Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)has been well documented as a driving force in the evolution of bacteria.It has been shown that a horizontally acquired gene,xoc_2868,involved in the global response against oxidative stre...Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)has been well documented as a driving force in the evolution of bacteria.It has been shown that a horizontally acquired gene,xoc_2868,involved in the global response against oxidative stress and pathogenicity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola strain BLS256.However,as a transcriptional factor(TF),the regulatory mechanism of XOC_2868 has not yet been revealed.Here,evolutionary analysis suggested XOC_2868 might be co-transferred with its physically proximate downstream genes from a Burkholderiaceae ancestor.Interestingly,RNA-seq data of wild-type(BLS256)andΔxoc_2868 strains under oxidative stress showed that XOC_2868 did not regulate the expression of its adjacent genes,but remarkably influenced the expression of several genes involved in the extracellular polysaccharide(EPS)production and xanthan biosynthesis.Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequence(ChIP-seq)combined with transcriptome analysis revealed that XOC_2868 directly regulates a cydAB operon,encoding two subunits of cytochrome bd oxidase and involved in redox balance.Consistent withΔxoc_2868 strain,cydA-and cydAB-knockout mutants also showed a higher sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)along with a reduced bacterial virulence compared with the wild-type strain.Overall,our findings raise the possibility of regulatory circuit evolution shaped by HGT and driven by selection and reveal a novel regulatory pathway that regulates the expression of cytochrome bd oxidase and thus contributes to the virulence of BLS256.展开更多
Four distinct types of sulfated peptides have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana.These peptides play crucial roles in regulating plant development and stress adaptation.Recent studies have revealed that Xan-thomon...Four distinct types of sulfated peptides have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana.These peptides play crucial roles in regulating plant development and stress adaptation.Recent studies have revealed that Xan-thomonas and Meloidogyne can secrete plant-like sulfated peptides,exploiting the plant sulfated peptide signaling pathway to suppress plant immunity.Over the past three decades,receptors for these four types of sulfated peptides have been identified,all of which belong to the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase subfamily.A number of regulatory proteins have been demonstrated to play important roles in their corresponding signal transduction pathways.In this review,we comprehensively summarize the discov-eries of sulfated peptides and their receptors,mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana.We also discuss their known biological functions in plant development and stress adaptation.Finally,we put forward a number of ques-tions for reference in future studies.展开更多
Background: New normality is uncertain in every sense, specifically in education and for many health disciplines. Being immersed in COVID-19 pandemics brought serious consequences for mental health, and is very import...Background: New normality is uncertain in every sense, specifically in education and for many health disciplines. Being immersed in COVID-19 pandemics brought serious consequences for mental health, and is very important to handle emotions and stress coping strategies to obtain positive outcomes. Objective: To identify the most frequent emotions, as well as the adaptation strategies to the new normality faced by the students of nursing. Methods: Qualitative and phenomenological research, with the participation of 20 students from both genders in the middle term of nursing career at Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, from August to November 2021. Information was collected from a focal group for ten sessions;analysis was according to De Souza Minayo, and there was a signed informed consent letter from participants. Results: Four categories emerged with sub-categories. Category I Maximized emotions. Sub-categories: 1) Frustration, anger, disappointment;2) Personal disappointment, hopelessness, uncertainty;3) Depression. Category II Support elements close to the new normality. Sub-categories: 1) Family communication;2) Education for mental and physical health. Category III Stressing situations that exceeded the student. Sub-category: Disease in lovely ones. Category IV Stress coping strategies. Sub-categories: 1) Friends and relatives that help to get better;2) Family values. Informers pointed out to have maximized emotion, and having no self-control on its negative outcomes occurred;in addition, the situation was not favorable at home with several losses of loved ones, as well as a poor economy that threatened students to give up studies. Conclusion: Emotions facing this new normality are very important and should be attended to, their proper handling will result in a new learning of socio-emotional abilities, stress coping strategies development, better adaptation and informed decisions taken.展开更多
I first met Constantine Dafermos in August 1974, at a meeting at Brown University, where I was invited because my former advisor （Jacques-Louis LIONS） could not come, and he had proposed my name. I was happily surpr...I first met Constantine Dafermos in August 1974, at a meeting at Brown University, where I was invited because my former advisor （Jacques-Louis LIONS） could not come, and he had proposed my name. I was happily surprised that Constantine greeted me as if he knew me well, and since for many years now I have considered him as if he was an older brother, I wonder when this feeling started.展开更多
