In order to carry out comprehensive decision-making of multi-class shared parking measures within a region, a bilevel model assisting decision-making is proposed. The upper level selects parkers＇ average satisfaction...In order to carry out comprehensive decision-making of multi-class shared parking measures within a region, a bilevel model assisting decision-making is proposed. The upper level selects parkers＇ average satisfaction and the violation rate during peak hours as indices in object function, and sets probability distribution models describing dynamic parking demand of each site, the feasibility of shared parking scenarios and occupancy requirements during peak hours of each parking lot as restrictions. The simulation model in the lower level sets up rules to assign each parker in the random parking demand series to the proper parking lot. An iterative method is proposed to confirm the state of each parking lot at the start of formal simulations. Besides, two patterns linking initialization and formal simulation are presented to acquire multiple solutions. The results of the numerical examples indicate the effectiveness of the model and solution methods.展开更多
In today’s rapidly evolving business environment,enterprises face unprecedented competitive pressures and complexities,necessitating efficient and precise strategic decision-making capabilities.Management accounting,...In today’s rapidly evolving business environment,enterprises face unprecedented competitive pressures and complexities,necessitating efficient and precise strategic decision-making capabilities.Management accounting,as the core of internal corporate management,plays a critical role in optimizing resource allocation,long-term planning,and formulating market competition strategies.This paper explores the application of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in management accounting,aiming to analyze the current state of AI in management accounting,examine its role in supporting external strategic decisions,and develop an AI-driven strategic forecasting and analysis model.The findings indicate that AI technology,through its advanced data processing and analytical capabilities,significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of management accounting,optimizes internal resource allocation,and strengthens enterprises’market competitiveness.展开更多
This study examines the empirical feasibility of quantitatively integrating environmental value information into Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA).An analytical framework was established to incorporate environme...This study examines the empirical feasibility of quantitatively integrating environmental value information into Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA).An analytical framework was established to incorporate environmental cost estimates into the SEA process by utilizing ecosystem service unit values provided by the Environmental Valuation Information System(EVIS),a national platform developed to support the evaluation of policies and projects.The framework was applied to a case study involving a multipurpose rural water development project in South Korea.Ecosystem service losses resulting from the project were quantified using biophysical indicators,such as vegetation biomass,forest area,and hydrological functions,and subsequently monetized through the application of the market price method,replacement cost method,and contingent valuation method.The total annual environmental cost was estimated to be approximately KRW 56.18 billion,with the majority attributable to losses in forest conservation and climate regulation services.These findings demonstrate that quantified environmental data can serve as a robust basis for alternative comparison and site evaluation within SEA.The study provides empirical evidence supporting the advancement of SEA from a predominantly procedural tool focused on environmental protection to a more comprehensive sustainability assessment framework that integrates environmental,economic,and social considerations.Furthermore,the results suggest that EVIS-based quantitative information holds potential for broader application in other national evaluation systems,such as preliminary feasibility studies and regulatory impact assessments.展开更多
This paper reviewed the development of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in China, expounded its functions and regional characteristics, and discussed the targets of SEA in the process of urbanization,and the m...This paper reviewed the development of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in China, expounded its functions and regional characteristics, and discussed the targets of SEA in the process of urbanization,and the main assessment indicators, procedures, techniques and methodologies of SEA. It concluded that SEA could be improved by the following recommendations: incorporating SEA in decision-making process, selecting experimental units for SEA trial run, and developing strategic evaluation tools and techniques. SEA can provide appropriate and up-to-date information on the impact of human activity on environment in the process of urbanization, and develop a plan of action targeting implementation of intervention for the rehabilitation and preservation of the ecological stability of a city. Therefore, SEA can be a supporting tool for decision-making toward achieving sustainable development.展开更多
Collision avoidance decision-making models of multiple agents in virtual driving environment are studied. Based on the behavioral characteristics and hierarchical structure of the collision avoidance decision-making i...Collision avoidance decision-making models of multiple agents in virtual driving environment are studied. Based on the behavioral characteristics and hierarchical structure of the collision avoidance decision-making in real life driving, delphi approach and mathematical statistics method are introduced to construct pair-wise comparison judgment matrix of collision avoidance decision choices to each collision situation. Analytic hierarchy process （AHP） is adopted to establish the agents＇ collision avoidance decision-making model. To simulate drivers＇ characteristics, driver factors are added to categorize driving modes into impatient mode, normal mode, and the cautious mode. The results show that this model can simulate human＇s thinking process, and the agents in the virtual environment can deal with collision situations and make decisions to avoid collisions without intervention. The model can also reflect diversity and uncertainly of real life driving behaviors, and solves the multi-objective, multi-choice ranking priority problem in multi-vehicle collision scenarios. This collision avoidance model of multi-agents model is feasible and effective, and can provide richer and closer-to-life virtual scene for driving simulator, reflecting real-life traffic environment more truly, this model can also promote the practicality of driving simulator.展开更多
