This paper is a statistical survey of Southern Hemisphere cold and hot polar cap patches,in relation to the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)and ionospheric convection geometry.A total of 11,946 patch events were ide...This paper is a statistical survey of Southern Hemisphere cold and hot polar cap patches,in relation to the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)and ionospheric convection geometry.A total of 11,946 patch events were identified by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DMSP)F16 during the years 2011 to 2022.A temperature ratio of ion/electron temperature(T_(i)/T_(e))<0.68 is recommended to define a hot patch in the Southern Hemisphere,otherwise it is defined as a cold patch.The cold and hot patches have different dependencies on IMF clock angle,while their dependencies on IMF cone angle are similar.Both cold and hot patches appear most often on the duskside,and the distribution of cold patches gradually decreases from the dayside to the nightside,while hot patches have a higher occurrence rate near 14 and 21 magnetic local time(MLT).Moreover,we compared the key plasma characteristics of polar cap cold and hot patches in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres.The intensity of the duskside upward field-aligned current of patches in the Southern Hemisphere(SH)is stronger than that in the Northern Hemisphere(SH),which may be due to the discrepancy in conductivities between the two hemispheres,caused by the tilted dipole.In both hemispheres,the downward soft-electron energy flux of the dawnside patches is significantly greater than that of the duskside patches.展开更多
Based on the multipoint magnetic observations of Cluster from 2001 to 2004,the magnetic field structure in magnetotail Neutral Sheet(NS) is statistically surveyed.The results are as follows.In NS,a cubic function is s...Based on the multipoint magnetic observations of Cluster from 2001 to 2004,the magnetic field structure in magnetotail Neutral Sheet(NS) is statistically surveyed.The results are as follows.In NS,a cubic function is selected to reveal the relation between y(GSM) and positional parameter z.The relation between y and magnetic field values indicates that the magnetic field is weak at midnight region and strengthens gradually at the duskside and dawnside.The relation between y and curvature radius is expressed by a quadratic function.And R_c of flattened CS is less than that of the normal CS.B_y determines the orientation of MFLs' configuration.The polar angle of the curvature vector is affected by the NS configuration.In addition,the correlation between the polar angle of the curvature vector and z is higher.The polar angle of the normal of the osculating plane is uncertain in the center area.The relation between the azimuthal angles of the curvature vector(the normal of the osculating plane) and y is negatively correlated.An empirical model applied to yz plane of the three-dimensional structure of the magnetic field lines in the NS are developed,and it is represented as a function of the positional parameter y.Finally,the current density is also statistically surveyed.展开更多
T he estuary and coast is an area where the land and the sea interact and a place in which human beings frequently move about so that understanding and controlling the change and development modes of the coastal landf...T he estuary and coast is an area where the land and the sea interact and a place in which human beings frequently move about so that understanding and controlling the change and development modes of the coastal landform plays a vital part in exploiting and protecting coastal resources. A model is the generalization and abstraction of objective things. This paper summarizes four methods for the landform development of the tidal shore and underwater delta, mainly discusses the model’s structural elements, and presents their specific application on the basis of the authors’ case study. With the application of the profile model, the dynamic change of coastal landform can be clearly seen by contrasting the different profiles of different years. Through the shrinking, expanding and transformation of the isobath, plane model is used to study the macro-change of the shoal and the coastal landform. Speed model is an efficient means to analyze the trend of erosion and deposition and the local change in a great area of the sea. Statistical survey model is a static analysis, which can be used to establish the relationship between the erosion and deposition of the shoal and the altitude and slope of survey spot.展开更多
The improvement of antibiotic rational use in China was studied by usage analysis of combination antibiotic therapy for type Ⅰ incisions in 244 hospitals. Five kinds of hospitals, including general hospital, maternit...The improvement of antibiotic rational use in China was studied by usage analysis of combination antibiotic therapy for type Ⅰ incisions in 244 hospitals. Five kinds of hospitals, including general hospital, maternity hospital, children＇s hospital, stomatological hospital and cancer hospital, from 30 provinces were surveyed. A systematic random sampling strategy was employed to select outpatient prescriptions and inpatient cases in 2011 and 2012. A total of 29 280 outpatient prescriptions and 73 200 inpatient cases from 244 hospitals in each year were analyzed. Data were collected with regards to the implementation of the national antibiotic stewardship program（NASP）, the overall usage and the prophylactic use of antibiotic for type Ⅰ incisions. Univariate analysis was used for microbiological diagnosis rate before antimicrobial therapy, prophylactic use of antibiotics for typeⅠincision operation, and so on. For multivariate analysis, the use of antibiotics was dichotomized according to the guidelines, and entered as binary values into logistic regression analysis. The results were compared with the corresponding criteria given by the guidelines of this campaign. The antibiotic stewardship in China was effective in that more than 80% of each kind of hospitals achieved the criteria of recommended antibiotics varieties. Hospital type appeared to be a factor statistically associated with stewardship outcome. The prophylactic use of antibiotics on type Ⅰ incision operations decreased by 16.22%（P〈0.05）. The usage of combination antibiotic therapy for type Ⅰ incisions was also decreased. Region and bed size were the main determinants on surgical prophylaxis for type Ⅰ incision. This national analysis of hospitals on antibiotic use and stewardship allows relevant comparisons for bench marking. More efforts addressing the root cause of antibiotics abuse would continue to improve the rational use of antibiotics in China.展开更多
