Malolactic fermentation,started by lactic acid bacteria,plays a crucial role in the production of high-quality wines.As global warming increases the ethanol content in wines,the success of malolactic fermentation depe...Malolactic fermentation,started by lactic acid bacteria,plays a crucial role in the production of high-quality wines.As global warming increases the ethanol content in wines,the success of malolactic fermentation depends on selecting ethanol-tolerant strains,especially for wines from increasingly warm climates.Lentilactobacillus hilgardii Q19 was isolated and characterized as an indigenous malolactic bacterium with higher ethanol tolerance properties.In this study,it was indicated that ethanol stress had significant effects on ATPase activity,antioxidant system,and cell membrane of L.hilgardii Q19 by measuring the physiological indicators under stress which include H^(+)-ATPase,Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase,Ca^(2+)/Mg^(2+)-ATPase activity,glutathione content,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)content.The main metabolic pathways involved in ethanol stress such as ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters,pentose phosphate pathway,phosphotransferase system,glutathione metabolic pathway and two-component systems were screened by transcriptome sequencing analysis.The functions of the pentose phosphate pathway,pyruvate metabolic pathway and glycerolipid metabolism under ethanol stress were verified by constructing the L.hilgardii Q19 ethanol stress related key genes gnt K,pyk,and glp K overexpression vectors.The above findings may contribute to our understanding of the metabolic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of L.hilgardii Q19 in response to ethanol stress.展开更多
Rice yield is heavily reliant on the number of spikelets per panicle,a factor determined by the processes of spikelet differentiation and degeneration.In rice cultivars with large panicles,spikelet degeneration negate...Rice yield is heavily reliant on the number of spikelets per panicle,a factor determined by the processes of spikelet differentiation and degeneration.In rice cultivars with large panicles,spikelet degeneration negates the advantages of large panicle and constrains yield potential.Environmental stress-induced metabolic disorders in plants aggravate spikelet degeneration,with the sensitive period for this process commencing approximately 15‒20 d before panicle heading.Notable positional variations occur within the panicle,with significantly higher spikelet degeneration rates at the basal than at the upper positions.An imbalance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism represents the primary physiological basis for aggravated spikelet degeneration under abiotic stress.Impaired carbon and nitrogen metabolism leads to disordered energy metabolism and disrupted respiratory electron transport,which accelerates the apoptosis of young spikelets through excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation.Sucrose serves as the main carbohydrate source for spikelet development,demonstrating an apical dominance pattern that favors spikelet formation.However,under abiotic stress,the inhibition of sucrose decomposition,rather than sucrose transport impairment,predominantly contributes to aggravated spikelet degeneration at the basal panicle positions.Brassinolide and auxin have a significant relationship with spikelet formation,potentially mediating apical dominance.Specifically,brassinolide enhances sucrose accumulation and utilization,thereby alleviating spikelet degeneration.At present,the mechanisms underlying rice spikelet degeneration have not been fully revealed,and the joint effects of hormones,carbohydrates,and carbon and nitrogen metabolism on this process require further investigation.To reduce the spikelet degeneration,the strategic application of water and fertilizer to establish a stable rice population can enhance the rice plants’resilience to abiotic stress.An effective approach to reducing spikelet degeneration is to increase the dry matter occupancy of each spikelet during the panicle initiation period.展开更多
BACKGROUND Although the 2021 Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery(ERAS)provide recommendations for ERAS in gastrointestinal surgery,the clinical application of standard ERAS nursing...BACKGROUND Although the 2021 Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery(ERAS)provide recommendations for ERAS in gastrointestinal surgery,the clinical application of standard ERAS nursing models is challenging due to the variety of diseases involved in gastrointestinal surgery and the com-plex factors contributing to patient stress responses.Moreover,stress responses are more severe in older adult patients.Therefore,precision medicine is required to improve the quality of nursing care and promote postoperative recovery in gastrointestinal surgery.and demonstrate nursing benefits through clinical practice.METHODS This randomized clinical trial first established an evidence-based nursing ERAS protocol in older adult patients based on literature related to perioperative nursing measures for gastrointestinal surgery stress response.Next,392 older adult patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery and were admitted to our hospital between December 2021 and June 2023 were categorized into two groups to receive evidence-based(study group)or conventional(control group)ERAS nursing models,respectively.Intraoperative physiological parameters during surgery and postoperative recovery indicators were compared between the groups.RESULTS Among 64 domestic and international studies,the stress responses of older adult patients mainly included emotional anxiety,sleep disorders,gastrointestinal discomfort,physical weakness,pain,and swelling.The appropriate nursing interventions included comprehensive psychological counseling,pre-and postoperative nutritional support,temperature control,pain management,and rehabilitation training.Compared with the control group,the study group showed lower heart rate,mean arterial pressure,blood glucose level,and adrenaline level;shorter duration of drainage tube placement,time to first flatus,time to first ambulation,and postoperative hospital stay;lower anxiety scores on postoperative day 3;and lower incidences of postoperative infection,obstruction,poor wound healing,and gastrointestinal reactions were lower in the study group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The evidence-based nursing measures targeting stress responses based on the conventional ERAS nursing model resulted in stable intraoperative physiological parameters during surgery,promoted postoperative recovery,and reduced the incidence of complications.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to study the effect of low temperature stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Podocarpus nagi. [Method] Through the determination of physiological indices such as plasma m...[Objective] The paper was to study the effect of low temperature stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Podocarpus nagi. [Method] Through the determination of physiological indices such as plasma membrane permeability, free proline content, soluble sugar content, malondialdehyde （MDA） content and chlorophyll content, the change law of these indices of P. nagi seedlings under natural conditions and artificially controlled low temperature conditions within the continuous 5 d was studied. [Result] The soluble sugar content, free proline content, MDA content and plasma membrane permeability of P. nagi seedlings were slightly in- creased compared with control; the chlorophyll content gradually decreased with the prolongation of low temperature stress. P. nagi seedlings produced active response to low temperature stress, so the low temperature injury P. nagi seedlings suffered was reduced. [Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for winter management in P. nagi cultivation in Hanjiang plain area.展开更多
