Statelessness is the absence of any Nationality. These include the Pemba, Shona, Galjeel, people of Burundi and Rwanda descent, and children born in Kenya to British Overseas Citizens after 1983. Frequently, they are ...Statelessness is the absence of any Nationality. These include the Pemba, Shona, Galjeel, people of Burundi and Rwanda descent, and children born in Kenya to British Overseas Citizens after 1983. Frequently, they are not only undocumented but also often overlooked and not included in National Administrative Registers. Accordingly, find it hard to participate in Social and Economic Affairs. There has been a major push by UNHCR and international partners to “map” the size of stateless populations and their demographic profile, as well as causes, potential solutions and human rights situation. One of the requirements by the UNHCR in their push is for countries to find a potential solution to statelessness which starts with classifying/associating a person from these communities to a particular local community that is recognized in Kenya. This paper addresses this problem by adopting a Robust Nonparametric Kernel Discriminant function to correctly classify the stateless communities in Kenya and compare the performance of this method with the existing techniques through their classification rates. This is because Non-parametric functions have proven to be more robust and useful especially when there exists auxiliary information which can be used to increase precision. The findings from this paper indicate that Nonparametric discriminant classifiers provide a good classification method for classifying the stateless communities in Kenya. This is because they exhibit lower classification rates compared to the parametric methods such as Linear and Quadratic discriminant functions. In addition, the finding shows that based on certain similarities in characteristics that exist in these communities that surround the Pemba Community, the Pemba community can be classified as Giriama or Rabai in which they seem to have a strong link. In this regard, the study recommends the use of the Kernel discriminant classifiers in classifying the stateless persons and that the Government of Kenya consider integrating/recognizing the Pemba community into Giriama or Rabai so that they can be issued with the National Identification Cards and be recognized as Kenyans.展开更多
The Internet of Things(IoTs)has become an essential component of the 5th Generation(5G)network and beyond,accelerating the transition to digital society.The increasing signaling traffic generated by billions of IoT de...The Internet of Things(IoTs)has become an essential component of the 5th Generation(5G)network and beyond,accelerating the transition to digital society.The increasing signaling traffic generated by billions of IoT devices has placed significant strain on the 5G Core network(5GC)control plane.To address this issue,the 3rd Gener-ation Partnership Project(3GPP)first proposed a Service-Based Architecture(SBA),intending to create a flexible,scalable,and agile cloud-native 5GC.However,considering the coupling of protocol states and functions,there are still many challenges to fully utilize the benefits of the cloud computing and orchestrate the 5GC in a cloud-native manner.We propose a Message-Level StateLess Design(ML-SLD)to provide a cloud-native 5GC from an architectural standpoint in this paper.Firstly,we propose an innovative mechanism for servitization of the N2 interface to maintain the connection between Radio Access Network(RAN)and the 5GC,avoiding interruptions and dropouts of large-scale user data.Furthermore,we propose an On-demand Message Forwarding(OMF)al-gorithm to reduce the impact of cloud fluctuations on the performance of cloud-native 5GC.Finally,we create a prototype that is based on the OpenAirInterface(OAI)5G core network projects,with all Network Functions(NFs)packaged in dockers and deployed in a kubernetes-based cloud environment.Several experiments have been built with UERANSIM and Chaosblade simulation tools.The findings demonstrate the viability and efficiency of our proposed methods.展开更多
The dynamic behavior,rapid mobility,abrupt changes in network topology,and numerous other flying constraints in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks make the design of a routing protocol a challenging task.The data ro...The dynamic behavior,rapid mobility,abrupt changes in network topology,and numerous other flying constraints in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks make the design of a routing protocol a challenging task.The data routing for communication between UAVs faces numerous challenges,such as low link quality,data loss,and routing path failure.This work proposes greedy perimeter stateless routing(GPSR)based design and implementation of a new adaptive communication routing protocol technique for UAVs,allowing multiple UAVs to communicate more effectively with each other in a group.Close imitation of the real environment is accomplished by considering UAVs’three-dimensional(3D)mobility in the simulations.The performance of the proposed intelligent greedy perimeter stateless routing(IGPSR)scheme has been evaluated based on end-to-end(E2E)delay,network throughput,and data loss ratio.The adapted scheme displayed on average 40%better results.The scenario has been implemented holistically on the network simulator software NS-3.展开更多