Epitranscriptomic chemical modifications of RNAs have emerged as potent regulatory mechanisms in the process of plant stress adaptation.Currently,over 170 distinct chemical modifications have been identified in mRNAs,...Epitranscriptomic chemical modifications of RNAs have emerged as potent regulatory mechanisms in the process of plant stress adaptation.Currently,over 170 distinct chemical modifications have been identified in mRNAs,tRNAs,rRNAs,microRNAs(miRNAs),and long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs).Genetic and molec-ular studies have identified the genes responsible for addition and removal of chemical modifications from RNA molecules,which are known as"writers"and"erasers,"respectively.N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is the most prevalent chemical modification identified in eukaryotic mRNAs.Recent studies have identified m6 A writers and erasers across different plant species,including Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana),rice(Oryza sativa),cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum).Accumulating discoveries have improved our understanding of the functions of RNA modifications in plant stress responses.This review highlights the latest research on RNA modification,emphasizing the biological and cellular roles of diverse chemical modifications of mRNAs,tRNAs,rRNAs,miRNAs,and lncRNAs in plant responses to environ-mental and hormonal signals.We also propose and discuss critical questions and future challenges for enhancing our understanding of the cellular and mechanistic roles of RNA modifications in plant stress re-sponses.Integrating molecular insights into the regulatory roles of RNA modifications in stress responses with novel genome-and RNA-editing technologies will facilitate the breeding of stress-tolerant crops through precise engineering of RNA modifications.展开更多
Leaf color mutants (LCMs) provide crucial insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying chloroplast development,photo synthesis,and stre ss adaptation.In this study,we identified a temperature-sensitive albino mu...Leaf color mutants (LCMs) provide crucial insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying chloroplast development,photo synthesis,and stre ss adaptation.In this study,we identified a temperature-sensitive albino mutant,tsa4,characterized by an albino phenotype at the seedling stage and abnormal chloroplast development at temperatures below 25℃.展开更多
Antarctic ice-free areas(<0.4%of the continent)represent Antarctic biodiversity oases,where microbial communities sustain terrestrial ecosystem functions.These habitats-encompassing mineral,ornithogenic soils,biolo...Antarctic ice-free areas(<0.4%of the continent)represent Antarctic biodiversity oases,where microbial communities sustain terrestrial ecosystem functions.These habitats-encompassing mineral,ornithogenic soils,biological soil crusts,and hypolithic/endolithic niches-are shaped by environmental factors such as pH,organic C/N ratios,moisture,elevation,and trace element availability.The diversity of prokaryotes,eukaryotes,and viruses is lower than in other regions,yet the communities exhibit strong endemism,with site-specific uncultivated lineages.Microorganisms persist through cold and stress adaptations,performing organic carbon decomposition,phototrophy,and oxidation of trace gases to drive carbon and nitrogen cycling in various Antarctic soil habitats.Climate change and anthropogenic disturbances are shifting communities toward copiotrophic generalists,altering elementary cycling and feeding back to climate change.Culturation and genomic-based techniques reveal novel microbial taxa with broad biotechnological potentials on bioactive compounds and cryotolerant enzymes.In summary,this review offers a foundation for exploring Antarctic microbial biodiversity,ecosystem resilience,and the development of novel biotechnologies,while also highlighting the urgent need for effective monitoring and preservation strategies to mitigate the impacts of ongoing environmental changes on Antarctic soil ecosystems.展开更多
This study explores the mucin-adhesive properties and the proteomic changes in L.reuteri DPC16 co-encapsulated with Cyclocarya paliurus(CP)leaf extracts by hempseed protein isolate.The mucin adhesion ability of L.reut...This study explores the mucin-adhesive properties and the proteomic changes in L.reuteri DPC16 co-encapsulated with Cyclocarya paliurus(CP)leaf extracts by hempseed protein isolate.The mucin adhesion ability of L.reuteri DPC16 was assessed and visualized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Novel microcapsules containing L.reuteri DPC16 and CP leaf extracts were subjected to sequential simulated gastrointestinal conditions,including gastric,duodenal,and ileal phases,with corresponding pH adjustments and digestive enzymes.Surface proteins from L.reuteri DPC16 were extracted at each stage,separated by SDS-PAGE,and analyzed using LC-ESI-MS/MS to identify and quantify differentially expressed proteins.Over 200 surface proteins were identified,with significant upregulation of stress-responsive proteins such as heat shock proteins and enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis.These,along with proteins associated with metabolic pathways,contributed to the stability and activity of the probiotic under gastrointestinal conditions.CP leaf extracts further enhanced oxidative stress resistance and modulated protein expression to boost probiotic efficacy.Notably,increased expression of mucosal adhesion-related proteins,including mucus-binding and moonlighting-binding proteins,suggested an enhanced ability of L.reuteri DPC16 to colonize the gut.Proteomic analysis provided comprehensive insights into the molecular dynamics of L.reuteri DPC16,uncovering its adaptive mechanisms and functional potential in diverse environments.These findings highlight the value of protein markers in validating the health-promoting properties of L.reuteri DPC16,supporting its application in functional foods and therapeutic supplements.展开更多
The genetic basis for bivalves＇ adaptation and evolution is not well understood. Even few studies have focused on the mechanism of molluscan molecular evolution between the coastal intertidal zone and deep-sea enviro...The genetic basis for bivalves＇ adaptation and evolution is not well understood. Even few studies have focused on the mechanism of molluscan molecular evolution between the coastal intertidal zone and deep-sea environment.In our studies, we first conducted the transcritpome assembly of Modiolus modiolus mussels living in coastal intertidal zones. Also, we conducted transcriptome comparison analyses between M. modiolus and Bathymodiolus platifrons living in hydrothermal vents and cold methane/sulfide-hydrocarbon seeps. De novo assemblies of the clean reads yielded a total of 182 476 and 156 261 transcripts with N50 values of 1 769 and 1 545 in M. modiolus and B. platifrons. A total of 27 868 and 23 588 unigenes were identified, which also displayed the similar GO representation patterns. Among the 10 245 pairs of putative orthologs, we identified 26 protein-coding genes under strong positive selection（Ka/Ks〉1） and 12 genes showing moderate positive selection（0.5展开更多