The paper was to study the change trend of the physiological indexes in plants of Malvaceae under normal and low temperature condition.The result showed that the increase extent of electrical conductivity of plants wi...The paper was to study the change trend of the physiological indexes in plants of Malvaceae under normal and low temperature condition.The result showed that the increase extent of electrical conductivity of plants with cold tolerance in Malvaceae was significantly lower than the plant without cold tolerance under the cold stress condition,while their proline contents and soluble protein contents were all higher than the plants without cold tolerance.The above physiological indicators all can be used for the screening of varieties with cold tolerance in Malvaceae,which will also provide theoretical guidance for the cold tolerance screening of other garden plants.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore physiological responses of Brazil banana seedlings to drought stress simulated by PEG-6000.[Method] Brazil banana （Musa AAA Cavendish subgroup cv.Brazil） was taken as test material...[Objective] The aim was to explore physiological responses of Brazil banana seedlings to drought stress simulated by PEG-6000.[Method] Brazil banana （Musa AAA Cavendish subgroup cv.Brazil） was taken as test materials to explore changes of physiological indices of banana seedlings under drought stresses simulated by PEG-6000,including three stress levels （5％,10％ and 15％） and time periods （24,48 and 72 h）.[Result] Relative water content and chlorophyll content both declined under different stress levels and in different times.The content of proline （Pro） in seedling leaves from high to low was PEG15％,PEG10％ and PEG5％; the content of treatment of 5％ stress in 24 h was of insignificant differences with that of the control and the contents in rest treatments were all remarkably higher compared with the control.POD activities of seedling leaves from high to low were as follows：PEG15％＞PEG10％＞PEG5％,and POD activity was of significant differences among treatments; POD activity achieved the peak in treatment group with 5％ of stress,and POD activities of different groups were all higher compared with the control.The activity of root system in treatment groups with PEG at different concentrations was as follows：PEG10％＞PEG15％＞PEG5％ and the activity increased remarkably in the group with PEG at 5％ within 24,48 and 72 h,though the activity dropped significantly within 72 h and slowly in 24 and 48 h.[Conclusion] It can be concluded that relative water content,chlorophyll content,Pro content and activity and root activity can be references of banana resistance to drought.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to provide the theoretical and technical basis for alleviating salt damages in production practice of oil sunflower （Helianthus annuus）. [Method] Seeds of oil sunflower were used as expe...[Objective] This study aimed to provide the theoretical and technical basis for alleviating salt damages in production practice of oil sunflower （Helianthus annuus）. [Method] Seeds of oil sunflower were used as experimental materials and treated with 120 mmol/L NaCI solution and 0-200 mg/L Vc solution during the germina- tion process, to investigate the effects of exogenous Vc on seed germination and physiological properties of oil sunflower under salt stress. [Result] Under salt stress, with the increase of Vc concentration, germination potential and germination rate of oil sunflower seeds, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） activities and proline （Pro） content of oil sunflower seedlings increased first and then declined, which reached the maixmum in 80 mg/L Vc treatment, 120 mg/L Vc treatment and 80 mg/L Vc treatment, respectively; malondialdehyde （MDA） content of oil sunflower seedlings declined first and then increased, which reached the minimum in 160 mg/L Vc treatment. [Conclusion] To varying degrees, Vc could improve germination potential and germination rate of oil sunflower seeds and promote seedling growth under salt stress, thus alleviating the damages of salt stress to seed germination and seedling growth of oil sunflower.展开更多
Using potato plants overexpressing spermidine synthase（SPDS） gene as experimental materials, changes in chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde（MDA） content and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity of potato leaves u...Using potato plants overexpressing spermidine synthase（SPDS） gene as experimental materials, changes in chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde（MDA） content and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity of potato leaves under low temperature stress were determined. According to the results, chlorophyll content of experimental plants showed a decreasing trend; MDA content of 01-47 was significantly higher than that of Atlantic; MDA content of 01-6 and 01-49 was significantly lower than that of Atlantic; SOD activity of 01-6 and 01-47 was higher than that of Atlantic. Potato lines 01-6 and 01-47 can be further cultivated to breed new cold-resistant potato varieties.展开更多
Numerous bird species have adapted to rapid urbanization,navigating challenges introduced by novel stressors.While prior research has explored how urban exploiters adjust their physiology relative to their rural count...Numerous bird species have adapted to rapid urbanization,navigating challenges introduced by novel stressors.While prior research has explored how urban exploiters adjust their physiology relative to their rural counterparts during breeding season,the modulation of multiple physiological markers outside of reproduction,and the maintenance of sex-specific differences,remain less understood.Using an urban exploiter,the Eurasian tree sparrow(ETS;Passer montanus),we investigated how both sexes of urban and rural populations modulate twenty-two physiological markers of nutrition,body condition,oxidative stress,and antioxidative responses during pre-breeding stage.Our results showed that urban ETSs displayed distinct glucolipid metabolism compared to rural ETSs,characterized by higher levels of free fatty acids,β-hydroxybutyric acid,high-density lipoprotein(HDL),and total cholesterol,alongside lower levels of triglycerides,glucose(Glu),and fat content(FC).No significant differences were observed in other physiological markers.Additionally,both sexes of urban ETSs exhibited similar profiles across these markers,unlike rural populations where females showed higher Glu and total protein levels and lower HDL and FC levels than males.Our findings suggest that birds adjust their nutritional physiological markers in response to urbanization,likely due to dietary differences between urban and rural environments.Furthermore,sex differences in physiological markers of nutrition,body condition,oxidative stress,and antioxidant responses appear to diminish in urban settings.展开更多
The plant growth and physiological and biochemical responses of root and leaves of grape Yinhong seedlings to the weak lights of 20 000,16 000,12 000,8 000 lx and the normal illumination of 25 000 lx（CK） respectivel...The plant growth and physiological and biochemical responses of root and leaves of grape Yinhong seedlings to the weak lights of 20 000,16 000,12 000,8 000 lx and the normal illumination of 25 000 lx（CK） respectively,were investigated.There was no significant dfference in growth indexes of root and leaves of grapevine seedlings between the light of 20 000 lx and CK,and the light of 16 000 lx and CK for 30 d.The chlorophyll contents,soluble protein contents,net photosynthetic rates,transpiration rates,stomatal conductance,water use efficiency and protective enzyme（CAT,POD,SOD） activities in the leaves under the lights of 20 000 lx and 16 000 lx for 30 d were all higher than those under the lights of 20 000 lx and 16 000 lx for 1 d.Under the light of 8 000 lx for 30 d,the growth indexes of root and leaves of grapevine seedlings were significantly lower than those of CK,and except for MDA content,most physiological and biochemical indexes of the leaves were significantly lower than those under the light of 8 000 lx for 1 d.Under12 000 lx,the values of most growth indexes in root and leaves and physiological and biochemical indexes in leaves were between the 16 000 lx and 8 000 lx.In conclusion,Yinhong could grow under the lights above 16 000 lx,and would be stunted by the weak light below 8 000 lx.展开更多
[Objective] The research aimed to reveal physiological mechanisms of alkali tolerances of different Stevia rebaudiana varieties under alkali stress.[Method] By using matrix culture method,the influences of Na2CO3 on c...[Objective] The research aimed to reveal physiological mechanisms of alkali tolerances of different Stevia rebaudiana varieties under alkali stress.[Method] By using matrix culture method,the influences of Na2CO3 on chlorophyll content,malondialdehyde（MDA）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD） and Proline（Pro） content of leaves from different alkali tolerance varieties of S.rebaudiana [No.2 Shoutian（relative alkali tolerance variety） and No.4 Zhongshan（alkali sensitivity variety）] were studied.[Result] 1.2 g/L of Na2CO3 stress made that the chlorophyll contents of leaves from No.2 Shoutian and No.4 Zhongshan seedlings both decreased in different degrees.Moreover,MDA content of No.4 Zhongshan was higher than control during the whole stress period,and the largest increase amplitude was 43.2%.MDA content of No.2 Shoutian was lower than control in early and latter periods of stress,and increased the maximum on the 14th day of alkali stress,which was 24.4% higher than control.SOD activities of No.2 Shoutian and No.4 Zhongshan both showed a trend of first increasing and declining then in the alkali stress period,but the increasing extent of SOD activity in No.2 Shoutian was higher than that in No.4 Zhongshan.In latter period of Na2CO3 stress,SOD activity of No.2 Shoutian declined,but POD activity was higher than that of No.4 Zhongshan.It illustrated that POD had stronger scavenging capability of active oxygen.Pro contents of No.2 Shoutian and No.4 Zhongshan were higher than control in the stress period.It showed that the osmoregulation of Pro might not be key regulatory factor of alkali tolerance difference of the two S.rebaudiana varieties.[Conclusion] The research not only provided theoretical basis for further breeding new salt tolerance variety of S.rebaudiana,but also had important significance for improving utilized ratio of kaline soil and growing environment for mudflat in China.展开更多