In recent years, the number of users connected to the Internet has experienced a phenomenal growth. The security of systems and networks become essential. That is why the performance of Linux firewall and Berkeley Sof...In recent years, the number of users connected to the Internet has experienced a phenomenal growth. The security of systems and networks become essential. That is why the performance of Linux firewall and Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) are of paramount importance in security systems and networks in all businesses. The following evaluates the firewall based tool that we have developed in Python and Scapy, which performs time measurements by serving packets traversing the firewall test. Several results were presented: the speed of the firewall under FreeBSD in terms of service time compared to the speed of the firewall under Linux as the number of rules increases;the speed of the filtering rule of a firewall stateless in terms of service time compared to the filtering rule of an active firewall gradually as the number of rules increases. Then, for care of simplicity, we have presented the queue M/M/1/K to model the performances of firewalls. The resulting model was validated using Simulink and mean squared error. The analytical model and Simulink of the firewalls are presented in the article.展开更多
Stateless translation and stateless double translation/encapsulation technologies （IVI/MAP-T/MAP-E） define the address mapping and protocol translation/encapsulation algorithms between IPv4 and IPv6. IVI/MAP-T/MAP-E...Stateless translation and stateless double translation/encapsulation technologies （IVI/MAP-T/MAP-E） define the address mapping and protocol translation/encapsulation algorithms between IPv4 and IPv6. IVI/MAP-T/MAP-E technologies maintain end-to-end address transparency between IPvd and IPv6 and support communication initiated by IPv4-only or IPv6-only end systems. Therefore, they are the very critical techniques for the IPv4/IPv6 coexistence and transition.展开更多
In this work,we propose a stateless blockchain called CompactChain,which compacts the entire state of the UTXO(Unspent Transaction Output)based blockchain systems into two RSA accumulators.The first accumulator is cal...In this work,we propose a stateless blockchain called CompactChain,which compacts the entire state of the UTXO(Unspent Transaction Output)based blockchain systems into two RSA accumulators.The first accumulator is called Transaction Output(TXO)commitment which represents the TXO set.The second one is called Spent Transaction Output(STXO)commitment which represents the STXO set.In this work,we discuss three algorithms:(i)To update the TXO and STXO commitments by the miner.The miner also provides the proofs for the correctness of the updated commitments;(ii)To prove the transaction’s validity by providing a membership witness in TXO commitment and non-membership witness against STXO commitment for a coin being spent by a user;(iii)To update the witness for the coin that is not yet spent;The experimental results evaluate the performance of the CompactChain in terms of time taken by a miner to update the commitments and time taken by a validator to verify the commitments and validate the transactions.We compare the performance of CompactChain with the existing state-of-the-art works on stateless blockchains.CompactChain shows a reduction in commitments update complexity and transaction witness size which inturn reduces the mempool size and propagation latency without compromising the system throughput(Transactions per second(TPS)).展开更多
Statelessness is an old and continuous problem existing in many countries around the world. Statelessness is caused by various reasons such as the conflicts of the nationality laws of different countries and intematio...Statelessness is an old and continuous problem existing in many countries around the world. Statelessness is caused by various reasons such as the conflicts of the nationality laws of different countries and intemational marriages. This article analyzes the legal framework and practices conceming nationality issues in China from the perspectives of China＇s intemational obligations to protect the rights of stateless persons, especially women and children. This article also analyzes several stateless cases, in particular the de facto stateless situation of the ＂Vietnam brides＂ and their children in China. At last, the article gives recommendations in the light of international law and practices of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the reduction of statelessness in China.展开更多
