Ada provides full capacities of supporting object orientation, but the diversified objects patterned in Ada are so intricate that Ada95's aim would be demolished. In order to complement the disfigurement that Ada...Ada provides full capacities of supporting object orientation, but the diversified objects patterned in Ada are so intricate that Ada95's aim would be demolished. In order to complement the disfigurement that Ada does lack for a pristine notion of class, this paper presents a remolded object pattern known as A object, an Ada based class description language A ObjAda aiming at support for A object pattern and the related approach for key algorithms and implementation. In consequent, A ObjAda hereby promotes Ada with highlighted object orientation, which not only effectively exploits the capacities in Ada95, but also rationally hides befuddling concepts from Ada95.展开更多
In this paper the Expendable Pattern Casting with dry sand Vacuum(EPC-V) process is used to manufacture iron matrix composites with tungsten carbide particle.Microstructures of the composites layers were analyzed.The ...In this paper the Expendable Pattern Casting with dry sand Vacuum(EPC-V) process is used to manufacture iron matrix composites with tungsten carbide particle.Microstructures of the composites layers were analyzed.The abrasive wear resistance of the composites layers were tested and compared with that of high chromium cast iron.The results show that the iron matrix composites with tungsten carbide particle have high hardness.The abrasive wear resistance of composites with tungsten carbide particle is higher than that of high chromium cast iron.The properties of the matrix materials have been improved remarkably.展开更多
Accurate estimations of evapotranspiration(ET)are essential for understanding land-atmosphere coupling and atmosphere-underlying surface energy and water vapor exchanges.Based on input data processing,this paper simul...Accurate estimations of evapotranspiration(ET)are essential for understanding land-atmosphere coupling and atmosphere-underlying surface energy and water vapor exchanges.Based on input data processing,this paper simulates the temporal and spatial variation of ET in the Dajiuhu Basin from 1990 to 2018 using the BEPS-Terrain Lab V2.0 model.Compared with the ET measured by an eddy covariance(EC)tower,the model explained 80.1%of the ET variation.From 1990 to 2018,the average annual ET in the Dajiuhu Basin was 1262.7 mm/yr indicating a downward trend(–27.12 mm/yr).In 2005,a sudden change point was observed based on the Mann-Kendall(MK)test and 3-year moving t-test.Around 2005,the downward trend in ET slowed and the proportional trend of ET to precipitation changed from upward trend to downward trend.Regarding spatial distribution,the ET in the basin’s central part was smaller than that in the basin’s surrounding area,the ET of the southern slope was higher than that of the northern slope,and the decrease in the ET rate on the sunny side was lower than that on the shady side.ET decreased as the elevation increased,with the fastest decrease observed between 2184 and 2384 m.For different landcover types,the average ET exhibited the following order:deciduous forest>mixed forest>wetland>grass>agriculture land.Decreased solar radiation is the main reason for the decreased ET in the Dajiuhu Basin,followed by increased wind speed and relative humidity,which together contribute 83.9%to the ET trend.This paper provides a theoretical basis for the study of ET changes and the mechanism of ET and provides a decision-making reference for water resource management in the Dajiuhu Basin and even the South-to-North Water Transfer Project.展开更多
Chx10-expressing V2 a(Chx10+V2 a) spinal interneurons play a large role in the excitatory drive of motoneurons. Chemogenetic ablation studies have demonstrated the essential nature of Chx10+V2 a interneurons in the re...Chx10-expressing V2 a(Chx10+V2 a) spinal interneurons play a large role in the excitatory drive of motoneurons. Chemogenetic ablation studies have demonstrated the essential nature of Chx10+V2 a interneurons in the regulation of locomotor initiation, maintenance, alternation, speed, and rhythmicity. The role of Chx10+V2 a interneurons in locomotion and autonomic nervous system regulation is thought to be robust, but their precise role in spinal motor regulation and spinal cord injury have not been fully explored. The present paper reviews the origin, characteristics, and functional roles of Chx10+V2 a interneurons with an emphasis on their involvement in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury. The diverse functional properties of these cells have only been substantiated by and are due in large part to their integration in a variety of diverse spinal circuits. Chx10+V2 a interneurons play an integral role in conferring locomotion, which integrates various corticospinal, mechanosensory, and interneuron pathways. