Formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))perovskite exhibits an impressive X-ray absorption coefficient and a large carrier mobility-lifetime product(μτ),making it as a highly promising candidate for X-ray detection appl...Formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))perovskite exhibits an impressive X-ray absorption coefficient and a large carrier mobility-lifetime product(μτ),making it as a highly promising candidate for X-ray detection application.However,the presence of larger FA^(+)cation induces to an expansion of the Pb-I octahedral framework,which unfortunately affects both the stability and charge carrier mobility of the corresponding devices.To address this challenge,we develop a novel low-dimensional(HtrzT)PbI_(3) perovskite featuring a conjugated organic cation(1H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-thiol,HtrzT^(+))which matches well with theα-FAPbI_(3) lattices in two-dimensional plane.Benefiting from the matched lattice between(HtrzT)PbI_(3) andα-FAPbI_(3),the anchored lattice enhances the Pb-I bond strength and effectively mitigates the inherent tensile strain of theα-FAPbI_(3) crystal lattice.The X-ray detector based on(HtrzT)PbI_(3)(1.0)/FAPbI_(3) device achieves a remarkable sensitivity up to 1.83×10^(5)μC Gy_(air)^(−1) cm^(−2),along with a low detection limit of 27.6 nGy_(air) s^(−1),attributed to the release of residual stress,and the enhancement in carrier mobility-lifetime product.Furthermore,the detector exhibits outstanding stability under X-ray irradiation with tolerating doses equivalent to nearly 1.17×10^(6) chest imaging doses.展开更多
The electrolysis of natural seawater powered by abundant offshore renewable energy is widely considered as a sustainable hydrogen production technique.However,the competitive chlorine evolution reaction severely damag...The electrolysis of natural seawater powered by abundant offshore renewable energy is widely considered as a sustainable hydrogen production technique.However,the competitive chlorine evolution reaction severely damages the catalyst durability in the anodic seawater oxidation.Here,we demonstrate that the in situ chromate cover restructured from a preformed Crbased metal organic framework(MIL-101(Cr))stabilizes anodic seawater oxidation while maintaining high activity on an optimized NiFe-layered double hydroxide(NiFe-LDH)array catalyst.Impressively,such a cover enables an over 20-fold reduction in overpotential attenuation rate(0.11 mV·h^(-1))in comparison to the unmodified NiFe-LDH counterpart(2.38 mV·h^(-1))against a stable 185 h operation.A combination of experiment studies and theoretical calculations has unveiled that the in situ generated chromate cover weaken unfavorable Cl^(-)adsorption more notably over reactive OH−,therefore mitigating the Cl-related corrosion on the NiFe-LDH.The present study advances a stability breakthrough in the feasible implementation of direct seawater electrolysis for sustainable green hydrogen production.展开更多
Cu-based materials are ideal catalysts for CO_(2) electrocatalytic reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) into multicarbon products.However,such reactions require stringent conditions on local environments of catalyst surfaces,...Cu-based materials are ideal catalysts for CO_(2) electrocatalytic reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) into multicarbon products.However,such reactions require stringent conditions on local environments of catalyst surfaces,which currently are the global pressing challenges.Here,a stabilized activation of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)-onAg interface by N_(2) cold plasma treatment was developed for improving Faradaic efficiency(FE) of CO_(2)RR into C2 products.The resultant Ag@Cu-CuN_x exhibits a C2 FE of 72% with a partial current density of-14.9 mA cm^(-2) at-1.0 V vs.RHE(reversible hydrogen electrode).Combining density functional theory(DFT) and experimental investigations,we unveiled that Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) species can be co ntrollably tu ned by the incorporation of nitrogen to form CuN_x on Ag surface,i.e.,Ag@Cu-CuN_x.This strategy enhances ^(*)CO intermediates generation and accelerates C-C coupling both thermodynamically and kinetically.The intermediates O^(*)C^(*)CO,^(*)COOH,and ^(*)CO were detected by in-situ attenuated total internal reflection surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy(ATR-SEIRAS).The uncovered CO_(2)RR-into-C2 products were carried out along CO_(2)→^(*)COOH→^(*)CO→O^(*)C^(*)CO→^(*)C_(2)H_(3)O→^(*)C_(2)H_(4)O→ C_(2)H_(5)OH(or ^(*)C_(2)H_(3)O→^(*)O+C_(2)H_(4)) paths over Ag@Cu-CuN_x electrocatalyst.This work provides a new approach to design Cu-based electrocatalysts with high-efficiency,mild condition,and stable CO_(2)RR to C2 products.展开更多
Silicon(Si)anode has been considered a promising candidate due to its remarkable theoretical capacity but it was plagued by severe pulverization because of the inherent huge volume variation.Enhancing electrode stabil...Silicon(Si)anode has been considered a promising candidate due to its remarkable theoretical capacity but it was plagued by severe pulverization because of the inherent huge volume variation.Enhancing electrode stability is an effective approach to improve electrochemical performance.Herein,a stable Si anode was established by an innovative construction of the bonding between conductive agents and active materials/binders.As a result,the strong interaction of electrode components not only effectively alleviates the volume expansion of Si but also achieves a stable interface by generating the beneficial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)composition.Attributed to the deliberate scheme of the electrode,the Si anode exhibits sterling electrochemical performance.Besides,the device of the electrode is not only effective for other binders but also for other anode materials with high volume variation,thus shedding light on the rational design of electrodes for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Protein denaturation is under intensive research, since it leads to neurological disorders of severe consequences. Avoiding denaturation and stabilizing the proteins in their native state is of great importance,especi...Protein denaturation is under intensive research, since it leads to neurological disorders of severe consequences. Avoiding denaturation and stabilizing the proteins in their native state is of great importance,especially when proteins are used as drug molecules or vaccines. It is preferred to add pharmaceutical excipients in protein formulations to avoid denaturation and thereby stabilize them. The present study aimed at using bile salts(BSs), a group of well-known drug delivery systems, for stabilization of proteins.Bovine serum albumin(BSA) was taken as the model protein, whose association with two BSs, namely sodium cholate(Na C) and sodium deoxycholate(Na DC), was studied. Denaturation studies on the preformed BSA-BS systems were carried out under chemical and physical denaturation conditions. Urea was used as the chemical denaturant and BSA-BS systems were subjected to various temperature conditions to understand the thermal(physical) denaturation. With the denaturation conditions prescribed here,the data obtained is informative on the association of BSA-BS systems to be hydrophobic and this effect of hydrophobicity plays an important role in stabilizing the serum albumin in its native state under both chemical and thermal denaturation.展开更多
