Global Stocktake is an important component of the global climate governance mechanism.The first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2023 has clarified collective progress and identified the paths to bridge g...Global Stocktake is an important component of the global climate governance mechanism.The first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2023 has clarified collective progress and identified the paths to bridge gaps,but its understanding in the academic and policy communities is not yet systematic and comprehensive.Therefore,this study adopts textual analysis,timeline analysis,and game theory methods to comprehensively analyze the process and outcomes of the first Global Stocktake.The study finds that:①The first Global Stocktake underwent three stages,including scientific enhancement,technical dialogue,and political consensus,and took more than five years to reach the final outcome of the United Arab Emirates(UAE)Consensus in which the 1.5℃temperature control target anchored in the scientific enhancement stage set the general tone for the stocktake.②The first Global Stocktake focused on three specific areas—mitigation,adaptation,means of implementation and support—to fully realize the signaling effect.③The most prominent outcome of the stocktake is the new consensus on“transitioning away from all fossil fuels in energy systems”,which specifies the direction for countries to update their nationally determined contributions in 2025 and for the international community to conduct the second Global Stocktake in 2028.④The four groups of countries,namely,developed countries,emerging economies,hydrocarbon-exporting-oriented economies,and climate-vulnerable countries,have different interests and hold distinct core positions,which constrain each other but advance the global stocktake process as a whole.⑤The outcomes of the stocktake are comprehensive and systematic,with as many as 196 consensus items;however,the detailed targets for the three major focus areas are unclear and rigid,and need to be strengthened in the second global stocktake.The study suggests that,on the one hand,China needs to strengthen its policy research in the light of the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake and prepare for the submission of updated nationally determined contribution in 2025 for 2035,which should be consistent with the 1.5℃temperature control target.On the other hand,China should continue to take advantage of the zero-carbon industry to lead global climate change action and expand national development right and international communication capacity.展开更多
The global push for carbon neutrality highlights the need for rigorous assessments of whether national efforts align with stated targets.However,existing evaluations often prioritize commitments over tangible progress...The global push for carbon neutrality highlights the need for rigorous assessments of whether national efforts align with stated targets.However,existing evaluations often prioritize commitments over tangible progress,lacking comprehensive and transparent metrics.To bridge this gap,we develop a multidimensional indicator system that evaluates targets,policies,actions,and effectiveness across key areas,including policy implementation,technology deployment,financial investment,and international cooperation.While 151 countries have pledged carbon neutralityd19 of which are developing nations that made commitments in 2024dimplementation remains uneven.Only 72 countries have established complete policy frameworks,and advanced low-carbon technologies are concentrated in a handful of nations.Current trends indicate that global renewable energy capacity will reach just 2.7 times its 2022 level by 2030,falling short of the tripling target.Moreover,the global median action score in 2024 stands at only 25dfar below the target of 65dhighlighting the urgency for stronger efforts.Our findings reveal a significant gap between ambition and action,with renewable energy deployment lagging behind expectations.To accelerate progress,enhanced global cooperation,increased investment,and fewer barriers to technology diffusion are crucial.This study underscores the need for more implementationfocused tracking to ensure carbon neutrality commitments translate into measurable outcomes.展开更多
In order to mitigate global warming,the international communities actively explore low-carbon and green development methods.According to the Paris Agreement that came into effect in 2016,there will be a global stockta...In order to mitigate global warming,the international communities actively explore low-carbon and green development methods.According to the Paris Agreement that came into effect in 2016,there will be a global stocktaking plan to carry out every 5 years from 2023 onwards.In September 2020,China proposed a"double carbon"target of carbon peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060.Achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals requires accurate carbon emissions and carbon absorptions.China’s existing carbon monitoring methods have insufficient detection accuracy,low spatial resolution,and narrow swath,which are difficult to meet the monitoring requirement of carbon sources and sinks monitoring.In order to meet the needs of carbon stocktaking and support the monitoring and supervision of carbon sources and sinks,it is recommended to make full use of the foundation of the existing satellites,improve the detection technical specifications of carbon sources and sinks monitoring measures,and build a multi-means and comprehensive,LEO-GEO orbit carbon monitoring satellite system to achieve higher precision,higher resolution and multi-dimensional carbon monitoring.On this basis,it is recommended to strengthen international cooperation,improve data sharing policy,actively participate in the development of carbon retrieval algorithm and the setting of international carbon monitoring standards,establish an independent and controllable global carbon monitoring and evaluation system,and contribute China’s strength to the global realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China“Study on the Construction of China’s Economic Transformation Model Toward Carbon Neutrality”[Grant No.72140001].
