BACKGROUND Comminuted manubrium sterni fractures are rare,and internal fixation methods are limited.This report explored a practical and feasible method of internal fixation for comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.C...BACKGROUND Comminuted manubrium sterni fractures are rare,and internal fixation methods are limited.This report explored a practical and feasible method of internal fixation for comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.CASE SUMMARY A 17-year-old female was injured in a car accident for which she underwent debridement and suturing of her head and anterior chest wounds in another hospital.Eight days later,the patient was transferred to our hospital for surgical treatment.The manubrium sterni was found intraoperatively to be split into three irregular fragments with obvious overlap and separation displacement.Meanwhile,a manubriosternal joint dislocation and left first rib cartilage fracture were observed.The retraction force of the shape-memory alloy staples was used to pull the fracture fragments together.Two more titanium locking plates were then used to fix the manubrium sterni and corpus sterni longitudinally,and the left first rib cartilage fracture was repositioned and fixed with a titanium locking plate.A postoperative computed tomography scan showed reduced and rigid fixation of the comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.The patient recovered well with no significant complaints of discomfort.The patient was discharged 10 days postoperatively after the stitches had been removed.CONCLUSION Shape-memory alloy staples had the advantage of being safe and effective during the repositioning and internal fixation of comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.Therefore,they provided a new surgical option for comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.展开更多
BACKGROUND The development of biodegradable surgical staples is desirable as non-biodegradable Ti alloy staples reside in the human body long after wound healing, which can cause allergic/foreign-body reactions, adhes...BACKGROUND The development of biodegradable surgical staples is desirable as non-biodegradable Ti alloy staples reside in the human body long after wound healing, which can cause allergic/foreign-body reactions, adhesion, or other adverse effects. In order to develop a biodegradable alloy suitable for the fabrication of surgical staples, we hypothesized that Zn, a known biodegradable metal, could be alloyed with various elements to improve the mechanical properties while retaining biodegradability and biocompatibility. Considering their biocompatibility, Mg, Ca, Mn, and Cu were selected as candidate alloying elements, alongside Ti, the main material of clinically available surgical staples.AIM To investigate the in vitro mechanical properties and degradation behavior and in vivo safety and feasibility of biodegradable Zn alloy staples.METHODS Tensile and bending tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of binary Zn alloys with 0.1–6 wt.% Mg, Ca, Mn, Cu, or Ti. Based on the results,three promising Zn alloy compositions were devised for staple applications(wt.%): Zn-1.0Cu-0.2Mn-0.1Ti(Zn alloy 1), Zn-1.0Mn-0.1Ti(Zn alloy 2), and Zn-1.0Cu-0.1Ti(Zn alloy 3). Immersion tests were performed at 37℃ for 4 wk using fed-state simulated intestinal fluid(Fe SSIF) and Hank’s balanced salt solution(HBSS). The corrosion rate was estimated from the weight loss of staples during immersion. Nine rabbits were subjected to gastric resection using each Zn alloy staple, and a clinically available Ti staple was used for another group of nine rabbits. Three in each group were sacrificed at 1, 4, and 12 wk post-operation.RESULTS Additions of ≤1 wt.% Mn or Cu and 0.1 wt.% Ti improved the yield strength without excessive deterioration of elongation or bendability. Immersion tests revealed no gas evolution or staple fracture in any of the Zn alloy staples. The corrosion rates of Zn alloy staples 1, 2, and 3 were 0.02 mm/year in HBSS and 0.12, 0.11, and 0.13 mm/year, respectively, in Fe SSIF. These degradation times are sufficient for wound healing. The degradation rate is notably increased under low pH conditions. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry surface analyses of the staples after immersion indicated that the component elements eluted as ions in Fe SSIF, whereas corrosion products were produced in HBSS, inhibiting Zn dissolution. In the animal study, none of the Zn alloy staples caused technical failure, and all rabbits survived without complications. Histopathological analysis revealed no severe inflammatory reaction around the Zn alloy staples.CONCLUSION Staples made of Zn-1.0Cu-0.2Mn-0.1Ti, Zn-1.0Mn-0.1Ti, and Zn-1.0Cu-0.1Ti exhibit acceptable in vitro mechanical properties, proper degradation behavior,and in vivo safety and feasibility. They are promising candidates for biodegradable staples.展开更多
For gastrointestinal anastomosis,metallic biodegradable staples have a broad application potential.However,both magnesium and zinc alloys have relatively low strength to withstand the repeated peristalsis of the gastr...For gastrointestinal anastomosis,metallic biodegradable staples have a broad application potential.However,both magnesium and zinc alloys have relatively low strength to withstand the repeated peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract.In this study,we developed a novel kind of biodegradable high-nitrogen iron(HN–Fe)alloy wires(0.23 mm),which were fabricated into the staples.The tensile results showed that the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of HN–Fe wires were 1023.2 MPa and 51.0%,respectively,which was much higher than those of other biodegradable wires.The degradation rate in vitro of HN–Fe wires was slightly higher than that of pure Fe wires.After 28 days of immersion,the tensile strength of HN–Fe wires remained not less than 240 MPa,meeting the clinical requirements.Furthermore,sixteen rabbits were enrolled to conduct a comparison experiment using HN–Fe and clinical Ti staples for gastroanastomosis.After 6 months of implantation,a homogeneous degradation product layer on HN–Fe staples was observed and no fracture occurred.The degradation rate of HN–Fe staples in vivo was significantly higher than that in vitro,and they were expected to be completely degraded in 2 years.Meanwhile,both benign cutting and closure performance of HN–Fe staples ensured that all the animals did not experience hemorrhage and anastomotic fistula during the observation.The anastomosis site healed without histopathological change,inflammatory reaction and abnormal blood routine and biochemistry,demonstrating good biocompatibility of HN–Fe staples.Thereby,the favorable performance makes the HN–Fe staples developed in this work a promising candidate for gastrointestinal anastomosis.展开更多
