Stanene(Sn)-based materials have been extensively applied in industrial production and daily life,but their potential biomedical application remains largely unexplored,which is due to the absence of the appropriate an...Stanene(Sn)-based materials have been extensively applied in industrial production and daily life,but their potential biomedical application remains largely unexplored,which is due to the absence of the appropriate and effective methods for fabricating Sn-based biomaterials.Herein,we explored a new approach combining cryogenic exfoliation and liquid-phase exfoliation to successfully manufacture two-dimensional(2D)Sn nanosheets(SnNSs).The obtained SnNSs exhibited a typical sheet-like structure with an average size of~100 nm and a thickness of~5.1 nm.After PEGylation,the resulting PEGylated SnNSs(SnNSs@PEG)exhibited good stability,superior biocompatibility,and excellent photothermal performance,which could serve as robust photothermal agents for multi-modal imaging(fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal imaging)-guided photothermal elimination of cancer.Furthermore,we also used first-principles density functional theory calculations to investigate the photothermal mechanism of SnNSs,revealing that the free electrons in upper and lower layers of SnNSs contribute to the conversion of the photo to thermal.This work not only introduces a new approach to fabricate 2D SnNSs but also establishes the SnNSs-based nanomedicines for photonic cancer theranostics.This new type of SnNSs with great potential in the field of nanomedicines may spur a wave of developing Sn-based biological materials to benefit biomedical applications.展开更多
Stanene,the two-dimensional form of elemental tin(Sn),is easily oxidized in the ambient environ-ment,significantly hindering its applications in biomedical fields.However,the degradation mechanism of stanene remains u...Stanene,the two-dimensional form of elemental tin(Sn),is easily oxidized in the ambient environ-ment,significantly hindering its applications in biomedical fields.However,the degradation mechanism of stanene remains unclear.Herein,combined DFT calculations and proof-of-concept experiments were conducted to elucidate the underlying degradation mechanism of stanene.The results reveal that the degradation of stanene in an oxygenated water environment is a water-accelerated oxidation process.H_(2) O molecules could not only facilitate the electron transfer from stanene to O_(2) because of the polarization effect of H_(2) O,but also directly react with the defect sites of stanene due to enhanced absorption energy.Moreover,several protective strategies like alcohol protection were proposed to avoid or mitigate the oxidation of stanene for further applications.Finally,stanene was explored as the second near-infrared(NIR-II)photonic agents for ablation of 4T1 tumor,depicting a tumor-growth inhibition ratio up to 96.7%,much better than that of the first near-infrared(NIR-I)group(65.5%).This work reveals the degradation mechanism of stanene and demonstrates its biomedical applications in the NIR-II region.展开更多
The searches for large-gap quantum spin Hall insulators are important for both practical and fundamental inter- ests. In this work, we present a theoretical observation of the two-dimensional fully fluorinated stanene...The searches for large-gap quantum spin Hall insulators are important for both practical and fundamental inter- ests. In this work, we present a theoretical observation of the two-dimensional fully fluorinated stanene （SnF） by means of density functional theory. Remarkably, a significant spin-orbit coupling is observed for the SnF monolayer in the valence band at the F point, with a considerable indirect band gap of 278 meV. The direct gap of the SnF monolayer is at the F point, which is slightly larger by as much as 381 meV. In addition, the elastic modulus of the SnF monolayer is about 20J/m^2, which is comparable with the in-plane stiffness of black phos- phorus monolayer along the x-direction （~28.94 J/m^2）. Finally, the optical properties of stanene, SnF monolayer and stanene/SnF bilayer are calculated, in which the stanene/SnF bilayer is supposed to be an attractive sunlight absorber.展开更多
Hydrogenated two-dimensional(2D)materials have gained significant attention due to their tunable properties,which can be engineered through various functionalization techniques.This review discusses hydrogenated Xenes...Hydrogenated two-dimensional(2D)materials have gained significant attention due to their tunable properties,which can be engineered through various functionalization techniques.This review discusses hydrogenated Xenes,a new class of fully hydrogenated mono-elemental 2D materials,including graphane,germanane,silicane,and stanane.Hydrogenation enhances the properties of Xenes,making them transparent,mechanically strong,electrically conductive,and rare.These materials off er a unique combination of characteristics that make them highly desirable for a variety of advanced applications in energy storage,organic electronics,and optoelectronics.Xenes such as silicane and germanane are semiconductors with tunable bandgaps,making them ideal for use in transistors,logic circuits,and sensors.Their electronic and optical properties can be finely adjusted,allowing them to be used in high-performance devices like LEDs,solar cells,and photodetectors.Furthermore,hydrogenated Xenes show potential in applications like batteries,supercapacitors,hydrogen