Upper-lower computer mode is the main architecture design of the amphibious combat simulation system(ACSS)at present.Through continuous improvement of real-time performance,software and hardware infrastructure,the exp...Upper-lower computer mode is the main architecture design of the amphibious combat simulation system(ACSS)at present.Through continuous improvement of real-time performance,software and hardware infrastructure,the exponential growth of operational network data scale is realized,but the availability performance of ACSS declines.The reliability of the working host as the key node has become the bottleneck of the overall availability of network nodes in the ACSS.To optimize the network node architecture of ACSS,this paper presents an effective optimization solution by designing the dual redundancy warm-standby module of the mission computer and I/O port,the algorithm of selecting output path of the mission computer in network nodes,the decision-making algorithm upon the on-duty host and output,and the video output decision-making algorithm upon the upper host.Lastly,the complete process of operational data from the input to output and the opposite is implemented well to guarantee the overall availability of network nodes in the ACSS.It has great advantages of wide applicability,strong reliability and high real-time switching speed.展开更多
Research on strategic voting has mainly focused on electoral system effects but largely neglected the impact of different rationales of coalition formation. Based on a formal model of rational party choice and a simul...Research on strategic voting has mainly focused on electoral system effects but largely neglected the impact of different rationales of coalition formation. Based on a formal model of rational party choice and a simulation study, we systematically investigate this impact and explore the implications. We show that the logic of the underlying coalition formation procedure clearly affects the degree to which the electorate is exposed to strategic incentives regarding the vote choice. The key implications are that sincere voting is more often in the voter’s best interest if parties are policy-seeking and if there is increased uncertainty during the stage of coalition formation. Furthermore, we explore how different types of coalition formation affect strategic incentives across the policy space.展开更多
Predictive control has recently received much attention from researchers. However a challenging problem to be solved is how to tune the parameters of the predictive controller. So far, only few guidelines related to t...Predictive control has recently received much attention from researchers. However a challenging problem to be solved is how to tune the parameters of the predictive controller. So far, only few guidelines related to tuning of the parameters of predictive controllers have been provided in literature. In practice, these parameters are generally off-line determined by the designers' experience. From the point of view of process control, it is difficult to find out the optimal parameters for the control system based on a single quadratic performance index, which is used in the standard predictive control algorithm. The fuzzy decision-making function is investigated in this paper. Firstly, M control actions are achieved by unconstrained predictive control algorithm, and fuzzy goals and fuzzy constraints are then calculated and the global satisfaction degree is obtained by fuzzy inference. Moreover, the weighting coefficient λ in the cost function is tuned using simulation optimization according to the fuzzy criteria.展开更多
Understanding the dynamics of decision making in the right way is an important problem for the management of organizations.In today’s business life organizations are becoming more complex,and the environments they ar...Understanding the dynamics of decision making in the right way is an important problem for the management of organizations.In today’s business life organizations are becoming more complex,and the environments they are operating in,are becoming increasingly uncertain.The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of managerial decision-making process in complex internal and external environments by sharing the results of an empirical study(Onuk,2009).While taking the levels of the organizational structure as one of the important dimensions of complex internal environment,complex external environment is reflected within the study as economic crisis.Using the survey tool developed by Onuk(2009),the empirical study realized in the Turkish organization of a large global company investigated decision-making process to understand how decision-making authority for different types of decisions,identified as strategic,tactical,and operational level decisions,was distributed throughout the organization levels,and how this distribution was impacted by economic crisis.The results of the study confirmed the following common expectations:(1)Strategic decisions are mostly taken at upper hierarchical levels of the organizational structure;(2)during times of economic crisis strategic decision making is centralized;and(3)during times of economic crisis distribution of decision-making authority is concentrated at upper management levels.展开更多