Tomato is one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide,with the highest annual production rate of all agricultural staples(Kimura and Sinha,2008).Long-term domestication of tomatoes has led to the selection of ...Tomato is one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide,with the highest annual production rate of all agricultural staples(Kimura and Sinha,2008).Long-term domestication of tomatoes has led to the selection of favorable agronomic traits that often come at the expense of stress resistance.To identify potential genetic targets for improved stress tolerance,whole-genome sequencing(WGS)has been applied to wild and cultivated accessions.展开更多
While most mammals find highly acidic foods aversive,many bird species have evolved remarkable tolerance for sour fruits-a crucial adaptation that has opened new ecological niches.Wild fruits can contain organic acid ...While most mammals find highly acidic foods aversive,many bird species have evolved remarkable tolerance for sour fruits-a crucial adaptation that has opened new ecological niches.Wild fruits can contain organic acid concentrations dozens of times higher than cultivated varieties,yet species like the redwing(Turdus iliacus)and black grouse(Tetrao tetrix)have evolved to actually prefer these acidic foods as dietary staples.展开更多
In response to the interest in degradable magnesium staples for oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures,high-performance Mg−3Zn−0.2Ca−2Ag alloy wires were reported.The impact of annealing temperature on the mechani...In response to the interest in degradable magnesium staples for oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures,high-performance Mg−3Zn−0.2Ca−2Ag alloy wires were reported.The impact of annealing temperature on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the alloy wires was investigated.Results indicated that an increased annealing temperature led to grain growth,reduced the volume fraction of the second phase,and lowered dislocation density,causing decreased strength.The alloy annealed at 150℃exhibited the highest elongation(19.6%)due to uniform and fine grains,along with lower dislocation density.Microscopic observation,and electrochemical and immersion tests highlighted the significant influence of annealing temperature on corrosion rates.Alloy wires annealed at 150℃demonstrated superior corrosion resistance,which is attributed to small and uniform grains,low stress,and a well-distributed nano-second phase.Finally,the alloy wires annealed at 150℃exhibited enhanced comprehensive properties,making them good candidates for degradable staples.展开更多
Wound closing is one of the widely performed and prominent clinical practices in the surgical intervention process.A physician or surgeon has several options ranging from surgical sutures and adhesive strips to fibrin...Wound closing is one of the widely performed and prominent clinical practices in the surgical intervention process.A physician or surgeon has several options ranging from surgical sutures and adhesive strips to fibrin glue for effective wound closure to close the commonly occurring surgical cuts and deep skin tissue injuries.However,all the commercially available wound closure devices have some limitations in each and another perspective.From the beginning of the late 90s,surgical staples got tremendous attention as efficient wound closure devices for their time-effective and sufficient mechanical strength,performance feasibility,fewer chances of surgical site infection and require minimal expertise characteristics in consideration of remote location.Even in the context of the recent COVID19 pandemic,the clinical acceptance and patient compliance for the staples have increased due to minimizing the chances of prolonged interaction between the patient and physicians.The surgical staples application is extensive and diversified,ranging from common external cuts to highly complex surgery procedures like laparoscopic appendectomy,intestinal anastomosis,etc.Thus,in this literature review,we try to give a comprehensive glimpse of the development and current state-of-the-art surgical staples in consideration with research from a commercial point of view.On a special note,this review also describes a very brief outline of the regulatory aspects and some common internationally acceptable‘de jure standards for the development of commercially viable surgical staples.展开更多
In 2024,global shipments of new short-staple spindles and open-end rotors decreased by 40%and 39%,respectively(year-on-year).Deliveries of long-staple spindles increased by 62%.The number of draw texturing spindles im...In 2024,global shipments of new short-staple spindles and open-end rotors decreased by 40%and 39%,respectively(year-on-year).Deliveries of long-staple spindles increased by 62%.The number of draw texturing spindles improved by 77%and shipped shuttleless looms grew by 32%.Shipments of large circular knitting machines deteriorated by 15%and shipped flat knitting machines registered a 16%increase.The sum of all deliveries in the fin-ishing segment slightlyrose by 6%.展开更多