A new practical method is introduced to transform the stateful transitive signature scheme to stateless one with-out the loss of security.According to the approach,two concrete stateless transitive signature schemes b...A new practical method is introduced to transform the stateful transitive signature scheme to stateless one with-out the loss of security.According to the approach,two concrete stateless transitive signature schemes based on Factoringand RSA are presented respectively.Under the assumption of the hardness of factoring and one-more-RSA-inversion prob-lem,both two schemes are secure under the adaptive chosen-message attacks in random oracle model.展开更多
文摘Statelessness is the absence of any Nationality. These include the Pemba, Shona, Galjeel, people of Burundi and Rwanda descent, and children born in Kenya to British Overseas Citizens after 1983. Frequently, they are not only undocumented but also often overlooked and not included in National Administrative Registers. Accordingly, find it hard to participate in Social and Economic Affairs. There has been a major push by UNHCR and international partners to “map” the size of stateless populations and their demographic profile, as well as causes, potential solutions and human rights situation. One of the requirements by the UNHCR in their push is for countries to find a potential solution to statelessness which starts with classifying/associating a person from these communities to a particular local community that is recognized in Kenya. This paper addresses this problem by adopting a Robust Nonparametric Kernel Discriminant function to correctly classify the stateless communities in Kenya and compare the performance of this method with the existing techniques through their classification rates. This is because Non-parametric functions have proven to be more robust and useful especially when there exists auxiliary information which can be used to increase precision. The findings from this paper indicate that Nonparametric discriminant classifiers provide a good classification method for classifying the stateless communities in Kenya. This is because they exhibit lower classification rates compared to the parametric methods such as Linear and Quadratic discriminant functions. In addition, the finding shows that based on certain similarities in characteristics that exist in these communities that surround the Pemba Community, the Pemba community can be classified as Giriama or Rabai in which they seem to have a strong link. In this regard, the study recommends the use of the Kernel discriminant classifiers in classifying the stateless persons and that the Government of Kenya consider integrating/recognizing the Pemba community into Giriama or Rabai so that they can be issued with the National Identification Cards and be recognized as Kenyans.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2019YFB1803301Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L202002).
文摘The Internet of Things(IoTs)has become an essential component of the 5th Generation(5G)network and beyond,accelerating the transition to digital society.The increasing signaling traffic generated by billions of IoT devices has placed significant strain on the 5G Core network(5GC)control plane.To address this issue,the 3rd Gener-ation Partnership Project(3GPP)first proposed a Service-Based Architecture(SBA),intending to create a flexible,scalable,and agile cloud-native 5GC.However,considering the coupling of protocol states and functions,there are still many challenges to fully utilize the benefits of the cloud computing and orchestrate the 5GC in a cloud-native manner.We propose a Message-Level StateLess Design(ML-SLD)to provide a cloud-native 5GC from an architectural standpoint in this paper.Firstly,we propose an innovative mechanism for servitization of the N2 interface to maintain the connection between Radio Access Network(RAN)and the 5GC,avoiding interruptions and dropouts of large-scale user data.Furthermore,we propose an On-demand Message Forwarding(OMF)al-gorithm to reduce the impact of cloud fluctuations on the performance of cloud-native 5GC.Finally,we create a prototype that is based on the OpenAirInterface(OAI)5G core network projects,with all Network Functions(NFs)packaged in dockers and deployed in a kubernetes-based cloud environment.Several experiments have been built with UERANSIM and Chaosblade simulation tools.The findings demonstrate the viability and efficiency of our proposed methods.