The aim of this study was to verify the existence of business and strategic intelligence policies at the level of Congolese companies and at the state level, likely to foster progress and healthy development in the ea...The aim of this study was to verify the existence of business and strategic intelligence policies at the level of Congolese companies and at the state level, likely to foster progress and healthy development in the east of the DRC. The study was based on a mixed perspective consisting of objective analysis of quantitative data and interpretative analysis of qualitative data. The results showed that business and strategic intelligence policies have not been established at either company or state level, as this is an area of activity that is not known to the players in companies and public departments, and there are no units or offices in their organizational structures responsible for managing strategic information for competitiveness on the international market. In addition, there is a real need to establish strategic information management units within companies, upstream, and to set up a national strategic information management department or agency to help local companies compete in the marketplace, downstream. This reflects the importance and timeliness of building business and strategic intelligence policies to ensure economic progress and development in the eastern DRC. Business and strategic intelligence provides companies with an appropriate tool for researching, collecting, processing and disseminating information useful for decision-making among stakeholders, in order to cope with a crisis or competitive situation. The study suggests a number of key recommendations based on its findings. To the government, it is recommended to establish the national policy of business and strategic intelligence by setting up a national agency of strategic intelligence in favor of local companies;and to companies to establish business intelligence units in their organizational structures in favor of stakeholders to foster advantageous decision-making in the competitive market and achieve progress. Finally, the study suggests that studies be carried out to fully understand the opportunities and impact of business and strategic intelligence in African countries, particularly in the DRC.展开更多
This literature review primarily aims to explore and synthesise the previous studies in simulation education research conducted over the past five years related to the effects of simulation training on the self-effica...This literature review primarily aims to explore and synthesise the previous studies in simulation education research conducted over the past five years related to the effects of simulation training on the self-efficacy of undergraduate pre-registration nursing students. The second aim of this study is to explore additional outcome variables that were examined in the previous studies. Five electronic databases were searched systematically. These databases were MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Embase and PsycINFO. The PICO model was employed to identify the search terms, with a thesaurus being used to provide synonyms. Reference lists of relevant articles were examined and hand searches of journals were also undertaken. The quality of each study was assessed using the Simulation Research Rubric (SRR). A total of 11 studies were included. All studies explored the impact of simulation education on undergraduate pre-registration nursing. Six studies explored nursing students’ competence and performance and two papers examined their critical thinking. Problem solving, learning motivation, communication skills and knowledge acquisition were examined once. The majority of studies indicated that simulation training has a positive impact on pre-registration nursing students’ self-efficacy and other outcome variables. Furthermore, the study results indicate that simulation training is more dependable than traditional training, and students were extremely satisfied with the simulation training. However, most of the studies included in this review had several gaps, including study design, sample size and dissimilarities between the scales used. Further research with large samples, reliable and valid instruments, and outcomes measures (such as critical thinking and transferability of skills) is required to provide better insight into the effectiveness of simulation in undergraduate nursing education. .展开更多
Since 2010,the LNG importing price premium in the Asia–Pacific markets has become increasingly high,generating great effects on the economic development in China.In addition,the natural gas dependence degree is expan...Since 2010,the LNG importing price premium in the Asia–Pacific markets has become increasingly high,generating great effects on the economic development in China.In addition,the natural gas dependence degree is expanding continuously,making it extremely urgent to establish a natural gas trading hub in China,with the aim to ensure national energy security,to gain the pricing power,and to build the regional benchmark prices.Through a comparative analysis of internal strength/weakness and external competitiveness,we concluded that with intensively-issued supporting policies on the natural gas sector,the initiation of spot and futures markets,the rapid growth of gas production and highly-improved infrastructures,as well as Shanghai's advantageous location,China has more advantages in establishing an Asian Natural Gas Trading Hub than other counties like Singapore,Japan and Malaysia.Moreover,based on the SWOT(strength,weakness,opportunity and threat)and the marketization process analysis,the following strategies were presented:to impel the establishment of a natural gas trading hub depending on the gas supply condition,to follow the policies to complete the gas storage system,to form regional communities by taking comparative advantages,and to reinforce the marketization reform and regulation system establishment with foreign experiences for reference.This study rationalized the necessity and practicality of establishing a natural gas trading hub in China and will help China make a proper decision and find a periodical strategic path in this sector.展开更多
