Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the most alarming pathogens affecting both humans and the global bovine industry. The current control measures in hospitals and on farms for MRSA have proven...Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the most alarming pathogens affecting both humans and the global bovine industry. The current control measures in hospitals and on farms for MRSA have proven to be inadequate leaving a need for new rapid control methods to curb MRSA infections in situ. New control measures for bacterial infection are widely sought, with particular interest in the applications for bacteriophages (phages) as a biocontrol or therapeutic agent. The current study uses a wild highly lytic phage isolated from cow’s milk taken from three farms in Baghdad, Iraq. The resulting phage was able to rescue 100% of the mice from a median lethal dose (LD50) or (1 × 108 CFU mL-1 per mouse) for MRSA wild isolates achieved when the phage: bacteria ratio was 100:1. Even when treatment was delayed for 6 h post lethal infection, to the point where all mice were moribund, 80% of them were rescued by a single injection of this phage preparation. Based on the current results, a comprehensive study is needed to guide further research on the MRSA phage as a biocontrol for MRSA mastitis in dairy cows to replace or reduce the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry.展开更多
Canarium odontophyllum is one of the underutilized fruits among the local community in Sarawak, Malaysia. The leaf extracts from C. odontophyllum (6.25 mg/ml to 50 mg/m) were screened against two Gram-positive bacteri...Canarium odontophyllum is one of the underutilized fruits among the local community in Sarawak, Malaysia. The leaf extracts from C. odontophyllum (6.25 mg/ml to 50 mg/m) were screened against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Extraction of the C. odontophyllum leaves using methanol produced the highest yield (5.46%) followed by water (4.0%) and acetone (2.83%) whereas hexane extracted the lowest yield (0.98%). Out of the four bacterial species tested, only S. aureus was found to be susceptible towards the C. odontophyllum leaves extract. Screening result using agar well diffusion method showed that the antimicrobial activity of the acetone and methanol extracts from C. odontophyllum leaves was concentration-dependent towards the growth inhibition of S. aureus. The MIC values for both MeOH and acetone extracts were 0.391 mg/ml. The MBC value of MeOH extract was twice its MIC value whereas the MBC and MIC values of acetone extract against S. aureus were the same. Phytochemical analysis showed that acetone, MeOH and water extracts contain flavonoid, tannin, terpenoid and phenol. These findings conclude that the leaves of C. odontophyllum may contain therapeutically-useful compounds against S. aureus, which are mostly concentrated in the acetone extract. As such, C. odontophyllum have the potential to be developed as an alternative treatment against Staphylococcus aureus-associated skin and soft tissue infections.展开更多
文摘Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the most alarming pathogens affecting both humans and the global bovine industry. The current control measures in hospitals and on farms for MRSA have proven to be inadequate leaving a need for new rapid control methods to curb MRSA infections in situ. New control measures for bacterial infection are widely sought, with particular interest in the applications for bacteriophages (phages) as a biocontrol or therapeutic agent. The current study uses a wild highly lytic phage isolated from cow’s milk taken from three farms in Baghdad, Iraq. The resulting phage was able to rescue 100% of the mice from a median lethal dose (LD50) or (1 × 108 CFU mL-1 per mouse) for MRSA wild isolates achieved when the phage: bacteria ratio was 100:1. Even when treatment was delayed for 6 h post lethal infection, to the point where all mice were moribund, 80% of them were rescued by a single injection of this phage preparation. Based on the current results, a comprehensive study is needed to guide further research on the MRSA phage as a biocontrol for MRSA mastitis in dairy cows to replace or reduce the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry.
文摘Canarium odontophyllum is one of the underutilized fruits among the local community in Sarawak, Malaysia. The leaf extracts from C. odontophyllum (6.25 mg/ml to 50 mg/m) were screened against two Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Extraction of the C. odontophyllum leaves using methanol produced the highest yield (5.46%) followed by water (4.0%) and acetone (2.83%) whereas hexane extracted the lowest yield (0.98%). Out of the four bacterial species tested, only S. aureus was found to be susceptible towards the C. odontophyllum leaves extract. Screening result using agar well diffusion method showed that the antimicrobial activity of the acetone and methanol extracts from C. odontophyllum leaves was concentration-dependent towards the growth inhibition of S. aureus. The MIC values for both MeOH and acetone extracts were 0.391 mg/ml. The MBC value of MeOH extract was twice its MIC value whereas the MBC and MIC values of acetone extract against S. aureus were the same. Phytochemical analysis showed that acetone, MeOH and water extracts contain flavonoid, tannin, terpenoid and phenol. These findings conclude that the leaves of C. odontophyllum may contain therapeutically-useful compounds against S. aureus, which are mostly concentrated in the acetone extract. As such, C. odontophyllum have the potential to be developed as an alternative treatment against Staphylococcus aureus-associated skin and soft tissue infections.