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that Chx10+V2 a interneurons also play an important role in rhythmic patterning maintenance, leftright alternation of central pattern generation, and locomotor pattern generation in higher order mammals, likely conferring complex locomotion. Consequently, the latest research has focused on postinjury transplantation and noninvasive stimulation of Chx10+V2 a interneurons as a therapeutic strategy, particularly in spinal cord injury. Finally, we review the latest preclinical study advances in laboratory derivation and stimulation/transplantation of these cells as a strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury. The evidence supports that the Chx10+V2 a interneurons act as a new therapeutic target for spinal cord injury. Future optimization strategies should focus on the viability, maturity, and functional integration of Chx10+V2 a interneurons transplanted in spinal cord injury foci.展开更多
The evolution and transition of planar wave trains propagating through defects(obstacles) in an excitable medium are studied. When the frequency of the planar wave trains is increased, three different dynamical regime...The evolution and transition of planar wave trains propagating through defects(obstacles) in an excitable medium are studied. When the frequency of the planar wave trains is increased, three different dynamical regimes,namely fusion, "V" waves, and spiral waves, are observed in turn and the underlying mechanism is discussed. The dynamics is concerned with the shapes of the defects. Circle, triangle, and rectangle defects with different sizes are considered. The increase of pacing frequency broadens the fan-shaped broken region in the behind of a rectangle defect.The increase of width of a triangle defect leads to breakup of wave trains easier while the change of height shows opposite effect, which is presented in a phase diagram. Dynamical comparison on defects with different shapes indicates that the decrease of the defect width along the propagation of wave trains makes the fan-shaped region and the minimal frequency for breakup of spiral both increased.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(6 97730 41)
文摘Ada provides full capacities of supporting object orientation, but the diversified objects patterned in Ada are so intricate that Ada95's aim would be demolished. In order to complement the disfigurement that Ada does lack for a pristine notion of class, this paper presents a remolded object pattern known as A object, an Ada based class description language A ObjAda aiming at support for A object pattern and the related approach for key algorithms and implementation. In consequent, A ObjAda hereby promotes Ada with highlighted object orientation, which not only effectively exploits the capacities in Ada95, but also rationally hides befuddling concepts from Ada95.
文摘In this paper the Expendable Pattern Casting with dry sand Vacuum(EPC-V) process is used to manufacture iron matrix composites with tungsten carbide particle.Microstructures of the composites layers were analyzed.The abrasive wear resistance of the composites layers were tested and compared with that of high chromium cast iron.The results show that the iron matrix composites with tungsten carbide particle have high hardness.The abrasive wear resistance of composites with tungsten carbide particle is higher than that of high chromium cast iron.The properties of the matrix materials have been improved remarkably.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41201429)Independent Research Funds of the State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology(No.GKZ17Y651)Fundamental Research Funds of Geological Processes,Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin(No.CUGCJ1808)。