The hole transport layer(HTL)affects the device performance and stability of organic solar cells.In this work,a stable molybdenum oxide(MoO_(x))hole transport layer with low cost was prepared by adjusting the state of...The hole transport layer(HTL)affects the device performance and stability of organic solar cells.In this work,a stable molybdenum oxide(MoO_(x))hole transport layer with low cost was prepared by adjusting the state of the precursor solution with an alcoholic solution of molybdenum acetylacetonate through an oxidant.The MoO_(x) transport layer has good transmittance with a work function of 5.07 eV and higher surface energy.The PM6:Y6 devices using MoO_(x) HTL achieve a high efficiency of 16.8%.MoO_(x) HTL exhibits good applicability with excellent performance in both ternary and all-polymer systems.Air storage stability T80 of the all-polymer device using MoO_(x) HTL was over 600 h,much higher than 70 h of the PEDOT:PSS-based device,and its thermal stability at 85℃ and operational stability under light show better stability than that of the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer.This work provides a facile and low-cost method to fabricate HTL for organic solar cells,which is beneficial to improve their efficiency and stability.展开更多
Pyrrolic and pyridinic N dopants can dramatically increase the electrochemical activities of carbon and conducting polymers.Although N-doped conducting polymers suffer from rapid degradation,their carbon counterpart o...Pyrrolic and pyridinic N dopants can dramatically increase the electrochemical activities of carbon and conducting polymers.Although N-doped conducting polymers suffer from rapid degradation,their carbon counterpart of extraordinary capacitance has remarkable rate performance and cycling endurance thanks to carbon’s excellent electrical conductivity.But high nitrogen content and high electrical conductivity are difficult to achieve in a high-surface-area carbon,because the high chemical vapor deposition(CVD)temperature required for obtaining high conductivity also destabilizes under-coordinated pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen and tends to lower the surface area.Here we resolve this dilemma by using SiO2 as an effective N-fixation additive,which stabilizes the N-rich nano few-layer sp2-carbon construct in1000℃CVD.This enables a scalable sol-gel/CVD fabrication process for few-layer carbon electrodes of extraordinary capacitance(690 F g^-1).The electrodes have excellent rate performance and can maintain90%of their initial capacitance after 30,000 cycles,thus potentially suitable for practical applications.展开更多
Monomeric anthocyanins exhibit color variations at different pH, but they are highly unstable at physiological pH. To improve the stability, the effects of polyvinylalcohol on the anthocyanins of young red wine prepar...Monomeric anthocyanins exhibit color variations at different pH, but they are highly unstable at physiological pH. To improve the stability, the effects of polyvinylalcohol on the anthocyanins of young red wine prepared from Cambell Early grapes were examined in aqueous solution and in the solid phase on a cotton swab? and inert materials. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and mal-vidin-3-glucoside represented approximately 43.6% of total anthocyanins in the red wine. The anthocyanins decreased to 11.3% of the initial amount in aqueous solution at physiological pH after storage for 60 days at room temperature. On the other hand, from 66.9% to 87.2% remained in the solid phase on a cotton swab? and polypropylene membrane in the presence of polyvinylalcohol. The stability of the anthocyanins increased with the concentration of polyvinyl-alcohol in the solid phase but not in the aqueous solution. The anthocyanins were found to be condensed and immobilized in the complexes of anthocyanins and polyvinylalcohol on the poly-propylene membrane by phase-contrast microscopy analysis. The anthocyanins in the cotton swab? displayed color variations when dipped into different pH buffer solutions. These results suggest that anthocyanins from red wine stabilized in the solid phase by polyvinylalcohol can be used as a visual indicator of pH.展开更多
Strengthening the operational durability of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts is essential for advancing both fuel cells and metal-air batteries.However,developing highly active and durable catalysts remains a s...Strengthening the operational durability of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts is essential for advancing both fuel cells and metal-air batteries.However,developing highly active and durable catalysts remains a significant challenge.In this study,a catalyst(Co/Cu-N-C)featuring uniformly distributed Co nanoparticles(NPs)and Co/Cu sites has been synthesized via a facile complex-assisted pyrolysis strategy.We observed that Cu-N-C support effectively confines the growth and leaching of Co NPs during both synthesis and ORR catalysis,thereby boosting the stability of the catalyst.Meanwhile,the presence of Co NPs and Cu sites slightly contributes to the ORR activity by optimizing the ^(*)OH desorption.The assembled zinc-air battery(ZAB)demonstrates a superhigh power density of 256.1 mW·cm^(−2)and a long-term operational stability exceeding 500 h.This work not only underscores the potential of bimetallic systems and NPs in enhancing catalyst stability but also provides valuable insights for the synthesis of high-performance ORR electrocatalysts.展开更多
We investigate a class of non-integrable two-particle Calogero-Moser systems modulated by a power-law external potential.The local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem is established under the strict initial separatio...We investigate a class of non-integrable two-particle Calogero-Moser systems modulated by a power-law external potential.The local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem is established under the strict initial separation condition for the particles.For suitably prepared initial configurations,local solutions can be extended globally via energy conservation;conversely,negative energy conditions induce(in)finite-time blowup.The linear(in)stability of stationary solutions is analyzed,with their energy serving as a threshold.Numerical investigations employ a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme with adaptive step-size control.Simulations demonstrate that the trajectories either converge to steady states or exhibit blowup,depending on the power exponentαand initial conditions.Increasingαaccelerates the convergence rate and dampens oscillatory dynamics,promoting a transition from periodic behavior to static equilibrium.展开更多