Many staple crops like wheat,soybeans,and maize stubbornly resist regrowing from lab-grown tissues-a major bottleneck for genetic modification and improvement of these crops.A Cell study in June 2024 may become a game...Many staple crops like wheat,soybeans,and maize stubbornly resist regrowing from lab-grown tissues-a major bottleneck for genetic modification and improvement of these crops.A Cell study in June 2024 may become a game-changer.Led by Dr.DENG Lei(Shandong Agricultural University)and Dr.LI Chuanyou(the CAS Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology),the collaborative effort identified a peptide called REGENERATION FACTOR1(REF1)as a local wound signal that regulates damage-triggered tissue repair and organ regeneration.This very finding may greatly expand opportunities for improving crop resilience through targeted bioengineering.展开更多
BACKGROUND Stapled hemorrhoidopexy(SH)is one of the most commonly used surgical techniques for hemorrhoidal disease,being particularly effective for grade III and IV hemorrhoids.The procedure is associated with better...BACKGROUND Stapled hemorrhoidopexy(SH)is one of the most commonly used surgical techniques for hemorrhoidal disease,being particularly effective for grade III and IV hemorrhoids.The procedure is associated with better short-term outcomes,including less postoperative pain,shorter operative time,faster return to work,and higher patient satisfaction.However,there is a risk-benefit debate surrounding SH due to significant complications from the procedure,such as anal stenosis,rectovaginal fistula,fecal incontinence,and recurrence.AIM To evaluate recurrence rates and factors influencing surgical outcomes following SH in patients with grade III and IV hemorrhoids.METHODS This retrospective,single-center study enrolled a total of 77 patients with grade III/IV hemorrhoids for analysis.Early(less than 7 days after SH)and late(7 or more days after SH)complications were analyzed.Recurrence rates were calculated as well.RESULTS Patients were categorized by hemorrhoid grade and showed no differences in demographic data between the two groups.Recurrence was observed in 4 patients(23.6%)with grade IV hemorrhoids,and no recurrence was noted in patients with grade III hemorrhoids.Postoperative bleeding,incomplete defecation,urgent defecation,incontinence,skin tags,and anal fissure were complications reported by both groups.CONCLUSION Due to the high recurrence rate,SH is not an appropriate treatment option for patients with grade IV hemorrhoids.Open surgery may be a more suitable option for these patients.展开更多
With the rapid growth of the global population and the increasing demand for healthier diets,improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of staple food crops has become a critical scientific and industrial chal-leng...With the rapid growth of the global population and the increasing demand for healthier diets,improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of staple food crops has become a critical scientific and industrial chal-lenge,prompting innovation in food processing technologies.This review introduces first the common nutritional challenges in the processing of staple food crops,followed by the comprehensive examination of research aiming to enhance the nutritional quality of staple food crop-based foods through innovative processing technologies,including microwave(MW),pulsed electric field(PEF),ultrasound,modern fer-mentation technology,and enzyme technology.Additionally,soybean processing is used as an example to underscore the importance of integrating innovative processing technologies for optimizing nutrient utilization in staple food crops.Although these innovative processing technologies have demonstrated a significant potential to improve nutrient utilization efficiency and enhance the overall nutritional pro-file of staple food crop-based food products,their current limitations must be acknowledged and addressed in future research.Fortunately,advancements in science and technology will facilitate pro-gress in food processing,enabling both the improvement of existing techniques as well as the develop-ment of entirely novel methodologies.This work aims to enhance the understanding of food practitioners on the way processing technologies may optimize nutrient utilization,thereby fostering innovation in food processing research and synergistic multi-technological strategies,ultimately providing valuable references to address global food security challenges.展开更多
Minimally invasive surgery(MIS)robots,such as single-arm stapling robots,are key to oral and maxillofacial surgery because they overcome space constraints in the oral cavity and deep throat.However,biodegradable sutur...Minimally invasive surgery(MIS)robots,such as single-arm stapling robots,are key to oral and maxillofacial surgery because they overcome space constraints in the oral cavity and deep throat.However,biodegradable suture staples should be developed for the single-arm stapling robots to avoid a secondary operation.For this aim,a new type of Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca-2Ag biodegradable alloy wire was developed in this study applied as suture staples.Its tensile strength,yield strength,and elongation are 326.1 MPa,314.5 MPa,and 19.6%,respectively.Especially,the alloy wire attains the highest yield strength value reported among all the biodegradable Mg wires,which is mainly attributed to fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening such as Mg_(2)Zn_(11) nano phase strengthening.Moreover,the corrosion rate of this alloy wire in simulated body fluid(SBF)reaches 26.8 mm/y,the highest value among all the biodegradable Mg alloy wires reported so far,which is mainly from the intensified galvanic corrosion between the Ag17Mg54 phase and the Mg matrix.In vitro studies demonstrate that the alloy wire exhibits good blood compatibility and low cytotoxicity.The cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)data shows that the suture staple made of the Mg alloy wire provides better mechanical support in the early postoperative period.From the single arm robot tests,it confirms that suture staples can close the wound tightly and remain stable over time.This research provides a good material selection for the automated suturing in oral and throat surgery robots.展开更多