A first order system model is proposed for simulating the influence of stress stimulation on fracture strength during fracture healing. To validate the model, the diaphyses of bilateral tibiae in 70 New Zealand rabbit...A first order system model is proposed for simulating the influence of stress stimulation on fracture strength during fracture healing. To validate the model, the diaphyses of bilateral tibiae in 70 New Zealand rabbits were osteotomized and fixed with rigid plates and stress-relaxation plates, respectively. Stress shielding rate and ultimate bending strength of the healing bone were measured at 2 to 48 weeks postoperatively. Ratios of stress stimulation and fracture strength of the healing bone to those of intact bone were taken as the system input and output. The assumed first order system model can approximate the experimental data on fracture strength from the input of stress stimulation over time, both for the rigid plate group and the stress-relaxation plate group, with different system parameters of time constant and gain. The fitting curve indicates that the effect of mechanical stimulus occurs mainly in late stages of healing. First order system can model the stress adaptation process of fracture healing. This approach presents a simple bio-mathematical model of the relationship between stress stimulation and fracture strength, and has the potential to optimize planning of functional exercises and conduct parametric studies.展开更多
Plants,as sessile organisms,must adapt to a range of abiotic stresses,including drought,salinity,heat,and cold,which are increasingly exacerbated by climate change.These stresses significantly impact crop productivity...Plants,as sessile organisms,must adapt to a range of abiotic stresses,including drought,salinity,heat,and cold,which are increasingly exacerbated by climate change.These stresses significantly impact crop productivity,posing challenges for sustainable agriculture and food security.Recent advances in omics studies and genetics have shed light on molecular mechanisms underlying plant stress responses,including the role of calcium(Ca^(2+))signaling,liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS),and cell wall-associated sensors in detecting and responding to environmental changes.However,gaps remain in understanding how rapid stress signaling is integrated with slower,adaptive processes.Emerging evidence also highlights crosstalk between abiotic stress responses,plant immunity,and growth regulation,mediated by key components such as RAF-SnRK2 kinase cascades,DELLA proteins,etc.Strategies to enhance crop stress resistance without compromising yield include introducing beneficial alleles,spatiotemporal optimization of stress responses,and decoupling stress signaling from growth inhibition.This review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and innovative technologies to bridge fundamental research and practical agricultural applications,aiming to develop resilient crops for sustainable food production in an era of escalating environmental challenges.展开更多
Much has been learned about how plants acclimate to stressful environments,but the molecular basis of stress adaptation and the potential involvement of epigenetic regulation remain poorly understood.Here,we examined ...Much has been learned about how plants acclimate to stressful environments,but the molecular basis of stress adaptation and the potential involvement of epigenetic regulation remain poorly understood.Here,we examined if salt stress induces mutagenesis in suspension cultured plant cells and if DNA methylation affects the mutagenesis using whole genome resequencing analysis.We generated suspension cell cultures from two Arabidopsis DNA methylation-deficient mutants and wild-type plants,and subjected the cultured cells to stepwise increases in salt stress intensity over 40 culture cycles.We show that ddc(drm1 drm2 cmt3)mutant cells can adapt to grow in 175 mM NaCl-containing growth medium and exhibit higher adaptability compared to wild type Col-0 and nrpe1 cells,which can adapt to grow in only 125mM NaCl-containing growth medium.Salt treated nrpe1 and ddc cells but not wild type cells accumulate more mutations compared with their respective untreated cells.There is no enrichment of stress responsive genes in the list of mutated genes in salt treated cells compared to the list of mutated genes in untreated cells.Our results suggest that DNA methylation prevents the induction of mutagenesis by salt stress in plant cells during stress adaptation.展开更多
As sessile organisms,plants constantly face a variety of abiotic stresses,such as drought,salinity,and metal/metalloid toxicity,all of which possess significant threats to plant growth and yield potential.Improving pl...As sessile organisms,plants constantly face a variety of abiotic stresses,such as drought,salinity,and metal/metalloid toxicity,all of which possess significant threats to plant growth and yield potential.Improving plant resilience to such abiotic stresses bears paramount importance in practicing sustainable agriculture worldwide.Acetic acid/acetate has been recognized as an important metabolite with multifaceted roles in regulating plant adaptation to diverse abiotic stresses.Recent studies have elucidated that acetic acid can potentiate plants’inherent mechanisms to withstand the adverse effects of abiotic stresses through the regulation of lipid metabolism,hormone signaling,epigenetic changes,and physiological defense mechanisms.Numerous studies also underpin the potential use of acetic acid in boosting crop production under unfavorable environmental conditions.This review provides a comprehensive update on the understanding of how acetic acid regulates plant photosynthesis,acts as an antitranspirant,detoxifies reactive oxygen species to alleviate oxidative stress,interacts with phytohormones to regulate physiological processes,and improves soil fertility and microbial diversity,with a specific focus on drought,salinity,and metal toxicity.We also highlight the eco-friendly and economic potential of acetic acid that may attract farmers from developing countries to harness the benefits of acetic acid application for boosting abiotic stress resistance in crops.Given that acetic acid is a widely accessible,inexpensive,and eco-friendly compound,the revelation of acetic acid-mediated regulatory pathways and its crosstalk with other signaling molecules will have significant importance in developing a sustainable strategy for mitigating abiotic stresses in crops.展开更多
