According to the quantities of plant and animal products placed on the world market in 2022, agriculture and forestry captured 20.1 ± 1.5 billion tonnes (Gt or Pg) of CO2, with a weighted mean duration of the cor...According to the quantities of plant and animal products placed on the world market in 2022, agriculture and forestry captured 20.1 ± 1.5 billion tonnes (Gt or Pg) of CO2, with a weighted mean duration of the corresponding storage of 10.9 ± 3.3 years. These figures are supplemented here by the unharvested above-ground and below-ground parts of plants that are left in place and increase the soil organic carbon pool. This brings the capture by cultivated whole plants to 41.0 ± 0.6 GtCO2, and the storage duration weighted mean to 26.3 ± 2.0 years in 2022. This was the largest global contribution to the reduction of atmospheric CO2 by amplitude and duration, which bio-remediated the global anthropogenic emissions totally, cancelling their influence on climate. The enrichment of the atmosphere with CO2 comes probably from the ocean, which could be a source and not a sink. Complementary approaches, freed from doctrinal preconceptions, should make it possible to clarify further the compensations of CO2 emissions by plants and their environmental consequences.展开更多
Anisopteromalus calandrae(Howard)shows great promise as an ectoparasitoid for controlling various coleopteran pests in warehouses.However,for a large-scale release,it is crucial to establish an ample supply of A.calan...Anisopteromalus calandrae(Howard)shows great promise as an ectoparasitoid for controlling various coleopteran pests in warehouses.However,for a large-scale release,it is crucial to establish an ample supply of A.calandrae while carefully maintaining their quality and effectiveness.Appropriate cold storage techniques are the key to achieving these goals.Previous studies on cold storage have focused on specific developmental stages and explored cold storage conditions that can be applied only to those stages.Herein,we examined the development,survival and reproductive capacity of A.calandrae at different temperatures(13,16,and 19℃)and storage durations(30,60,and 90 d)and evaluated the fitness of the offspring.A.calandrae completed its egg-to-larva development and pupated at 16℃,but its development was arrested at an early pupal stage.Even after 90 d of cold storage at 16℃,the survival rate of A.calandrae remained high at 77%,with no significant impact on reproductive capacity.Furthermore,cold storage showed no negative effect on the F1 generation.In contrast,eggs stored at 13℃ failed to hatch,whereas those stored at 19℃ developed.Adults emerged after>60 d.This indicates that storage at 19℃ is only suitable for short durations.Our findings highlight the developmental pattern of A.calandrae at 16℃,indicating that the parasitic wasp can be stored for a long time at this temperature across all stages of development before pupation,substantially facilitating its mass reproduction and industrial production.展开更多
1.Challenges circular methane energy systems In recent decades,methane-based energy systems have rapidly gained traction across the globe because of the increasing availability of low-cost methane production capacity....1.Challenges circular methane energy systems In recent decades,methane-based energy systems have rapidly gained traction across the globe because of the increasing availability of low-cost methane production capacity.However,fossil methane production and combustion lead to large greenhouse gas emissions,contributing to climate change[1].展开更多
文摘According to the quantities of plant and animal products placed on the world market in 2022, agriculture and forestry captured 20.1 ± 1.5 billion tonnes (Gt or Pg) of CO2, with a weighted mean duration of the corresponding storage of 10.9 ± 3.3 years. These figures are supplemented here by the unharvested above-ground and below-ground parts of plants that are left in place and increase the soil organic carbon pool. This brings the capture by cultivated whole plants to 41.0 ± 0.6 GtCO2, and the storage duration weighted mean to 26.3 ± 2.0 years in 2022. This was the largest global contribution to the reduction of atmospheric CO2 by amplitude and duration, which bio-remediated the global anthropogenic emissions totally, cancelling their influence on climate. The enrichment of the atmosphere with CO2 comes probably from the ocean, which could be a source and not a sink. Complementary approaches, freed from doctrinal preconceptions, should make it possible to clarify further the compensations of CO2 emissions by plants and their environmental consequences.
基金supported by the Program of Excellent Innovation Talents,Guizhou Province,China(grant number 20206003-2).
文摘Anisopteromalus calandrae(Howard)shows great promise as an ectoparasitoid for controlling various coleopteran pests in warehouses.However,for a large-scale release,it is crucial to establish an ample supply of A.calandrae while carefully maintaining their quality and effectiveness.Appropriate cold storage techniques are the key to achieving these goals.Previous studies on cold storage have focused on specific developmental stages and explored cold storage conditions that can be applied only to those stages.Herein,we examined the development,survival and reproductive capacity of A.calandrae at different temperatures(13,16,and 19℃)and storage durations(30,60,and 90 d)and evaluated the fitness of the offspring.A.calandrae completed its egg-to-larva development and pupated at 16℃,but its development was arrested at an early pupal stage.Even after 90 d of cold storage at 16℃,the survival rate of A.calandrae remained high at 77%,with no significant impact on reproductive capacity.Furthermore,cold storage showed no negative effect on the F1 generation.In contrast,eggs stored at 13℃ failed to hatch,whereas those stored at 19℃ developed.Adults emerged after>60 d.This indicates that storage at 19℃ is only suitable for short durations.Our findings highlight the developmental pattern of A.calandrae at 16℃,indicating that the parasitic wasp can be stored for a long time at this temperature across all stages of development before pupation,substantially facilitating its mass reproduction and industrial production.
基金funding from the European Research Council(ERC)under grant agreement no.834134(WATUSO)VLAIO for Moonshot funding(ARCLATH,No.HBC.2019.0110 and ARCLATH2,No.HBC.2021.0254)+3 种基金supported by the Flemish Government as an international research infrastructure(I001321N)infrastructure support by Department EWI via the Hermes Fund(AH.2016.134)the Hercules Foundation(AKUL/13/21)FWO Vlaanderen for an FWO-SB fellowship。
文摘1.Challenges circular methane energy systems In recent decades,methane-based energy systems have rapidly gained traction across the globe because of the increasing availability of low-cost methane production capacity.However,fossil methane production and combustion lead to large greenhouse gas emissions,contributing to climate change[1].