In this paper,we establish and study a single-species logistic model with impulsive age-selective harvesting.First,we prove the ultimate boundedness of the solutions of the system.Then,we obtain conditions for the asy...In this paper,we establish and study a single-species logistic model with impulsive age-selective harvesting.First,we prove the ultimate boundedness of the solutions of the system.Then,we obtain conditions for the asymptotic stability of the trivial solution and the positive periodic solution.Finally,numerical simulations are presented to validate our results.Our results show that age-selective harvesting is more conducive to sustainable population survival than non-age-selective harvesting.展开更多
To synergistically recover alumina and alkali from red mud(RM),the structural stability and conversion mechanism of hydroandradite(HA)from hydrogarnet(HG)were investigated via the First-principles,XRF,XRD,PSD and SEM ...To synergistically recover alumina and alkali from red mud(RM),the structural stability and conversion mechanism of hydroandradite(HA)from hydrogarnet(HG)were investigated via the First-principles,XRF,XRD,PSD and SEM methods,and a novel hydrothermal process based on the conversion principle was finally proposed.The crystal structure simulation shows that the HA with varied silicon saturation coefficients is more stable than HG,and the HA with a high iron substitution coefficient is more difficult to be converted from HG.The(110)plane of Fe_(2)O_(3) is easier to combine with HG to form HA,and the binding energy is 81.93 kJ/mol.The effects of raw material ratio,solution concentration and hydrothermal parameters on the conversion from HG to HA were revealed,and the optimal conditions for the alumina recovery were obtained.The recovery efficiencies of alumina and Na_(2)O from the RM are 63.06%and 97.34%,respectively,and the Na_(2)O content in the treated RM is only 0.13%.展开更多
Single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metalcarrier interactions,which have attracted significant attention in the biomed...Single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metalcarrier interactions,which have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field.However,stability issues may impede the clinical translation of SAzymes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of SAzymes in various biomedical fields,including disease diagnosis(e.g.,biosensors and diagnostic imaging),antitumor therapy(e.g.,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,sonodynamic therapy,and immunotherapy),antimicrobial therapy,and anti-oxidative stress therapy.More importantly,the existing challenges of SAzymes are discussed,such as metal atom clustering and active site loss,ligand bond breakage at high temperature,insufficient environment tolerance,biosecurity risks,and limited catalytic long-term stability.Finally,several innovative strategies to address these stability concerns are proposed—synthesis process optimization(space-limited strategy,coordination site design,bimetallic synergistic strategy,defect engineering strategy,atom stripping-capture),surface modification,and dynamic responsive design—that collectively pave the way for robust,clinically viable SAzymes.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for renewable energy storage,yet their practical deployment in subzero environments remains challenging due to electrolyte freezing and dendritic growth.Alth...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for renewable energy storage,yet their practical deployment in subzero environments remains challenging due to electrolyte freezing and dendritic growth.Although organic additives can enhance the antifreeze properties of electrolytes,their weak polarity diminishes ionic conductivity,and their flammability poses safety concerns,undermining the inherent advantages of aqueous systems.Herein,we present a cost-effective and highly stable Na_(2)SO_(4)additive introduced into a Zn(ClO_(4))2-based electrolyte to create an organic-free antifreeze electrolyte.Through Raman spectroscopy,in situ optical microscopy,densityfunctional theory computations,and molecular dynamics simulations,we demonstrate that Na+ions improve low-temperature electrolyte performance and mitigate dendrite formation by regulating uniform Zn^(2+)deposition through preferential adsorption and electrostatic interactions.As a result,the Zn||Zn cells using this electrolyte achieve a remarkable cycling life of 360 h at-40℃ with 61% depth of discharge,and the Zn||PANI cells retained an ultrahigh capacity retention of 91%even after 8000 charge/discharge cycles at-40℃.This work proposes a cost-effective and practical approach for enhancing the long-term operational stability of AZMBs in low-temperature environments.展开更多
Large-area and free-standing photonic crystal(PC)polymer films exhibit highly saturated iridescence and robust structural colors,making them promising for applications in the field of display,anti-counterfeiting,and c...Large-area and free-standing photonic crystal(PC)polymer films exhibit highly saturated iridescence and robust structural colors,making them promising for applications in the field of display,anti-counterfeiting,and camouflage.However,their practical utilization has been hindered by challenges in achieving both vivid coloration and reusability.Here,we design a sandwich-structured PC film that simultaneously addresses issues of color appearance and reusability by combining colloid evaporative self-assembly on porous substrate and knife coating of polymers.The unique“sandwich”structure,comprising a self-assembled PC intermediate layer and protective polymer encapsulation,demonstrates a great synergistic effect(“1+1>2”),including unprecedented color fastness stability(affordable for 100 times dye/wet fastness),bright iridescent color,and certain flexibility and reusability.In addition,by replacing the bottom polymer with a double-sided adhesive,a flexible PC sticker can be further obtained,broadening its range of applications to surfaces of different materials.This strategy opens a new avenue for constructing functionalized iridescent PC-polymer films.展开更多
The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we discuss what makes a job meaningful.Look Beyond the Surface.What makes a job meaningful?The answer is far from unive...The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we discuss what makes a job meaningful.Look Beyond the Surface.What makes a job meaningful?The answer is far from universal.For some,it’s the stability of a pay cheque and a clear path for career growth.展开更多