storage,piezoelectricity,and biosensing,owing to their high surface area and versatility.This review also explores the impact of various hydrogenation techniques,including plasma treatment,wet chemical methods,and electrochemical hydrogenation,on the electronic,mechanical,thermal,optical,and magnetic properties of these materials.Advanced characterization techniques,such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XANES),have provided valuable insights into the electronic structure and bonding environments of these materials.Finally,the paper highlights the challenges and limitations of hydrogenation,including structural instability and environmental concerns,while discussing the future prospects and advancements needed to harness the full potential of hydrogenated 2D materials.This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers aiming to explore the applications of hydrogenated Xenes in next-generation technologies.展开更多
Two dimenslonal(2D)topological insulators(TIs)and topological superonductors(TSC&)have been intensively studied for recent yars due to their great poterntial for dissipat iouless eloctron transporta-tion and fault...Two dimenslonal(2D)topological insulators(TIs)and topological superonductors(TSC&)have been intensively studied for recent yars due to their great poterntial for dissipat iouless eloctron transporta-tion and fault-tolerant quantum computing,respectively.Here we focus on stanene,the tin analogue of grapbene,to give a brief review of their development a a candidate for both 2D TI and TSC.Stanene is proposed to bea TI with a large gap of 0.3 eW,and its topological properties are sensitive to various factors,e.g..the lattice constants,chemical functionalization and layer thickness,which offer various methods for phase tunning.Experimentally,the inverted gap and edge states are observed recently,which are strong evidences for TI.In addition,stanene is also predicted to be a time reversal invariant TSC by breaking inversion syumetry,supporting belical Majorana edge modes.The layer dependent superconduetivity of stanene is receatly confirmed by both transport and scauning tumeling microsoopy measurenents.This review givs a detailod introduction to stanene and its topological properties and some proepects are also discussed.展开更多
Two-dimensional topological materials,especially quantum spin Hall insulators,have attracted enormous research interest owing to their potential for applications ranging from low-power electronics to fault-tolerant qu...Two-dimensional topological materials,especially quantum spin Hall insulators,have attracted enormous research interest owing to their potential for applications ranging from low-power electronics to fault-tolerant quantum computation.Stanene—the tin counterpart of graphene—is a promising candidate for room-temperature quantum spin Hall insulators,motivated by its simple atomic structure and considerable band-inversion gap.Nevertheless,one key challenge is to fabricate topological non-trivial stanene on insulating substrates.In this Perspective,we review recent developments in experimental routes to the creation of few-layer stanene films on various substrates.A quantitative comparison between these stanene films on different substrates is also presented.展开更多
Graphene,an emerging fabric of carbon atoms,has manifested its versatility in all kinds of fields encompassing electronics,optoelectronics,thermoelectrics,taking advantage of its excellent mechanical strength,exceptio...Graphene,an emerging fabric of carbon atoms,has manifested its versatility in all kinds of fields encompassing electronics,optoelectronics,thermoelectrics,taking advantage of its excellent mechanical strength,exceptional electronic and thermal conductivities,high surface specific area,and so forth.The prosperity of graphene never seen before has led the attention to silicene,siloxene,germanene,stanene,and plumbene due to their promising applications in the quantum spin Hall effect,topological insulator,batteries,capacitors,catalysis,and topological superconductivity.Herein,we review the existing production methods,numerous applications of two-dimensional group-IVA materials,and critically discuss the challenges of these materials,providing potential implications to the exploration of uncharted material systems.展开更多
As a new type of green energy, lithium-ion battery(LIB) has been widely used in various electric portable devices because of its high-voltage, large specific capacity, long cycle life and environmental friendliness [1...As a new type of green energy, lithium-ion battery(LIB) has been widely used in various electric portable devices because of its high-voltage, large specific capacity, long cycle life and environmental friendliness [1,2]. However, today’s anode materials of commercial LIBs cannot meet the further development requirements of smart devices and electric car due to the limitations of the electrode capacity(e.g. 372 mAh g-1 for graphite).展开更多
基金the US METAvivor Early Career Investigator Award(W.T.)and Harvard Medical School/Brigham and Women’s Hospital Department of Anesthesiology-Basic Scientist Grant(W.T.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21877049,21807117)+2 种基金Major Program for Tackling Key Problems of Industrial Technology in Guangzhou(201902020013)Dedicated Fund for Promoting High-Quality Marine Economic Development in Guangdong Province(GDOE-2019-A31,2020-035)Dr J.Ouyang was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M683173).
