To investigate the spoilage characteristics of Jinhua ham,sensory scores,volatile compounds,biogenic amine,physicochemical parameters and microbial counts were evaluated between normal and spoiled hams.The results sho...To investigate the spoilage characteristics of Jinhua ham,sensory scores,volatile compounds,biogenic amine,physicochemical parameters and microbial counts were evaluated between normal and spoiled hams.The results showed that off-odors of spoiled hams were dominated by rancid,sour,sulfide and ammonia odors derived from these compounds including butanoic acid,methanethiol and dimethyl disulfide.Total content of biogenic amine in spoiled hams was significantly higher(more than 10-fold)compared with normal hams,and putrescine,cadaverine and histamine were the key components of biogenic amine of spoiled hams.Lower salt content,and higher moisture,TVB-N and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)values were observed in spoiled hams compared with normal hams.The populations of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus of spoiled hams were obviously higher than that of normal hams.High moisture and low salt content caused the abnormal growth of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus in spoiled hams,which contributed to the spoilage of Jinhua ham.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Globally dental diseases are mainly caused by</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Streptococcus mutans</span></i><...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Globally dental diseases are mainly caused by</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Streptococcus mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, it is one of the leading causative agents of dental caries worldwide, because of its resistance to </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">conventional antibacterial agents, alternative therapies are used to control resistance of oral pathogens. This research was done to determine the antibacterial activities of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) chewing sticks on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> isolated from the oral cavity. The study was conducted in Owerri Imo State Nigeria during November-December</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> period. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts was done using appropriate techniques. The procedure used for antimicrobial susceptibility test was disk diffusion method. Serial dilutions of</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarind</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) extracts were prepared, Muller-Hinton media was used to put together the extract of serial dilutions of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) and </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">microbiological procedure w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> used for visually determining the minimum inhibitory concentration as well as minimum bactericidal concentration. Phytochemical evaluation of the plants</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> extracts revealed that it contains saponins, tannins, alkaloid, steriods, glycosides and phenol. The results obtained from the antibacterial susceptibility testing of the extracts against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed that the zones of inhibition recorded ranged from 18</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm to 27</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm. Ethanol (Soxhlet) extract of I</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cheku twig showed no zone of inhibition on the isolated organism. The</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ethanol (soxhlet) extract of the individual </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) has a better antibacterial effect when compared to their aqueous extracts and combined forms. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) twigs are made up of composite that </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> active against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and can be used in oral hygiene. There is </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">need for further investigation on the plant extracts as the rural poor make use of it because it is cheap, readily available and the rich also use it once they are in the village mostly in Eastern Nigeria. Similarly chewing sticks has been reported to be practiced by 90 of rural population in Nigeria</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.展开更多
Larvae of Apriona germari （Hope）, found widely in China, cause serious damage to trees and are difficult to control. Since some biological control methods have not been applied effectively in the field, chemical con...Larvae of Apriona germari （Hope）, found widely in China, cause serious damage to trees and are difficult to control. Since some biological control methods have not been applied effectively in the field, chemical control methods are used widely. Because of low cost, no poisonous residues and relatively safe application, zinc phosphide sticks have been tested to control the larvae as a matter of urgency. However, there were no criteria about the dosage and use. Given the characteristics of larvae tunnels on triploid Populus tomentosa trees and the one-on-one way of using poison-fumigated sticks, the larvae were treated by three treatments with zinc phosphide sticks. The treatments are as follows： inserting one stick into the first hole of the tunnel from bottom to top （T1）, inserting a stick into each of the lowest two holes （T2） and inserting one stick into the first and third hole from bottom to top separately （T3）. We cleared the frass around the holes and on the ground before inserting the sticks and blocking every hole with mud for each treatment. After the fourth investigation was carried out, the larvae of CK were still active, and had caused serious damage and emanated fresh fi＇ass from old and new holes. Some larvae treated with T1 and T2 were in an intermediate state, but all of the larvae treated with T3 died completely and their old holes had healed. The results show that inserting zinc phosphide sticks （the extent of dispersion of the sticks was 20%） is a feasible method to control A. germari （Hope） larvae in triploid P. tomentosa of pulpwood trees. Because there were no statistically significant differences （p 〉 0.05） among the three treatments, we recommend that T1 should be used for economic efficacy.展开更多