Continuous monitoring of biosignals is essential for advancing early disease detection,personalized treatment,and health management.Flexible electronics,capable of accurately monitoring biosignals in daily life,have g...Continuous monitoring of biosignals is essential for advancing early disease detection,personalized treatment,and health management.Flexible electronics,capable of accurately monitoring biosignals in daily life,have garnered considerable attention due to their softness,conformability,and biocompatibility.However,several challenges remain,including imperfect skin-device interfaces,limited breathability,and insufficient mechanoelectrical stability.On-skin epidermal electronics,distinguished by their excellent conformability,breathability,and mechanoelectrical robustness,offer a promising solution for high-fidelity,long-term health monitoring.These devices can seamlessly integrate with the human body,leading to transformative advancements in future personalized healthcare.This review provides a systematic examination of recent advancements in on-skin epidermal electronics,with particular emphasis on critical aspects including material science,structural design,desired properties,and practical applications.We explore various materials,considering their properties and the corresponding structural designs developed to construct high-performance epidermal electronics.We then discuss different approaches for achieving the desired device properties necessary for long-term health monitoring,including adhesiveness,breathability,and mechanoelectrical stability.Additionally,we summarize the diverse applications of these devices in monitoring biophysical and physiological signals.Finally,we address the challenges facing these devices and outline future prospects,offering insights into the ongoing development of on-skin epidermal electronics for long-term health monitoring.展开更多
Selective catalytic reduction with NH3(NH3-SCR)is an important means of NO_(x) abatement from stationary and mobile sources,and the key element is efficient and stable NH3-SCR catalysts.In this study,we propose a meth...Selective catalytic reduction with NH3(NH3-SCR)is an important means of NO_(x) abatement from stationary and mobile sources,and the key element is efficient and stable NH3-SCR catalysts.In this study,we propose a method to construct superior Fe-Beta catalysts based on Al-rich zeolites.This strategy successfully promotes the formation of NH3-SCR-active isolated Fe^(3+)species,thus effectively improving the low-temperature activity of the Fe-Beta catalysts.Thanks to the abundant Brønsted acid sites of the Al-rich zeolite,the Fe_(2)O_(3) particles are redispersed and anchored as isolated Fe^(3+)during hydrothermal aging.This dynamic evolution of Fe species makes up for the adverse effect of dealumination of the Al-rich zeolite framework and achieves high stability for the Al-rich Fe-Beta catalyst.This study may promote the understanding of highly efficient and stable catalyst design using Al-rich zeolites.展开更多
AIM:To investigate age-related differences in the irislens angle(ILA)among patients with age-related cortical cataracts and elucidate the impact of age on lens stability.METHODS:A prospective observational study was c...AIM:To investigate age-related differences in the irislens angle(ILA)among patients with age-related cortical cataracts and elucidate the impact of age on lens stability.METHODS:A prospective observational study was conducted on patients with age-related cortical cataracts scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery.Preoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)images were collected and analyzed.Initially,patients were stratified into two age groups:<60y and≥60y,with no significant intergroup differences in sex or eye laterality.For further analysis,participants were subdivided into three age strata:<60y,60-75y,and>75y.The ILA was measured in four quadrants(superior,inferior,nasal,and temporal).Intergroup differences in ILA were compared,and correlations between age and ILA parameters were analyzed using statistical methods.RESULTS:The sample data were categorized into three groups according to age,<60y(113 patients;55.8%female),60–75y(245 patients;61.0%female),and>75y(70 patients;50.2%female).The superior quadrant ILA increased progressively with age stratification(P=0.02),and the maximum ILA difference(ΔILA)was significantly higher in patients over 75y(P<0.01).Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between age and ILA in the superior(Y=7.487+0.096X,R=0.191,P<0.001)and temporal(Y=10.254+0.052X,R=0.104,P=0.032)quadrants.Additionally,the mean ILA across all quadrants(ILAmean)andΔILA were positively correlated with age(ILAmean:Y=9.721+0.055X,R=0.138,P=0.004;ΔILA:Y=3.267+0.044X,R=0.006,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In patients with age-related cortical cataracts,ILA increases with age,particularly in the superior and temporal quadrants,suggesting that advanced age is associated with greater lens deviation and decreased lens stability.UBM imaging can effectively evaluate the status of the zonule and lens stability,providing crucial evidence for personalized surgical planning based on patients’age.展开更多
Pulsed dynamic electrolysis(PDE),driven by renewable energy,has emerged as an innovative electrocatalytic conversion method,demonstrating significant potential in addressing global energy challenges and promoting sust...Pulsed dynamic electrolysis(PDE),driven by renewable energy,has emerged as an innovative electrocatalytic conversion method,demonstrating significant potential in addressing global energy challenges and promoting sustainable development.Despite significant progress in various electrochemical systems,the regulatory mechanisms of PDE in energy and mass transfer and the lifespan extension of electrolysis systems,particularly in water electrolysis(WE)for hydrogen production,remain insufficiently explored.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the unique contributions of PDE in mass transfer enhancement,microenvironment regulation,and hydrogen production optimization,aiming to achieve low-energy consumption,high catalytic activity,and long-term stability in the generation of target products.Here,this review critically examines the microenvironmental effects of PDE on energy and mass transfer,the electrode degradation mechanisms in the lifespan extension of electrolysis systems,and the key factors in enhancing WE for hydrogen production,providing a comprehensive summary of current research progress.The review focuses on the complex regulatory mechanisms of frequency,duty cycle,amplitude,and other factors in hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance within PDE strategies,revealing the interrelationships among them.Finally,the potential future directions and challenges for transitioning from laboratory studies to industrial applications are proposed.展开更多
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375220,U2001214,22471302)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024B1515020101)Open Project Fund from State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies(OEMT-2024-KF-08).
