Many studies have demonstrated that some of the activities of people can disturb nesting and foraging birds, particularly along coasts and estuaries. Some managers respond to human disturbance of sensitive species by ...Many studies have demonstrated that some of the activities of people can disturb nesting and foraging birds, particularly along coasts and estuaries. Some managers respond to human disturbance of sensitive species by closing beaches, but most have stewards monitor and restrict access to beaches or portions of beaches. Yet little is known about the type of visitor or their perceptions of beach stewards. This paper explores the general acceptance of beach stewards and their role in conservation of red knots </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Calidris</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">canutus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rufa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">),</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> other shorebirds, and horseshoe crabs </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Limulus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">polyphemus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">along the Delaware Bay (New Jersey) beaches by interviewing 279 visitors during the stopover period. While most people came to see the shorebird and horseshoe crab spectacle (60%), many came for the scenery, tranquility, and recreation. Just over half of the people interviewed said that the stewards were helpful (58%), although most of those that answered this question later said that they provided conservation value (86%), but only 40% said they relied on the stewards for information. On a Likert rating scale of 1 to 5 (the highest value), the mean rating for whether it was important for stewards to be present was 3.87 ± 0.09, and the rating for the presence of stewards who can provide information was 3.71 ± 0.11. In contrast, protection of shorebirds was rated a mean of 4.79 ± 0.04. There were significant visitor type differences in how important stewards were, but not in the importance of stewards who can provide information. Fishermen, recreationists, and people coming for scenery and tranquility rated the presence of stewards higher than those visitors who were interested in either shorebirds or crabs (or both). Ratings also differed significantly as a function of age and gender;older adults and females rated characteristics higher than did people under 30 years and males. Information needs identified by stewards are also discussed. These data can be used by the managers developing a strategy for conservation of shorebirds and other species sensitive to disturbance, and for the implementation of an effective stewardship program.展开更多
ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs(ASPs)on antibiotic use and drug resistance.MethodsThis was a retrospective,multicenter,management intervention study.The data from 85 maternity hos...ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs(ASPs)on antibiotic use and drug resistance.MethodsThis was a retrospective,multicenter,management intervention study.The data from 85 maternity hospitals(maternal and child health care hospitals)in Hubei province from 2012 to 2019 were collected.The indicators related to antimicrobial drug use included the utilization rate of different grades of antimicrobial drugs,the intensity of antimicrobial agent use,the rational use of prophylactic antimicrobial agents before class I surgical incision,and pathogenic detection and consultation rates before antimicrobial drug use.ResultsSince the implementation,the purchase of antimicrobial agents in hospitals has been maintained within the prescribed range,and the defined daily dose system(DDDs)of antimicrobial agents has been reduced,prophylactic use and accurate treatment of antimicrobial agents related to class I surgical incision have been more reasonable.With the implementation of ASPs,the detection rate of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli,and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been decreased in China from national bacterial resistance surveillance data.ConclusionASPs have positive effects on antibiotic use and drug resistance in 85 maternity hospitals(maternal and child health care hospitals).展开更多
文摘Many studies have demonstrated that some of the activities of people can disturb nesting and foraging birds, particularly along coasts and estuaries. Some managers respond to human disturbance of sensitive species by closing beaches, but most have stewards monitor and restrict access to beaches or portions of beaches. Yet little is known about the type of visitor or their perceptions of beach stewards. This paper explores the general acceptance of beach stewards and their role in conservation of red knots </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Calidris</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">canutus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">rufa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">),</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> other shorebirds, and horseshoe crabs </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Limulus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">polyphemus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">along the Delaware Bay (New Jersey) beaches by interviewing 279 visitors during the stopover period. While most people came to see the shorebird and horseshoe crab spectacle (60%), many came for the scenery, tranquility, and recreation. Just over half of the people interviewed said that the stewards were helpful (58%), although most of those that answered this question later said that they provided conservation value (86%), but only 40% said they relied on the stewards for information. On a Likert rating scale of 1 to 5 (the highest value), the mean rating for whether it was important for stewards to be present was 3.87 ± 0.09, and the rating for the presence of stewards who can provide information was 3.71 ± 0.11. In contrast, protection of shorebirds was rated a mean of 4.79 ± 0.04. There were significant visitor type differences in how important stewards were, but not in the importance of stewards who can provide information. Fishermen, recreationists, and people coming for scenery and tranquility rated the presence of stewards higher than those visitors who were interested in either shorebirds or crabs (or both). Ratings also differed significantly as a function of age and gender;older adults and females rated characteristics higher than did people under 30 years and males. Information needs identified by stewards are also discussed. These data can be used by the managers developing a strategy for conservation of shorebirds and other species sensitive to disturbance, and for the implementation of an effective stewardship program.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2021CFB348).
文摘ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs(ASPs)on antibiotic use and drug resistance.MethodsThis was a retrospective,multicenter,management intervention study.The data from 85 maternity hospitals(maternal and child health care hospitals)in Hubei province from 2012 to 2019 were collected.The indicators related to antimicrobial drug use included the utilization rate of different grades of antimicrobial drugs,the intensity of antimicrobial agent use,the rational use of prophylactic antimicrobial agents before class I surgical incision,and pathogenic detection and consultation rates before antimicrobial drug use.ResultsSince the implementation,the purchase of antimicrobial agents in hospitals has been maintained within the prescribed range,and the defined daily dose system(DDDs)of antimicrobial agents has been reduced,prophylactic use and accurate treatment of antimicrobial agents related to class I surgical incision have been more reasonable.With the implementation of ASPs,the detection rate of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli,and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus has been decreased in China from national bacterial resistance surveillance data.ConclusionASPs have positive effects on antibiotic use and drug resistance in 85 maternity hospitals(maternal and child health care hospitals).