[Objective] To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on Actinidia arguta （Seib.et.Zucc.）, and provide a theoretical basis for the introduc- tion and breeding of cold resistant varieties. [Meth...[Objective] To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on Actinidia arguta （Seib.et.Zucc.）, and provide a theoretical basis for the introduc- tion and breeding of cold resistant varieties. [Method] A. arguta as the test material was processed at room temperature of 4 ℃ to determine the contents of chloro- phyll, water soluble sugar, water soluble protein, free proline, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes （POD activity, SOD activity, CAT activity） with the treatment at 25℃ as the control. [Results] The results indicated that with the prolonging of stress time, the content of chlorophyll was first increased and then decreased, and the content of MDA was increased; soluble sugar content of seedling leaf decreased gradually, while the soluble protein and proline content of seedling leaves were first increased and then decreased; the activities of SOD and POD were displayed a decline trend, meanwhile the activities of CAT was first increased and then decreased. [Conclu- sion] The various indicators showed that under low temperature stress, the chloro- phyll content decreased accompanied with membrane lipid peroxidation and MDA accumulation, and soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline and antioxidant en- zymes play a protective role in different degrees.展开更多
The morpho-physiological responses of 15 rapeseed genotypes to drought stress were assessed,revealing strong correlations among various characteristics.Under control conditions,the genotype Angelico fascinated the hig...The morpho-physiological responses of 15 rapeseed genotypes to drought stress were assessed,revealing strong correlations among various characteristics.Under control conditions,the genotype Angelico fascinated the highest chlorophyll content,while Nilofar had the highest carotenoid content,grain yield,and harvest index(HI).Talaye recorded the highest proline content.Under drought conditions,Nafis maintained the highest plant height,pod number,biomass,and grain yield.Angelico demonstrated the highest chlorophyll and relative water content(RWC).Nima showed the highest carotenoid content,Zarfam excelled in chlorophyll b,and Nafis recorded the highest proline content.Overall,drought stress resulted in a significant reduction in most morphophysiological traits.In the principal component analysis(PCA),the first two components explained a substantial portion of the variation in both control and drought conditions,facilitating the classification of the genotypes into two distinct groups.Additionally,twelve drought stress indices further categorized the genotypes,with the first two components accounting for the majority of the variation(99.45%).Notably,the Nilofar,Nima,Nafis,and Shirali cultivars were grouped together under both control and drought conditions,exhibiting the highest grain yield.These genotypes could be considered drought-tolerant varieties of this study.The research identified stable and high-performing rapeseed genotypes,which are recommended for future breeding programs.展开更多
Horticultural crops suffer massive production losses due to abiotic stress,which is a key limiting factor worldwide.The ability of these crops to withstand such stress has been linked to melatonin,a biomolecule with s...Horticultural crops suffer massive production losses due to abiotic stress,which is a key limiting factor worldwide.The ability of these crops to withstand such stress has been linked to melatonin,a biomolecule with significant roles in both physiological and molecular defense responses.Melatonin is pivotal in enhancing the resilience of horticultural crops to abiotic stress,making it a critical component in their survival strategies.The application of exogenous melatonin improves abiotic stress tolerance by preserving membrane integrity,maintaining redox equilibrium,scavenging reactive oxygen species effectively,activating antioxidant defense mechanisms,and elevating gene expression related to stress responses.Furthermore,the integrated management of melatonin with other phytohormones demonstrates its potential relevance in addressing various stresses across a wide range of horticultural crops.Therefore,it is crucial to elucidate the physiological and molecular processes involving melatonin in abiotic stress in these crops.Here,we discuss current studies on the use of melatonin in horticultural crops in response to abiotic stresses,and explores future research directions and potential applications to enhance the productivity and abiotic stress tolerance of horticultural crops.展开更多
Nickel(Ni)toxicity significantly impairs plant growth,photosynthesis,and metabolism by inducing oxidative stress.This study evaluates the potential of exogenous Alpha-Ketoglutarate(AKG)in mitigating Ni-induced stress ...Nickel(Ni)toxicity significantly impairs plant growth,photosynthesis,and metabolism by inducing oxidative stress.This study evaluates the potential of exogenous Alpha-Ketoglutarate(AKG)in mitigating Ni-induced stress in Peganum harmala L.Seedlings were exposed to 0,200,500,and 750μM NiCl2,with or without AKG supplementation.Under 750μM Ni stress,dry weight(DW)decreased by 33.7%,tissue water content(TWC)by 39.9%,and chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll levels were reduced by 17%and 15%,respectively.Ni exposure also significantly increased secondary metabolite production,with leaf anthocyanin content rising by 131%,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities increasing by 228%and 53%,respectively,in roots at 500μM Ni.AKG treatment alleviated Ni toxicity by enhancing TWC by 39%and promoting root and shoot growth.Additionally,AKG treatment boosted the synthesis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids,contributing to improved tolerance against Ni stress.These findings demonstrate the potential of AKG in enhancing Ni tolerance in P.harmala,suggesting its promising role in bioremediation of metal-contaminated soils.This is the first study to report the beneficial effects of exogenous AKG in alleviating nickel toxicity in P.harmala L.,offering a new approach for improving plant resilience to heavy metal stress.展开更多
Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural soil is primarily driven by pesticides,polluted water,and industrial gas emissions,which pose threats to sustainable crop production.Chromium(Cr)stress has an adverse impact on...Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural soil is primarily driven by pesticides,polluted water,and industrial gas emissions,which pose threats to sustainable crop production.Chromium(Cr)stress has an adverse impact on plant development and metabolism,but approaches to reduce its toxicity and enhance plant resistance remain limited.Melatonin is a potent antioxidant involved in regulating various morpho-physiological functions of plants under different abiotic stresses.In this study,we investigated the impact of exogenous melatonin to mitigate the negative effects of potassium dichromate(PD)stress in melon plants and analyzed genetic modulation of morphological,physiological,and biochemical parameters.The obtained results revealed that melatonin treatment(100μmol L^(−1))considerably improved seed germination rate,promoted plant growth,and stabilized chloroplast ultrastructure of leaves under PD-stress.This physiological resilience was similarly reflected by maintained photosynthetic efficiency and significantly stabilized photochemical parameters(e.g.,Fv/Fm and NPQ).At the molecular level,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)analysis confirmed that melatonin treatment maintained organelle integrity by upregulating primary metabolism indices and hindering Cr accumulation.Specifically,melatonin reduced the Cr-induced downregulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis genes[CmHEMA(MELO3C006296.2),CmGOGAT(MELO3C008481.2),and CmPOR(MELO3C016714.2)],restoring chlorophyll content by up to 5.08 mg·g^(−1),increased by 67.11%.The expression level of genes[CmSPS(MELO3C003715.2),CmPEPC(MELO3C018724.2),and CmRubisco(MELO3C012180.2)]showed an effective upsurge in carbohydrate synthesis.Moreover,melatonin significantly enhanced the antioxidant system[e.g.,increasing SOD(46.13%),POD(35.85%),and APX(25.00%)activities]and promoted the accumulation of lignin and metallothionein[via upregulation of Cm4CL(MELO3C002346.2)and CmMet(MELO3C016513.2)genes],which restricted Cr translocation from the root to the shoot.To summarize,exogenous melatonin application could serve as an effective strategy for mitigating Cr-induced stress in melon by stabilizing basic photosynthetic processes and secondary metabolism through biochemical and molecular defensive mechanisms,thereby preventing Cr translocation by activating the accumulation of secondary metabolites(e.g.,lignin and metallothionein)and photo-respiration elements.Our findings provided new perspective to understand melatonin as a viable,multidimensional bio-regulator for improving crop resilience in Cr-polluted agricultural systems.展开更多