文摘Formamidinium lead iodide(FAPbI_(3))perovskite exhibits an impressive X-ray absorption coefficient and a large carrier mobility-lifetime product(μτ),making it as a highly promising candidate for X-ray detection application.However,the presence of larger FA^(+)cation induces to an expansion of the Pb-I octahedral framework,which unfortunately affects both the stability and charge carrier mobility of the corresponding devices.To address this challenge,we develop a novel low-dimensional(HtrzT)PbI_(3) perovskite featuring a conjugated organic cation(1H-1,2,4-Triazole-3-thiol,HtrzT^(+))which matches well with theα-FAPbI_(3) lattices in two-dimensional plane.Benefiting from the matched lattice between(HtrzT)PbI_(3) andα-FAPbI_(3),the anchored lattice enhances the Pb-I bond strength and effectively mitigates the inherent tensile strain of theα-FAPbI_(3) crystal lattice.The X-ray detector based on(HtrzT)PbI_(3)(1.0)/FAPbI_(3) device achieves a remarkable sensitivity up to 1.83×10^(5)μC Gy_(air)^(−1) cm^(−2),along with a low detection limit of 27.6 nGy_(air) s^(−1),attributed to the release of residual stress,and the enhancement in carrier mobility-lifetime product.Furthermore,the detector exhibits outstanding stability under X-ray irradiation with tolerating doses equivalent to nearly 1.17×10^(6) chest imaging doses.
基金support of National Key R&D Program of China(No.2025YFE0111200)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.40120631)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52202291)Empowering Graduate Students as Scholarly Writers:Multidisciplinary Collaboration and Digital Innovation in Academic Publishing(No.zx2024006)for the supportsupport of 2025 Provincial Key R&D Program Joint Project on Science and Technology Innovation in Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City sponsored by Science and Technology Department of Hainan Province(No.ZDYF2025GXJS130)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province of China(No.623MS068)the Innovation Studio Project of the Jing men Center for Technology Transfer at Wuhan University of Technology(No.WHUTJMZX-2024CX-06).
文摘The electrolysis of natural seawater powered by abundant offshore renewable energy is widely considered as a sustainable hydrogen production technique.However,the competitive chlorine evolution reaction severely damages the catalyst durability in the anodic seawater oxidation.Here,we demonstrate that the in situ chromate cover restructured from a preformed Crbased metal organic framework(MIL-101(Cr))stabilizes anodic seawater oxidation while maintaining high activity on an optimized NiFe-layered double hydroxide(NiFe-LDH)array catalyst.Impressively,such a cover enables an over 20-fold reduction in overpotential attenuation rate(0.11 mV·h^(-1))in comparison to the unmodified NiFe-LDH counterpart(2.38 mV·h^(-1))against a stable 185 h operation.A combination of experiment studies and theoretical calculations has unveiled that the in situ generated chromate cover weaken unfavorable Cl^(-)adsorption more notably over reactive OH−,therefore mitigating the Cl-related corrosion on the NiFe-LDH.The present study advances a stability breakthrough in the feasible implementation of direct seawater electrolysis for sustainable green hydrogen production.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21902017)the Foundation of technological innovation and application development of Chongqing (cstc2021jscxmsxm X0308, CSTB2022BSXM-JCX0132)+1 种基金the Youth project of science and technology research program of Chongqing Education Commission of China (KJQN20211107)the Scientific Research Foundation of Chongqing University of Technology (2020ZDZ022, 2021PYZ13)。
文摘Cu-based materials are ideal catalysts for CO_(2) electrocatalytic reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) into multicarbon products.However,such reactions require stringent conditions on local environments of catalyst surfaces,which currently are the global pressing challenges.Here,a stabilized activation of Cu^(0)/Cu^(+)-onAg interface by N_(2) cold plasma treatment was developed for improving Faradaic efficiency(FE) of CO_(2)RR into C2 products.The resultant Ag@Cu-CuN_x exhibits a C2 FE of 72% with a partial current density of-14.9 mA cm^(-2) at-1.0 V vs.RHE(reversible hydrogen electrode).Combining density functional theory(DFT) and experimental investigations,we unveiled that Cu^(0)/Cu^(+) species can be co ntrollably tu ned by the incorporation of nitrogen to form CuN_x on Ag surface,i.e.,Ag@Cu-CuN_x.This strategy enhances ^(*)CO intermediates generation and accelerates C-C coupling both thermodynamically and kinetically.The intermediates O^(*)C^(*)CO,^(*)COOH,and ^(*)CO were detected by in-situ attenuated total internal reflection surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy(ATR-SEIRAS).The uncovered CO_(2)RR-into-C2 products were carried out along CO_(2)→^(*)COOH→^(*)CO→O^(*)C^(*)CO→^(*)C_(2)H_(3)O→^(*)C_(2)H_(4)O→ C_(2)H_(5)OH(or ^(*)C_(2)H_(3)O→^(*)O+C_(2)H_(4)) paths over Ag@Cu-CuN_x electrocatalyst.This work provides a new approach to design Cu-based electrocatalysts with high-efficiency,mild condition,and stable CO_(2)RR to C2 products.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51874108,52164036,52264046)the Guizhou High Level and Innovative Talents Projects([2022]009-1)+1 种基金the Guizhou Science and Technology Planning Project([2020]5021)the Natural Science Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education([2022]041)。
文摘Silicon(Si)anode has been considered a promising candidate due to its remarkable theoretical capacity but it was plagued by severe pulverization because of the inherent huge volume variation.Enhancing electrode stability is an effective approach to improve electrochemical performance.Herein,a stable Si anode was established by an innovative construction of the bonding between conductive agents and active materials/binders.As a result,the strong interaction of electrode components not only effectively alleviates the volume expansion of Si but also achieves a stable interface by generating the beneficial solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)composition.Attributed to the deliberate scheme of the electrode,the Si anode exhibits sterling electrochemical performance.Besides,the device of the electrode is not only effective for other binders but also for other anode materials with high volume variation,thus shedding light on the rational design of electrodes for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries.