文摘Accurate estimations of evapotranspiration(ET)are essential for understanding land-atmosphere coupling and atmosphere-underlying surface energy and water vapor exchanges.Based on input data processing,this paper simulates the temporal and spatial variation of ET in the Dajiuhu Basin from 1990 to 2018 using the BEPS-Terrain Lab V2.0 model.Compared with the ET measured by an eddy covariance(EC)tower,the model explained 80.1%of the ET variation.From 1990 to 2018,the average annual ET in the Dajiuhu Basin was 1262.7 mm/yr indicating a downward trend(–27.12 mm/yr).In 2005,a sudden change point was observed based on the Mann-Kendall(MK)test and 3-year moving t-test.Around 2005,the downward trend in ET slowed and the proportional trend of ET to precipitation changed from upward trend to downward trend.Regarding spatial distribution,the ET in the basin’s central part was smaller than that in the basin’s surrounding area,the ET of the southern slope was higher than that of the northern slope,and the decrease in the ET rate on the sunny side was lower than that on the shady side.ET decreased as the elevation increased,with the fastest decrease observed between 2184 and 2384 m.For different landcover types,the average ET exhibited the following order:deciduous forest>mixed forest>wetland>grass>agriculture land.Decreased solar radiation is the main reason for the decreased ET in the Dajiuhu Basin,followed by increased wind speed and relative humidity,which together contribute 83.9%to the ET trend.This paper provides a theoretical basis for the study of ET changes and the mechanism of ET and provides a decision-making reference for water resource management in the Dajiuhu Basin and even the South-to-North Water Transfer Project.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81870977 (to YW)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China,No. JQ2021H004 (to YW)+1 种基金PhD research foundation of Mudanjiang Medicine College,No. 2021-MYBSKY-039 (to WYL)Fundamental Research Funds for Heilongjiang Provincial Universities,No. 2021-KYYWF-0469 (to WYL)。
文摘Chx10-expressing V2 a(Chx10+V2 a) spinal interneurons play a large role in the excitatory drive of motoneurons. Chemogenetic ablation studies have demonstrated the essential nature of Chx10+V2 a interneurons in the regulation of locomotor initiation, maintenance, alternation, speed, and rhythmicity. The role of Chx10+V2 a interneurons in locomotion and autonomic nervous system regulation is thought to be robust, but their precise role in spinal motor regulation and spinal cord injury have not been fully explored. The present paper reviews the origin, characteristics, and functional roles of Chx10+V2 a interneurons with an emphasis on their involvement in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury. The diverse functional properties of these cells have only been substantiated by and are due in large part to their integration in a variety of diverse spinal circuits. Chx10+V2 a interneurons play an integral role in conferring locomotion, which integrates various corticospinal, mechanosensory, and interneuron pathways. Moreover, accumulating evidence suggests that Chx10+V2 a interneurons also play an important role in rhythmic patterning maintenance, leftright alternation of central pattern generation, and locomotor pattern generation in higher order mammals, likely conferring complex locomotion. Consequently, the latest research has focused on postinjury transplantation and noninvasive stimulation of Chx10+V2 a interneurons as a therapeutic strategy, particularly in spinal cord injury. Finally, we review the latest preclinical study advances in laboratory derivation and stimulation/transplantation of these cells as a strategy for the treatment of spinal cord injury. The evidence supports that the Chx10+V2 a interneurons act as a new therapeutic target for spinal cord injury. Future optimization strategies should focus on the viability, maturity, and functional integration of Chx10+V2 a interneurons transplanted in spinal cord injury foci.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant Nos.LQ14A050003 and LR17A050001Zhejiang Province Commonweal Projects under Grant No.GK180906288001China Scholarship Council under Grant No.201708330401
文摘The evolution and transition of planar wave trains propagating through defects(obstacles) in an excitable medium are studied. When the frequency of the planar wave trains is increased, three different dynamical regimes,namely fusion, "V" waves, and spiral waves, are observed in turn and the underlying mechanism is discussed. The dynamics is concerned with the shapes of the defects. Circle, triangle, and rectangle defects with different sizes are considered. The increase of pacing frequency broadens the fan-shaped broken region in the behind of a rectangle defect.The increase of width of a triangle defect leads to breakup of wave trains easier while the change of height shows opposite effect, which is presented in a phase diagram. Dynamical comparison on defects with different shapes indicates that the decrease of the defect width along the propagation of wave trains makes the fan-shaped region and the minimal frequency for breakup of spiral both increased.
