Abstract:Graphene-Based separation membranes hold promise for water treatment.However,their practical deployment in high-salinity brines remains challenging due to structural instability.Herein,a defect-free Na^(+)-Cu...Abstract:Graphene-Based separation membranes hold promise for water treatment.However,their practical deployment in high-salinity brines remains challenging due to structural instability.Herein,a defect-free Na^(+)-Cu^(2+)/GO-PEI nanocomposite membrane was fabricated via a pH-controlled cross-linking polymerization strategy.Polyethyleneimine(PEI)serves as a critical interfacial stabilizer,enhancing the connection between the Na^(+)-GO and Cu^(2+)-GO layers through amide bond formation with GO nanosheets while facilitating Cu^(2+)chelation.The Na^(+)/GO layer modifies the pore structure of the polyether sulfone(PES)substrate,synergistically optimizing the membrane’s microstructure.Performances evaluation revealed that the as-prepared membrane achieved exceptional separation efficiency(>98%)for tributyl phosphate,sulfonated kerosene,and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate in high-salinity brine,accompanied by a high flux of 160~224 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).Notably,it exhibited robust chemical stability in corrosive environment and maintained mechanical durability after 500 folding cycles coupled with consistent separation performances over 10 recycles.This study presents a novel multi-component modification approach for constructing high-performance GObased membrane,promising practical applications in organic pollutant removal from high salt solution.展开更多
Seawater desalination has been considered an important solution for water scarcity in coastal areas.Morocco,with its 3,500 km long coastline,has seen significant growth in population and industrial activities in recen...Seawater desalination has been considered an important solution for water scarcity in coastal areas.Morocco,with its 3,500 km long coastline,has seen significant growth in population and industrial activities in recent years.The dams that supply water to most regions of Morocco have faced periods of drought.This led the government to start a large-scale seawater desalination project that shall produce over 2 MM m^(3)/year.The most common environmental impact associated with desalination plants is the high concentration brine discharge which can alter the physical,chemical,and biological properties of the receiving water body,In fact,the increasing number of desalination plants along the coastline amplifies the potential risks that brine discharges pose to marine ecosystems.This highlights the critical need for regulations to manage pollutant concentrations in water,both at the discharge point(Effluent Standards-ES)and in the receiving environment(Ambient Standards-AS).Law 36-15,in its Article 72,grants any natural or legal person,whether public or private,the right to carry out seawater desalination to meet their own water needs or those of other users,in accordance with current legislation and regulations.However,the definition of regulations concerning marine environmental aspects and the substantial limits for discharges has not yet been specified.Indeed,these regulations will need to be developed with due consideration for the local biodiversity.These regulations should also take into account the technical criteria required to determine the compliance point and define the boundaries of the brine discharge impact zone.展开更多
In response to the rise of the energy storage industries such as new energy vehicles and the wide application of lithium in various fields worldwide,the global demand for lithium resources has been in explosive growth...In response to the rise of the energy storage industries such as new energy vehicles and the wide application of lithium in various fields worldwide,the global demand for lithium resources has been in explosive growth.In order to further comprehensively understand the global supply and demand pattern,development and utilization status,genesis of ore deposits and other characteristics of lithium resources,based on the achievements of many researchers at home and abroad,this paper systematically summarized the lithium supply and demand situation,resource endowment,deposit classification and distribution,typical geological characteristics,metallogenic factors and metallogenic regularity of terrestrial brine-type lithium deposits which are the main types of development and utilization all over the world.The review shows that brine-type lithium resource and(or)reserves in the plateau salt lakes are huge and play an important role.In addition,the mineralization potential of the underground brine-type lithium deposit is broad worldwide.The potential resources of underground brines are enormous,and the geothermal spring water type is also worthy of attention.Brine lithium deposits are mainly controlled by the subduction and collision of regional plate tectonics,arid climate and provenance conditions.Strengthening of the scientific research on underground brines in the future is expected to provide another significant support for the global demand for lithium resources.展开更多