In the contemporary globalized business environment,organizations face intense competition and significant pressure to navigate uncertainties.Strategic decision-making,particularly in allocating scarce resources to in...In the contemporary globalized business environment,organizations face intense competition and significant pressure to navigate uncertainties.Strategic decision-making,particularly in allocating scarce resources to innovation endeavors,is a crucial yet complex task for organizational leaders.This study addresses the gap in the existing literature by proposing a decision-making framework grounded in multi-criteria decision making(MCDM),specifically utilizing the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),to enhance strategic decision-making capabilities.The framework aims to improve resource allocation and organizational performance by integrating cognitive and affective factors influencing decision-makers.The analysis presented in this study has successfully computed the final rankings of the strategic alternatives,scanning ability,interpretation ability,and action ability within the organization.By integrating the weights assigned to each criterion and alternative,it was determined that scanning ability holds the highest value at 50.75%,followed by interpretation at 26.65%,and action at 22.58%.Additionally,the factors influencing these alternatives were ranked,with sentiment being the most significant at 0.3607,followed by emotion at 0.2123,attention at 0.2011,ideation at 0.1271,and memory at 0.0986.This outcome highlights the significance of scanning ability and sentiment in strategic decision-making.This research contributes to the field by providing a model influencing strategic decision-making,offering valuable insights for managers and policymakers aiming to optimize resource allocation and drive sustainable growth.展开更多
In this paper,a theoretical framework of Multiagent Simulation(MAS)is proposed for strategic bidding in electricity markets using reinforcement learning,which consists of two parts:one is a MAS system used to simulate...In this paper,a theoretical framework of Multiagent Simulation(MAS)is proposed for strategic bidding in electricity markets using reinforcement learning,which consists of two parts:one is a MAS system used to simulate the competitive bidding of the actual electricity market;the other is an adaptive learning strategy bidding system used to provide agents with more intelligent bidding strategies.An ExperienceWeighted Attraction(EWA)reinforcement learning algorithm(RLA)is applied to the MAS model and a new MAS method is presented for strategic bidding in electricity markets using a new Improved EWA(IEWA).From both qualitative and quantitative perspectives,it is compared with three other MAS methods using the Roth-Erev(RE),Q-learning and EWA.The results show that the performance of the MAS method using IEWA is proved to be better than the others.The four MAS models using four RLAs are built for strategic bidding in electricity markets.Through running the four MAS models,the rationality and correctness of the four MAS methods are verified for strategic bidding in electricity markets using reinforcement learning.展开更多
Based on the rich experience in urban construction in China for decades,the author argues that urban planning is a process of flexible creation under the guidance of strategic decision-making and action planning and i...Based on the rich experience in urban construction in China for decades,the author argues that urban planning is a process of flexible creation under the guidance of strategic decision-making and action planning and in accordance with local conditions in hope of creating better human settlements and a harmonious society at the same time.Efforts should be made to strengthen the general knowledge and universal truth on urban planning and transform them into public consensus.展开更多
Business analytics presents significant opportunities for enhancing strategic decision-making(SDM),which is crucial for organizational competitiveness.However,there is a knowledge gap in understanding the interactions...Business analytics presents significant opportunities for enhancing strategic decision-making(SDM),which is crucial for organizational competitiveness.However,there is a knowledge gap in understanding the interactions among environmental dynamism,business analytics use,environmental scanning,and rational and intuitive SDM.This paper addresses this gap by leveraging the information processing view and analyzing 218 survey responses using partial least squares(PLS)path modeling.It reveals that environmental dynamism influences business analytics use and environmental scanning.Business analytics use positively impacts rational SDM but negatively affects intuitive SDM.Environmental scanning partially mediates the relationship between business analytics use and rational SDM,and there is an inverse correlation between rational and intuitive SDM.This research introduces a novel theoretical framework,enriching the information processing view,and deepens understanding of how strategic information processing capabilities influence SDM.It also provides practical insights for organizations using business analytics to improve SDM processes in uncertain environments.展开更多
In the 21st century,as algorithmic hegemony reconfigures global security architectures,war gaming methodologies have been strategically reconstituted through national security frameworks.These encompass military simul...In the 21st century,as algorithmic hegemony reconfigures global security architectures,war gaming methodologies have been strategically reconstituted through national security frameworks.These encompass military simulation training,gamified military exercises,and virtual reality battlefield projections.Against the backdrop of intensifying global security crises,postcolonial resurgence,and accelerated technological innovation,this study employs national security theory to analyze the multifaceted roles of Western war gaming in advancing military-technological innovation,disseminating strategic cultural paradigms,and reshaping public consciousness.Through empirical case studies,it investigates how such practices generate novel forms of strategic deterrence while critically assessing their implications for the evolving global security landscape.展开更多