To address the problems of insufficient pore structure regulation and low yield in the preparation of biomass activated carbon(AC),a new method for the preparation of AC precursors based on supercritical carbon dioxid...To address the problems of insufficient pore structure regulation and low yield in the preparation of biomass activated carbon(AC),a new method for the preparation of AC precursors based on supercritical carbon dioxide(sc-CO_(2))pretreatment was developed in this study.High-performance AC adsorbent materials were systematically prepared from waste mushroom sticks(MSs)by supercritical CO_(2) pretreatment combined with KOH activation process.The regulation of the pore structure of the AC materials by the pretreatment and activation process parameters was investigated,and the results showed that the pretreatment technology could significantly improve the adsorption performance and the preparation yield of the AC.Compared with direct activation of the MSs,the maximum yield increased by 4.31 times,the maximal pore volume increased by 25.24%,and the maximal specific surface area increased by 16.12%.The optimal conditions for the preparation of AC were as follows:activation temperature of 700℃,carbon to KOH ratio of 1:3,and activation time of 100 min.展开更多
Objective： To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases.Methods： In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite e...Objective： To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases.Methods： In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model （FEM） of the total human model for safety （THUMS） head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks.Results： In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values.Conclusions： The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.展开更多
Objective: To invent a novel animal experimentation moxa device and intend to solve temperature fluctuations during moxa stick burning in animal moxibustion test. Methods: Smokeless moxa sticks of 4 mm in diameter and...Objective: To invent a novel animal experimentation moxa device and intend to solve temperature fluctuations during moxa stick burning in animal moxibustion test. Methods: Smokeless moxa sticks of 4 mm in diameter and 120 mm in length were selected in this trial. The target temperature was(47±1) ℃. The burning temperature versus time graph of moxa sticks during un-interfered time period were recorded when the distances between moxa sticks and thermometer were 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm respectively. In addition, the total lengths of burned moxa stick ashes within 0-5 min were recorded. Then the moxa stick burning temperature versus time graph after intervention was measured. Results: The maximum temperatures during test duration when the distances were 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm were(47.37±0.25) ℃,(42.62±2.05) ℃ and(35.50±0.40) ℃respectively the total lengths of burned ashes from 0-5 min were(5.1±0.08) mm,(12.17±0.44) mm,(14.8±0.31) mm,(17.25±0.17) mm and(19.82±0.67) mm respectively with a distance of 2 mm between a moxa stick and the testing area, remove 5 mm ashes every 2 min, then the maximum and minimum temperatures within 10 min were(48.37±0.47) ℃and(47.12±0.25) ℃, showing no statistical significance(P=0.12). Conclusion: The novel animal experimentation moxa device can help to maintain relatively constant moxa stick burning temperature during test period.展开更多
When I think of jelly,what comes to mind is the bright-colored mix from the supermarket that you dissolve in warm water to end up with a big bowl of artificially flavored Jell-O.But for my cousins who grew up in Harbi...When I think of jelly,what comes to mind is the bright-colored mix from the supermarket that you dissolve in warm water to end up with a big bowl of artificially flavored Jell-O.But for my cousins who grew up in Harbin,in China's northeastern region known as Dongbei,jelly means something entirely different.展开更多
Envisaged as a sort of‘international house of skewers’,STYX is a charismatic little restau・rant inside Yong Ping Li,a redeveloped complex on Hengshan Lu that's also home to such luminaries as Colca,Crafted and L...Envisaged as a sort of‘international house of skewers’,STYX is a charismatic little restau・rant inside Yong Ping Li,a redeveloped complex on Hengshan Lu that's also home to such luminaries as Colca,Crafted and La Bodeguita del Medio.展开更多
Authored by a senior curator at the National Museum of China,this book is based on the Ancient Chinese Dietary Culture Exhibition designed and carried out by the museum.It deeply explores historical documents and uses...Authored by a senior curator at the National Museum of China,this book is based on the Ancient Chinese Dietary Culture Exhibition designed and carried out by the museum.It deeply explores historical documents and uses artifacts as the narrative thread,outlining the development of Chinese dietary culture over millennia.It elucidates ancient Chinese dietary culture from various angles,presenting a vivid and Lively depiction of this aspect of ancient Chinese life in clearand simple language.展开更多