Microplastics(MPs)are one of the most concerning pollutants that affects the health and growth of aquatic organisms.We characterized the MPs dispersion in the milli-Q water and seawater,and evaluated the effects of MP...Microplastics(MPs)are one of the most concerning pollutants that affects the health and growth of aquatic organisms.We characterized the MPs dispersion in the milli-Q water and seawater,and evaluated the effects of MPs on the gut epithelial cells of brine shrimp using three sizes of polystyrene(PS)microbeads(0.05,0.5,and 5μm,respectively).Results show that microbeads evenly dispersed in milli-Q water,but exhibited aggregation tendency in seawater associating with the particle size.Apart from a reduced survival rate,we observed the structure changes in the gut epithelium that the smaller size of PS microbeads resulted in an increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)and higher apoptosis-related genes expression.Moreover,exposure to all size of PS microbeads led to increased green fluorescence of J-monomer,indicating the declined mitochondrial membrane potential.Therefore,exposure to PS microbeads led to significantly size-dependent toxicity on brine shrimp.Especially,0.05-μm PS microbeads were more toxic,leading to severe oxidative stress and activation of the p53-Bax-Bcl2 pathway,ultimately resulting in cellular apoptosis and gut damage.These findings are important to understand the mechanism of MPs toxicity and its potential ecological risks to marine aquatic animals.展开更多
In this study,lithium carbonate(Li_(2)CO_(3))sourced from the Salar de Uyuni salt flat in Bolivia was used in the synthesis of cathode active material for Li-ion batteries.X-ray diffraction,atomic absorption spectrome...In this study,lithium carbonate(Li_(2)CO_(3))sourced from the Salar de Uyuni salt flat in Bolivia was used in the synthesis of cathode active material for Li-ion batteries.X-ray diffraction,atomic absorption spectrometry,and scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed that the material had a high phase purity(99.59%,battery-grade)and a suitable morphology for active material synthesis,comparable to a similar commercially obtained material.Li[Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Co_(1/3)]O_(2)(NMC111)was synthesized as a model system using Li_(2)CO_(3) as the precursor and evaluated in full,large-format pouch cells along with three-electrode cells,using commercially relevant active material fractions and mass loadings for meaningful assessment of electrochemical performance.展开更多
As shallow salt lake resources are increasingly exploited,deep confined brine has become a strategic alternative due to its widespread distribution and significant reserve potential.However,unfavorable reservoir chara...As shallow salt lake resources are increasingly exploited,deep confined brine has become a strategic alternative due to its widespread distribution and significant reserve potential.However,unfavorable reservoir characteristics,particularly low permeability and poor recovery efficiency,have historically rendered these deposits uneconomic,restricting their utilization.Taking the Mahai Salt Lake in the Qaidam Basin as a representative case,this study investigates the structural controls on brine enrichment through an integrated approach.Previous long-term metallogenic studies and exploration data indicate occurrences of an extensional fault zone favorable for brine accumulation.Therefore,we applied InSAR deformation analysis to assess coseismic and postseismic surface responses.Combined with radon-222 emanation mapping,our findings reveal a strong spatial correlation between high-productivity brine boreholes and active fault systems.The existence of active faults enhance brine migration and storage,provided that the target reservoirs have substantial halite thickness and maintain relatively low clay-silt content.展开更多
The residues of salt lake brine from which potassium had been removed were used to extract Rb＋ and Cs＋ together with a sulphonated kerosene（SK） solution of 1.0 mol/L 4-tert-butyl-2-（α-methylbenzyl） phenol（t-BA...The residues of salt lake brine from which potassium had been removed were used to extract Rb＋ and Cs＋ together with a sulphonated kerosene（SK） solution of 1.0 mol/L 4-tert-butyl-2-（α-methylbenzyl） phenol（t-BAMBP）. Rb＋ and Cs＋ were enriched and separated effectively by precipitating Mg2＋ before extraction and by scrubbing out K＋ and Na＋ repeatedly before stripping. The effects of the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous extraction phase（O/A）, alkalinity of aqueous phase（c（OH）-）, interference from K＋ and Mg2＋, and ratio the volume of organic phase to aqueous scrubbing phase（O/A′） were investigated. The experimental brine was extracted optimally by 5-stage extraction with 1.0 mol/L t-BAMBP in SK, c（OH-）=1 mol/L, and O/A=1：1. The scrubbing yield of rubidium was only about 10.5% when the extraction solvent was washed 3 times with 1×10-4 mol/L Na OH at O/A′=1：0.5. After 5-stage countercurrent extraction, the final extraction yields of Rb＋ and Cs＋ reached 95.04% and 99.80%, respectively.展开更多