Flood is one of the major challenges facing human societies.Adapting to future flood risks involves deep uncertainty,especially when long-term projections of climate change are considered.This study proposed a Two-sta...Flood is one of the major challenges facing human societies.Adapting to future flood risks involves deep uncertainty,especially when long-term projections of climate change are considered.This study proposed a Two-stage Robust Decision Making(2S-RDM)framework to help devise flexible and robust strategies capable of addressing the inherent deep uncertainty associated with managing flood risks.Taking the Yangtze River Basin in China as a case study,we simulated flood risks across∼0.6 million scenarios until 2050.This analysis considered four types of uncertain factors,i.e.,future climate change,socio-economic growth,industrial structure transformation,and population aging.We then examined the effectiveness of four adaptation measures and their combinations,i.e.building elevation,tunnel construction,people relocation,and river basin conservation.Our projections show that without immediate adaptation,an estimated 0.9 to 27.3 million people will be impacted by floods until 2050,accompanied with$33.8 to$198.5 billion economic losses in the entire basin.When defining the goal as limiting the affected population<0.05%and ensuring economic losses<0.02%,we identified 24 global robust strategies capable of meeting this criterion in>80%of scenarios.Then,we compared the 24 global robust strategies regarding their relative costs and performances in each of the future scenario pools.The final recommended solutions are hybrid strategies that integrate engineering-based measures with‘soft’adaptation options(e.g.Elevation++,Tunnel++,and Relocation).This study provides tools to design flood adaptation strategies not only robust across diverse scenarios but also flexible for decision-makers to customize and refine their strategies based on specific needs.展开更多
基金The Planning Program of Science and Technology of Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China (No. 2010-K5-16)
文摘In order to carry out comprehensive decision-making of multi-class shared parking measures within a region, a bilevel model assisting decision-making is proposed. The upper level selects parkers＇ average satisfaction and the violation rate during peak hours as indices in object function, and sets probability distribution models describing dynamic parking demand of each site, the feasibility of shared parking scenarios and occupancy requirements during peak hours of each parking lot as restrictions. The simulation model in the lower level sets up rules to assign each parker in the random parking demand series to the proper parking lot. An iterative method is proposed to confirm the state of each parking lot at the start of formal simulations. Besides, two patterns linking initialization and formal simulation are presented to acquire multiple solutions. The results of the numerical examples indicate the effectiveness of the model and solution methods.
文摘In today’s rapidly evolving business environment,enterprises face unprecedented competitive pressures and complexities,necessitating efficient and precise strategic decision-making capabilities.Management accounting,as the core of internal corporate management,plays a critical role in optimizing resource allocation,long-term planning,and formulating market competition strategies.This paper explores the application of Artificial Intelligence(AI)in management accounting,aiming to analyze the current state of AI in management accounting,examine its role in supporting external strategic decisions,and develop an AI-driven strategic forecasting and analysis model.The findings indicate that AI technology,through its advanced data processing and analytical capabilities,significantly enhances the efficiency and accuracy of management accounting,optimizes internal resource allocation,and strengthens enterprises’market competitiveness.
基金funded by Korea Environmental Industry&Technology Institute(KEITI)through“Development of Aquatic Ecosystem Service Evaluation Indicators and Valuation Technology”of the Korea Ministry of Environment(MOE)(RS-2025-02214985).
文摘This study examines the empirical feasibility of quantitatively integrating environmental value information into Strategic Environmental Assessment(SEA).An analytical framework was established to incorporate environmental cost estimates into the SEA process by utilizing ecosystem service unit values provided by the Environmental Valuation Information System(EVIS),a national platform developed to support the evaluation of policies and projects.The framework was applied to a case study involving a multipurpose rural water development project in South Korea.Ecosystem service losses resulting from the project were quantified using biophysical indicators,such as vegetation biomass,forest area,and hydrological functions,and subsequently monetized through the application of the market price method,replacement cost method,and contingent valuation method.The total annual environmental cost was estimated to be approximately KRW 56.18 billion,with the majority attributable to losses in forest conservation and climate regulation services.These findings demonstrate that quantified environmental data can serve as a robust basis for alternative comparison and site evaluation within SEA.The study provides empirical evidence supporting the advancement of SEA from a predominantly procedural tool focused on environmental protection to a more comprehensive sustainability assessment framework that integrates environmental,economic,and social considerations.Furthermore,the results suggest that EVIS-based quantitative information holds potential for broader application in other national evaluation systems,such as preliminary feasibility studies and regulatory impact assessments.
文摘This paper reviewed the development of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in China, expounded its functions and regional characteristics, and discussed the targets of SEA in the process of urbanization,and the main assessment indicators, procedures, techniques and methodologies of SEA. It concluded that SEA could be improved by the following recommendations: incorporating SEA in decision-making process, selecting experimental units for SEA trial run, and developing strategic evaluation tools and techniques. SEA can provide appropriate and up-to-date information on the impact of human activity on environment in the process of urbanization, and develop a plan of action targeting implementation of intervention for the rehabilitation and preservation of the ecological stability of a city. Therefore, SEA can be a supporting tool for decision-making toward achieving sustainable development.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program (973 Program,No.2004CB719402)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60736019)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China(No.Y105430).