提出了一种基于改进测地线主动轮廓(geodesic active contour,GAC)的自动分割算法.首先通过结合径向浅浮槽和区域填充算法得到滤波后图像的大致轮廓,然后通过构造基于区域信息的符号压力函数代替边界停止函数,并且加入了基于边界梯度信...提出了一种基于改进测地线主动轮廓(geodesic active contour,GAC)的自动分割算法.首先通过结合径向浅浮槽和区域填充算法得到滤波后图像的大致轮廓,然后通过构造基于区域信息的符号压力函数代替边界停止函数,并且加入了基于边界梯度信息的能量项,有效地克服了弱边界的问题.该模型用二值水平集方法实现,使算法的稳定性更高,计算量大大降低.对前列腺直肠超声图像的实验结果表明:本算法迭代收敛速度快,有效避免了边界泄露问题.展开更多
The sticking behavior of pellets affects the continuity of production in hydrogen-based shaft furnace.The coupling influences of V_(2)O_(5) and reduction temperature on reduction sticking behavior and mechanism evolut...The sticking behavior of pellets affects the continuity of production in hydrogen-based shaft furnace.The coupling influences of V_(2)O_(5) and reduction temperature on reduction sticking behavior and mechanism evolution of pellets under hydrogen atmosphere are investigated.The increase in V_(2)O_(5) addition aggravated the reduction sticking behavior,which is attributed to the combined functions of the development of unique interwoven structure in the metallic iron interconnections at the reduction sticking interface and the deterioration of reduction swelling behavior of pellets.In addition,the strength of metallic iron interconnections enhanced and reduction sticking behavior aggravated with the increase in reduction temperature.Importantly,compared to other reduction temperatures,the reduction sticking behavior of pellets was most significantly aggravated with the increase in V_(2)O_(5) addition at 1000℃.And the values of sticking index increased from 10.22%to 15.36% as the V_(2)O_(5) addition increased from 0 to 1.00 wt.%at 1000℃.展开更多
一、阅读理解[核心素养·文化意识](2024·贵州铜仁一模) The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented thou-sands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamb...一、阅读理解[核心素养·文化意识](2024·贵州铜仁一模) The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented thou-sands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk.展开更多
Lonchodidae is the family with the largest number of genera in Phasmatodea.Due to the lack of complete mitochondrial genome data for most genera,it is not possible to determine the phylogenetic relationships between d...Lonchodidae is the family with the largest number of genera in Phasmatodea.Due to the lack of complete mitochondrial genome data for most genera,it is not possible to determine the phylogenetic relationships between different genera in Lonchodidae.This study reports the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence in the genus Paramenexenus,represented by the species P.congnatus.The mitochondrial genome of P.congnatus is 17,315 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes,2 ribosomal RNA genes,22 transfer RNA genes,and one non-coding control region.The evolutionary rates of the 13 PCGs in Lonchodidae,the atp8 and nad2 genes exhibit higher rates of evolution,while the coxI and cox2 gene have lower rates of evolution.We conducted phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods,with 20 species from 13 genera as ingroups and one species of Phylliidae as outgroups.The phylogenetic trees show that Lonchodidae was mainly divided into two clades,the subfamily Necrosciinae from the monophyletic group,and the genus Paramenexenus belonged to Necrosciinae.展开更多
Primary challenges with a forest inventory program are surveyors with various levels of experience and the turnover of inexperienced surveyors.Few studies have looked at the consistency of an instrument’s results amo...Primary challenges with a forest inventory program are surveyors with various levels of experience and the turnover of inexperienced surveyors.Few studies have looked at the consistency of an instrument’s results among inexperienced surveyors.Most studies have assessed whether instruments were significantly different.These tests do not indicate whether instruments were statistically equivalent,i.e.,that choosing either one would be acceptable under a certain level of tolerance.This study evaluated the consistency and statistical equivalence among instruments for measuring diameter at breast height(DBH)and for total tree height(HT)among inexperienced surveyors.The study was conducted as a randomized experiment with students from an introductory tree measurement course,using four types of DBH and HT instruments,and with different tree attributes.For DBH,the results show that D-tape was the most consistent across tree attributes and teams of inexperienced surveyors and was only statistically interchangeable with Caliper with a tolerance≥3 cm.For HT,Ultrasound was the most consistent but only statistically interchangeable with Laser with a tolerance≥8 m.A single type of instrument for measuring DBH and for HT is recommended,especially when field crews may be a mixture of experienced and inexperienced surveyors.Our study provides initial recommendations on the choice of instruments when either purchasing new ones or replacing old ones in forest inventories.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(3210197532022066+7 种基金31871825)National Key Research&Development Program of China(2021YFD2100104)Modern Agricultural Technical Foundation of China(CARS-42-25)Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation(LQ22C200017)China Postdoctoral Foundation(2020M6818062021T140348)Science and Technology Programs of Ningbo(202003N4130202002N3067)。