Salt lake brine was reacted with activated aluminum-based alloys and lithium was precipitated.The effects of aluminum-based alloys on precipitating lithium were investigated and the reasonable alloy used to extract li...Salt lake brine was reacted with activated aluminum-based alloys and lithium was precipitated.The effects of aluminum-based alloys on precipitating lithium were investigated and the reasonable alloy used to extract lithium from brine was obtained.The effects of the mole ratio of Al to Li and Ca content of Al-Ca alloy,the initial concentration of lithiumion ion in solution,reaction temperature and reaction time on the adsorption rate of lithium were studied,and the optimized process parameters were determined.The results show that the mole ratio of Al to Li and Ca content of Al-Ca alloy and reaction temperature have great influences on the precipitation rate of lithium.The precipitation rate of lithium reaches 94.6% under the optimal condition,indicating that Al-Ca alloy is suitable for the extraction of lithium from salt lake brine.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to screen an Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene from the halophiles colonizing in the Dagong Ancient Brine Well in Zigong City, China, and then analyze the gene structure and properties of the prote...[Objective] This study aimed to screen an Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene from the halophiles colonizing in the Dagong Ancient Brine Well in Zigong City, China, and then analyze the gene structure and properties of the protein encoded by this gene. [Method] Metagenomic DNA libraries of halophiles from the Dagong Ancient Brine Well were used for screening genes with Na＋/H＋ antiporter activity in antiporter-defi- cient E. coil KNabc strain by functional complementation. Then the start codon, stop codon, ORF, -35 region, -10 region and SD sequence of Na~/H＋ antiporter gene, as well as the molecular weight, isoelectric point, hydrophobic region, transmembrane domain, phyletic evolution and salt resistance of protein encoded by the gene were investigated. [Result] A new Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene m-nha was obtained, which ,ren- dered the antiporter-negative mutant E. coil KNabc cells with both the resistance to Na＋ and the ability to grow under alkaline conditions. [Conclusion] The structure and amino acid sequence of M-Nha was different from the previously reported Na＋/H~ antiporters, and the m-nha gene disclosed from the Dagong Ancient Brine Well was identified as a novel Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene. This study was significant not only in helping us understand the salt tolerance of halophiles in ancient brine wells and develop and utilize the genes resource, but also in exploring new salt-tolerant genes.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effect of sea brine on the growth of Fusarium graminearum. [ Method] The inhibition rate of sea brine against F. gram/nearum was measured using mycelial growth rate method. The...[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effect of sea brine on the growth of Fusarium graminearum. [ Method] The inhibition rate of sea brine against F. gram/nearum was measured using mycelial growth rate method. The inhibition effect of sea brine against infection of F. gram/nearum on maize was measured through leaf culture method in vitro. [Result] With the decrease of sea brine concentration, its inhibition against F. gram/nearum had no remarkable regulation, which first decreased, then increased, and finally decreased. It had the best inhibition effect as the concentration was 0.005 0% with the inhibition rate of 31.2%. 0.050 0% sea brine had the best inhibition effect against the infection of F. graminearum with the inhibition rate of 44.3%. [ Conclusion] The results provided theoretical basis for the application of sea brine in the aspects of plant diseases and vests control展开更多
基金Special Research Assistant Program,China(2024000020)the Science and Technology Department of Qinghai Province,China(2024-ZJ-918)the“Kunlun Talents”Program of Qinghai(2024000075)。
文摘Abstract:Graphene-Based separation membranes hold promise for water treatment.However,their practical deployment in high-salinity brines remains challenging due to structural instability.Herein,a defect-free Na^(+)-Cu^(2+)/GO-PEI nanocomposite membrane was fabricated via a pH-controlled cross-linking polymerization strategy.Polyethyleneimine(PEI)serves as a critical interfacial stabilizer,enhancing the connection between the Na^(+)-GO and Cu^(2+)-GO layers through amide bond formation with GO nanosheets while facilitating Cu^(2+)chelation.The Na^(+)/GO layer modifies the pore structure of the polyether sulfone(PES)substrate,synergistically optimizing the membrane’s microstructure.Performances evaluation revealed that the as-prepared membrane achieved exceptional separation efficiency(>98%)for tributyl phosphate,sulfonated kerosene,and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate in high-salinity brine,accompanied by a high flux of 160~224 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).Notably,it exhibited robust chemical stability in corrosive environment and maintained mechanical durability after 500 folding cycles coupled with consistent separation performances over 10 recycles.This study presents a novel multi-component modification approach for constructing high-performance GObased membrane,promising practical applications in organic pollutant removal from high salt solution.