BACKGROUND Stapled hemorrhoidopexy(SH)is currently a widely accepted method for treating the prolapse of internal hemorrhoids.Postoperative anal stenosis is a critical complication of SH.A remedy for this involves the...BACKGROUND Stapled hemorrhoidopexy(SH)is currently a widely accepted method for treating the prolapse of internal hemorrhoids.Postoperative anal stenosis is a critical complication of SH.A remedy for this involves the removal of the circumferential staples of the anastomosis,followed by the creation of a hand-sewn anastomosis.Numerous studies have reported modified SH procedures to improve outcomes.We hypothesized that our modified SH technique may help reduce complications of anal stenosis after SH.AIM To compare outcomes of staple removal at the 3-and 9-o’clock positions during modified SH in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.METHODS This was a single-center,retrospective,observational study.Patients with grade III or IV hemorrhoids who underwent standard or modified SH at our colorectal center between January 1,2015,and January 1,2020,were included.The operation time,blood loss,length of hospital stay,and incidence of minor or major complic-ations were recorded.RESULTS Patients with grade III or IV hemorrhoids who underwent standard or modified SH at our colorectal center between January 1,2015 and January 1,2020,were included.Operation time,blood loss,length of hospital stay,and incidence of minor or major complications were recorded.We investigated 187 patients(mean age,50.9 years)who had undergone our modified SH and 313 patients(mean age,53.0 years)who had undergone standard SH.In the modified SH group,54%of patients had previously undergone surgical intervention for hemorrhoids,compared with the 40.3%of patients in the standard SH group.The modified SH group included five(2.7%)patients with anal stenosis,while 21(6.7%)patients in the standard SH group had complications of anal stenosis.There was a significant relationship between the rate of postoperative anal stenosis and the modified SH:0.251(0.085-0.741)and 0.211(0.069-0.641)in multiple regression analysis.The modified SH technique is a safe surgical method for advanced grade hemorrhoids and might result in a lower rate of postoperative anal stenosis than standard SH.CONCLUSION The modified SH technique is a safe surgical method for advanced grade hemorrhoids and might result in a lower rate of postoperative anal stenosis than standard SH.展开更多
After anorectal surgery,hemorrhoids frequently lead to chronic issues,partic-ularly in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.Liu et al investigated the outcomes of staple removal at the 3-and 9-o’clock positions following ...After anorectal surgery,hemorrhoids frequently lead to chronic issues,partic-ularly in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.Liu et al investigated the outcomes of staple removal at the 3-and 9-o’clock positions following modified stapled hemorrhoidopexy(SH)in patients with grade III or IV hemorrhoids.This study included patients who underwent standard or modified SH between January 1,2015,and January 1,2020.Key metrics assessed included hospital stay duration,blood loss,operation time,and the incidence of minor or major complications.The findings indicated that the modified SH technique is a safe option for advanced-grade hemorrhoids,resulting in a lower rate of postoperative anal stenosis compared to standard SH.Notably,this technique also showed reduced anal stenosis rates in patients with prior hemorrhoid treatments.While the modified SH demonstrates immediate benefits,further research is necessary to evaluate long-term effects.Despite its advantages,the study’s limited sample size restricts the generalizability of the findings,underscoring the need for larger,long-term studies to validate these results.Clinically,the modified SH method appears to significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative anal stenosis,a common concern following typical surgeries.If confirmed by larger trials,this procedure may become the preferred surgical approach for hemorrhoids.In conclusion,the work of Liu et al signifies a meaningful advancement in hemorrhoid surgery,enhancing patient safety and outcomes.展开更多
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of BM (basement membrane) and SIS (small intestine submucosa) composite extracellular matrix staple line reinforcement in surgical procedures through finite elem...The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of BM (basement membrane) and SIS (small intestine submucosa) composite extracellular matrix staple line reinforcement in surgical procedures through finite element modelling simulations and leak-proof performance experiments. The mechanical analyses of soft tissues with and without staple line reinforcement were performed by establishing finite element models of three tissues, namely, stomach, intestine and lungs, under the use scenarios of different anastomosis staple models;and the leak-proof performance of the staple line reinforcement was evaluated by simulating leak-proof experiments of gastric incision margins, intestinal sections, and lung incision margins in vitro. The results showed that the equivalent average stresses of the staple line reinforcement were increased by 20 kPa-68 kPa in gastric and intestinal tissues, and 8 kPa-22 kPa in lung tissues. and that the BM and SIS composite extracellular matrix staple line reinforcement could strengthen the anastomotic structure, and at the same time disperse the high stresses of the anastomosed tissues, which could effectively reduce the postoperative complications such as anastomotic bleeding and anastomotic leakage, and provide a safer and more effective optimized design for surgical mechanical anastomosis. It can effectively reduce postoperative complications such as anastomotic bleeding and anastomotic leakage, and provide a safer and more effective optimized design for surgical mechanical anastomosis.展开更多
基金Supported by Shenyang Medical College Youth Scientific Research Fund,No.20202027.