基金Shanghai Summit Discipline in Design,ChinaSpecial Project Funding for the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Information Civil-Military Inosculation Project,China(No.JMRH-2018-1042)。
文摘The dynamic behavior,rapid mobility,abrupt changes in network topology,and numerous other flying constraints in unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)networks make the design of a routing protocol a challenging task.The data routing for communication between UAVs faces numerous challenges,such as low link quality,data loss,and routing path failure.This work proposes greedy perimeter stateless routing(GPSR)based design and implementation of a new adaptive communication routing protocol technique for UAVs,allowing multiple UAVs to communicate more effectively with each other in a group.Close imitation of the real environment is accomplished by considering UAVs’three-dimensional(3D)mobility in the simulations.The performance of the proposed intelligent greedy perimeter stateless routing(IGPSR)scheme has been evaluated based on end-to-end(E2E)delay,network throughput,and data loss ratio.The adapted scheme displayed on average 40%better results.The scenario has been implemented holistically on the network simulator software NS-3.
文摘In recent years, the number of users connected to the Internet has experienced a phenomenal growth. The security of systems and networks become essential. That is why the performance of Linux firewall and Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) are of paramount importance in security systems and networks in all businesses. The following evaluates the firewall based tool that we have developed in Python and Scapy, which performs time measurements by serving packets traversing the firewall test. Several results were presented: the speed of the firewall under FreeBSD in terms of service time compared to the speed of the firewall under Linux as the number of rules increases;the speed of the filtering rule of a firewall stateless in terms of service time compared to the filtering rule of an active firewall gradually as the number of rules increases. Then, for care of simplicity, we have presented the queue M/M/1/K to model the performances of firewalls. The resulting model was validated using Simulink and mean squared error. The analytical model and Simulink of the firewalls are presented in the article.
文摘Stateless translation and stateless double translation/encapsulation technologies （IVI/MAP-T/MAP-E） define the address mapping and protocol translation/encapsulation algorithms between IPv4 and IPv6. IVI/MAP-T/MAP-E technologies maintain end-to-end address transparency between IPvd and IPv6 and support communication initiated by IPv4-only or IPv6-only end systems. Therefore, they are the very critical techniques for the IPv4/IPv6 coexistence and transition.
文摘In this work,we propose a stateless blockchain called CompactChain,which compacts the entire state of the UTXO(Unspent Transaction Output)based blockchain systems into two RSA accumulators.The first accumulator is called Transaction Output(TXO)commitment which represents the TXO set.The second one is called Spent Transaction Output(STXO)commitment which represents the STXO set.In this work,we discuss three algorithms:(i)To update the TXO and STXO commitments by the miner.The miner also provides the proofs for the correctness of the updated commitments;(ii)To prove the transaction’s validity by providing a membership witness in TXO commitment and non-membership witness against STXO commitment for a coin being spent by a user;(iii)To update the witness for the coin that is not yet spent;The experimental results evaluate the performance of the CompactChain in terms of time taken by a miner to update the commitments and time taken by a validator to verify the commitments and validate the transactions.We compare the performance of CompactChain with the existing state-of-the-art works on stateless blockchains.CompactChain shows a reduction in commitments update complexity and transaction witness size which inturn reduces the mempool size and propagation latency without compromising the system throughput(Transactions per second(TPS)).
文摘Statelessness is an old and continuous problem existing in many countries around the world. Statelessness is caused by various reasons such as the conflicts of the nationality laws of different countries and intemational marriages. This article analyzes the legal framework and practices conceming nationality issues in China from the perspectives of China＇s intemational obligations to protect the rights of stateless persons, especially women and children. This article also analyzes several stateless cases, in particular the de facto stateless situation of the ＂Vietnam brides＂ and their children in China. At last, the article gives recommendations in the light of international law and practices of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees on the reduction of statelessness in China.
文摘A new practical method is introduced to transform the stateful transitive signature scheme to stateless one with-out the loss of security.According to the approach,two concrete stateless transitive signature schemes based on Factoringand RSA are presented respectively.Under the assumption of the hardness of factoring and one-more-RSA-inversion prob-lem,both two schemes are secure under the adaptive chosen-message attacks in random oracle model.