文摘Global Stocktake is an important component of the global climate governance mechanism.The first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement in 2023 has clarified collective progress and identified the paths to bridge gaps,but its understanding in the academic and policy communities is not yet systematic and comprehensive.Therefore,this study adopts textual analysis,timeline analysis,and game theory methods to comprehensively analyze the process and outcomes of the first Global Stocktake.The study finds that:①The first Global Stocktake underwent three stages,including scientific enhancement,technical dialogue,and political consensus,and took more than five years to reach the final outcome of the United Arab Emirates(UAE)Consensus in which the 1.5℃temperature control target anchored in the scientific enhancement stage set the general tone for the stocktake.②The first Global Stocktake focused on three specific areas—mitigation,adaptation,means of implementation and support—to fully realize the signaling effect.③The most prominent outcome of the stocktake is the new consensus on“transitioning away from all fossil fuels in energy systems”,which specifies the direction for countries to update their nationally determined contributions in 2025 and for the international community to conduct the second Global Stocktake in 2028.④The four groups of countries,namely,developed countries,emerging economies,hydrocarbon-exporting-oriented economies,and climate-vulnerable countries,have different interests and hold distinct core positions,which constrain each other but advance the global stocktake process as a whole.⑤The outcomes of the stocktake are comprehensive and systematic,with as many as 196 consensus items;however,the detailed targets for the three major focus areas are unclear and rigid,and need to be strengthened in the second global stocktake.The study suggests that,on the one hand,China needs to strengthen its policy research in the light of the outcomes of the first Global Stocktake and prepare for the submission of updated nationally determined contribution in 2025 for 2035,which should be consistent with the 1.5℃temperature control target.On the other hand,China should continue to take advantage of the zero-carbon industry to lead global climate change action and expand national development right and international communication capacity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72140002,72348001 and 72204137).
文摘The global push for carbon neutrality highlights the need for rigorous assessments of whether national efforts align with stated targets.However,existing evaluations often prioritize commitments over tangible progress,lacking comprehensive and transparent metrics.To bridge this gap,we develop a multidimensional indicator system that evaluates targets,policies,actions,and effectiveness across key areas,including policy implementation,technology deployment,financial investment,and international cooperation.While 151 countries have pledged carbon neutralityd19 of which are developing nations that made commitments in 2024dimplementation remains uneven.Only 72 countries have established complete policy frameworks,and advanced low-carbon technologies are concentrated in a handful of nations.Current trends indicate that global renewable energy capacity will reach just 2.7 times its 2022 level by 2030,falling short of the tripling target.Moreover,the global median action score in 2024 stands at only 25dfar below the target of 65dhighlighting the urgency for stronger efforts.Our findings reveal a significant gap between ambition and action,with renewable energy deployment lagging behind expectations.To accelerate progress,enhanced global cooperation,increased investment,and fewer barriers to technology diffusion are crucial.This study underscores the need for more implementationfocused tracking to ensure carbon neutrality commitments translate into measurable outcomes.
文摘In order to mitigate global warming,the international communities actively explore low-carbon and green development methods.According to the Paris Agreement that came into effect in 2016,there will be a global stocktaking plan to carry out every 5 years from 2023 onwards.In September 2020,China proposed a"double carbon"target of carbon peaking before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060.Achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals requires accurate carbon emissions and carbon absorptions.China’s existing carbon monitoring methods have insufficient detection accuracy,low spatial resolution,and narrow swath,which are difficult to meet the monitoring requirement of carbon sources and sinks monitoring.In order to meet the needs of carbon stocktaking and support the monitoring and supervision of carbon sources and sinks,it is recommended to make full use of the foundation of the existing satellites,improve the detection technical specifications of carbon sources and sinks monitoring measures,and build a multi-means and comprehensive,LEO-GEO orbit carbon monitoring satellite system to achieve higher precision,higher resolution and multi-dimensional carbon monitoring.On this basis,it is recommended to strengthen international cooperation,improve data sharing policy,actively participate in the development of carbon retrieval algorithm and the setting of international carbon monitoring standards,establish an independent and controllable global carbon monitoring and evaluation system,and contribute China’s strength to the global realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.