文摘BACKGROUND Comminuted manubrium sterni fractures are rare,and internal fixation methods are limited.This report explored a practical and feasible method of internal fixation for comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.CASE SUMMARY A 17-year-old female was injured in a car accident for which she underwent debridement and suturing of her head and anterior chest wounds in another hospital.Eight days later,the patient was transferred to our hospital for surgical treatment.The manubrium sterni was found intraoperatively to be split into three irregular fragments with obvious overlap and separation displacement.Meanwhile,a manubriosternal joint dislocation and left first rib cartilage fracture were observed.The retraction force of the shape-memory alloy staples was used to pull the fracture fragments together.Two more titanium locking plates were then used to fix the manubrium sterni and corpus sterni longitudinally,and the left first rib cartilage fracture was repositioned and fixed with a titanium locking plate.A postoperative computed tomography scan showed reduced and rigid fixation of the comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.The patient recovered well with no significant complaints of discomfort.The patient was discharged 10 days postoperatively after the stitches had been removed.CONCLUSION Shape-memory alloy staples had the advantage of being safe and effective during the repositioning and internal fixation of comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.Therefore,they provided a new surgical option for comminuted manubrium sterni fractures.
文摘BACKGROUND The development of biodegradable surgical staples is desirable as non-biodegradable Ti alloy staples reside in the human body long after wound healing, which can cause allergic/foreign-body reactions, adhesion, or other adverse effects. In order to develop a biodegradable alloy suitable for the fabrication of surgical staples, we hypothesized that Zn, a known biodegradable metal, could be alloyed with various elements to improve the mechanical properties while retaining biodegradability and biocompatibility. Considering their biocompatibility, Mg, Ca, Mn, and Cu were selected as candidate alloying elements, alongside Ti, the main material of clinically available surgical staples.AIM To investigate the in vitro mechanical properties and degradation behavior and in vivo safety and feasibility of biodegradable Zn alloy staples.METHODS Tensile and bending tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of binary Zn alloys with 0.1–6 wt.% Mg, Ca, Mn, Cu, or Ti. Based on the results,three promising Zn alloy compositions were devised for staple applications(wt.%): Zn-1.0Cu-0.2Mn-0.1Ti(Zn alloy 1), Zn-1.0Mn-0.1Ti(Zn alloy 2), and Zn-1.0Cu-0.1Ti(Zn alloy 3). Immersion tests were performed at 37℃ for 4 wk using fed-state simulated intestinal fluid(Fe SSIF) and Hank’s balanced salt solution(HBSS). The corrosion rate was estimated from the weight loss of staples during immersion. Nine rabbits were subjected to gastric resection using each Zn alloy staple, and a clinically available Ti staple was used for another group of nine rabbits. Three in each group were sacrificed at 1, 4, and 12 wk post-operation.RESULTS Additions of ≤1 wt.% Mn or Cu and 0.1 wt.% Ti improved the yield strength without excessive deterioration of elongation or bendability. Immersion tests revealed no gas evolution or staple fracture in any of the Zn alloy staples. The corrosion rates of Zn alloy staples 1, 2, and 3 were 0.02 mm/year in HBSS and 0.12, 0.11, and 0.13 mm/year, respectively, in Fe SSIF. These degradation times are sufficient for wound healing. The degradation rate is notably increased under low pH conditions. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry surface analyses of the staples after immersion indicated that the component elements eluted as ions in Fe SSIF, whereas corrosion products were produced in HBSS, inhibiting Zn dissolution. In the animal study, none of the Zn alloy staples caused technical failure, and all rabbits survived without complications. Histopathological analysis revealed no severe inflammatory reaction around the Zn alloy staples.CONCLUSION Staples made of Zn-1.0Cu-0.2Mn-0.1Ti, Zn-1.0Mn-0.1Ti, and Zn-1.0Cu-0.1Ti exhibit acceptable in vitro mechanical properties, proper degradation behavior,and in vivo safety and feasibility. They are promising candidates for biodegradable staples.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82272099,51971222 and 51801220)Construction Project of Liaoning Medical Imaging and Interventional Medical Engineering Research Center(Grant No.18-006-9-01),STS program(No.20201600200042)+1 种基金DongGuan Innovative Research Team Program(2020607134012)Basic Applied Research Program of Liaoning Province of China(No.2022020347-JH2/1013,2023JH26/103000016).