In this work, we provide 2189 photometrically- and kinematically-selected candidate members of 24 star clusters from the LAMOST DR2 catalog. We perform two-step membership identification： selection along the stellar ...In this work, we provide 2189 photometrically- and kinematically-selected candidate members of 24 star clusters from the LAMOST DR2 catalog. We perform two-step membership identification： selection along the stellar track in the colormagnitude diagram, i.e., photometric identification, and selection from the distribution of radial velocities, i.e. the kinematic identification. We find that the radial velocities from the LAMOST data are very helpful in the membership identification. The mean probability of membership is 40% for the sample selected with radial velocity. With these 24 star clusters, we investigate the performance of the radial velocity and metallicity estimated with the LAMOST pipeline. We find that the systematic offsets in radial velocity and metallicity are 0.85 ± 1.26 km s-1and-0.08 ± 0.04 dex, with dispersions of 5.47＋1.16-0.71 km s-1and 0.13＋0.04-0.02 dex, respectively. Finally, we propose that the photometrically-selected candidate members of the clusters covered by the LAMOST footprint should be assigned higher priority so that more candidate stars can be observed.展开更多
Introduction:Secondhand smoke(SHS)exposure remains a significant public health threat to human health.Understanding the spatial distribution characteristics of SHS exposure is essential for developing targeted,region-...Introduction:Secondhand smoke(SHS)exposure remains a significant public health threat to human health.Understanding the spatial distribution characteristics of SHS exposure is essential for developing targeted,region-specific tobacco control strategies and interventions.This study analyzed the spatial clustering of SHS exposure and its influencing factors in China in 2022.Methods:This study utilized data from the 2022 China National Adult Tobacco Survey(NATS).Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using Stata(version 17.0;StataCorp LLC,College Station,Texas,USA).Spatial analyses were conducted using GeoDa(version 1.22;Dr.Luc Anselin’s team,Arizona State,USA)to examine global spatial autocorrelation,local spatial autocorrelation and ordinary least squares(OLS)spatial regression.Provincial-level figures of SHS exposure rates were visualized using GraphPad Prism(version 9.5;GraphPad Software,Boston,USA).Results:In 2022,the SHS exposure rate among nonsmoking adults aged 15 years and above in China was 52.4%.The distribution of SHS exposure in China exhibited significant provincial clustering(Moran’s I=0.337,Z=4.626,P=0.001).LISA analysis identified High-High clusters of SHS exposure in Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan,Chongqing,Guangdong,and Hainan,while Henan emerged as a Low-Low cluster.Key factors influencing regional SHS exposure included smoking rates,tobacco control measures in homes,indoor workplaces,and healthcare institutions,population coverage of comprehensive smoke-free regulations,and cognition of SHS harm and smoking harm.Conclusions:Although SHS exposure rates in China have decreased,they remain a significant concern.Targeted interventions should be implemented in southwestern and central southern China,with strengthened smoke-free management in key settings including homes,indoor workplaces,and medical institutions.Additionally,expanding the coverage of comprehensive smoke-free laws and regulations is recommended.展开更多
An interview with Professor Danny Pfeffermann is conducted during the conference of SmallArea Estimation 2018 (SAE 2018), an international conference held between June 16 and 18at East China Normal University, Shangha...An interview with Professor Danny Pfeffermann is conducted during the conference of SmallArea Estimation 2018 (SAE 2018), an international conference held between June 16 and 18at East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. SAE 2018 is also a celebration of ProfessorPfeffermann’s 75th birthday. Our interview consists of eight questions, which focus on Professor Pfeffermann’s personal education background, research motivations, contributions to thedevelopment of statistics, opinions on big data and data science, and his future plan. Professor Pfeffemann used interesting examples to express his opinions on the future development ofstatistics.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 42325404,42120104003,42204164,42474219 and U22A2006)the Chinese Meridian Project,the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant 183311KYSB20200003)+7 种基金Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grants ZR2022QD077,ZR2022MD034)the Stable-Support Scientific Project of China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation(Grant A132312191)the foundation of the National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment(Grant 6142403180204)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(Grants cstc2021ycjh-bgzxm0072,CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0082)National Program on Key Basic Research Project(Grant 2022173-SD-1)The work in Norway is supported by the Research Council of Norway Grant 326039Work at UCLA has been supported by NSF grant AGS-2055192This research was supported by the International Space Science Institute(ISSI)in Bern and Beijing,through ISSI International Team project#511(Multi-Scale Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Interaction).