文摘To investigate the spoilage characteristics of Jinhua ham,sensory scores,volatile compounds,biogenic amine,physicochemical parameters and microbial counts were evaluated between normal and spoiled hams.The results showed that off-odors of spoiled hams were dominated by rancid,sour,sulfide and ammonia odors derived from these compounds including butanoic acid,methanethiol and dimethyl disulfide.Total content of biogenic amine in spoiled hams was significantly higher(more than 10-fold)compared with normal hams,and putrescine,cadaverine and histamine were the key components of biogenic amine of spoiled hams.Lower salt content,and higher moisture,TVB-N and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS)values were observed in spoiled hams compared with normal hams.The populations of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus of spoiled hams were obviously higher than that of normal hams.High moisture and low salt content caused the abnormal growth of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus in spoiled hams,which contributed to the spoilage of Jinhua ham.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Globally dental diseases are mainly caused by</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Streptococcus mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, it is one of the leading causative agents of dental caries worldwide, because of its resistance to </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">conventional antibacterial agents, alternative therapies are used to control resistance of oral pathogens. This research was done to determine the antibacterial activities of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) chewing sticks on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> isolated from the oral cavity. The study was conducted in Owerri Imo State Nigeria during November-December</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> period. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts was done using appropriate techniques. The procedure used for antimicrobial susceptibility test was disk diffusion method. Serial dilutions of</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarind</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) extracts were prepared, Muller-Hinton media was used to put together the extract of serial dilutions of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) and </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">microbiological procedure w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> used for visually determining the minimum inhibitory concentration as well as minimum bactericidal concentration. Phytochemical evaluation of the plants</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> extracts revealed that it contains saponins, tannins, alkaloid, steriods, glycosides and phenol. The results obtained from the antibacterial susceptibility testing of the extracts against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> showed that the zones of inhibition recorded ranged from 18</span></span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm to 27</span><span style="font-family:""> </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">mm. Ethanol (Soxhlet) extract of I</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">cheku twig showed no zone of inhibition on the isolated organism. The</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ethanol (soxhlet) extract of the individual </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) has a better antibacterial effect when compared to their aqueous extracts and combined forms. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Psidium guajava</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Guava) and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Velvet tamarin</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> (Icheku) twigs are made up of composite that </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> active against </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. mutans</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and can be used in oral hygiene. There is </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">need for further investigation on the plant extracts as the rural poor make use of it because it is cheap, readily available and the rich also use it once they are in the village mostly in Eastern Nigeria. Similarly chewing sticks has been reported to be practiced by 90 of rural population in Nigeria</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.
基金supported by the National Project of ScienceTechnology for the 11th Five-Year Plan in China (Grant No. 2006BAD32B)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT0607)
文摘Larvae of Apriona germari （Hope）, found widely in China, cause serious damage to trees and are difficult to control. Since some biological control methods have not been applied effectively in the field, chemical control methods are used widely. Because of low cost, no poisonous residues and relatively safe application, zinc phosphide sticks have been tested to control the larvae as a matter of urgency. However, there were no criteria about the dosage and use. Given the characteristics of larvae tunnels on triploid Populus tomentosa trees and the one-on-one way of using poison-fumigated sticks, the larvae were treated by three treatments with zinc phosphide sticks. The treatments are as follows： inserting one stick into the first hole of the tunnel from bottom to top （T1）, inserting a stick into each of the lowest two holes （T2） and inserting one stick into the first and third hole from bottom to top separately （T3）. We cleared the frass around the holes and on the ground before inserting the sticks and blocking every hole with mud for each treatment. After the fourth investigation was carried out, the larvae of CK were still active, and had caused serious damage and emanated fresh fi＇ass from old and new holes. Some larvae treated with T1 and T2 were in an intermediate state, but all of the larvae treated with T3 died completely and their old holes had healed. The results show that inserting zinc phosphide sticks （the extent of dispersion of the sticks was 20%） is a feasible method to control A. germari （Hope） larvae in triploid P. tomentosa of pulpwood trees. Because there were no statistically significant differences （p 〉 0.05） among the three treatments, we recommend that T1 should be used for economic efficacy.
