Studies conducted on crashes at rural intersections of state highways and local roads/streets with two-way stop control have proved that the problem was likely poor judgment by the stopped driver on the minor approach...Studies conducted on crashes at rural intersections of state highways and local roads/streets with two-way stop control have proved that the problem was likely poor judgment by the stopped driver on the minor approach of the speed of an oncoming vehicle and/or safe gap in traffic on the major highway. Several mitigating strategies have been suggested and studied in various studies to improve safety at the two-way stop control rural intersections and at other rural highway segments. There are also several low-cost techniques used, mostly in foreign countries, to slow drivers on major highways as they enter small towns and villages, e.g., narrowing pavement lines, establishing visual gateways, etc. Lowered speeds would decrease crash severity. In this study, four strategies including solar speed display units, mobile speed trailers, optical speed bars, and colored pavement were tested and assessed in some locations in Kansas. The results of this research indicate that both solar speed display units and mobile speed trailers are effective in speed reduction at the desired points, but optical speed bars and colored pavements do not yield reliable results. Additional studies and longer term studies, should be conducted.展开更多
The stop control strategy of modular multilevel converter based HVDC transmission system is proposed. This stop process is divided into stages of energy feedback and energy consumption. The DC voltage controller is co...The stop control strategy of modular multilevel converter based HVDC transmission system is proposed. This stop process is divided into stages of energy feedback and energy consumption. The DC voltage controller is coordinated to the used modules per phase when active power is transmitted prior to reactive power, so that the energy is fed back to the AC power grid connected to the converter station which uses the fixed dc voltage controller. In addition, in view of the different forms connected to the grid, specifically when the converter station supplies power for passive network, the passive converter station can take a certain auxiliary trigger strategy to make its maximum energy feedback to the grid. Finally, a simulation system of the MMC-HVDC system is constructed in Matlab/Simulink environment, and simulation results show that the proposed stop strategies are effective.展开更多
Ultrasonic vibration feeding（UVF） method which can quantitatively feed and precisely deposit fine powder is a potential technique for micro feeding.The excitation sources transmit vibration to capillary though the t...Ultrasonic vibration feeding（UVF） method which can quantitatively feed and precisely deposit fine powder is a potential technique for micro feeding.The excitation sources transmit vibration to capillary though the third medium for most UVF devices.The vibrator is directly touched with the capillary can transmit mechanical energy on the capillary as much as possible,and the powder feeding can be controlled more precise.However,there are few reports about it.A direct UVF system which integrates the function of micro feeding,process observing,and powder forming was developed in this work.In order to analyze the effect of the system factors on feeding,a group of L9（3^3） orthogonal experiments are selected to confirm the effect of level change of factors.The three factors are capillary nozzle diameter,amplitude and signal.The flow rate was stable for each combined factors,and the optimum combination for the minimum flow rate are choosing small capillary,small amplitude,and triangular wave orderly.The whole process of feeding includes start point,middle stage and stop stage.Starting of feeding was synchronized to vibration when the amplitude of capillary nozzle is larger than critical amplitude.Then,the feeding process enters the middle stage,the feeding state is observed by the CCD,and it