文摘Collision avoidance decision-making models of multiple agents in virtual driving environment are studied. Based on the behavioral characteristics and hierarchical structure of the collision avoidance decision-making in real life driving, delphi approach and mathematical statistics method are introduced to construct pair-wise comparison judgment matrix of collision avoidance decision choices to each collision situation. Analytic hierarchy process （AHP） is adopted to establish the agents＇ collision avoidance decision-making model. To simulate drivers＇ characteristics, driver factors are added to categorize driving modes into impatient mode, normal mode, and the cautious mode. The results show that this model can simulate human＇s thinking process, and the agents in the virtual environment can deal with collision situations and make decisions to avoid collisions without intervention. The model can also reflect diversity and uncertainly of real life driving behaviors, and solves the multi-objective, multi-choice ranking priority problem in multi-vehicle collision scenarios. This collision avoidance model of multi-agents model is feasible and effective, and can provide richer and closer-to-life virtual scene for driving simulator, reflecting real-life traffic environment more truly, this model can also promote the practicality of driving simulator.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61401496)
文摘Upper-lower computer mode is the main architecture design of the amphibious combat simulation system(ACSS)at present.Through continuous improvement of real-time performance,software and hardware infrastructure,the exponential growth of operational network data scale is realized,but the availability performance of ACSS declines.The reliability of the working host as the key node has become the bottleneck of the overall availability of network nodes in the ACSS.To optimize the network node architecture of ACSS,this paper presents an effective optimization solution by designing the dual redundancy warm-standby module of the mission computer and I/O port,the algorithm of selecting output path of the mission computer in network nodes,the decision-making algorithm upon the on-duty host and output,and the video output decision-making algorithm upon the upper host.Lastly,the complete process of operational data from the input to output and the opposite is implemented well to guarantee the overall availability of network nodes in the ACSS.It has great advantages of wide applicability,strong reliability and high real-time switching speed.
文摘Research on strategic voting has mainly focused on electoral system effects but largely neglected the impact of different rationales of coalition formation. Based on a formal model of rational party choice and a simulation study, we systematically investigate this impact and explore the implications. We show that the logic of the underlying coalition formation procedure clearly affects the degree to which the electorate is exposed to strategic incentives regarding the vote choice. The key implications are that sincere voting is more often in the voter’s best interest if parties are policy-seeking and if there is increased uncertainty during the stage of coalition formation. Furthermore, we explore how different types of coalition formation affect strategic incentives across the policy space.
文摘Predictive control has recently received much attention from researchers. However a challenging problem to be solved is how to tune the parameters of the predictive controller. So far, only few guidelines related to tuning of the parameters of predictive controllers have been provided in literature. In practice, these parameters are generally off-line determined by the designers' experience. From the point of view of process control, it is difficult to find out the optimal parameters for the control system based on a single quadratic performance index, which is used in the standard predictive control algorithm. The fuzzy decision-making function is investigated in this paper. Firstly, M control actions are achieved by unconstrained predictive control algorithm, and fuzzy goals and fuzzy constraints are then calculated and the global satisfaction degree is obtained by fuzzy inference. Moreover, the weighting coefficient λ in the cost function is tuned using simulation optimization according to the fuzzy criteria.
文摘Understanding the dynamics of decision making in the right way is an important problem for the management of organizations.In today’s business life organizations are becoming more complex,and the environments they are operating in,are becoming increasingly uncertain.The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of managerial decision-making process in complex internal and external environments by sharing the results of an empirical study(Onuk,2009).While taking the levels of the organizational structure as one of the important dimensions of complex internal environment,complex external environment is reflected within the study as economic crisis.Using the survey tool developed by Onuk(2009),the empirical study realized in the Turkish organization of a large global company investigated decision-making process to understand how decision-making authority for different types of decisions,identified as strategic,tactical,and operational level decisions,was distributed throughout the organization levels,and how this distribution was impacted by economic crisis.The results of the study confirmed the following common expectations:(1)Strategic decisions are mostly taken at upper hierarchical levels of the organizational structure;(2)during times of economic crisis strategic decision making is centralized;and(3)during times of economic crisis distribution of decision-making authority is concentrated at upper management levels.