Moderate stimuli in mitochondria improve wideranging stress adaptability in animals, but whether mitochondria play similar roles in plants is largely unknown. Here, we report the enhanced stress adaptability of S-type...Moderate stimuli in mitochondria improve wideranging stress adaptability in animals, but whether mitochondria play similar roles in plants is largely unknown. Here, we report the enhanced stress adaptability of S-type cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS-S) maize and its association with mild expression of sterilizing gene ORF355. A CMS-S maize line exhibited superior growth potential and higher yield than those of the near-isogenic N-type line in saline fields. Moderate expression of ORF355 induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activated the cellular antioxidative defense system. This adaptive response was mediated by elevation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentration and associated metabolic homeostasis. Metabolome analysis revealed broad metabolic changes in CMS-S lines, even in the absence of salinity stress. Metabolic products associated with amino acid metabolism and galactose metabolism were substantially changed, which underpinned the alteration of the antioxidative defense system in CMS-S plants. The results reveal the ORF355-mediated superior stress adaptability in CMS-S maize and might provide an important route to developing salt-tolerant maize varieties.展开更多
Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of plant-specific steroidal hormones,play crucial roles in regulating various plant physiological functions,such as growth,development,and adaptability to the environment.Despite this bro...Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of plant-specific steroidal hormones,play crucial roles in regulating various plant physiological functions,such as growth,development,and adaptability to the environment.Despite this broader role of BRs,previously published reviews mainly focused on the molecular mechanisms of BR-mediated regulation of vegetative and reproductive growth of model plants like Arabidopsis and some food crops,such as rice,maize,and wheat.While horticultural plants hold significant economic importance in modern agriculture,less attention has been paid to understanding the role of BRs in regulating the physiological functions of these plants.Given the lack of relevant reviews,this article aims to discuss the major roles of BRs in horticultural plants,particularly fruit and leaf development,whole plant architecture,and adaptive stress response.We also highlight key challenges and provide some future research directions for genetically improving horticultural plants by altering the BR signaling pathway.展开更多
Organelle positioning is a key component in orchestrating cell metabolism in response to metabolic needs and for stress adaptation.Recently,using mutants and drugs to target the cytoskeleton,photosynthesis,respiration...Organelle positioning is a key component in orchestrating cell metabolism in response to metabolic needs and for stress adaptation.Recently,using mutants and drugs to target the cytoskeleton,photosynthesis,respiration,and transcription,Findinier et al.展开更多
Adaptation to compound environmental stress is fundamental to plant survival.The phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA)serves as a central regulator of both biotic and abiotic stress responses(Lee and Luan,2012).Following en...Adaptation to compound environmental stress is fundamental to plant survival.The phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA)serves as a central regulator of both biotic and abiotic stress responses(Lee and Luan,2012).Following environmental challenges,rapid ABA biosynthesis activates receptor-mediated signaling cascades,driving transcriptional reprogramming and post-translational modifications for stress adaptation(Cutler et al.,2010).Consequently,ABA perception constitutes a critical regulatory step.Recently,a landmark study by Ma et al.(2025)demonstrated that NRT1.1B(NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1.1B),beyond its canonical role as a nitrate transceptor(transporter and receptor)(Tsay et al.,1993;Ho et al.,2009;Hu et al.,2015),also functions as an ABA receptor.This bifunctional protein thus forms a competitive signaling hub in which nitrate and ABA act as competing ligands.Binding of nitrate or ABA to NRT1.1B triggers distinct downstream signaling outputs,enabling plants to dynamically prioritize nutrient acquisition or stress defense programs(Figure 1).展开更多
The Casparian strip(CS)is a lignin-based apoplastic barrier in plant roots that plays a critical role in selective nutrient uptake.Beyond its barrier function,emerging research reveals that the CS serves as a central ...The Casparian strip(CS)is a lignin-based apoplastic barrier in plant roots that plays a critical role in selective nutrient uptake.Beyond its barrier function,emerging research reveals that the CS serves as a central hub for coordinating nutrient signaling,stress adaptation,and symbiotic interactions,presenting a promising target for engineering crops with enhanced resilience and productivity.展开更多
Micro RNAs（mi RNAs） are small non-coding RNAs that are important in regulating metabolic stress. In this study, we determined the expression and structural characteristics of 20 mi RNAs in brown（BAT） and white adi...Micro RNAs（mi RNAs） are small non-coding RNAs that are important in regulating metabolic stress. In this study, we determined the expression and structural characteristics of 20 mi RNAs in brown（BAT） and white adipose tissue（WAT） during torpor in thirteen-lined ground squirrels. Using a modified stem-loop technique, we found that during torpor, expression of six mi RNAs including let-7a, let-7b, mi R-107, mi R-150, mi R-222 and mi R-31 was significantly downregulated in WAT（P 〈 0.05）, which was 16%–54% of euthermic non-torpid control squirrels,whereas expression of three mi RNAs including mi R-143, mi R-200 a and mi R-519 d was found to be upregulated by 1.32–2.34-fold. Similarly, expression of more mi RNAs was downregulated in BAT during torpor. We detected reduced expression of 6 mi RNAs including mi R-103 a, mi R-107, mi R-125 b, mi R-21, mi R-221 and mi R-31（48%–70% of control）, while only expression of mi R-138 was significantly upregulated（2.91 ± 0.8-fold of the control, P 〈 0.05）. Interestingly,mi RNAs found to be downregulated in WAT during torpor were similar to those dysregulated in obese humans for increased adipogenesis, whereas mi RNAs with altered expression in BAT during torpor were linked to mitochondrial b-oxidation. mi RPath target prediction analysis showed that mi RNAs downregulated in both WAT and BAT were associated with the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） signaling, while the mi RNAs upregulated in WAT were linked to transforming growth factor b（TGFb） signaling. Compared to mouse sequences, no unique nucleotide substitutions within the stem-loop region were discovered for the associated pre-mi RNAs for the mi RNAs used in this study, suggesting no structure-influenced changes in pre-mi RNA processing efficiency in the squirrel. As well, the expression of mi RNA processingenzyme Dicer remained unchanged in both tissues during torpor. Overall, our findings suggest that changes of mi RNA expression in adipose tissues may be linked to distinct biological roles in WAT and BAT during hibernation and may involve the regulation of signaling cascades.展开更多