文摘For gastrointestinal anastomosis,metallic biodegradable staples have a broad application potential.However,both magnesium and zinc alloys have relatively low strength to withstand the repeated peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract.In this study,we developed a novel kind of biodegradable high-nitrogen iron(HN–Fe)alloy wires(0.23 mm),which were fabricated into the staples.The tensile results showed that the ultimate tensile strength and elongation of HN–Fe wires were 1023.2 MPa and 51.0%,respectively,which was much higher than those of other biodegradable wires.The degradation rate in vitro of HN–Fe wires was slightly higher than that of pure Fe wires.After 28 days of immersion,the tensile strength of HN–Fe wires remained not less than 240 MPa,meeting the clinical requirements.Furthermore,sixteen rabbits were enrolled to conduct a comparison experiment using HN–Fe and clinical Ti staples for gastroanastomosis.After 6 months of implantation,a homogeneous degradation product layer on HN–Fe staples was observed and no fracture occurred.The degradation rate of HN–Fe staples in vivo was significantly higher than that in vitro,and they were expected to be completely degraded in 2 years.Meanwhile,both benign cutting and closure performance of HN–Fe staples ensured that all the animals did not experience hemorrhage and anastomotic fistula during the observation.The anastomosis site healed without histopathological change,inflammatory reaction and abnormal blood routine and biochemistry,demonstrating good biocompatibility of HN–Fe staples.Thereby,the favorable performance makes the HN–Fe staples developed in this work a promising candidate for gastrointestinal anastomosis.
基金supported by grants from the Shanghai Agriculture Applied Technology Development Program(2021-02-08-00-12-F00792)Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC(3201101910).
文摘Tomato is one of the most essential vegetable crops worldwide,with the highest annual production rate of all agricultural staples(Kimura and Sinha,2008).Long-term domestication of tomatoes has led to the selection of favorable agronomic traits that often come at the expense of stress resistance.To identify potential genetic targets for improved stress tolerance,whole-genome sequencing(WGS)has been applied to wild and cultivated accessions.
文摘While most mammals find highly acidic foods aversive,many bird species have evolved remarkable tolerance for sour fruits-a crucial adaptation that has opened new ecological niches.Wild fruits can contain organic acid concentrations dozens of times higher than cultivated varieties,yet species like the redwing(Turdus iliacus)and black grouse(Tetrao tetrix)have evolved to actually prefer these acidic foods as dietary staples.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51971020,52171097)the Major State Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3701100)+1 种基金Key Scientific Research Project in Shanxi Province,China(No.202102050201003)the Opening Research Fund of State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials,China(No.2023-Z03).
文摘In response to the interest in degradable magnesium staples for oral and maxillofacial surgical procedures,high-performance Mg−3Zn−0.2Ca−2Ag alloy wires were reported.The impact of annealing temperature on the mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the alloy wires was investigated.Results indicated that an increased annealing temperature led to grain growth,reduced the volume fraction of the second phase,and lowered dislocation density,causing decreased strength.The alloy annealed at 150℃exhibited the highest elongation(19.6%)due to uniform and fine grains,along with lower dislocation density.Microscopic observation,and electrochemical and immersion tests highlighted the significant influence of annealing temperature on corrosion rates.Alloy wires annealed at 150℃demonstrated superior corrosion resistance,which is attributed to small and uniform grains,low stress,and a well-distributed nano-second phase.Finally,the alloy wires annealed at 150℃exhibited enhanced comprehensive properties,making them good candidates for degradable staples.
文摘Wound closing is one of the widely performed and prominent clinical practices in the surgical intervention process.A physician or surgeon has several options ranging from surgical sutures and adhesive strips to fibrin glue for effective wound closure to close the commonly occurring surgical cuts and deep skin tissue injuries.However,all the commercially available wound closure devices have some limitations in each and another perspective.From the beginning of the late 90s,surgical staples got tremendous attention as efficient wound closure devices for their time-effective and sufficient mechanical strength,performance feasibility,fewer chances of surgical site infection and require minimal expertise characteristics in consideration of remote location.Even in the context of the recent COVID19 pandemic,the clinical acceptance and patient compliance for the staples have increased due to minimizing the chances of prolonged interaction between the patient and physicians.The surgical staples application is extensive and diversified,ranging from common external cuts to highly complex surgery procedures like laparoscopic appendectomy,intestinal anastomosis,etc.Thus,in this literature review,we try to give a comprehensive glimpse of the development and current state-of-the-art surgical staples in consideration with research from a commercial point of view.On a special note,this review also describes a very brief outline of the regulatory aspects and some common internationally acceptable‘de jure standards for the development of commercially viable surgical staples.