To systematically examine the tolerance of flue-cured tobacco K326 to soil drought stress,this study set up different water content trials for K326 at 60%,40%,and 20%levels during the vigorous growing period by greenh...To systematically examine the tolerance of flue-cured tobacco K326 to soil drought stress,this study set up different water content trials for K326 at 60%,40%,and 20%levels during the vigorous growing period by greenhouse pot planting.Pigment content,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,antioxidant enzyme activity,and SPS and GS activities associated with carbon and nitrogen metabolism were investigated in the K326 tobacco leaves.The results showed that chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents decreased,non-photochemical quenching coefficient Y(NPQ)decreased in the later stage of vigorous growth,and energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NO)levels increased under the drought stresses,suggesting a decrease in the efficiency of conversion by light to electricity in the PSII reaction center.SOD and CAT activities were elevated during the early stage of drought stresses but sharply declined during the later stage of drought stresses.POD enzyme activity was less affected by moderate drought stress,but it was inhibited by severe drought stress.Additionally,moderate drought stress increased the SPS activity and reduced GS activity in K326 tobacco leaves in the later growth stage,indicating that moderate drought stress can promote the transduction from nitrogen metabolism to carbon metabolism in tobacco leaves in the later growth stage,which will help to improve the internal chemical quality of tobacco leaves.展开更多
Climate change-driven environmental stresses,particularly ultraviolet-B(UV-B)radiation,pose severe threats to grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)productivity and physiological stability.This study investigated the protective...Climate change-driven environmental stresses,particularly ultraviolet-B(UV-B)radiation,pose severe threats to grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)productivity and physiological stability.This study investigated the protective role of melatonin in in vitro plantlets of two grapevine cultivars,‘Merlot’and‘Erci¸s’,subjected to low(≈8.25μWcm^(−2),16 h)and high(≈33μW cm^(−2),4 h)UV-B exposure.Significant cultivar-specific responses were observed(p<0.001).The‘Erci¸s’cultivar exhibited higher oxidative stress,with malondialdehyde(MDA)levels reaching 24.30 mmol g^(−1)FW in control plants compared with 14.91±0.25 mmol g^(−1)FW in‘Merlot’.Melatonin provided dose-dependent mitigation,reducing MDA to 12.68 in‘Erci¸s’and 8.52±0.13 in‘Merlot’at 200μmol L^(−1).Antioxidant enzyme activities increased significantly:superoxide dismutase rose from 0.02±0.01 to 0.10 EU g^(−1)in‘Erci¸s’and to 0.13 EU g^(−1)in‘Merlot’,catalase increased up to 0.08 in‘Erci¸s’and 0.16 in‘Merlot’,while ascorbate peroxidase reached 1.06±0.02 and 1.20±0.03,respectively.Pigment traits also improved,with chlorophyll content increasing to 23.70μg cm^(−2)in‘Merlot’and 22.66μg cm^(−2)in‘Erci¸s’,alongside enhanced nitrogen balance index values.Secondary metabolites were elevated,particularly total phenolic content(8.23 GAE 100 g^(−1)in‘Erci¸s’and 5.99 in‘Merlot’)and antioxidant capacity(17.24 and 8.15μmol TE g^(−1),respectively).Correlation analyses revealed strong positive associations betweenmelatonin and antioxidant enzymes(r=0.54-0.85),while principal component analysis explained 64.71%of total variance,separating cultivars and treatments clearly.Clustering patterns showed distinct grouping of enzymatic defenses,phenolic compounds,and pigments,reflecting coordinated protective mechanisms.Overall,melatonin application,especially at 200μmol L^(−1),significantly enhanced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses,stabilized photosynthetic pigments,and reduced oxidative damage,with stronger protective efficiency in‘Merlot’.The research provided valuable insights for developing biotechnological approaches to enhance grape stress tolerance in the context of climate change challenges.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of pyrene stress on growth and physiological indexes of maize seedling.[Method] The effects of different concentrations of pyrene（0,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg/L） on growth and...[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of pyrene stress on growth and physiological indexes of maize seedling.[Method] The effects of different concentrations of pyrene（0,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg/L） on growth and several physiological indexes,such as chlorophyll content,malnodiadehyde（MDA） content of both leaves and roots of maize（Zea Mays L.） seedlings of Shixiang 1（sensitive variety） and Guangtian 3（tolerant variety） were studied by a hydroponic experiment.[Result]As the concentration of prene increasing within the test concentration range,the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in Shixiang 1 first increased and then decreased;relative growth yield and absolute growth rate showed the decreasing trend;MDA contents in roots and leaves showed the increasing trend.Relative growth yield,absolute growth rate and chlorophyll a content in Guangtian 3 first increased and then decreased;chlorophyll b and MDA contents in roots showed the increasing trend;MDA contents in leaves showed the decreasing trend.Compared with control,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of Shixiang 1 significantly increased under pyrene concentration of 0.5-1.0 mg/L,which significantly decreased as the concentration of pyrene ≥2.0 mg/L;MDA contents in roots and leaves significantly increased as the concentration of pyrene ≥1.0 mg/L,while relative growth yield and absolute growth rate significantly decreased.Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in Guangtian 3 significantly increased as the concentration of pyrene ≥1.0 mg/L.Pyrene concentration had significantly negative correlation with relative growth yield and absolute growth rate of Shixiang 1,while it had significant positive correlation with MDA contents in roots.Pyrene concentration had significant positive correlation with chlorophyll b and MDA contents in roots of tolerant variety Guangtian 3.[Conclusion]The study provided basis for the management measures of maize during its seedling stage.展开更多
With the intensification of climate change,spring low-temperature stress(SLTS)leads to floret degeneration and a decrease in grain number.This study investigated the physiological mechanisms underlying SLTS-induced fl...With the intensification of climate change,spring low-temperature stress(SLTS)leads to floret degeneration and a decrease in grain number.This study investigated the physiological mechanisms underlying SLTS-induced floret degeneration using two wheat varieties with contrasting cold sensitivity.SLTS caused yellowing and shrinkage of floret primordia,increasing floret degeneration and fertile floret abortion,ultimately reducing grains per spike by 12.2%-26.1%.SLTS disrupted nutrient supply,impairing dry matter accumulation in young spikes.At 0-15 d after low-temperature stress(DALTS),SLTS caused a brief increase in the sugar content of young spikes(0-3 DALTS),followed by a rapid decrease(6-15 DALTS),while the total nitrogen content keeps decreasing.SLTS altered key enzyme activities,enhancing sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase but suppressing nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SLTS perturbed starch and sucrose metabolism,carbon and nitrogen metabolism,and amino sugar pathways,altering soluble sugars,sucrose,fructose,and protein levels.SLTS disrupted carbon-nitrogen metabolic homeostasis,thereby reducing the number of fertile florets and ultimately leading to a decrease in grain number per spike.These findings enhance understanding of SLTS impacts on wheat floret development and provide insights for improving low-temperature tolerance and yield stability in wheat.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32160578)Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(2025AAC020032).