基金DSTSERB,India(SB/FT/CS-032/2012),for the financial support
文摘Protein denaturation is under intensive research, since it leads to neurological disorders of severe consequences. Avoiding denaturation and stabilizing the proteins in their native state is of great importance,especially when proteins are used as drug molecules or vaccines. It is preferred to add pharmaceutical excipients in protein formulations to avoid denaturation and thereby stabilize them. The present study aimed at using bile salts(BSs), a group of well-known drug delivery systems, for stabilization of proteins.Bovine serum albumin(BSA) was taken as the model protein, whose association with two BSs, namely sodium cholate(Na C) and sodium deoxycholate(Na DC), was studied. Denaturation studies on the preformed BSA-BS systems were carried out under chemical and physical denaturation conditions. Urea was used as the chemical denaturant and BSA-BS systems were subjected to various temperature conditions to understand the thermal(physical) denaturation. With the denaturation conditions prescribed here,the data obtained is informative on the association of BSA-BS systems to be hydrophobic and this effect of hydrophobicity plays an important role in stabilizing the serum albumin in its native state under both chemical and thermal denaturation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21922505)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB36000000).
文摘The hole transport layer(HTL)affects the device performance and stability of organic solar cells.In this work,a stable molybdenum oxide(MoO_(x))hole transport layer with low cost was prepared by adjusting the state of the precursor solution with an alcoholic solution of molybdenum acetylacetonate through an oxidant.The MoO_(x) transport layer has good transmittance with a work function of 5.07 eV and higher surface energy.The PM6:Y6 devices using MoO_(x) HTL achieve a high efficiency of 16.8%.MoO_(x) HTL exhibits good applicability with excellent performance in both ternary and all-polymer systems.Air storage stability T80 of the all-polymer device using MoO_(x) HTL was over 600 h,much higher than 70 h of the PEDOT:PSS-based device,and its thermal stability at 85℃ and operational stability under light show better stability than that of the PEDOT:PSS hole transport layer.This work provides a facile and low-cost method to fabricate HTL for organic solar cells,which is beneficial to improve their efficiency and stability.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant no.2016YFB0901600)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.51922103 and 51672301)the Key Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant no.QYZDJSSW-JSC013)。
文摘Pyrrolic and pyridinic N dopants can dramatically increase the electrochemical activities of carbon and conducting polymers.Although N-doped conducting polymers suffer from rapid degradation,their carbon counterpart of extraordinary capacitance has remarkable rate performance and cycling endurance thanks to carbon’s excellent electrical conductivity.But high nitrogen content and high electrical conductivity are difficult to achieve in a high-surface-area carbon,because the high chemical vapor deposition(CVD)temperature required for obtaining high conductivity also destabilizes under-coordinated pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen and tends to lower the surface area.Here we resolve this dilemma by using SiO2 as an effective N-fixation additive,which stabilizes the N-rich nano few-layer sp2-carbon construct in1000℃CVD.This enables a scalable sol-gel/CVD fabrication process for few-layer carbon electrodes of extraordinary capacitance(690 F g^-1).The electrodes have excellent rate performance and can maintain90%of their initial capacitance after 30,000 cycles,thus potentially suitable for practical applications.
文摘Monomeric anthocyanins exhibit color variations at different pH, but they are highly unstable at physiological pH. To improve the stability, the effects of polyvinylalcohol on the anthocyanins of young red wine prepared from Cambell Early grapes were examined in aqueous solution and in the solid phase on a cotton swab? and inert materials. Cyanidin-3-glucoside and mal-vidin-3-glucoside represented approximately 43.6% of total anthocyanins in the red wine. The anthocyanins decreased to 11.3% of the initial amount in aqueous solution at physiological pH after storage for 60 days at room temperature. On the other hand, from 66.9% to 87.2% remained in the solid phase on a cotton swab? and polypropylene membrane in the presence of polyvinylalcohol. The stability of the anthocyanins increased with the concentration of polyvinyl-alcohol in the solid phase but not in the aqueous solution. The anthocyanins were found to be condensed and immobilized in the complexes of anthocyanins and polyvinylalcohol on the poly-propylene membrane by phase-contrast microscopy analysis. The anthocyanins in the cotton swab? displayed color variations when dipped into different pH buffer solutions. These results suggest that anthocyanins from red wine stabilized in the solid phase by polyvinylalcohol can be used as a visual indicator of pH.
基金support of the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.40120631)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52202291)for the support+2 种基金C.C.acknowledges the financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022CFB388)the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province of China(No.623MS068)the Innovation Studio Project of the Jing men Center for Technology Transfer at Wuhan University of Technology(No.WHUTJMZX-2024CX-06).
