative measurement of regional economic vitality was made by finding 21 indicators that indirectly or indirectly affect the economic vitality of Hebei Province.By analyzing the data of 21 indicators for nearly 10 years,the time series clustering is used to achieve the dimensionality reduction of the indicators.After the dimension reduction,it is divided into four categories:overall scale,development potential,market vitality,and innovation vitality.Construct the economic vitality structure model of Hebei Province,and determine the four types of contribution to economic vitality and compare them.On this basis,more accurately grasp the indicators that affect economic vitality and work out reasonable and effective action plans.From the perspective of human resources and corporate vitality,analyze how the action plan accurately affects the economic vitality of Hebei Province[1].The 11 cities in Hebei Province are the target of regional economic vitality.The economic vitality structure model constructed uses the required contribution value to select priority indicators.Finally,the six indicators of GPD,GPD growth rate,fiscal revenue,fiscal revenue growth rate,number of industrial enterprises above designated size,and total profit of industrial enterprises above designated size were established for eleven cities in Hebei Province to construct a TOPSIS scoring model,and calculation rankings were conducted through MATLAB.Results The top three cities were Shijiazhuang,Tangshan and Cangzhou.
文摘In recent years, China's economic level has been continuously improving, and the country has also attached more and more importance to the transformation and development of economic structure. Under the background of this era, the society has got better development, but the market of each industry has reached saturation state, and each enterprise is facing development opportunities and challenges. Therefore, in order to realize the deepening development of the enterprise and keep a stable foothold in the fierce market competition, the relevant person in charge of the enterprise must make adjustments to the industrial and commercial management work and the specific management mode, so as to ensure the smooth development of each work and the stable development of the enterprise.
文摘At present, profound changes are evolving rapidly in the world, the scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are deepening, and major-power rivalry in the field of science and technology(S&T) is becoming increasingly fierce. The Chinese economy is in a critical period of shifting the core growth model, optimizing the economic structure and transforming the growth drivers. This has raised an unprecedented strong demand for self-reliance and self-improvement in S&T.
基金This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 70131002).
文摘Over the past two decades, structural decomposition analysis (SDA) has developed into a major analytical tool in the field of input-output (IO) techniques, but the method was found to suffer from one or more of the following problems. The decomposition forms, which are used to measure the contribution of a specific determinant, are not unique due to the existence of a multitude of equivalent forms, irrational due to the weights of different determinants not matching, inexact due to the existence of large interaction terms.In this paper, a decomposition method is derived to overcome these deficiencies, and we prove that the result of this approach is equal to the Shapley value in cooperative games,and so some properties of the method are obtained. Beyond that, the two approaches that have been used predominantly in the literature have been proved to be the approximate solutions of the method.
文摘As a world-renowned international trade corridor,the historical impact andeconomic value of the Tea Road did not garner significant scholarly attention untilthe early 20th century.More notably,its profound cultural implications longremained understudied.For the ancient Mongolian regions,1 the critical intermediarylinking Sino-Russian tea trade,the Tea Road's influence permeated both economicand cultural domains,specifically including commerce,monetary,urbanizationBuddhist practices,linguistic exchanges,and popular entertainment.In thecontemporary context,the Tea Road is poised for revitalization.
文摘This year,China will conclude the implementation of its 14th Five-Year Plan(2021-25).First initiated in 1953,the plans are a key tool for achieving cohesiveness and continuity between China's short-,medium-and long-term goals for economic and social development.The current plan has focused on improving China's economic structure,becoming more open,transitioning to greener and higher-quality development drivers,and reducing the divide between rural and urban areas.