文摘The aim of this study was to verify the existence of business and strategic intelligence policies at the level of Congolese companies and at the state level, likely to foster progress and healthy development in the east of the DRC. The study was based on a mixed perspective consisting of objective analysis of quantitative data and interpretative analysis of qualitative data. The results showed that business and strategic intelligence policies have not been established at either company or state level, as this is an area of activity that is not known to the players in companies and public departments, and there are no units or offices in their organizational structures responsible for managing strategic information for competitiveness on the international market. In addition, there is a real need to establish strategic information management units within companies, upstream, and to set up a national strategic information management department or agency to help local companies compete in the marketplace, downstream. This reflects the importance and timeliness of building business and strategic intelligence policies to ensure economic progress and development in the eastern DRC. Business and strategic intelligence provides companies with an appropriate tool for researching, collecting, processing and disseminating information useful for decision-making among stakeholders, in order to cope with a crisis or competitive situation. The study suggests a number of key recommendations based on its findings. To the government, it is recommended to establish the national policy of business and strategic intelligence by setting up a national agency of strategic intelligence in favor of local companies;and to companies to establish business intelligence units in their organizational structures in favor of stakeholders to foster advantageous decision-making in the competitive market and achieve progress. Finally, the study suggests that studies be carried out to fully understand the opportunities and impact of business and strategic intelligence in African countries, particularly in the DRC.
文摘This literature review primarily aims to explore and synthesise the previous studies in simulation education research conducted over the past five years related to the effects of simulation training on the self-efficacy of undergraduate pre-registration nursing students. The second aim of this study is to explore additional outcome variables that were examined in the previous studies. Five electronic databases were searched systematically. These databases were MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, Embase and PsycINFO. The PICO model was employed to identify the search terms, with a thesaurus being used to provide synonyms. Reference lists of relevant articles were examined and hand searches of journals were also undertaken. The quality of each study was assessed using the Simulation Research Rubric (SRR). A total of 11 studies were included. All studies explored the impact of simulation education on undergraduate pre-registration nursing. Six studies explored nursing students’ competence and performance and two papers examined their critical thinking. Problem solving, learning motivation, communication skills and knowledge acquisition were examined once. The majority of studies indicated that simulation training has a positive impact on pre-registration nursing students’ self-efficacy and other outcome variables. Furthermore, the study results indicate that simulation training is more dependable than traditional training, and students were extremely satisfied with the simulation training. However, most of the studies included in this review had several gaps, including study design, sample size and dissimilarities between the scales used. Further research with large samples, reliable and valid instruments, and outcomes measures (such as critical thinking and transferability of skills) is required to provide better insight into the effectiveness of simulation in undergraduate nursing education. .
文摘Since 2010,the LNG importing price premium in the Asia–Pacific markets has become increasingly high,generating great effects on the economic development in China.In addition,the natural gas dependence degree is expanding continuously,making it extremely urgent to establish a natural gas trading hub in China,with the aim to ensure national energy security,to gain the pricing power,and to build the regional benchmark prices.Through a comparative analysis of internal strength/weakness and external competitiveness,we concluded that with intensively-issued supporting policies on the natural gas sector,the initiation of spot and futures markets,the rapid growth of gas production and highly-improved infrastructures,as well as Shanghai's advantageous location,China has more advantages in establishing an Asian Natural Gas Trading Hub than other counties like Singapore,Japan and Malaysia.Moreover,based on the SWOT(strength,weakness,opportunity and threat)and the marketization process analysis,the following strategies were presented:to impel the establishment of a natural gas trading hub depending on the gas supply condition,to follow the policies to complete the gas storage system,to form regional communities by taking comparative advantages,and to reinforce the marketization reform and regulation system establishment with foreign experiences for reference.This study rationalized the necessity and practicality of establishing a natural gas trading hub in China and will help China make a proper decision and find a periodical strategic path in this sector.