Belgica antarctica(Diptera:Chironomidae),a brachypterous midge endemicto the maritime Antarctic,was first described in 1900.Over more than a century of study,a vast amount of information has been compiled on the speci...Belgica antarctica(Diptera:Chironomidae),a brachypterous midge endemicto the maritime Antarctic,was first described in 1900.Over more than a century of study,a vast amount of information has been compiled on the species(3750000 Google searchresults as of January 10,2021),encompassing its ecology and biology,life cycle and re-production,polytene chromosomes,physiology,biochemistry and,increasingly,omics.In2014,B.antarctica’s genome was sequenced,further boosting research.Certain develop-mental stages can be cultured successfully in the laboratory.Taken together,this wealthof information allows the species to be viewed as a natural model organism for studies ofadaptation and function in extreme environments.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFD0201202 and 2017YFD0201108)the Agri-X Interdisciplinary Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (Agri-X2017010)+1 种基金the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology, China (19390743300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31200003)
文摘Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)has been well documented as a driving force in the evolution of bacteria.It has been shown that a horizontally acquired gene,xoc_2868,involved in the global response against oxidative stress and pathogenicity of Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola strain BLS256.However,as a transcriptional factor(TF),the regulatory mechanism of XOC_2868 has not yet been revealed.Here,evolutionary analysis suggested XOC_2868 might be co-transferred with its physically proximate downstream genes from a Burkholderiaceae ancestor.Interestingly,RNA-seq data of wild-type(BLS256)andΔxoc_2868 strains under oxidative stress showed that XOC_2868 did not regulate the expression of its adjacent genes,but remarkably influenced the expression of several genes involved in the extracellular polysaccharide(EPS)production and xanthan biosynthesis.Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequence(ChIP-seq)combined with transcriptome analysis revealed that XOC_2868 directly regulates a cydAB operon,encoding two subunits of cytochrome bd oxidase and involved in redox balance.Consistent withΔxoc_2868 strain,cydA-and cydAB-knockout mutants also showed a higher sensitivity to H_(2)O_(2)along with a reduced bacterial virulence compared with the wild-type strain.Overall,our findings raise the possibility of regulatory circuit evolution shaped by HGT and driven by selection and reveal a novel regulatory pathway that regulates the expression of cytochrome bd oxidase and thus contributes to the virulence of BLS256.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.32030005).
文摘Four distinct types of sulfated peptides have been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana.These peptides play crucial roles in regulating plant development and stress adaptation.Recent studies have revealed that Xan-thomonas and Meloidogyne can secrete plant-like sulfated peptides,exploiting the plant sulfated peptide signaling pathway to suppress plant immunity.Over the past three decades,receptors for these four types of sulfated peptides have been identified,all of which belong to the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase subfamily.A number of regulatory proteins have been demonstrated to play important roles in their corresponding signal transduction pathways.In this review,we comprehensively summarize the discov-eries of sulfated peptides and their receptors,mainly in Arabidopsis thaliana.We also discuss their known biological functions in plant development and stress adaptation.Finally,we put forward a number of ques-tions for reference in future studies.
文摘Background: New normality is uncertain in every sense, specifically in education and for many health disciplines. Being immersed in COVID-19 pandemics brought serious consequences for mental health, and is very important to handle emotions and stress coping strategies to obtain positive outcomes. Objective: To identify the most frequent emotions, as well as the adaptation strategies to the new normality faced by the students of nursing. Methods: Qualitative and phenomenological research, with the participation of 20 students from both genders in the middle term of nursing career at Faculty of Higher Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico, from August to November 2021. Information was collected from a focal group for ten sessions;analysis was according to De Souza Minayo, and there was a signed informed consent letter from participants. Results: Four categories emerged with sub-categories. Category I Maximized emotions. Sub-categories: 1) Frustration, anger, disappointment;2) Personal disappointment, hopelessness, uncertainty;3) Depression. Category II Support elements close to the new normality. Sub-categories: 1) Family communication;2) Education for mental and physical health. Category III Stressing situations that exceeded the student. Sub-category: Disease in lovely ones. Category IV Stress coping strategies. Sub-categories: 1) Friends and relatives that help to get better;2) Family values. Informers pointed out to have maximized emotion, and having no self-control on its negative outcomes occurred;in addition, the situation was not favorable at home with several losses of loved ones, as well as a poor economy that threatened students to give up studies. Conclusion: Emotions facing this new normality are very important and should be attended to, their proper handling will result in a new learning of socio-emotional abilities, stress coping strategies development, better adaptation and informed decisions taken.
文摘I first met Constantine Dafermos in August 1974, at a meeting at Brown University, where I was invited because my former advisor （Jacques-Louis LIONS） could not come, and he had proposed my name. I was happily surprised that Constantine greeted me as if he knew me well, and since for many years now I have considered him as if he was an older brother, I wonder when this feeling started.
基金supported by the Mid-Career Researcher Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT,and Future Planning(NRF-2021R1A2C1004187)Republic of Korea+3 种基金the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Province(2024)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(grant NoBK20241054)the Program of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(23KJB550004)the High-Level Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talents Introduction Program of Jiangsu Province of China(JSSCBS20230419).