文摘Malolactic fermentation,started by lactic acid bacteria,plays a crucial role in the production of high-quality wines.As global warming increases the ethanol content in wines,the success of malolactic fermentation depends on selecting ethanol-tolerant strains,especially for wines from increasingly warm climates.Lentilactobacillus hilgardii Q19 was isolated and characterized as an indigenous malolactic bacterium with higher ethanol tolerance properties.In this study,it was indicated that ethanol stress had significant effects on ATPase activity,antioxidant system,and cell membrane of L.hilgardii Q19 by measuring the physiological indicators under stress which include H^(+)-ATPase,Na^(+)/K^(+)-ATPase,Ca^(2+)/Mg^(2+)-ATPase activity,glutathione content,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)content.The main metabolic pathways involved in ethanol stress such as ATP-binding cassette(ABC)transporters,pentose phosphate pathway,phosphotransferase system,glutathione metabolic pathway and two-component systems were screened by transcriptome sequencing analysis.The functions of the pentose phosphate pathway,pyruvate metabolic pathway and glycerolipid metabolism under ethanol stress were verified by constructing the L.hilgardii Q19 ethanol stress related key genes gnt K,pyk,and glp K overexpression vectors.The above findings may contribute to our understanding of the metabolic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of L.hilgardii Q19 in response to ethanol stress.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32201896)the Zhejiang Province Key Research and Development Plan Project,China(Grant No.2022C02034)the National Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System Construction Project,China(Grant No.CARS-01-21).
文摘Rice yield is heavily reliant on the number of spikelets per panicle,a factor determined by the processes of spikelet differentiation and degeneration.In rice cultivars with large panicles,spikelet degeneration negates the advantages of large panicle and constrains yield potential.Environmental stress-induced metabolic disorders in plants aggravate spikelet degeneration,with the sensitive period for this process commencing approximately 15‒20 d before panicle heading.Notable positional variations occur within the panicle,with significantly higher spikelet degeneration rates at the basal than at the upper positions.An imbalance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism represents the primary physiological basis for aggravated spikelet degeneration under abiotic stress.Impaired carbon and nitrogen metabolism leads to disordered energy metabolism and disrupted respiratory electron transport,which accelerates the apoptosis of young spikelets through excessive reactive oxygen species accumulation.Sucrose serves as the main carbohydrate source for spikelet development,demonstrating an apical dominance pattern that favors spikelet formation.However,under abiotic stress,the inhibition of sucrose decomposition,rather than sucrose transport impairment,predominantly contributes to aggravated spikelet degeneration at the basal panicle positions.Brassinolide and auxin have a significant relationship with spikelet formation,potentially mediating apical dominance.Specifically,brassinolide enhances sucrose accumulation and utilization,thereby alleviating spikelet degeneration.At present,the mechanisms underlying rice spikelet degeneration have not been fully revealed,and the joint effects of hormones,carbohydrates,and carbon and nitrogen metabolism on this process require further investigation.To reduce the spikelet degeneration,the strategic application of water and fertilizer to establish a stable rice population can enhance the rice plants’resilience to abiotic stress.An effective approach to reducing spikelet degeneration is to increase the dry matter occupancy of each spikelet during the panicle initiation period.
文摘BACKGROUND Although the 2021 Chinese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery(ERAS)provide recommendations for ERAS in gastrointestinal surgery,the clinical application of standard ERAS nursing models is challenging due to the variety of diseases involved in gastrointestinal surgery and the com-plex factors contributing to patient stress responses.Moreover,stress responses are more severe in older adult patients.Therefore,precision medicine is required to improve the quality of nursing care and promote postoperative recovery in gastrointestinal surgery.and demonstrate nursing benefits through clinical practice.METHODS This randomized clinical trial first established an evidence-based nursing ERAS protocol in older adult patients based on literature related to perioperative nursing measures for gastrointestinal surgery stress response.Next,392 older adult patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery and were admitted to our hospital between December 2021 and June 2023 were categorized into two groups to receive evidence-based(study group)or conventional(control group)ERAS nursing models,respectively.Intraoperative physiological parameters during surgery and postoperative recovery indicators were compared between the groups.RESULTS Among 64 domestic and international studies,the stress responses of older adult patients mainly included emotional anxiety,sleep disorders,gastrointestinal discomfort,physical weakness,pain,and swelling.The appropriate nursing interventions included comprehensive psychological counseling,pre-and postoperative nutritional support,temperature control,pain management,and rehabilitation training.Compared with the control group,the study group showed lower heart rate,mean arterial pressure,blood glucose level,and adrenaline level;shorter duration of drainage tube placement,time to first flatus,time to first ambulation,and postoperative hospital stay;lower anxiety scores on postoperative day 3;and lower incidences of postoperative infection,obstruction,poor wound healing,and gastrointestinal reactions were lower in the study group(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The evidence-based nursing measures targeting stress responses based on the conventional ERAS nursing model resulted in stable intraoperative physiological parameters during surgery,promoted postoperative recovery,and reduced the incidence of complications.
基金Supported by Doctoral Starting Fund of Yangtze University(801190010105)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the effect of low temperature stress on physiological and biochemical characteristics of Podocarpus nagi. [Method] Through the determination of physiological indices such as plasma membrane permeability, free proline content, soluble sugar content, malondialdehyde （MDA） content and chlorophyll content, the change law of these indices of P. nagi seedlings under natural conditions and artificially controlled low temperature conditions within the continuous 5 d was studied. [Result] The soluble sugar content, free proline content, MDA content and plasma membrane permeability of P. nagi seedlings were slightly in- creased compared with control; the chlorophyll content gradually decreased with the prolongation of low temperature stress. P. nagi seedlings produced active response to low temperature stress, so the low temperature injury P. nagi seedlings suffered was reduced. [Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for winter management in P. nagi cultivation in Hanjiang plain area.
基金Supported by Research Project in Shanghai Green(Forest)Authority(G060317)~~
文摘The paper was to study the change trend of the physiological indexes in plants of Malvaceae under normal and low temperature condition.The result showed that the increase extent of electrical conductivity of plants with cold tolerance in Malvaceae was significantly lower than the plant without cold tolerance under the cold stress condition,while their proline contents and soluble protein contents were all higher than the plants without cold tolerance.The above physiological indicators all can be used for the screening of varieties with cold tolerance in Malvaceae,which will also provide theoretical guidance for the cold tolerance screening of other garden plants.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore physiological responses of Brazil banana seedlings to drought stress simulated by PEG-6000.[Method] Brazil banana （Musa AAA Cavendish subgroup cv.Brazil） was taken as test materials to explore changes of physiological indices of banana seedlings under drought stresses simulated by PEG-6000,including three stress levels （5％,10％ and 15％） and time periods （24,48 and 72 h）.[Result] Relative water content and chlorophyll content both declined under different stress levels and in different times.The content of proline （Pro） in seedling leaves from high to low was PEG15％,PEG10％ and PEG5％; the content of treatment of 5％ stress in 24 h was of insignificant differences with that of the control and the contents in rest treatments were all remarkably higher compared with the control.POD activities of seedling leaves from high to low were as follows：PEG15％＞PEG10％＞PEG5％,and POD activity was of significant differences among treatments; POD activity achieved the peak in treatment group with 5％ of stress,and POD activities of different groups were all higher compared with the control.The activity of root system in treatment groups with PEG at different concentrations was as follows：PEG10％＞PEG15％＞PEG5％ and the activity increased remarkably in the group with PEG at 5％ within 24,48 and 72 h,though the activity dropped significantly within 72 h and slowly in 24 and 48 h.[Conclusion] It can be concluded that relative water content,chlorophyll content,Pro content and activity and root activity can be references of banana resistance to drought.