文摘This paper is a statistical survey of Southern Hemisphere cold and hot polar cap patches,in relation to the interplanetary magnetic field(IMF)and ionospheric convection geometry.A total of 11,946 patch events were identified by Defense Meteorological Satellite Program(DMSP)F16 during the years 2011 to 2022.A temperature ratio of ion/electron temperature(T_(i)/T_(e))<0.68 is recommended to define a hot patch in the Southern Hemisphere,otherwise it is defined as a cold patch.The cold and hot patches have different dependencies on IMF clock angle,while their dependencies on IMF cone angle are similar.Both cold and hot patches appear most often on the duskside,and the distribution of cold patches gradually decreases from the dayside to the nightside,while hot patches have a higher occurrence rate near 14 and 21 magnetic local time(MLT).Moreover,we compared the key plasma characteristics of polar cap cold and hot patches in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres.The intensity of the duskside upward field-aligned current of patches in the Southern Hemisphere(SH)is stronger than that in the Northern Hemisphere(SH),which may be due to the discrepancy in conductivities between the two hemispheres,caused by the tilted dipole.In both hemispheres,the downward soft-electron energy flux of the dawnside patches is significantly greater than that of the duskside patches.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41231066)Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2011CB811404)+1 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories of the CASthe Scientific Research Staring Foundation for Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(2013x030)
文摘Based on the multipoint magnetic observations of Cluster from 2001 to 2004,the magnetic field structure in magnetotail Neutral Sheet(NS) is statistically surveyed.The results are as follows.In NS,a cubic function is selected to reveal the relation between y(GSM) and positional parameter z.The relation between y and magnetic field values indicates that the magnetic field is weak at midnight region and strengthens gradually at the duskside and dawnside.The relation between y and curvature radius is expressed by a quadratic function.And R_c of flattened CS is less than that of the normal CS.B_y determines the orientation of MFLs' configuration.The polar angle of the curvature vector is affected by the NS configuration.In addition,the correlation between the polar angle of the curvature vector and z is higher.The polar angle of the normal of the osculating plane is uncertain in the center area.The relation between the azimuthal angles of the curvature vector(the normal of the osculating plane) and y is negatively correlated.An empirical model applied to yz plane of the three-dimensional structure of the magnetic field lines in the NS are developed,and it is represented as a function of the positional parameter y.Finally,the current density is also statistically surveyed.
基金supported by the National Great Science Project(2002CB412407)the National Science Foundation(40076027).
文摘T he estuary and coast is an area where the land and the sea interact and a place in which human beings frequently move about so that understanding and controlling the change and development modes of the coastal landform plays a vital part in exploiting and protecting coastal resources. A model is the generalization and abstraction of objective things. This paper summarizes four methods for the landform development of the tidal shore and underwater delta, mainly discusses the model’s structural elements, and presents their specific application on the basis of the authors’ case study. With the application of the profile model, the dynamic change of coastal landform can be clearly seen by contrasting the different profiles of different years. Through the shrinking, expanding and transformation of the isobath, plane model is used to study the macro-change of the shoal and the coastal landform. Speed model is an efficient means to analyze the trend of erosion and deposition and the local change in a great area of the sea. Statistical survey model is a static analysis, which can be used to establish the relationship between the erosion and deposition of the shoal and the altitude and slope of survey spot.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Fund of Philosophy and Social Science of China(No.15ZDC037)
文摘The improvement of antibiotic rational use in China was studied by usage analysis of combination antibiotic therapy for type Ⅰ incisions in 244 hospitals. Five kinds of hospitals, including general hospital, maternity hospital, children＇s hospital, stomatological hospital and cancer hospital, from 30 provinces were surveyed. A systematic random sampling strategy was employed to select outpatient prescriptions and inpatient cases in 2011 and 2012. A total of 29 280 outpatient prescriptions and 73 200 inpatient cases from 244 hospitals in each year were analyzed. Data were collected with regards to the implementation of the national antibiotic stewardship program（NASP）, the overall usage and the prophylactic use of antibiotic for type Ⅰ incisions. Univariate analysis was used for microbiological diagnosis rate before antimicrobial therapy, prophylactic use of antibiotics for typeⅠincision operation, and so on. For multivariate analysis, the use of