文摘Epitranscriptomic chemical modifications of RNAs have emerged as potent regulatory mechanisms in the process of plant stress adaptation.Currently,over 170 distinct chemical modifications have been identified in mRNAs,tRNAs,rRNAs,microRNAs(miRNAs),and long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs).Genetic and molec-ular studies have identified the genes responsible for addition and removal of chemical modifications from RNA molecules,which are known as"writers"and"erasers,"respectively.N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)is the most prevalent chemical modification identified in eukaryotic mRNAs.Recent studies have identified m6 A writers and erasers across different plant species,including Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana),rice(Oryza sativa),cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),and tomato(Solanum lycopersicum).Accumulating discoveries have improved our understanding of the functions of RNA modifications in plant stress responses.This review highlights the latest research on RNA modification,emphasizing the biological and cellular roles of diverse chemical modifications of mRNAs,tRNAs,rRNAs,miRNAs,and lncRNAs in plant responses to environ-mental and hormonal signals.We also propose and discuss critical questions and future challenges for enhancing our understanding of the cellular and mechanistic roles of RNA modifications in plant stress re-sponses.Integrating molecular insights into the regulatory roles of RNA modifications in stress responses with novel genome-and RNA-editing technologies will facilitate the breeding of stress-tolerant crops through precise engineering of RNA modifications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32341026 and 32171998)the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Innovation Program,China(Grant No.2023NK1010)the Changsha Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.20209001).
文摘Leaf color mutants (LCMs) provide crucial insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying chloroplast development,photo synthesis,and stre ss adaptation.In this study,we identified a temperature-sensitive albino mutant,tsa4,characterized by an albino phenotype at the seedling stage and abnormal chloroplast development at temperatures below 25℃.
基金supported by the Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Polar Science(Grant no.SOO2024-04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.42476264)Lanzhou University(Grant no.lzuibky-2024-oy01).
文摘Antarctic ice-free areas(<0.4%of the continent)represent Antarctic biodiversity oases,where microbial communities sustain terrestrial ecosystem functions.These habitats-encompassing mineral,ornithogenic soils,biological soil crusts,and hypolithic/endolithic niches-are shaped by environmental factors such as pH,organic C/N ratios,moisture,elevation,and trace element availability.The diversity of prokaryotes,eukaryotes,and viruses is lower than in other regions,yet the communities exhibit strong endemism,with site-specific uncultivated lineages.Microorganisms persist through cold and stress adaptations,performing organic carbon decomposition,phototrophy,and oxidation of trace gases to drive carbon and nitrogen cycling in various Antarctic soil habitats.Climate change and anthropogenic disturbances are shifting communities toward copiotrophic generalists,altering elementary cycling and feeding back to climate change.Culturation and genomic-based techniques reveal novel microbial taxa with broad biotechnological potentials on bioactive compounds and cryotolerant enzymes.In summary,this review offers a foundation for exploring Antarctic microbial biodiversity,ecosystem resilience,and the development of novel biotechnologies,while also highlighting the urgent need for effective monitoring and preservation strategies to mitigate the impacts of ongoing environmental changes on Antarctic soil ecosystems.
基金supported by the University of Auckland(Press Ac-count No.9448-UOA-LLAU468)a research grant from Riddet Institute,New Zealand Centre of Research Excellence(project no.9146/3725658)to S.Y.Q.
文摘This study explores the mucin-adhesive properties and the proteomic changes in L.reuteri DPC16 co-encapsulated with Cyclocarya paliurus(CP)leaf extracts by hempseed protein isolate.The mucin adhesion ability of L.reuteri DPC16 was assessed and visualized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).Novel microcapsules containing L.reuteri DPC16 and CP leaf extracts were subjected to sequential simulated gastrointestinal conditions,including gastric,duodenal,and ileal phases,with corresponding pH adjustments and digestive enzymes.Surface proteins from L.reuteri DPC16 were extracted at each stage,separated by SDS-PAGE,and analyzed using LC-ESI-MS/MS to identify and quantify differentially expressed proteins.Over 200 surface proteins were identified,with significant upregulation of stress-responsive proteins such as heat shock proteins and enzymes involved in cell wall synthesis.These,along with proteins associated with metabolic pathways,contributed to the stability and activity of the probiotic under gastrointestinal conditions.CP leaf extracts further enhanced oxidative stress resistance and modulated protein expression to boost probiotic efficacy.Notably,increased expression of mucosal adhesion-related proteins,including mucus-binding and moonlighting-binding proteins,suggested an enhanced ability of L.reuteri DPC16 to colonize the gut.Proteomic analysis provided comprehensive insights into the molecular dynamics of L.reuteri DPC16,uncovering its adaptive mechanisms and functional potential in diverse environments.These findings highlight the value of protein markers in validating the health-promoting properties of L.reuteri DPC16,supporting its application in functional foods and therapeutic supplements.
基金The Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No.XDB06010101the Technological Innovation Project financially supported by Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology under contract No.2015ASKJ02-03+3 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China under contract No.ZR2016DQ13the Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System under contract No.CARS-48the Taishan Scholars Climbing Program of Shandongthe project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘The genetic basis for bivalves＇ adaptation and evolution is not well understood. Even few studies have focused on the mechanism of molluscan molecular evolution between the coastal intertidal zone and deep-sea environment.In our studies, we first conducted the transcritpome assembly of Modiolus modiolus mussels living in coastal intertidal zones. Also, we conducted transcriptome comparison analyses between M. modiolus and Bathymodiolus platifrons living in hydrothermal vents and cold methane/sulfide-hydrocarbon seeps. De novo assemblies of the clean reads yielded a total of 182 476 and 156 261 transcripts with N50 values of 1 769 and 1 545 in M. modiolus and B. platifrons. A total of 27 868 and 23 588 unigenes were identified, which also displayed the similar GO representation patterns. Among the 10 245 pairs of putative orthologs, we identified 26 protein-coding genes under strong positive selection（Ka/Ks〉1） and 12 genes showing moderate positive selection（0.5
基金Project (No. 39470698) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A first order system model is proposed for simulating the influence of stress stimulation on fracture strength during fracture healing. To validate the model, the diaphyses of bilateral tibiae in 70 New Zealand rabbits were osteotomized and fixed with rigid plates and stress-relaxation plates, respectively. Stress shielding rate and ultimate bending strength of the healing bone were measured at 2 to 48 weeks postoperatively. Ratios of stress stimulation and fracture strength of the healing bone to those of intact bone were taken as the system input and output. The assumed first order system model can approximate the experimental data on fracture strength from the input of stress stimulation over time, both for the rigid plate group and the stress-relaxation plate group, with different system parameters of time constant and gain. The fitting curve indicates that the effect of mechanical stimulus occurs mainly in late stages of healing. First order system can model the stress adaptation process of fracture healing. This approach presents a simple bio-mathematical model of the relationship between stress stimulation and fracture strength, and has the potential to optimize planning of functional exercises and conduct parametric studies.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant 2021YFA1300400(to H.Z.,Z.L.,P.W.,and J.K.Z).