is very stable in the middle stage.Overflow of feeding can＇t be eliminated during the stop stage.The features of the deposited powder lines are analyzed; the overflow can be diminished by choosing small capillary and appropriate ratio of the capillary nozzle diameter to the particle size.Chinese characters lattices were deposited to validate the ability of quantitatively feeding and fixed feeding of UVF.Diameters of all powder dots show normal distribution,and more than 60% dots are concentrated from 550 μm to 650 μm,and the average diameter for all the dots is 597 μm.Most dots positions are well approached to their scheduled positions,and the maximum deviation is 0.27 mm.The new direct UVF system is used to implement experiments,which confirms the precise controllable of feeding.According improve the feeding technique,it suits well for rapid prototyping,chemistry,pharmaceutics and many other fields,which require precise measurement and feed minim powder.展开更多
Purpose:The purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of sport experience on response inhibition and response re-engagement in expert badminton athletes during the stop-signal task and change-signal task....Purpose:The purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of sport experience on response inhibition and response re-engagement in expert badminton athletes during the stop-signal task and change-signal task.Methods:A total of 19 badminton athletes and 20 nonathletes performed both the stop-signal task and change-signal task.Reaction times(RTs)and event-related potentials were recorded and analyzed.Results:Behavioral results indicated that badminton athletes responded faster than nonathletes to go stimuli and to change signals,with faster change RTs and change-signal RTs,which take into consideration the variable stimulus onset time mean.During successful change trials in the change-signal task,the amplitudes of the event-related potential components N2 and P3 were smaller for badminton athletes than for nonathletes.Moreover,change-signal RTs and N2 amplitudes as well as change RTs and P3 amplitudes were significantly correlated in badminton athletes.A significant correlation was also found between the amplitude of the event-related potential component N1 and response accuracy to change signals in badminton athletes.Conclusion:Moderation of brain cortical activity in badminton athletes was more associated with their ability to rapidly inhibit a planned movement and re-engage with a new movement compared with nonathletes.The superior inhibitory control and more efficient neural mechanisms in badminton athletes compared with nonathletes might be a result of badminton athletes’ professional training experience.展开更多
研究基于DCS(Distributed Control System)的燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行智能控制系统,确保机组安全运行的同时,提高机组整体运行效率。构建基于DCS的燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行智能控制框架,过程控制层的Mark VI系统、DCS系统根据监测...研究基于DCS(Distributed Control System)的燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行智能控制系统,确保机组安全运行的同时,提高机组整体运行效率。构建基于DCS的燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行智能控制框架,过程控制层的Mark VI系统、DCS系统根据监测数据变化实现机组设备、旁路等自动控制。SIS层接收联合循环机组监测数据后,将其作为基于深度神经网络故障诊断模型的输入,实现机组设备故障的识别。在检测到故障时触发联锁保护子系统动作,将停机指令下达给自动启停控制子系统,使机组停止运行。实验结果表明,该系统可实现燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组设备故障识别,在100次训练后,训练损失为0.1左右,F-Score指标最大值为0.93;故障工况下,该系统可根据预定逻辑实现燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组自动停机。展开更多
针对过程复杂且结构未知的对象,在保证模型有效性的前提下,根据数据信息构建简单模型来简化控制器的求解是亟待解决的问题。以受控自回归模型为例,提出一种基于修正最小角回归算法的稀疏辨识方法。首先将系统模型转化为过参数化的高维...针对过程复杂且结构未知的对象,在保证模型有效性的前提下,根据数据信息构建简单模型来简化控制器的求解是亟待解决的问题。以受控自回归模型为例,提出一种基于修正最小角回归算法的稀疏辨识方法。首先将系统模型转化为过参数化的高维稀疏模型,然后将最小角回归算法用于稀疏系统辨识,并提出绝对角度停止准则,使算法经过少量的迭代即可获得模型的稀疏参数估计,并同时获得有效的时滞和阶次估计。结合辨识得到的受控自回归模型,引入一种基于指定相位点频率和增益的比例-积分-微分(proportional integral derivative,PID)控制器。数值仿真和平衡机器人的姿态控制仿真表明,该稀疏辨识算法在低数据量下具有较高的辨识精度,建立的模型具有较好的泛化性能,控制器具有良好的控制效果。展开更多