文摘In the contemporary globalized business environment,organizations face intense competition and significant pressure to navigate uncertainties.Strategic decision-making,particularly in allocating scarce resources to innovation endeavors,is a crucial yet complex task for organizational leaders.This study addresses the gap in the existing literature by proposing a decision-making framework grounded in multi-criteria decision making(MCDM),specifically utilizing the analytic hierarchy process(AHP),to enhance strategic decision-making capabilities.The framework aims to improve resource allocation and organizational performance by integrating cognitive and affective factors influencing decision-makers.The analysis presented in this study has successfully computed the final rankings of the strategic alternatives,scanning ability,interpretation ability,and action ability within the organization.By integrating the weights assigned to each criterion and alternative,it was determined that scanning ability holds the highest value at 50.75%,followed by interpretation at 26.65%,and action at 22.58%.Additionally,the factors influencing these alternatives were ranked,with sentiment being the most significant at 0.3607,followed by emotion at 0.2123,attention at 0.2011,ideation at 0.1271,and memory at 0.0986.This outcome highlights the significance of scanning ability and sentiment in strategic decision-making.This research contributes to the field by providing a model influencing strategic decision-making,offering valuable insights for managers and policymakers aiming to optimize resource allocation and drive sustainable growth.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0901104)。
文摘In this paper,a theoretical framework of Multiagent Simulation(MAS)is proposed for strategic bidding in electricity markets using reinforcement learning,which consists of two parts:one is a MAS system used to simulate the competitive bidding of the actual electricity market;the other is an adaptive learning strategy bidding system used to provide agents with more intelligent bidding strategies.An ExperienceWeighted Attraction(EWA)reinforcement learning algorithm(RLA)is applied to the MAS model and a new MAS method is presented for strategic bidding in electricity markets using a new Improved EWA(IEWA).From both qualitative and quantitative perspectives,it is compared with three other MAS methods using the Roth-Erev(RE),Q-learning and EWA.The results show that the performance of the MAS method using IEWA is proved to be better than the others.The four MAS models using four RLAs are built for strategic bidding in electricity markets.Through running the four MAS models,the rationality and correctness of the four MAS methods are verified for strategic bidding in electricity markets using reinforcement learning.
文摘Based on the rich experience in urban construction in China for decades,the author argues that urban planning is a process of flexible creation under the guidance of strategic decision-making and action planning and in accordance with local conditions in hope of creating better human settlements and a harmonious society at the same time.Efforts should be made to strengthen the general knowledge and universal truth on urban planning and transform them into public consensus.
文摘Business analytics presents significant opportunities for enhancing strategic decision-making(SDM),which is crucial for organizational competitiveness.However,there is a knowledge gap in understanding the interactions among environmental dynamism,business analytics use,environmental scanning,and rational and intuitive SDM.This paper addresses this gap by leveraging the information processing view and analyzing 218 survey responses using partial least squares(PLS)path modeling.It reveals that environmental dynamism influences business analytics use and environmental scanning.Business analytics use positively impacts rational SDM but negatively affects intuitive SDM.Environmental scanning partially mediates the relationship between business analytics use and rational SDM,and there is an inverse correlation between rational and intuitive SDM.This research introduces a novel theoretical framework,enriching the information processing view,and deepens understanding of how strategic information processing capabilities influence SDM.It also provides practical insights for organizations using business analytics to improve SDM processes in uncertain environments.
基金Funded by Hunan Provincial College Students Innovation Project(S202490002265).
文摘In the 21st century,as algorithmic hegemony reconfigures global security architectures,war gaming methodologies have been strategically reconstituted through national security frameworks.These encompass military simulation training,gamified military exercises,and virtual reality battlefield projections.Against the backdrop of intensifying global security crises,postcolonial resurgence,and accelerated technological innovation,this study employs national security theory to analyze the multifaceted roles of Western war gaming in advancing military-technological innovation,disseminating strategic cultural paradigms,and reshaping public consciousness.Through empirical case studies,it investigates how such practices generate novel forms of strategic deterrence while critically assessing their implications for the evolving global security landscape.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(72304136,71921003,72234003,72222012)National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents(BX20230159)Jiangsu R&D Special Fund for Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality(BK20220014).
文摘Flood is one of the major challenges facing human societies.Adapting to future flood risks involves deep uncertainty,especially when long-term projections of climate change are considered.This study proposed a Two-stage Robust Decision Making(2S-RDM)framework to help devise flexible and robust strategies capable of addressing the inherent deep uncertainty associated with managing flood risks.Taking the Yangtze River Basin in China as a case study,we simulated flood risks across∼0.6 million scenarios until 2050.This analysis considered four types of uncertain factors,i.e.,future climate change,socio-economic growth,industrial structure transformation,and population aging.We then examined the effectiveness of four adaptation measures and their combinations,i.e.building elevation,tunnel construction,people relocation,and river basin conservation.Our projections show that without immediate adaptation,an estimated 0.9 to 27.3 million people will be impacted by floods until 2050,accompanied with$33.8 to$198.5 billion economic losses in the entire basin.When defining the goal as limiting the affected population<0.05%and ensuring economic losses<0.02%,we identified 24 global robust strategies capable of meeting this criterion in>80%of scenarios.Then,we compared the 24 global robust strategies regarding their relative costs and performances in each of the future scenario pools.The final recommended solutions are hybrid strategies that integrate engineering-based measures with‘soft’adaptation options(e.g.Elevation++,Tunnel++,and Relocation).This study provides tools to design flood adaptation strategies not only robust across diverse scenarios but also flexible for decision-makers to customize and refine their strategies based on specific needs.