文摘Plants,as sessile organisms,must adapt to a range of abiotic stresses,including drought,salinity,heat,and cold,which are increasingly exacerbated by climate change.These stresses significantly impact crop productivity,posing challenges for sustainable agriculture and food security.Recent advances in omics studies and genetics have shed light on molecular mechanisms underlying plant stress responses,including the role of calcium(Ca^(2+))signaling,liquid-liquid phase separation(LLPS),and cell wall-associated sensors in detecting and responding to environmental changes.However,gaps remain in understanding how rapid stress signaling is integrated with slower,adaptive processes.Emerging evidence also highlights crosstalk between abiotic stress responses,plant immunity,and growth regulation,mediated by key components such as RAF-SnRK2 kinase cascades,DELLA proteins,etc.Strategies to enhance crop stress resistance without compromising yield include introducing beneficial alleles,spatiotemporal optimization of stress responses,and decoupling stress signaling from growth inhibition.This review emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary approaches and innovative technologies to bridge fundamental research and practical agricultural applications,aiming to develop resilient crops for sustainable food production in an era of escalating environmental challenges.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program to J.-K.Z.(Grant No.XDB27040101)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to X.Z.(Grant No.31872807).
文摘Much has been learned about how plants acclimate to stressful environments,but the molecular basis of stress adaptation and the potential involvement of epigenetic regulation remain poorly understood.Here,we examined if salt stress induces mutagenesis in suspension cultured plant cells and if DNA methylation affects the mutagenesis using whole genome resequencing analysis.We generated suspension cell cultures from two Arabidopsis DNA methylation-deficient mutants and wild-type plants,and subjected the cultured cells to stepwise increases in salt stress intensity over 40 culture cycles.We show that ddc(drm1 drm2 cmt3)mutant cells can adapt to grow in 175 mM NaCl-containing growth medium and exhibit higher adaptability compared to wild type Col-0 and nrpe1 cells,which can adapt to grow in only 125mM NaCl-containing growth medium.Salt treated nrpe1 and ddc cells but not wild type cells accumulate more mutations compared with their respective untreated cells.There is no enrichment of stress responsive genes in the list of mutated genes in salt treated cells compared to the list of mutated genes in untreated cells.Our results suggest that DNA methylation prevents the induction of mutagenesis by salt stress in plant cells during stress adaptation.
文摘As sessile organisms,plants constantly face a variety of abiotic stresses,such as drought,salinity,and metal/metalloid toxicity,all of which possess significant threats to plant growth and yield potential.Improving plant resilience to such abiotic stresses bears paramount importance in practicing sustainable agriculture worldwide.Acetic acid/acetate has been recognized as an important metabolite with multifaceted roles in regulating plant adaptation to diverse abiotic stresses.Recent studies have elucidated that acetic acid can potentiate plants’inherent mechanisms to withstand the adverse effects of abiotic stresses through the regulation of lipid metabolism,hormone signaling,epigenetic changes,and physiological defense mechanisms.Numerous studies also underpin the potential use of acetic acid in boosting crop production under unfavorable environmental conditions.This review provides a comprehensive update on the understanding of how acetic acid regulates plant photosynthesis,acts as an antitranspirant,detoxifies reactive oxygen species to alleviate oxidative stress,interacts with phytohormones to regulate physiological processes,and improves soil fertility and microbial diversity,with a specific focus on drought,salinity,and metal toxicity.We also highlight the eco-friendly and economic potential of acetic acid that may attract farmers from developing countries to harness the benefits of acetic acid application for boosting abiotic stress resistance in crops.Given that acetic acid is a widely accessible,inexpensive,and eco-friendly compound,the revelation of acetic acid-mediated regulatory pathways and its crosstalk with other signaling molecules will have significant importance in developing a sustainable strategy for mitigating abiotic stresses in crops.
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Scholars Program (BSP041)Youth Research Fund (QNJJ202128) of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesScience and Technology Xing Meng Action Focus Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (KJXM2020001)。
文摘Moderate stimuli in mitochondria improve wideranging stress adaptability in animals, but whether mitochondria play similar roles in plants is largely unknown. Here, we report the enhanced stress adaptability of S-type cytoplasmic male sterility(CMS-S) maize and its association with mild expression of sterilizing gene ORF355. A CMS-S maize line exhibited superior growth potential and higher yield than those of the near-isogenic N-type line in saline fields. Moderate expression of ORF355 induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activated the cellular antioxidative defense system. This adaptive response was mediated by elevation of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide concentration and associated metabolic homeostasis. Metabolome analysis revealed broad metabolic changes in CMS-S lines, even in the absence of salinity stress. Metabolic products associated with amino acid metabolism and galactose metabolism were substantially changed, which underpinned the alteration of the antioxidative defense system in CMS-S plants. The results reveal the ORF355-mediated superior stress adaptability in CMS-S maize and might provide an important route to developing salt-tolerant maize varieties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grants 32030005,32470325,32400288)GuangDong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant 2023A1515110339)internal funding from Guangzhou University.