基金supported by the Basic Science Center Program for Ordered Energy Conversion of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52488201).
文摘To address the problems of insufficient pore structure regulation and low yield in the preparation of biomass activated carbon(AC),a new method for the preparation of AC precursors based on supercritical carbon dioxide(sc-CO_(2))pretreatment was developed in this study.High-performance AC adsorbent materials were systematically prepared from waste mushroom sticks(MSs)by supercritical CO_(2) pretreatment combined with KOH activation process.The regulation of the pore structure of the AC materials by the pretreatment and activation process parameters was investigated,and the results showed that the pretreatment technology could significantly improve the adsorption performance and the preparation yield of the AC.Compared with direct activation of the MSs,the maximum yield increased by 4.31 times,the maximal pore volume increased by 25.24%,and the maximal specific surface area increased by 16.12%.The optimal conditions for the preparation of AC were as follows:activation temperature of 700℃,carbon to KOH ratio of 1:3,and activation time of 100 min.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 31200709 and 31170908）, and Academician Funds （No. cstc2012jjys0004）.
文摘Objective： To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases.Methods： In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model （FEM） of the total human model for safety （THUMS） head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks.Results： In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values.Conclusions： The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.
基金supported by Special Project for Laboratory Animals, Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (No.11140900902)
文摘Objective: To invent a novel animal experimentation moxa device and intend to solve temperature fluctuations during moxa stick burning in animal moxibustion test. Methods: Smokeless moxa sticks of 4 mm in diameter and 120 mm in length were selected in this trial. The target temperature was(47±1) ℃. The burning temperature versus time graph of moxa sticks during un-interfered time period were recorded when the distances between moxa sticks and thermometer were 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm respectively. In addition, the total lengths of burned moxa stick ashes within 0-5 min were recorded. Then the moxa stick burning temperature versus time graph after intervention was measured. Results: The maximum temperatures during test duration when the distances were 2 mm, 3 mm and 4 mm were(47.37±0.25) ℃,(42.62±2.05) ℃ and(35.50±0.40) ℃respectively the total lengths of burned ashes from 0-5 min were(5.1±0.08) mm,(12.17±0.44) mm,(14.8±0.31) mm,(17.25±0.17) mm and(19.82±0.67) mm respectively with a distance of 2 mm between a moxa stick and the testing area, remove 5 mm ashes every 2 min, then the maximum and minimum temperatures within 10 min were(48.37±0.47) ℃and(47.12±0.25) ℃, showing no statistical significance(P=0.12). Conclusion: The novel animal experimentation moxa device can help to maintain relatively constant moxa stick burning temperature during test period.
文摘When I think of jelly,what comes to mind is the bright-colored mix from the supermarket that you dissolve in warm water to end up with a big bowl of artificially flavored Jell-O.But for my cousins who grew up in Harbin,in China's northeastern region known as Dongbei,jelly means something entirely different.
文摘Envisaged as a sort of‘international house of skewers’,STYX is a charismatic little restau・rant inside Yong Ping Li,a redeveloped complex on Hengshan Lu that's also home to such luminaries as Colca,Crafted and La Bodeguita del Medio.
文摘Authored by a senior curator at the National Museum of China,this book is based on the Ancient Chinese Dietary Culture Exhibition designed and carried out by the museum.It deeply explores historical documents and uses artifacts as the narrative thread,outlining the development of Chinese dietary culture over millennia.It elucidates ancient Chinese dietary culture from various angles,presenting a vivid and Lively depiction of this aspect of ancient Chinese life in clearand simple language.
文摘提出了一种基于改进测地线主动轮廓(geodesic active contour,GAC)的自动分割算法.首先通过结合径向浅浮槽和区域填充算法得到滤波后图像的大致轮廓,然后通过构造基于区域信息的符号压力函数代替边界停止函数,并且加入了基于边界梯度信息的能量项,有效地克服了弱边界的问题.该模型用二值水平集方法实现,使算法的稳定性更高,计算量大大降低.对前列腺直肠超声图像的实验结果表明:本算法迭代收敛速度快,有效避免了边界泄露问题.