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to provide the theoretical and technical basis for alleviating salt damages in production practice of oil sunflower （Helianthus annuus）. [Method] Seeds of oil sunflower were used as experimental materials and treated with 120 mmol/L NaCI solution and 0-200 mg/L Vc solution during the germina- tion process, to investigate the effects of exogenous Vc on seed germination and physiological properties of oil sunflower under salt stress. [Result] Under salt stress, with the increase of Vc concentration, germination potential and germination rate of oil sunflower seeds, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） activities and proline （Pro） content of oil sunflower seedlings increased first and then declined, which reached the maixmum in 80 mg/L Vc treatment, 120 mg/L Vc treatment and 80 mg/L Vc treatment, respectively; malondialdehyde （MDA） content of oil sunflower seedlings declined first and then increased, which reached the minimum in 160 mg/L Vc treatment. [Conclusion] To varying degrees, Vc could improve germination potential and germination rate of oil sunflower seeds and promote seedling growth under salt stress, thus alleviating the damages of salt stress to seed germination and seedling growth of oil sunflower.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-Xinjiang Joint Fund(U12031039)~~
文摘Using potato plants overexpressing spermidine synthase（SPDS） gene as experimental materials, changes in chlorophyll content, malondialdehyde（MDA） content and superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity of potato leaves under low temperature stress were determined. According to the results, chlorophyll content of experimental plants showed a decreasing trend; MDA content of 01-47 was significantly higher than that of Atlantic; MDA content of 01-6 and 01-49 was significantly lower than that of Atlantic; SOD activity of 01-6 and 01-47 was higher than that of Atlantic. Potato lines 01-6 and 01-47 can be further cultivated to breed new cold-resistant potato varieties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,31971413)to D.L.
文摘Numerous bird species have adapted to rapid urbanization,navigating challenges introduced by novel stressors.While prior research has explored how urban exploiters adjust their physiology relative to their rural counterparts during breeding season,the modulation of multiple physiological markers outside of reproduction,and the maintenance of sex-specific differences,remain less understood.Using an urban exploiter,the Eurasian tree sparrow(ETS;Passer montanus),we investigated how both sexes of urban and rural populations modulate twenty-two physiological markers of nutrition,body condition,oxidative stress,and antioxidative responses during pre-breeding stage.Our results showed that urban ETSs displayed distinct glucolipid metabolism compared to rural ETSs,characterized by higher levels of free fatty acids,β-hydroxybutyric acid,high-density lipoprotein(HDL),and total cholesterol,alongside lower levels of triglycerides,glucose(Glu),and fat content(FC).No significant differences were observed in other physiological markers.Additionally,both sexes of urban ETSs exhibited similar profiles across these markers,unlike rural populations where females showed higher Glu and total protein levels and lower HDL and FC levels than males.Our findings suggest that birds adjust their nutritional physiological markers in response to urbanization,likely due to dietary differences between urban and rural environments.Furthermore,sex differences in physiological markers of nutrition,body condition,oxidative stress,and antioxidant responses appear to diminish in urban settings.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Ningbo Province of China(2011B82019)Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo Province of China(Y13C150014)+1 种基金Supported by Foundation of Zhejiang Educational Committee(2011C32008)Supported by Science and Technology Project of Ningbo Province,China(2010C91049)~~
文摘The plant growth and physiological and biochemical responses of root and leaves of grape Yinhong seedlings to the weak lights of 20 000,16 000,12 000,8 000 lx and the normal illumination of 25 000 lx（CK） respectively,were investigated.There was no significant dfference in growth indexes of root and leaves of grapevine seedlings between the light of 20 000 lx and CK,and the light of 16 000 lx and CK for 30 d.The chlorophyll contents,soluble protein contents,net photosynthetic rates,transpiration rates,stomatal conductance,water use efficiency and protective enzyme（CAT,POD,SOD） activities in the leaves under the lights of 20 000 lx and 16 000 lx for 30 d were all higher than those under the lights of 20 000 lx and 16 000 lx for 1 d.Under the light of 8 000 lx for 30 d,the growth indexes of root and leaves of grapevine seedlings were significantly lower than those of CK,and except for MDA content,most physiological and biochemical indexes of the leaves were significantly lower than those under the light of 8 000 lx for 1 d.Under12 000 lx,the values of most growth indexes in root and leaves and physiological and biochemical indexes in leaves were between the 16 000 lx and 8 000 lx.In conclusion,Yinhong could grow under the lights above 16 000 lx,and would be stunted by the weak light below 8 000 lx.
基金Supported by Technological Support Program of Science and Technology Department in Jiangsu Province (BE2009322)Achievement Extension Program of Technology Division in Nanjing City(200901001)Agricultural Three-new-engineering Program in Jiangsu Province (SX[2011]247)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to reveal physiological mechanisms of alkali tolerances of different Stevia rebaudiana varieties under alkali stress.[Method] By using matrix culture method,the influences of Na2CO3 on chlorophyll content,malondialdehyde（MDA）,superoxide dismutase（SOD）,peroxidase（POD） and Proline（Pro） content of leaves from different alkali tolerance varieties of S.rebaudiana [No.2 Shoutian（relative alkali tolerance variety） and No.4 Zhongshan（alkali sensitivity variety）] were studied.[Result] 1.2 g/L of Na2CO3 stress made that the chlorophyll contents of leaves from No.2 Shoutian and No.4 Zhongshan seedlings both decreased in different degrees.Moreover,MDA content of No.4 Zhongshan was higher than control during the whole stress period,and the largest increase amplitude was 43.2%.MDA content of No.2 Shoutian was lower than control in early and latter periods of stress,and increased the maximum on the 14th day of alkali stress,which was 24.4% higher than control.SOD activities of No.2 Shoutian and No.4 Zhongshan both showed a trend of first increasing and declining then in the alkali stress period,but the increasing extent of SOD activity in No.2 Shoutian was higher than that in No.4 Zhongshan.In latter period of Na2CO3 stress,SOD activity of No.2 Shoutian declined,but POD activity was higher than that of No.4 Zhongshan.It illustrated that POD had stronger scavenging capability of active oxygen.Pro contents of No.2 Shoutian and No.4 Zhongshan were higher than control in the stress period.It showed that the osmoregulation of Pro might not be key regulatory factor of alkali tolerance difference of the two S.rebaudiana varieties.[Conclusion] The research not only provided theoretical basis for further breeding new salt tolerance variety of S.rebaudiana,but also had important significance for improving utilized ratio of kaline soil and growing environment for mudflat in China.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest (201303093)the Key Project for Agricultural Improved Variety Breeding of Shandong Province (Lunongliang[2016]No.6~~
文摘[Objective] To study the ecophysiological effects of low temperature stress on Actinidia arguta （Seib.et.Zucc.）, and provide a theoretical basis for the introduc- tion and breeding of cold resistant varieties. [Method] A. arguta as the test material was processed at room temperature of 4 ℃ to determine the contents of chloro- phyll, water soluble sugar, water soluble protein, free proline, MDA, and antioxidant enzymes （POD activity, SOD activity, CAT activity） with the treatment at 25℃ as the control. [Results] The results indicated that with the prolonging of stress time, the content of chlorophyll was first increased and then decreased, and the content of MDA was increased; soluble sugar content of seedling leaf decreased gradually, while the soluble protein and proline content of seedling leaves were first increased and then decreased; the activities of SOD and POD were displayed a decline trend, meanwhile the activities of CAT was first increased and then decreased. [Conclu- sion] The various indicators showed that under low temperature stress, the chloro- phyll content decreased accompanied with membrane lipid peroxidation and MDA accumulation, and soluble sugar, soluble protein, free proline and antioxidant en- zymes play a protective role in different degrees.