文摘Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of plant-specific steroidal hormones,play crucial roles in regulating various plant physiological functions,such as growth,development,and adaptability to the environment.Despite this broader role of BRs,previously published reviews mainly focused on the molecular mechanisms of BR-mediated regulation of vegetative and reproductive growth of model plants like Arabidopsis and some food crops,such as rice,maize,and wheat.While horticultural plants hold significant economic importance in modern agriculture,less attention has been paid to understanding the role of BRs in regulating the physiological functions of these plants.Given the lack of relevant reviews,this article aims to discuss the major roles of BRs in horticultural plants,particularly fruit and leaf development,whole plant architecture,and adaptive stress response.We also highlight key challenges and provide some future research directions for genetically improving horticultural plants by altering the BR signaling pathway.
基金supported by funding from the Deutsche Forschungsge-meinschaft(DFG)under project no.508398975/Fe.
文摘Organelle positioning is a key component in orchestrating cell metabolism in response to metabolic needs and for stress adaptation.Recently,using mutants and drugs to target the cytoskeleton,photosynthesis,respiration,and transcription,Findinier et al.
文摘Adaptation to compound environmental stress is fundamental to plant survival.The phytohormone abscisic acid(ABA)serves as a central regulator of both biotic and abiotic stress responses(Lee and Luan,2012).Following environmental challenges,rapid ABA biosynthesis activates receptor-mediated signaling cascades,driving transcriptional reprogramming and post-translational modifications for stress adaptation(Cutler et al.,2010).Consequently,ABA perception constitutes a critical regulatory step.Recently,a landmark study by Ma et al.(2025)demonstrated that NRT1.1B(NITRATE TRANSPORTER 1.1B),beyond its canonical role as a nitrate transceptor(transporter and receptor)(Tsay et al.,1993;Ho et al.,2009;Hu et al.,2015),also functions as an ABA receptor.This bifunctional protein thus forms a competitive signaling hub in which nitrate and ABA act as competing ligands.Binding of nitrate or ABA to NRT1.1B triggers distinct downstream signaling outputs,enabling plants to dynamically prioritize nutrient acquisition or stress defense programs(Figure 1).
基金Sofja Kovalevskaja program at the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation(T.G.A.)Max Planck Society(T.G.A.)+1 种基金Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft(DFG,German Research Foundation)under Germany's Excellence Strategy-EXC-2048/1-project ID 390686111(T.G.A.)Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst(S.M.).
文摘The Casparian strip(CS)is a lignin-based apoplastic barrier in plant roots that plays a critical role in selective nutrient uptake.Beyond its barrier function,emerging research reveals that the CS serves as a central hub for coordinating nutrient signaling,stress adaptation,and symbiotic interactions,presenting a promising target for engineering crops with enhanced resilience and productivity.
基金supported by a Discovery grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada (Grant No. 6793)supported by the NSERC postgraduate fellowships
文摘Micro RNAs（mi RNAs） are small non-coding RNAs that are important in regulating metabolic stress. In this study, we determined the expression and structural characteristics of 20 mi RNAs in brown（BAT） and white adipose tissue（WAT） during torpor in thirteen-lined ground squirrels. Using a modified stem-loop technique, we found that during torpor, expression of six mi RNAs including let-7a, let-7b, mi R-107, mi R-150, mi R-222 and mi R-31 was significantly downregulated in WAT（P 〈 0.05）, which was 16%–54% of euthermic non-torpid control squirrels,whereas expression of three mi RNAs including mi R-143, mi R-200 a and mi R-519 d was found to be upregulated by 1.32–2.34-fold. Similarly, expression of more mi RNAs was downregulated in BAT during torpor. We detected reduced expression of 6 mi RNAs including mi R-103 a, mi R-107, mi R-125 b, mi R-21, mi R-221 and mi R-31（48%–70% of control）, while only expression of mi R-138 was significantly upregulated（2.91 ± 0.8-fold of the control, P 〈 0.05）. Interestingly,mi RNAs found to be downregulated in WAT during torpor were similar to those dysregulated in obese humans for increased adipogenesis, whereas mi RNAs with altered expression in BAT during torpor were linked to mitochondrial b-oxidation. mi RPath target prediction analysis showed that mi RNAs downregulated in both WAT and BAT were associated with the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase（MAPK） signaling, while the mi RNAs upregulated in WAT were linked to transforming growth factor b（TGFb） signaling. Compared to mouse sequences, no unique nucleotide substitutions within the stem-loop region were discovered for the associated pre-mi RNAs for the mi RNAs used in this study, suggesting no structure-influenced changes in pre-mi RNA processing efficiency in the squirrel. As well, the expression of mi RNA processingenzyme Dicer remained unchanged in both tissues during torpor. Overall, our findings suggest that changes of mi RNA expression in adipose tissues may be linked to distinct biological roles in WAT and BAT during hibernation and may involve the regulation of signaling cascades.
文摘Belgica antarctica(Diptera:Chironomidae),a brachypterous midge endemicto the maritime Antarctic,was first described in 1900.Over more than a century of study,a vast amount of information has been compiled on the species(3750000 Google searchresults as of January 10,2021),encompassing its ecology and biology,life cycle and re-production,polytene chromosomes,physiology,biochemistry and,increasingly,omics.In2014,B.antarctica’s genome was sequenced,further boosting research.Certain develop-mental stages can be cultured successfully in the laboratory.Taken together,this wealthof information allows the species to be viewed as a natural model organism for studies ofadaptation and function in extreme environments.