文摘Strengthening the operational durability of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts is essential for advancing both fuel cells and metal-air batteries.However,developing highly active and durable catalysts remains a significant challenge.In this study,a catalyst(Co/Cu-N-C)featuring uniformly distributed Co nanoparticles(NPs)and Co/Cu sites has been synthesized via a facile complex-assisted pyrolysis strategy.We observed that Cu-N-C support effectively confines the growth and leaching of Co NPs during both synthesis and ORR catalysis,thereby boosting the stability of the catalyst.Meanwhile,the presence of Co NPs and Cu sites slightly contributes to the ORR activity by optimizing the ^(*)OH desorption.The assembled zinc-air battery(ZAB)demonstrates a superhigh power density of 256.1 mW·cm^(−2)and a long-term operational stability exceeding 500 h.This work not only underscores the potential of bimetallic systems and NPs in enhancing catalyst stability but also provides valuable insights for the synthesis of high-performance ORR electrocatalysts.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(12201118)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2023A1515010706)。
文摘We investigate a class of non-integrable two-particle Calogero-Moser systems modulated by a power-law external potential.The local well-posedness of the Cauchy problem is established under the strict initial separation condition for the particles.For suitably prepared initial configurations,local solutions can be extended globally via energy conservation;conversely,negative energy conditions induce(in)finite-time blowup.The linear(in)stability of stationary solutions is analyzed,with their energy serving as a threshold.Numerical investigations employ a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme with adaptive step-size control.Simulations demonstrate that the trajectories either converge to steady states or exhibit blowup,depending on the power exponentαand initial conditions.Increasingαaccelerates the convergence rate and dampens oscillatory dynamics,promoting a transition from periodic behavior to static equilibrium.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12261018)Universities Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and Data Mining in Guizhou Province(2023013)。
文摘In this paper,we establish and study a single-species logistic model with impulsive age-selective harvesting.First,we prove the ultimate boundedness of the solutions of the system.Then,we obtain conditions for the asymptotic stability of the trivial solution and the positive periodic solution.Finally,numerical simulations are presented to validate our results.Our results show that age-selective harvesting is more conducive to sustainable population survival than non-age-selective harvesting.
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2904405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22078055,51774079)。
文摘To synergistically recover alumina and alkali from red mud(RM),the structural stability and conversion mechanism of hydroandradite(HA)from hydrogarnet(HG)were investigated via the First-principles,XRF,XRD,PSD and SEM methods,and a novel hydrothermal process based on the conversion principle was finally proposed.The crystal structure simulation shows that the HA with varied silicon saturation coefficients is more stable than HG,and the HA with a high iron substitution coefficient is more difficult to be converted from HG.The(110)plane of Fe_(2)O_(3) is easier to combine with HG to form HA,and the binding energy is 81.93 kJ/mol.The effects of raw material ratio,solution concentration and hydrothermal parameters on the conversion from HG to HA were revealed,and the optimal conditions for the alumina recovery were obtained.The recovery efficiencies of alumina and Na_(2)O from the RM are 63.06%and 97.34%,respectively,and the Na_(2)O content in the treated RM is only 0.13%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[82003956]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[No.2022YFA1205802]+2 种基金financially supported by Henan Province Health Science and Technology Innovation Youth Talent Project(YQRC2023013 and YQRC2024013)the Key Project of Medical Science and Technology of Henan Province(SBGJ202302072)the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(252102311236).
文摘Single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metalcarrier interactions,which have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field.However,stability issues may impede the clinical translation of SAzymes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of SAzymes in various biomedical fields,including disease diagnosis(e.g.,biosensors and diagnostic imaging),antitumor therapy(e.g.,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,sonodynamic therapy,and immunotherapy),antimicrobial therapy,and anti-oxidative stress therapy.More importantly,the existing challenges of SAzymes are discussed,such as metal atom clustering and active site loss,ligand bond breakage at high temperature,insufficient environment tolerance,biosecurity risks,and limited catalytic long-term stability.Finally,several innovative strategies to address these stability concerns are proposed—synthesis process optimization(space-limited strategy,coordination site design,bimetallic synergistic strategy,defect engineering strategy,atom stripping-capture),surface modification,and dynamic responsive design—that collectively pave the way for robust,clinically viable SAzymes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52377206,52307237)Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(YQ2024E046)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(LBH-TZ2413,LBH-Z23198)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(AZMBs)are promising candidates for renewable energy storage,yet their practical deployment in subzero environments remains challenging due to electrolyte freezing and dendritic growth.Although organic additives can enhance the antifreeze properties of electrolytes,their weak polarity diminishes ionic conductivity,and their flammability poses safety concerns,undermining the inherent advantages of aqueous systems.Herein,we present a cost-effective and highly stable Na_(2)SO_(4)additive introduced into a Zn(ClO_(4))2-based electrolyte to create an organic-free antifreeze electrolyte.Through Raman spectroscopy,in situ optical microscopy,densityfunctional theory computations,and molecular dynamics simulations,we demonstrate that Na+ions improve low-temperature electrolyte performance and mitigate dendrite formation by regulating uniform Zn^(2+)deposition through preferential adsorption and electrostatic interactions.As a result,the Zn||Zn cells using this electrolyte achieve a remarkable cycling life of 360 h at-40℃ with 61% depth of discharge,and the Zn||PANI cells retained an ultrahigh capacity retention of 91%even after 8000 charge/discharge cycles at-40℃.This work proposes a cost-effective and practical approach for enhancing the long-term operational stability of AZMBs in low-temperature environments.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22178047 and 21878042)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.DUT22LAB610)Liaoning province science and technology plan projects(No.2022JH2/101300233).
文摘Large-area and free-standing photonic crystal(PC)polymer films exhibit highly saturated iridescence and robust structural colors,making them promising for applications in the field of display,anti-counterfeiting,and camouflage.However,their practical utilization has been hindered by challenges in achieving both vivid coloration and reusability.Here,we design a sandwich-structured PC film that simultaneously addresses issues of color appearance and reusability by combining colloid evaporative self-assembly on porous substrate and knife coating of polymers.The unique“sandwich”structure,comprising a self-assembled PC intermediate layer and protective polymer encapsulation,demonstrates a great synergistic effect(“1+1>2”),including unprecedented color fastness stability(affordable for 100 times dye/wet fastness),bright iridescent color,and certain flexibility and reusability.In addition,by replacing the bottom polymer with a double-sided adhesive,a flexible PC sticker can be further obtained,broadening its range of applications to surfaces of different materials.This strategy opens a new avenue for constructing functionalized iridescent PC-polymer films.