基金supported by the authors are especially grateful to the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51904063)the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U23A20608)+6 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N2025023,N2225046)Postdoctoral Followship Program of CPSF(GZC20230392)Science&Technology Plan Project of Liaoning Province(2022JH24/10200027)Science&Technology Plan Project of Hebei Province(23314601L)Science and Technology Program of Liaoning of China(2023JH2/101700304)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M740551)Liaoning Province Science and Technology Plan Joint Program(Key Research and Development Program Project)(2023JH2/101800058).
文摘The sticking behavior of pellets affects the continuity of production in hydrogen-based shaft furnace.The coupling influences of V_(2)O_(5) and reduction temperature on reduction sticking behavior and mechanism evolution of pellets under hydrogen atmosphere are investigated.The increase in V_(2)O_(5) addition aggravated the reduction sticking behavior,which is attributed to the combined functions of the development of unique interwoven structure in the metallic iron interconnections at the reduction sticking interface and the deterioration of reduction swelling behavior of pellets.In addition,the strength of metallic iron interconnections enhanced and reduction sticking behavior aggravated with the increase in reduction temperature.Importantly,compared to other reduction temperatures,the reduction sticking behavior of pellets was most significantly aggravated with the increase in V_(2)O_(5) addition at 1000℃.And the values of sticking index increased from 10.22%to 15.36% as the V_(2)O_(5) addition increased from 0 to 1.00 wt.%at 1000℃.
文摘一、阅读理解[核心素养·文化意识](2024·贵州铜仁一模) The brush pen, one of the “Four Treasures of the Study”, was invented thou-sands of years ago. However, the oldest pen was just a stick or a piece of bamboo. It was difficult for people to write well on thin silk.
基金supported by the Yunnan Provincial High-level Talent Training Support Program"Youth Top-notch Talent"Special Project(YNWR-QNBJ-2020-176)the Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202001AT070142)the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Forest Disaster Warning and Control in Yunnan Province(ZKJS-T-202205).
文摘Lonchodidae is the family with the largest number of genera in Phasmatodea.Due to the lack of complete mitochondrial genome data for most genera,it is not possible to determine the phylogenetic relationships between different genera in Lonchodidae.This study reports the first complete mitochondrial genome sequence in the genus Paramenexenus,represented by the species P.congnatus.The mitochondrial genome of P.congnatus is 17,315 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes,2 ribosomal RNA genes,22 transfer RNA genes,and one non-coding control region.The evolutionary rates of the 13 PCGs in Lonchodidae,the atp8 and nad2 genes exhibit higher rates of evolution,while the coxI and cox2 gene have lower rates of evolution.We conducted phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods,with 20 species from 13 genera as ingroups and one species of Phylliidae as outgroups.The phylogenetic trees show that Lonchodidae was mainly divided into two clades,the subfamily Necrosciinae from the monophyletic group,and the genus Paramenexenus belonged to Necrosciinae.
文摘Primary challenges with a forest inventory program are surveyors with various levels of experience and the turnover of inexperienced surveyors.Few studies have looked at the consistency of an instrument’s results among inexperienced surveyors.Most studies have assessed whether instruments were significantly different.These tests do not indicate whether instruments were statistically equivalent,i.e.,that choosing either one would be acceptable under a certain level of tolerance.This study evaluated the consistency and statistical equivalence among instruments for measuring diameter at breast height(DBH)and for total tree height(HT)among inexperienced surveyors.The study was conducted as a randomized experiment with students from an introductory tree measurement course,using four types of DBH and HT instruments,and with different tree attributes.For DBH,the results show that D-tape was the most consistent across tree attributes and teams of inexperienced surveyors and was only statistically interchangeable with Caliper with a tolerance≥3 cm.For HT,Ultrasound was the most consistent but only statistically interchangeable with Laser with a tolerance≥8 m.A single type of instrument for measuring DBH and for HT is recommended,especially when field crews may be a mixture of experienced and inexperienced surveyors.Our study provides initial recommendations on the choice of instruments when either purchasing new ones or replacing old ones in forest inventories.