文摘In 2024,global shipments of new short-staple spindles and open-end rotors decreased by 40%and 39%,respectively(year-on-year).Deliveries of long-staple spindles increased by 62%.The number of draw texturing spindles improved by 77%and shipped shuttleless looms grew by 32%.Shipments of large circular knitting machines deteriorated by 15%and shipped flat knitting machines registered a 16%increase.The sum of all deliveries in the fin-ishing segment slightlyrose by 6%.
文摘Many staple crops like wheat,soybeans,and maize stubbornly resist regrowing from lab-grown tissues-a major bottleneck for genetic modification and improvement of these crops.A Cell study in June 2024 may become a game-changer.Led by Dr.DENG Lei(Shandong Agricultural University)and Dr.LI Chuanyou(the CAS Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology),the collaborative effort identified a peptide called REGENERATION FACTOR1(REF1)as a local wound signal that regulates damage-triggered tissue repair and organ regeneration.This very finding may greatly expand opportunities for improving crop resilience through targeted bioengineering.
文摘BACKGROUND Stapled hemorrhoidopexy(SH)is one of the most commonly used surgical techniques for hemorrhoidal disease,being particularly effective for grade III and IV hemorrhoids.The procedure is associated with better short-term outcomes,including less postoperative pain,shorter operative time,faster return to work,and higher patient satisfaction.However,there is a risk-benefit debate surrounding SH due to significant complications from the procedure,such as anal stenosis,rectovaginal fistula,fecal incontinence,and recurrence.AIM To evaluate recurrence rates and factors influencing surgical outcomes following SH in patients with grade III and IV hemorrhoids.METHODS This retrospective,single-center study enrolled a total of 77 patients with grade III/IV hemorrhoids for analysis.Early(less than 7 days after SH)and late(7 or more days after SH)complications were analyzed.Recurrence rates were calculated as well.RESULTS Patients were categorized by hemorrhoid grade and showed no differences in demographic data between the two groups.Recurrence was observed in 4 patients(23.6%)with grade IV hemorrhoids,and no recurrence was noted in patients with grade III hemorrhoids.Postoperative bleeding,incomplete defecation,urgent defecation,incontinence,skin tags,and anal fissure were complications reported by both groups.CONCLUSION Due to the high recurrence rate,SH is not an appropriate treatment option for patients with grade IV hemorrhoids.Open surgery may be a more suitable option for these patients.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2100205)the Fujian Province Science and Technology Plan Project,China(2023N3008).
文摘With the rapid growth of the global population and the increasing demand for healthier diets,improving the nutrient utilization efficiency of staple food crops has become a critical scientific and industrial chal-lenge,prompting innovation in food processing technologies.This review introduces first the common nutritional challenges in the processing of staple food crops,followed by the comprehensive examination of research aiming to enhance the nutritional quality of staple food crop-based foods through innovative processing technologies,including microwave(MW),pulsed electric field(PEF),ultrasound,modern fer-mentation technology,and enzyme technology.Additionally,soybean processing is used as an example to underscore the importance of integrating innovative processing technologies for optimizing nutrient utilization in staple food crops.Although these innovative processing technologies have demonstrated a significant potential to improve nutrient utilization efficiency and enhance the overall nutritional pro-file of staple food crop-based food products,their current limitations must be acknowledged and addressed in future research.Fortunately,advancements in science and technology will facilitate pro-gress in food processing,enabling both the improvement of existing techniques as well as the develop-ment of entirely novel methodologies.This work aims to enhance the understanding of food practitioners on the way processing technologies may optimize nutrient utilization,thereby fostering innovation in food processing research and synergistic multi-technological strategies,ultimately providing valuable references to address global food security challenges.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(grant number:2020YFB1312801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51971020,No.52171097)+4 种基金the Opening Research Fund of State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials(2021-Z08)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant number:PKU2022XGK005)the Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(2022-JKCS-24)the Key Scientific Research Project in Shanxi Province(202102050201003)the“Dingxinbeike”Project(G20200001105).
文摘Minimally invasive surgery(MIS)robots,such as single-arm stapling robots,are key to oral and maxillofacial surgery because they overcome space constraints in the oral cavity and deep throat.However,biodegradable suture staples should be developed for the single-arm stapling robots to avoid a secondary operation.For this aim,a new type of Mg-3Zn-0.2Ca-2Ag biodegradable alloy wire was developed in this study applied as suture staples.Its tensile strength,yield strength,and elongation are 326.1 MPa,314.5 MPa,and 19.6%,respectively.Especially,the alloy wire attains the highest yield strength value reported among all the biodegradable Mg wires,which is mainly attributed to fine grain strengthening and second phase strengthening such as Mg_(2)Zn_(11) nano phase strengthening.Moreover,the corrosion rate of this alloy wire in simulated body fluid(SBF)reaches 26.8 mm/y,the highest value among all the biodegradable Mg alloy wires reported so far,which is mainly from the intensified galvanic corrosion between the Ag17Mg54 phase and the Mg matrix.In vitro studies demonstrate that the alloy wire exhibits good blood compatibility and low cytotoxicity.The cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)data shows that the suture staple made of the Mg alloy wire provides better mechanical support in the early postoperative period.From the single arm robot tests,it confirms that suture staples can close the wound tightly and remain stable over time.This research provides a good material selection for the automated suturing in oral and throat surgery robots.