文摘Stanene(Sn)-based materials have been extensively applied in industrial production and daily life,but their potential biomedical application remains largely unexplored,which is due to the absence of the appropriate and effective methods for fabricating Sn-based biomaterials.Herein,we explored a new approach combining cryogenic exfoliation and liquid-phase exfoliation to successfully manufacture two-dimensional(2D)Sn nanosheets(SnNSs).The obtained SnNSs exhibited a typical sheet-like structure with an average size of~100 nm and a thickness of~5.1 nm.After PEGylation,the resulting PEGylated SnNSs(SnNSs@PEG)exhibited good stability,superior biocompatibility,and excellent photothermal performance,which could serve as robust photothermal agents for multi-modal imaging(fluorescence/photoacoustic/photothermal imaging)-guided photothermal elimination of cancer.Furthermore,we also used first-principles density functional theory calculations to investigate the photothermal mechanism of SnNSs,revealing that the free electrons in upper and lower layers of SnNSs contribute to the conversion of the photo to thermal.This work not only introduces a new approach to fabricate 2D SnNSs but also establishes the SnNSs-based nanomedicines for photonic cancer theranostics.This new type of SnNSs with great potential in the field of nanomedicines may spur a wave of developing Sn-based biological materials to benefit biomedical applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(No.52071120)the University Synergy Innovation Program of Anhui Province(Nos.GXXT-2019-045 and GXXT-2020-063)the Open Foundation of Shenzhen Bay Lab-oratory(No.SZBL2019062801005).
文摘Stanene,the two-dimensional form of elemental tin(Sn),is easily oxidized in the ambient environ-ment,significantly hindering its applications in biomedical fields.However,the degradation mechanism of stanene remains unclear.Herein,combined DFT calculations and proof-of-concept experiments were conducted to elucidate the underlying degradation mechanism of stanene.The results reveal that the degradation of stanene in an oxygenated water environment is a water-accelerated oxidation process.H_(2) O molecules could not only facilitate the electron transfer from stanene to O_(2) because of the polarization effect of H_(2) O,but also directly react with the defect sites of stanene due to enhanced absorption energy.Moreover,several protective strategies like alcohol protection were proposed to avoid or mitigate the oxidation of stanene for further applications.Finally,stanene was explored as the second near-infrared(NIR-II)photonic agents for ablation of 4T1 tumor,depicting a tumor-growth inhibition ratio up to 96.7%,much better than that of the first near-infrared(NIR-I)group(65.5%).This work reveals the degradation mechanism of stanene and demonstrates its biomedical applications in the NIR-II region.
基金Supported by the Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications under Grant No NY215064the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No 2015M581824the Jiangsu Post-doctoral Foundation under Grant No1501070B
文摘The searches for large-gap quantum spin Hall insulators are important for both practical and fundamental inter- ests. In this work, we present a theoretical observation of the two-dimensional fully fluorinated stanene （SnF） by means of density functional theory. Remarkably, a significant spin-orbit coupling is observed for the SnF monolayer in the valence band at the F point, with a considerable indirect band gap of 278 meV. The direct gap of the SnF monolayer is at the F point, which is slightly larger by as much as 381 meV. In addition, the elastic modulus of the SnF monolayer is about 20J/m^2, which is comparable with the in-plane stiffness of black phos- phorus monolayer along the x-direction （~28.94 J/m^2）. Finally, the optical properties of stanene, SnF monolayer and stanene/SnF bilayer are calculated, in which the stanene/SnF bilayer is supposed to be an attractive sunlight absorber.