antibiotics was dichotomized according to the guidelines, and entered as binary values into logistic regression analysis. The results were compared with the corresponding criteria given by the guidelines of this campaign. The antibiotic stewardship in China was effective in that more than 80% of each kind of hospitals achieved the criteria of recommended antibiotics varieties. Hospital type appeared to be a factor statistically associated with stewardship outcome. The prophylactic use of antibiotics on type Ⅰ incision operations decreased by 16.22%（P〈0.05）. The usage of combination antibiotic therapy for type Ⅰ incisions was also decreased. Region and bed size were the main determinants on surgical prophylaxis for type Ⅰ incision. This national analysis of hospitals on antibiotic use and stewardship allows relevant comparisons for bench marking. More efforts addressing the root cause of antibiotics abuse would continue to improve the rational use of antibiotics in China.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program "The Emergence of Cosmological Structures" of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB09000000)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB845700)+3 种基金CL acknowledges the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant Nos. 11373032, 11333003 and U1231119)XYC acknowledges the NSFC (Grant No. 11403036)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. Y429012001)two Young Researcher Grants from National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘In this work, we provide 2189 photometrically- and kinematically-selected candidate members of 24 star clusters from the LAMOST DR2 catalog. We perform two-step membership identification： selection along the stellar track in the colormagnitude diagram, i.e., photometric identification, and selection from the distribution of radial velocities, i.e. the kinematic identification. We find that the radial velocities from the LAMOST data are very helpful in the membership identification. The mean probability of membership is 40% for the sample selected with radial velocity. With these 24 star clusters, we investigate the performance of the radial velocity and metallicity estimated with the LAMOST pipeline. We find that the systematic offsets in radial velocity and metallicity are 0.85 ± 1.26 km s-1and-0.08 ± 0.04 dex, with dispersions of 5.47＋1.16-0.71 km s-1and 0.13＋0.04-0.02 dex, respectively. Finally, we propose that the photometrically-selected candidate members of the clusters covered by the LAMOST footprint should be assigned higher priority so that more candidate stars can be observed.
基金Special Project of the Survey of Basic Resources for Science and Technology(2023FY100605).
文摘Introduction:Secondhand smoke(SHS)exposure remains a significant public health threat to human health.Understanding the spatial distribution characteristics of SHS exposure is essential for developing targeted,region-specific tobacco control strategies and interventions.This study analyzed the spatial clustering of SHS exposure and its influencing factors in China in 2022.Methods:This study utilized data from the 2022 China National Adult Tobacco Survey(NATS).Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using Stata(version 17.0;StataCorp LLC,College Station,Texas,USA).Spatial analyses were conducted using GeoDa(version 1.22;Dr.Luc Anselin’s team,Arizona State,USA)to examine global spatial autocorrelation,local spatial autocorrelation and ordinary least squares(OLS)spatial regression.Provincial-level figures of SHS exposure rates were visualized using GraphPad Prism(version 9.5;GraphPad Software,Boston,USA).Results:In 2022,the SHS exposure rate among nonsmoking adults aged 15 years and above in China was 52.4%.The distribution of SHS exposure in China exhibited significant provincial clustering(Moran’s I=0.337,Z=4.626,P=0.001).LISA analysis identified High-High clusters of SHS exposure in Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan,Chongqing,Guangdong,and Hainan,while Henan emerged as a Low-Low cluster.Key factors influencing regional SHS exposure included smoking rates,tobacco control measures in homes,indoor workplaces,and healthcare institutions,population coverage of comprehensive smoke-free regulations,and cognition of SHS harm and smoking harm.Conclusions:Although SHS exposure rates in China have decreased,they remain a significant concern.Targeted interventions should be implemented in southwestern and central southern China,with strengthened smoke-free management in key settings including homes,indoor workplaces,and medical institutions.Additionally,expanding the coverage of comprehensive smoke-free laws and regulations is recommended.
文摘An interview with Professor Danny Pfeffermann is conducted during the conference of SmallArea Estimation 2018 (SAE 2018), an international conference held between June 16 and 18at East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. SAE 2018 is also a celebration of ProfessorPfeffermann’s 75th birthday. Our interview consists of eight questions, which focus on Professor Pfeffermann’s personal education background, research motivations, contributions to thedevelopment of statistics, opinions on big data and data science, and his future plan. Professor Pfeffemann used interesting examples to express his opinions on the future development ofstatistics.