文摘BACKGROUND Stapled hemorrhoidopexy(SH)is currently a widely accepted method for treating the prolapse of internal hemorrhoids.Postoperative anal stenosis is a critical complication of SH.A remedy for this involves the removal of the circumferential staples of the anastomosis,followed by the creation of a hand-sewn anastomosis.Numerous studies have reported modified SH procedures to improve outcomes.We hypothesized that our modified SH technique may help reduce complications of anal stenosis after SH.AIM To compare outcomes of staple removal at the 3-and 9-o’clock positions during modified SH in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.METHODS This was a single-center,retrospective,observational study.Patients with grade III or IV hemorrhoids who underwent standard or modified SH at our colorectal center between January 1,2015,and January 1,2020,were included.The operation time,blood loss,length of hospital stay,and incidence of minor or major complic-ations were recorded.RESULTS Patients with grade III or IV hemorrhoids who underwent standard or modified SH at our colorectal center between January 1,2015 and January 1,2020,were included.Operation time,blood loss,length of hospital stay,and incidence of minor or major complications were recorded.We investigated 187 patients(mean age,50.9 years)who had undergone our modified SH and 313 patients(mean age,53.0 years)who had undergone standard SH.In the modified SH group,54%of patients had previously undergone surgical intervention for hemorrhoids,compared with the 40.3%of patients in the standard SH group.The modified SH group included five(2.7%)patients with anal stenosis,while 21(6.7%)patients in the standard SH group had complications of anal stenosis.There was a significant relationship between the rate of postoperative anal stenosis and the modified SH:0.251(0.085-0.741)and 0.211(0.069-0.641)in multiple regression analysis.The modified SH technique is a safe surgical method for advanced grade hemorrhoids and might result in a lower rate of postoperative anal stenosis than standard SH.CONCLUSION The modified SH technique is a safe surgical method for advanced grade hemorrhoids and might result in a lower rate of postoperative anal stenosis than standard SH.
文摘After anorectal surgery,hemorrhoids frequently lead to chronic issues,partic-ularly in patients with mixed hemorrhoids.Liu et al investigated the outcomes of staple removal at the 3-and 9-o’clock positions following modified stapled hemorrhoidopexy(SH)in patients with grade III or IV hemorrhoids.This study included patients who underwent standard or modified SH between January 1,2015,and January 1,2020.Key metrics assessed included hospital stay duration,blood loss,operation time,and the incidence of minor or major complications.The findings indicated that the modified SH technique is a safe option for advanced-grade hemorrhoids,resulting in a lower rate of postoperative anal stenosis compared to standard SH.Notably,this technique also showed reduced anal stenosis rates in patients with prior hemorrhoid treatments.While the modified SH demonstrates immediate benefits,further research is necessary to evaluate long-term effects.Despite its advantages,the study’s limited sample size restricts the generalizability of the findings,underscoring the need for larger,long-term studies to validate these results.Clinically,the modified SH method appears to significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative anal stenosis,a common concern following typical surgeries.If confirmed by larger trials,this procedure may become the preferred surgical approach for hemorrhoids.In conclusion,the work of Liu et al signifies a meaningful advancement in hemorrhoid surgery,enhancing patient safety and outcomes.
文摘The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of BM (basement membrane) and SIS (small intestine submucosa) composite extracellular matrix staple line reinforcement in surgical procedures through finite element modelling simulations and leak-proof performance experiments. The mechanical analyses of soft tissues with and without staple line reinforcement were performed by establishing finite element models of three tissues, namely, stomach, intestine and lungs, under the use scenarios of different anastomosis staple models;and the leak-proof performance of the staple line reinforcement was evaluated by simulating leak-proof experiments of gastric incision margins, intestinal sections, and lung incision margins in vitro. The results showed that the equivalent average stresses of the staple line reinforcement were increased by 20 kPa-68 kPa in gastric and intestinal tissues, and 8 kPa-22 kPa in lung tissues. and that the BM and SIS composite extracellular matrix staple line reinforcement could strengthen the anastomotic structure, and at the same time disperse the high stresses of the anastomosed tissues, which could effectively reduce the postoperative complications such as anastomotic bleeding and anastomotic leakage, and provide a safer and more effective optimized design for surgical mechanical anastomosis. It can effectively reduce postoperative complications such as anastomotic bleeding and anastomotic leakage, and provide a safer and more effective optimized design for surgical mechanical anastomosis.