文摘The Double Take column looks at a single topic from an African and Chinese perspective.This month,we discuss what makes a job meaningful.Look Beyond the Surface.What makes a job meaningful?The answer is far from universal.For some,it’s the stability of a pay cheque and a clear path for career growth.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52025055,52375576,52350349)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(Program No.2022GXLH-01-12)+2 种基金Joint Fund of Ministry of Education for Equipment Pre-research(No.8091B03012304)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.2022004607001)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.xtr072024031).
文摘Continuous monitoring of biosignals is essential for advancing early disease detection,personalized treatment,and health management.Flexible electronics,capable of accurately monitoring biosignals in daily life,have garnered considerable attention due to their softness,conformability,and biocompatibility.However,several challenges remain,including imperfect skin-device interfaces,limited breathability,and insufficient mechanoelectrical stability.On-skin epidermal electronics,distinguished by their excellent conformability,breathability,and mechanoelectrical robustness,offer a promising solution for high-fidelity,long-term health monitoring.These devices can seamlessly integrate with the human body,leading to transformative advancements in future personalized healthcare.This review provides a systematic examination of recent advancements in on-skin epidermal electronics,with particular emphasis on critical aspects including material science,structural design,desired properties,and practical applications.We explore various materials,considering their properties and the corresponding structural designs developed to construct high-performance epidermal electronics.We then discuss different approaches for achieving the desired device properties necessary for long-term health monitoring,including adhesiveness,breathability,and mechanoelectrical stability.Additionally,we summarize the diverse applications of these devices in monitoring biophysical and physiological signals.Finally,we address the challenges facing these devices and outline future prospects,offering insights into the ongoing development of on-skin epidermal electronics for long-term health monitoring.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFC3707200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22306191 and 52270112).
文摘Selective catalytic reduction with NH3(NH3-SCR)is an important means of NO_(x) abatement from stationary and mobile sources,and the key element is efficient and stable NH3-SCR catalysts.In this study,we propose a method to construct superior Fe-Beta catalysts based on Al-rich zeolites.This strategy successfully promotes the formation of NH3-SCR-active isolated Fe^(3+)species,thus effectively improving the low-temperature activity of the Fe-Beta catalysts.Thanks to the abundant Brønsted acid sites of the Al-rich zeolite,the Fe_(2)O_(3) particles are redispersed and anchored as isolated Fe^(3+)during hydrothermal aging.This dynamic evolution of Fe species makes up for the adverse effect of dealumination of the Al-rich zeolite framework and achieves high stability for the Al-rich Fe-Beta catalyst.This study may promote the understanding of highly efficient and stable catalyst design using Al-rich zeolites.
文摘AIM:To investigate age-related differences in the irislens angle(ILA)among patients with age-related cortical cataracts and elucidate the impact of age on lens stability.METHODS:A prospective observational study was conducted on patients with age-related cortical cataracts scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery.Preoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)images were collected and analyzed.Initially,patients were stratified into two age groups:<60y and≥60y,with no significant intergroup differences in sex or eye laterality.For further analysis,participants were subdivided into three age strata:<60y,60-75y,and>75y.The ILA was measured in four quadrants(superior,inferior,nasal,and temporal).Intergroup differences in ILA were compared,and correlations between age and ILA parameters were analyzed using statistical methods.RESULTS:The sample data were categorized into three groups according to age,<60y(113 patients;55.8%female),60–75y(245 patients;61.0%female),and>75y(70 patients;50.2%female).The superior quadrant ILA increased progressively with age stratification(P=0.02),and the maximum ILA difference(ΔILA)was significantly higher in patients over 75y(P<0.01).Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between age and ILA in the superior(Y=7.487+0.096X,R=0.191,P<0.001)and temporal(Y=10.254+0.052X,R=0.104,P=0.032)quadrants.Additionally,the mean ILA across all quadrants(ILAmean)andΔILA were positively correlated with age(ILAmean:Y=9.721+0.055X,R=0.138,P=0.004;ΔILA:Y=3.267+0.044X,R=0.006,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In patients with age-related cortical cataracts,ILA increases with age,particularly in the superior and temporal quadrants,suggesting that advanced age is associated with greater lens deviation and decreased lens stability.UBM imaging can effectively evaluate the status of the zonule and lens stability,providing crucial evidence for personalized surgical planning based on patients’age.
基金financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province(No.2024ZXJ03C06)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52476192,No.52106237)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.YQ2022E027)Technology Project of China Datang Technology Innovation Co.,Ltd(No.DTKC-2024-20610).
文摘Pulsed dynamic electrolysis(PDE),driven by renewable energy,has emerged as an innovative electrocatalytic conversion method,demonstrating significant potential in addressing global energy challenges and promoting sustainable development.Despite significant progress in various electrochemical systems,the regulatory mechanisms of PDE in energy and mass transfer and the lifespan extension of electrolysis systems,particularly in water electrolysis(WE)for hydrogen production,remain insufficiently explored.Therefore,there is an urgent need for a deeper understanding of the unique contributions of PDE in mass transfer enhancement,microenvironment regulation,and hydrogen production optimization,aiming to achieve low-energy consumption,high catalytic activity,and long-term stability in the generation of target products.Here,this review critically examines the microenvironmental effects of PDE on energy and mass transfer,the electrode degradation mechanisms in the lifespan extension of electrolysis systems,and the key factors in enhancing WE for hydrogen production,providing a comprehensive summary of current research progress.The review focuses on the complex regulatory mechanisms of frequency,duty cycle,amplitude,and other factors in hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)performance within PDE strategies,revealing the interrelationships among them.Finally,the potential future directions and challenges for transitioning from laboratory studies to industrial applications are proposed.