文摘Seawater desalination has been considered an important solution for water scarcity in coastal areas.Morocco,with its 3,500 km long coastline,has seen significant growth in population and industrial activities in recent years.The dams that supply water to most regions of Morocco have faced periods of drought.This led the government to start a large-scale seawater desalination project that shall produce over 2 MM m^(3)/year.The most common environmental impact associated with desalination plants is the high concentration brine discharge which can alter the physical,chemical,and biological properties of the receiving water body,In fact,the increasing number of desalination plants along the coastline amplifies the potential risks that brine discharges pose to marine ecosystems.This highlights the critical need for regulations to manage pollutant concentrations in water,both at the discharge point(Effluent Standards-ES)and in the receiving environment(Ambient Standards-AS).Law 36-15,in its Article 72,grants any natural or legal person,whether public or private,the right to carry out seawater desalination to meet their own water needs or those of other users,in accordance with current legislation and regulations.However,the definition of regulations concerning marine environmental aspects and the substantial limits for discharges has not yet been specified.Indeed,these regulations will need to be developed with due consideration for the local biodiversity.These regulations should also take into account the technical criteria required to determine the compliance point and define the boundaries of the brine discharge impact zone.
基金This study was jointly supported by Central Welfare Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses(KK2005,YYWF201607)the project of the industrial leading talant of Wuhan municipality of Hubei Province,the Editor of China Geology,Rui-qin Li,and many thanks for a nice review by anonymous reviewers.
文摘In response to the rise of the energy storage industries such as new energy vehicles and the wide application of lithium in various fields worldwide,the global demand for lithium resources has been in explosive growth.In order to further comprehensively understand the global supply and demand pattern,development and utilization status,genesis of ore deposits and other characteristics of lithium resources,based on the achievements of many researchers at home and abroad,this paper systematically summarized the lithium supply and demand situation,resource endowment,deposit classification and distribution,typical geological characteristics,metallogenic factors and metallogenic regularity of terrestrial brine-type lithium deposits which are the main types of development and utilization all over the world.The review shows that brine-type lithium resource and(or)reserves in the plateau salt lakes are huge and play an important role.In addition,the mineralization potential of the underground brine-type lithium deposit is broad worldwide.The potential resources of underground brines are enormous,and the geothermal spring water type is also worthy of attention.Brine lithium deposits are mainly controlled by the subduction and collision of regional plate tectonics,arid climate and provenance conditions.Strengthening of the scientific research on underground brines in the future is expected to provide another significant support for the global demand for lithium resources.
基金Supported by the Program of Sustainable Development and Protection of Artemia Resources in Yuncheng Salt Lake of China(No.YHYJ-2023005)。
文摘Microplastics(MPs)are one of the most concerning pollutants that affects the health and growth of aquatic organisms.We characterized the MPs dispersion in the milli-Q water and seawater,and evaluated the effects of MPs on the gut epithelial cells of brine shrimp using three sizes of polystyrene(PS)microbeads(0.05,0.5,and 5μm,respectively).Results show that microbeads evenly dispersed in milli-Q water,but exhibited aggregation tendency in seawater associating with the particle size.Apart from a reduced survival rate,we observed the structure changes in the gut epithelium that the smaller size of PS microbeads resulted in an increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)and higher apoptosis-related genes expression.Moreover,exposure to all size of PS microbeads led to increased green fluorescence of J-monomer,indicating the declined mitochondrial membrane potential.Therefore,exposure to PS microbeads led to significantly size-dependent toxicity on brine shrimp.Especially,0.05-μm PS microbeads were more toxic,leading to severe oxidative stress and activation of the p53-Bax-Bcl2 pathway,ultimately resulting in cellular apoptosis and gut damage.These findings are important to understand the mechanism of MPs toxicity and its potential ecological risks to marine aquatic animals.
文摘In this study,lithium carbonate(Li_(2)CO_(3))sourced from the Salar de Uyuni salt flat in Bolivia was used in the synthesis of cathode active material for Li-ion batteries.X-ray diffraction,atomic absorption spectrometry,and scanning electron microscopy analyses confirmed that the material had a high phase purity(99.59%,battery-grade)and a suitable morphology for active material synthesis,comparable to a similar commercially obtained material.Li[Ni_(1/3)Mn_(1/3)Co_(1/3)]O_(2)(NMC111)was synthesized as a model system using Li_(2)CO_(3) as the precursor and evaluated in full,large-format pouch cells along with three-electrode cells,using commercially relevant active material fractions and mass loadings for meaningful assessment of electrochemical performance.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program Projects(2023YFC2906502 and 2018YFC0604801)。
文摘As shallow salt lake resources are increasingly exploited,deep confined brine has become a strategic alternative due to its widespread distribution and significant reserve potential.However,unfavorable reservoir characteristics,particularly low permeability and poor recovery efficiency,have historically rendered these deposits uneconomic,restricting their utilization.Taking the Mahai Salt Lake in the Qaidam Basin as a representative case,this study investigates the structural controls on brine enrichment through an integrated approach.Previous long-term metallogenic studies and exploration data indicate occurrences of an extensional fault zone favorable for brine accumulation.Therefore,we applied InSAR deformation analysis to assess coseismic and postseismic surface responses.Combined with radon-222 emanation mapping,our findings reveal a strong spatial correlation between high-productivity brine boreholes and active fault systems.The existence of active faults enhance brine migration and storage,provided that the target reservoirs have substantial halite thickness and maintain relatively low clay-silt content.