文摘The morpho-physiological responses of 15 rapeseed genotypes to drought stress were assessed,revealing strong correlations among various characteristics.Under control conditions,the genotype Angelico fascinated the highest chlorophyll content,while Nilofar had the highest carotenoid content,grain yield,and harvest index(HI).Talaye recorded the highest proline content.Under drought conditions,Nafis maintained the highest plant height,pod number,biomass,and grain yield.Angelico demonstrated the highest chlorophyll and relative water content(RWC).Nima showed the highest carotenoid content,Zarfam excelled in chlorophyll b,and Nafis recorded the highest proline content.Overall,drought stress resulted in a significant reduction in most morphophysiological traits.In the principal component analysis(PCA),the first two components explained a substantial portion of the variation in both control and drought conditions,facilitating the classification of the genotypes into two distinct groups.Additionally,twelve drought stress indices further categorized the genotypes,with the first two components accounting for the majority of the variation(99.45%).Notably,the Nilofar,Nima,Nafis,and Shirali cultivars were grouped together under both control and drought conditions,exhibiting the highest grain yield.These genotypes could be considered drought-tolerant varieties of this study.The research identified stable and high-performing rapeseed genotypes,which are recommended for future breeding programs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32060672)Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province(Grant No.2023AAC03070)Central guidance for local scientific and technological development funds(Grant No.2022ZY0106)。
文摘Horticultural crops suffer massive production losses due to abiotic stress,which is a key limiting factor worldwide.The ability of these crops to withstand such stress has been linked to melatonin,a biomolecule with significant roles in both physiological and molecular defense responses.Melatonin is pivotal in enhancing the resilience of horticultural crops to abiotic stress,making it a critical component in their survival strategies.The application of exogenous melatonin improves abiotic stress tolerance by preserving membrane integrity,maintaining redox equilibrium,scavenging reactive oxygen species effectively,activating antioxidant defense mechanisms,and elevating gene expression related to stress responses.Furthermore,the integrated management of melatonin with other phytohormones demonstrates its potential relevance in addressing various stresses across a wide range of horticultural crops.Therefore,it is crucial to elucidate the physiological and molecular processes involving melatonin in abiotic stress in these crops.Here,we discuss current studies on the use of melatonin in horticultural crops in response to abiotic stresses,and explores future research directions and potential applications to enhance the productivity and abiotic stress tolerance of horticultural crops.
基金Researchers Supporting Project No.(RSP2025R390),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Nickel(Ni)toxicity significantly impairs plant growth,photosynthesis,and metabolism by inducing oxidative stress.This study evaluates the potential of exogenous Alpha-Ketoglutarate(AKG)in mitigating Ni-induced stress in Peganum harmala L.Seedlings were exposed to 0,200,500,and 750μM NiCl2,with or without AKG supplementation.Under 750μM Ni stress,dry weight(DW)decreased by 33.7%,tissue water content(TWC)by 39.9%,and chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll levels were reduced by 17%and 15%,respectively.Ni exposure also significantly increased secondary metabolite production,with leaf anthocyanin content rising by 131%,and superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities increasing by 228%and 53%,respectively,in roots at 500μM Ni.AKG treatment alleviated Ni toxicity by enhancing TWC by 39%and promoting root and shoot growth.Additionally,AKG treatment boosted the synthesis of phenolic compounds and flavonoids,contributing to improved tolerance against Ni stress.These findings demonstrate the potential of AKG in enhancing Ni tolerance in P.harmala,suggesting its promising role in bioremediation of metal-contaminated soils.This is the first study to report the beneficial effects of exogenous AKG in alleviating nickel toxicity in P.harmala L.,offering a new approach for improving plant resilience to heavy metal stress.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Plan of Heilongjiang Province(Award number:SC2022ZX02C0202-06)the Heilongjiang Provincial Research Fund(Award number:CZKYF2025-1-B004)the Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Innovation Project(Award numbers:CX25YQ30 and CX24ZH10).
文摘Heavy metal accumulation in agricultural soil is primarily driven by pesticides,polluted water,and industrial gas emissions,which pose threats to sustainable crop production.Chromium(Cr)stress has an adverse impact on plant development and metabolism,but approaches to reduce its toxicity and enhance plant resistance remain limited.Melatonin is a potent antioxidant involved in regulating various morpho-physiological functions of plants under different abiotic stresses.In this study,we investigated the impact of exogenous melatonin to mitigate the negative effects of potassium dichromate(PD)stress in melon plants and analyzed genetic modulation of morphological,physiological,and biochemical parameters.The obtained results revealed that melatonin treatment(100μmol L^(−1))considerably improved seed germination rate,promoted plant growth,and stabilized chloroplast ultrastructure of leaves under PD-stress.This physiological resilience was similarly reflected by maintained photosynthetic efficiency and significantly stabilized photochemical parameters(e.g.,Fv/Fm and NPQ).At the molecular level,quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)analysis confirmed that melatonin treatment maintained organelle integrity by upregulating primary metabolism indices and hindering Cr accumulation.Specifically,melatonin reduced the Cr-induced downregulation of chlorophyll biosynthesis genes[CmHEMA(MELO3C006296.2),CmGOGAT(MELO3C008481.2),and CmPOR(MELO3C016714.2)],restoring chlorophyll content by up to 5.08 mg·g^(−1),increased by 67.11%.The expression level of genes[CmSPS(MELO3C003715.2),CmPEPC(MELO3C018724.2),and CmRubisco(MELO3C012180.2)]showed an effective upsurge in carbohydrate synthesis.Moreover,melatonin significantly enhanced the antioxidant system[e.g.,increasing SOD(46.13%),POD(35.85%),and APX(25.00%)activities]and promoted the accumulation of lignin and metallothionein[via upregulation of Cm4CL(MELO3C002346.2)and CmMet(MELO3C016513.2)genes],which restricted Cr translocation from the root to the shoot.To summarize,exogenous melatonin application could serve as an effective strategy for mitigating Cr-induced stress in melon by stabilizing basic photosynthetic processes and secondary metabolism through biochemical and molecular defensive mechanisms,thereby preventing Cr translocation by activating the accumulation of secondary metabolites(e.g.,lignin and metallothionein)and photo-respiration elements.Our findings provided new perspective to understand melatonin as a viable,multidimensional bio-regulator for improving crop resilience in Cr-polluted agricultural systems.