驾驶人行为习惯很大程度上影响了车辆的油耗及尾气排放.厘清不良驾驶行为(如怠速和急加减速等)与车辆碳排放的关系,对城市碳减排具有重要意义.基于广泛高精度的轨迹数据,结合车辆比功率(vehicle specific power,VSP)法计算不同尺度的碳...驾驶人行为习惯很大程度上影响了车辆的油耗及尾气排放.厘清不良驾驶行为(如怠速和急加减速等)与车辆碳排放的关系,对城市碳减排具有重要意义.基于广泛高精度的轨迹数据,结合车辆比功率(vehicle specific power,VSP)法计算不同尺度的碳排放特征,构建驾驶行为特征集;分析车辆碳排放分布,利用t-分布随机邻域嵌入(t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding,t-SNE)算法进行特征约简,并基于k-medoids算法进行聚类分析,捕捉高碳排放驾驶行为的共性;利用最大信息系数(maximal information coefficient,MIC)算法分析不同优先级车辆驾驶行为对碳排放的影响.结果表明,聚类分析将车辆划分为怠速型、普通型及急变速型3类,对应占比分别为28.8%、44.9%及26.3%,碳排放与道路优先级存在明显相关性,主次路车辆碳排放分布差异显著.高优先级车辆碳排放与车辆加速类特征相关性强,对于低优先级车辆,航向角变化值、怠速比例、最小车速与车辆碳排放相关性强.通过识别碳排放高的驾驶行为,提出针对性减少车辆动态运行状态下碳排放的措施,有利于完善城市碳减排体系建设.展开更多
文摘Studies conducted on crashes at rural intersections of state highways and local roads/streets with two-way stop control have proved that the problem was likely poor judgment by the stopped driver on the minor approach of the speed of an oncoming vehicle and/or safe gap in traffic on the major highway. Several mitigating strategies have been suggested and studied in various studies to improve safety at the two-way stop control rural intersections and at other rural highway segments. There are also several low-cost techniques used, mostly in foreign countries, to slow drivers on major highways as they enter small towns and villages, e.g., narrowing pavement lines, establishing visual gateways, etc. Lowered speeds would decrease crash severity. In this study, four strategies including solar speed display units, mobile speed trailers, optical speed bars, and colored pavement were tested and assessed in some locations in Kansas. The results of this research indicate that both solar speed display units and mobile speed trailers are effective in speed reduction at the desired points, but optical speed bars and colored pavements do not yield reliable results. Additional studies and longer term studies, should be conducted.
文摘The stop control strategy of modular multilevel converter based HVDC transmission system is proposed. This stop process is divided into stages of energy feedback and energy consumption. The DC voltage controller is coordinated to the used modules per phase when active power is transmitted prior to reactive power, so that the energy is fed back to the AC power grid connected to the converter station which uses the fixed dc voltage controller. In addition, in view of the different forms connected to the grid, specifically when the converter station supplies power for passive network, the passive converter station can take a certain auxiliary trigger strategy to make its maximum energy feedback to the grid. Finally, a simulation system of the MMC-HVDC system is constructed in Matlab/Simulink environment, and simulation results show that the proposed stop strategies are effective.
基金supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2008AA03A238)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51005186)Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China (Grant No. 2007B39)
文摘Ultrasonic vibration feeding（UVF） method which can quantitatively feed and precisely deposit fine powder is a potential technique for micro feeding.The excitation sources transmit vibration to capillary though the third medium for most UVF devices.The vibrator is directly touched with the capillary can transmit mechanical energy on the capillary as much as possible,and the powder feeding can be controlled more precise.However,there are few reports about it.A direct UVF system which integrates the function of micro feeding,process observing,and powder forming was developed in this work.In order to analyze the effect of the system factors on feeding,a group of L9（3^3） orthogonal experiments are selected to confirm the effect of level change of factors.The three factors are capillary nozzle diameter,amplitude and signal.The flow rate was stable for each combined factors,and the optimum combination for the minimum flow rate are choosing small capillary,small amplitude,and triangular wave orderly.The whole process of feeding includes start point,middle stage and stop stage.Starting of feeding was synchronized to vibration when the amplitude of capillary nozzle is larger than critical amplitude.Then,the feeding process