基金Project(20606008)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11070210)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘The residues of salt lake brine from which potassium had been removed were used to extract Rb＋ and Cs＋ together with a sulphonated kerosene（SK） solution of 1.0 mol/L 4-tert-butyl-2-（α-methylbenzyl） phenol（t-BAMBP）. Rb＋ and Cs＋ were enriched and separated effectively by precipitating Mg2＋ before extraction and by scrubbing out K＋ and Na＋ repeatedly before stripping. The effects of the volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous extraction phase（O/A）, alkalinity of aqueous phase（c（OH）-）, interference from K＋ and Mg2＋, and ratio the volume of organic phase to aqueous scrubbing phase（O/A′） were investigated. The experimental brine was extracted optimally by 5-stage extraction with 1.0 mol/L t-BAMBP in SK, c（OH-）=1 mol/L, and O/A=1：1. The scrubbing yield of rubidium was only about 10.5% when the extraction solvent was washed 3 times with 1×10-4 mol/L Na OH at O/A′=1：0.5. After 5-stage countercurrent extraction, the final extraction yields of Rb＋ and Cs＋ reached 95.04% and 99.80%, respectively.
基金Project(U1407137)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Salt lake brine was reacted with activated aluminum-based alloys and lithium was precipitated.The effects of aluminum-based alloys on precipitating lithium were investigated and the reasonable alloy used to extract lithium from brine was obtained.The effects of the mole ratio of Al to Li and Ca content of Al-Ca alloy,the initial concentration of lithiumion ion in solution,reaction temperature and reaction time on the adsorption rate of lithium were studied,and the optimized process parameters were determined.The results show that the mole ratio of Al to Li and Ca content of Al-Ca alloy and reaction temperature have great influences on the precipitation rate of lithium.The precipitation rate of lithium reaches 94.6% under the optimal condition,indicating that Al-Ca alloy is suitable for the extraction of lithium from salt lake brine.
基金Supported by Chunhui Plan of Ministry of Education(Z2010101)Open Fund of Food Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province(SZJJ2009-014)Scientific Research Foundation of Xihua University(000022)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to screen an Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene from the halophiles colonizing in the Dagong Ancient Brine Well in Zigong City, China, and then analyze the gene structure and properties of the protein encoded by this gene. [Method] Metagenomic DNA libraries of halophiles from the Dagong Ancient Brine Well were used for screening genes with Na＋/H＋ antiporter activity in antiporter-defi- cient E. coil KNabc strain by functional complementation. Then the start codon, stop codon, ORF, -35 region, -10 region and SD sequence of Na~/H＋ antiporter gene, as well as the molecular weight, isoelectric point, hydrophobic region, transmembrane domain, phyletic evolution and salt resistance of protein encoded by the gene were investigated. [Result] A new Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene m-nha was obtained, which ,ren- dered the antiporter-negative mutant E. coil KNabc cells with both the resistance to Na＋ and the ability to grow under alkaline conditions. [Conclusion] The structure and amino acid sequence of M-Nha was different from the previously reported Na＋/H~ antiporters, and the m-nha gene disclosed from the Dagong Ancient Brine Well was identified as a novel Na＋/H＋ antiporter gene. This study was significant not only in helping us understand the salt tolerance of halophiles in ancient brine wells and develop and utilize the genes resource, but also in exploring new salt-tolerant genes.
基金Supported by Key Projects in Social Development Field of Guangdong Province,Science and Technology Department of Guangdong Province "Green Using Technology of Waste Brine"(A2009011-007(c))~~
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to study the effect of sea brine on the growth of Fusarium graminearum. [ Method] The inhibition rate of sea brine against F. gram/nearum was measured using mycelial growth rate method. The inhibition effect of sea brine against infection of F. gram/nearum on maize was measured through leaf culture method in vitro. [Result] With the decrease of sea brine concentration, its inhibition against F. gram/nearum had no remarkable regulation, which first decreased, then increased, and finally decreased. It had the best inhibition effect as the concentration was 0.005 0% with the inhibition rate of 31.2%. 0.050 0% sea brine had the best inhibition effect against the infection of F. graminearum with the inhibition rate of 44.3%. [ Conclusion] The results provided theoretical basis for the application of sea brine in the aspects of plant diseases and vests control