基金funded by the Science and Technology Project of China Tobacco Company(110202202016)Science and Technology Project of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province(QKHZC[2024]YB159 and QKHJC-ZK[2022]YB288)Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Tobacco Company(2022XM17).
文摘To systematically examine the tolerance of flue-cured tobacco K326 to soil drought stress,this study set up different water content trials for K326 at 60%,40%,and 20%levels during the vigorous growing period by greenhouse pot planting.Pigment content,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,antioxidant enzyme activity,and SPS and GS activities associated with carbon and nitrogen metabolism were investigated in the K326 tobacco leaves.The results showed that chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents decreased,non-photochemical quenching coefficient Y(NPQ)decreased in the later stage of vigorous growth,and energy dissipation quantum yield Y(NO)levels increased under the drought stresses,suggesting a decrease in the efficiency of conversion by light to electricity in the PSII reaction center.SOD and CAT activities were elevated during the early stage of drought stresses but sharply declined during the later stage of drought stresses.POD enzyme activity was less affected by moderate drought stress,but it was inhibited by severe drought stress.Additionally,moderate drought stress increased the SPS activity and reduced GS activity in K326 tobacco leaves in the later growth stage,indicating that moderate drought stress can promote the transduction from nitrogen metabolism to carbon metabolism in tobacco leaves in the later growth stage,which will help to improve the internal chemical quality of tobacco leaves.
基金funded by Van Yuzuncu Yıl University Scientific Research Project Department(Project No.FYL-2021-9577).
文摘Climate change-driven environmental stresses,particularly ultraviolet-B(UV-B)radiation,pose severe threats to grapevine(Vitis vinifera L.)productivity and physiological stability.This study investigated the protective role of melatonin in in vitro plantlets of two grapevine cultivars,‘Merlot’and‘Erci¸s’,subjected to low(≈8.25μWcm^(−2),16 h)and high(≈33μW cm^(−2),4 h)UV-B exposure.Significant cultivar-specific responses were observed(p<0.001).The‘Erci¸s’cultivar exhibited higher oxidative stress,with malondialdehyde(MDA)levels reaching 24.30 mmol g^(−1)FW in control plants compared with 14.91±0.25 mmol g^(−1)FW in‘Merlot’.Melatonin provided dose-dependent mitigation,reducing MDA to 12.68 in‘Erci¸s’and 8.52±0.13 in‘Merlot’at 200μmol L^(−1).Antioxidant enzyme activities increased significantly:superoxide dismutase rose from 0.02±0.01 to 0.10 EU g^(−1)in‘Erci¸s’and to 0.13 EU g^(−1)in‘Merlot’,catalase increased up to 0.08 in‘Erci¸s’and 0.16 in‘Merlot’,while ascorbate peroxidase reached 1.06±0.02 and 1.20±0.03,respectively.Pigment traits also improved,with chlorophyll content increasing to 23.70μg cm^(−2)in‘Merlot’and 22.66μg cm^(−2)in‘Erci¸s’,alongside enhanced nitrogen balance index values.Secondary metabolites were elevated,particularly total phenolic content(8.23 GAE 100 g^(−1)in‘Erci¸s’and 5.99 in‘Merlot’)and antioxidant capacity(17.24 and 8.15μmol TE g^(−1),respectively).Correlation analyses revealed strong positive associations betweenmelatonin and antioxidant enzymes(r=0.54-0.85),while principal component analysis explained 64.71%of total variance,separating cultivars and treatments clearly.Clustering patterns showed distinct grouping of enzymatic defenses,phenolic compounds,and pigments,reflecting coordinated protective mechanisms.Overall,melatonin application,especially at 200μmol L^(−1),significantly enhanced enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defenses,stabilized photosynthetic pigments,and reduced oxidative damage,with stronger protective efficiency in‘Merlot’.The research provided valuable insights for developing biotechnological approaches to enhance grape stress tolerance in the context of climate change challenges.
基金Supported Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(9451064201003780)President Fund in South China Agricultural University(K09219)Students Technology Innovation Project in South China Agricultural University(L09131)~~
文摘[Objective]The paper was to explore the effects of pyrene stress on growth and physiological indexes of maize seedling.[Method] The effects of different concentrations of pyrene（0,0.5,1.0,and 2.0 mg/L） on growth and several physiological indexes,such as chlorophyll content,malnodiadehyde（MDA） content of both leaves and roots of maize（Zea Mays L.） seedlings of Shixiang 1（sensitive variety） and Guangtian 3（tolerant variety） were studied by a hydroponic experiment.[Result]As the concentration of prene increasing within the test concentration range,the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in Shixiang 1 first increased and then decreased;relative growth yield and absolute growth rate showed the decreasing trend;MDA contents in roots and leaves showed the increasing trend.Relative growth yield,absolute growth rate and chlorophyll a content in Guangtian 3 first increased and then decreased;chlorophyll b and MDA contents in roots showed the increasing trend;MDA contents in leaves showed the decreasing trend.Compared with control,chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents of Shixiang 1 significantly increased under pyrene concentration of 0.5-1.0 mg/L,which significantly decreased as the concentration of pyrene ≥2.0 mg/L;MDA contents in roots and leaves significantly increased as the concentration of pyrene ≥1.0 mg/L,while relative growth yield and absolute growth rate significantly decreased.Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b contents in Guangtian 3 significantly increased as the concentration of pyrene ≥1.0 mg/L.Pyrene concentration had significantly negative correlation with relative growth yield and absolute growth rate of Shixiang 1,while it had significant positive correlation with MDA contents in roots.Pyrene concentration had significant positive correlation with chlorophyll b and MDA contents in roots of tolerant variety Guangtian 3.[Conclusion]The study provided basis for the management measures of maize during its seedling stage.
基金funded by Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province,China(2023AH051016)Anhui Province New Era Education Provincial Quality Engineering Project(2023xscx044)+1 种基金Anhui Agricultural University,the First Batch of College Students"Science and Innovation Pilot"Cultivation Program Projectthe National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1901005)。
文摘With the intensification of climate change,spring low-temperature stress(SLTS)leads to floret degeneration and a decrease in grain number.This study investigated the physiological mechanisms underlying SLTS-induced floret degeneration using two wheat varieties with contrasting cold sensitivity.SLTS caused yellowing and shrinkage of floret primordia,increasing floret degeneration and fertile floret abortion,ultimately reducing grains per spike by 12.2%-26.1%.SLTS disrupted nutrient supply,impairing dry matter accumulation in young spikes.At 0-15 d after low-temperature stress(DALTS),SLTS caused a brief increase in the sugar content of young spikes(0-3 DALTS),followed by a rapid decrease(6-15 DALTS),while the total nitrogen content keeps decreasing.SLTS altered key enzyme activities,enhancing sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase but suppressing nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that SLTS perturbed starch and sucrose metabolism,carbon and nitrogen metabolism,and amino sugar pathways,altering soluble sugars,sucrose,fructose,and protein levels.SLTS disrupted carbon-nitrogen metabolic homeostasis,thereby reducing the number of fertile florets and ultimately leading to a decrease in grain number per spike.These findings enhance understanding of SLTS impacts on wheat floret development and provide insights for improving low-temperature tolerance and yield stability in wheat.