基金partially supported by the financial supports from Aaivalayam-DIRAC,Indiathe Science and Technology Development Fund(Nos.007/2017/A1 and 132/2017/A3),Macao Special Administration Region(SAR),China+2 种基金National Natural Science Fund(Nos.61875138,61435010,and 6181101252)Science and Technology Innovation Commission of the Shenzhen(Nos.KQTD2015032416270,JCYJ20150625103619275,and JCYJ20170811093453105)research funding from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(Ural Federal University project within the Priority 2030 Program)。
文摘Hydrogenated two-dimensional(2D)materials have gained significant attention due to their tunable properties,which can be engineered through various functionalization techniques.This review discusses hydrogenated Xenes,a new class of fully hydrogenated mono-elemental 2D materials,including graphane,germanane,silicane,and stanane.Hydrogenation enhances the properties of Xenes,making them transparent,mechanically strong,electrically conductive,and rare.These materials off er a unique combination of characteristics that make them highly desirable for a variety of advanced applications in energy storage,organic electronics,and optoelectronics.Xenes such as silicane and germanane are semiconductors with tunable bandgaps,making them ideal for use in transistors,logic circuits,and sensors.Their electronic and optical properties can be finely adjusted,allowing them to be used in high-performance devices like LEDs,solar cells,and photodetectors.Furthermore,hydrogenated Xenes show potential in applications like batteries,supercapacitors,hydrogen storage,piezoelectricity,and biosensing,owing to their high surface area and versatility.This review also explores the impact of various hydrogenation techniques,including plasma treatment,wet chemical methods,and electrochemical hydrogenation,on the electronic,mechanical,thermal,optical,and magnetic properties of these materials.Advanced characterization techniques,such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XANES),have provided valuable insights into the electronic structure and bonding environments of these materials.Finally,the paper highlights the challenges and limitations of hydrogenation,including structural instability and environmental concerns,while discussing the future prospects and advancements needed to harness the full potential of hydrogenated 2D materials.This review serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers aiming to explore the applications of hydrogenated Xenes in next-generation technologies.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11521404,11634009,11674222,11674226,11790313,11574202,11874256,U1632102,11861161003,and 11874258)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2016YFA0300403 and 2016YFA0301003)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDPB08-2)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB28000000).
文摘Two dimenslonal(2D)topological insulators(TIs)and topological superonductors(TSC&)have been intensively studied for recent yars due to their great poterntial for dissipat iouless eloctron transporta-tion and fault-tolerant quantum computing,respectively.Here we focus on stanene,the tin analogue of grapbene,to give a brief review of their development a a candidate for both 2D TI and TSC.Stanene is proposed to bea TI with a large gap of 0.3 eW,and its topological properties are sensitive to various factors,e.g..the lattice constants,chemical functionalization and layer thickness,which offer various methods for phase tunning.Experimentally,the inverted gap and edge states are observed recently,which are strong evidences for TI.In addition,stanene is also predicted to be a time reversal invariant TSC by breaking inversion syumetry,supporting belical Majorana edge modes.The layer dependent superconduetivity of stanene is receatly confirmed by both transport and scauning tumeling microsoopy measurenents.This review givs a detailod introduction to stanene and its topological properties and some proepects are also discussed.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92065206,No.62204016)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.1222034).
文摘Two-dimensional topological materials,especially quantum spin Hall insulators,have attracted enormous research interest owing to their potential for applications ranging from low-power electronics to fault-tolerant quantum computation.Stanene—the tin counterpart of graphene—is a promising candidate for room-temperature quantum spin Hall insulators,motivated by its simple atomic structure and considerable band-inversion gap.Nevertheless,one key challenge is to fabricate topological non-trivial stanene on insulating substrates.In this Perspective,we review recent developments in experimental routes to the creation of few-layer stanene films on various substrates.A quantitative comparison between these stanene films on different substrates is also presented.
基金This study was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB1104300 and 2016YFA0200200)Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.21671020,51433005 and 51673026)+1 种基金NSFC-MAECI(51861135202),Beijing Natural Science Foundation(2172049)Analysis&Testing Center,Beijing Institute of Technology.
文摘Graphene,an emerging fabric of carbon atoms,has manifested its versatility in all kinds of fields encompassing electronics,optoelectronics,thermoelectrics,taking advantage of its excellent mechanical strength,exceptional electronic and thermal conductivities,high surface specific area,and so forth.The prosperity of graphene never seen before has led the attention to silicene,siloxene,germanene,stanene,and plumbene due to their promising applications in the quantum spin Hall effect,topological insulator,batteries,capacitors,catalysis,and topological superconductivity.Herein,we review the existing production methods,numerous applications of two-dimensional group-IVA materials,and critically discuss the challenges of these materials,providing potential implications to the exploration of uncharted material systems.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No.2017YFB0702100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.11404017)+4 种基金Technology Foundation for Selected Overseas Chinese Scholar, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of China, Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.20192029)supported by the European Regional Development Fund in the IT4Innovations National Supercomputing Center-Path to Exascale project, No.CZ.02.1.01/ 0.0/0.0/16_013/0001791 within the Operational Programme Research, Development and Education by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sport of the Czech Republicgrant No.17-27790S of the Czech Science FoundationsMobility grant No.8J18DE004 of the Ministry of Education, Youngth and Sports of the Czech RepublicSGS No.SP2019/110。
文摘As a new type of green energy, lithium-ion battery(LIB) has been widely used in various electric portable devices because of its high-voltage, large specific capacity, long cycle life and environmental friendliness [1,2]. However, today’s anode materials of commercial LIBs cannot meet the further development requirements of smart devices and electric car due to the limitations of the electrode capacity(e.g. 372 mAh g-1 for graphite).