enters the middle stage,the feeding state is observed by the CCD,and it is very stable in the middle stage.Overflow of feeding can＇t be eliminated during the stop stage.The features of the deposited powder lines are analyzed; the overflow can be diminished by choosing small capillary and appropriate ratio of the capillary nozzle diameter to the particle size.Chinese characters lattices were deposited to validate the ability of quantitatively feeding and fixed feeding of UVF.Diameters of all powder dots show normal distribution,and more than 60% dots are concentrated from 550 μm to 650 μm,and the average diameter for all the dots is 597 μm.Most dots positions are well approached to their scheduled positions,and the maximum deviation is 0.27 mm.The new direct UVF system is used to implement experiments,which confirms the precise controllable of feeding.According improve the feeding technique,it suits well for rapid prototyping,chemistry,pharmaceutics and many other fields,which require precise measurement and feed minim powder.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China (31571151,31700985)the Scientific and Technological Commission of Shanghai(17080503100)
文摘Purpose:The purpose of present study was to investigate the impact of sport experience on response inhibition and response re-engagement in expert badminton athletes during the stop-signal task and change-signal task.Methods:A total of 19 badminton athletes and 20 nonathletes performed both the stop-signal task and change-signal task.Reaction times(RTs)and event-related potentials were recorded and analyzed.Results:Behavioral results indicated that badminton athletes responded faster than nonathletes to go stimuli and to change signals,with faster change RTs and change-signal RTs,which take into consideration the variable stimulus onset time mean.During successful change trials in the change-signal task,the amplitudes of the event-related potential components N2 and P3 were smaller for badminton athletes than for nonathletes.Moreover,change-signal RTs and N2 amplitudes as well as change RTs and P3 amplitudes were significantly correlated in badminton athletes.A significant correlation was also found between the amplitude of the event-related potential component N1 and response accuracy to change signals in badminton athletes.Conclusion:Moderation of brain cortical activity in badminton athletes was more associated with their ability to rapidly inhibit a planned movement and re-engage with a new movement compared with nonathletes.The superior inhibitory control and more efficient neural mechanisms in badminton athletes compared with nonathletes might be a result of badminton athletes’ professional training experience.
文摘研究基于DCS(Distributed Control System)的燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行智能控制系统,确保机组安全运行的同时,提高机组整体运行效率。构建基于DCS的燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组运行智能控制框架,过程控制层的Mark VI系统、DCS系统根据监测数据变化实现机组设备、旁路等自动控制。SIS层接收联合循环机组监测数据后,将其作为基于深度神经网络故障诊断模型的输入,实现机组设备故障的识别。在检测到故障时触发联锁保护子系统动作,将停机指令下达给自动启停控制子系统,使机组停止运行。实验结果表明,该系统可实现燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组设备故障识别,在100次训练后,训练损失为0.1左右,F-Score指标最大值为0.93;故障工况下,该系统可根据预定逻辑实现燃气-蒸汽联合循环机组自动停机。
文摘针对过程复杂且结构未知的对象,在保证模型有效性的前提下,根据数据信息构建简单模型来简化控制器的求解是亟待解决的问题。以受控自回归模型为例,提出一种基于修正最小角回归算法的稀疏辨识方法。首先将系统模型转化为过参数化的高维稀疏模型,然后将最小角回归算法用于稀疏系统辨识,并提出绝对角度停止准则,使算法经过少量的迭代即可获得模型的稀疏参数估计,并同时获得有效的时滞和阶次估计。结合辨识得到的受控自回归模型,引入一种基于指定相位点频率和增益的比例-积分-微分(proportional integral derivative,PID)控制器。数值仿真和平衡机器人的姿态控制仿真表明,该稀疏辨识算法在低数据量下具有较高的辨识精度,建立的模型具有较好的泛化性能,控制器具有良好的控制效果。
文摘驾驶人行为习惯很大程度上影响了车辆的油耗及尾气排放.厘清不良驾驶行为(如怠速和急加减速等)与车辆碳排放的关系,对城市碳减排具有重要意义.基于广泛高精度的轨迹数据,结合车辆比功率(vehicle specific power,VSP)法计算不同尺度的碳排放特征,构建驾驶行为特征集;分析车辆碳排放分布,利用t-分布随机邻域嵌入(t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding,t-SNE)算法进行特征约简,并基于k-medoids算法进行聚类分析,捕捉高碳排放驾驶行为的共性;利用最大信息系数(maximal information coefficient,MIC)算法分析不同优先级车辆驾驶行为对碳排放的影响.结果表明,聚类分析将车辆划分为怠速型、普通型及急变速型3类,对应占比分别为28.8%、44.9%及26.3%,碳排放与道路优先级存在明显相关性,主次路车辆碳排放分布差异显著.高优先级车辆碳排放与车辆加速类特征相关性强,对于低优先级车辆,航向角变化值、怠速比例、最小车速与车辆碳排放相关性强.通过识别碳排放高的驾驶行为,提出针对性减少车辆动态运行状态下碳排放的措施,有利于完善城市碳减排体系建设.
