For eliminating the negative effects of lock-in region and optical elements in cavity,the non-planar structure is strongly needed in laser gyro. In this paper,the theoretical formula of rotatory effect in non-planar c...For eliminating the negative effects of lock-in region and optical elements in cavity,the non-planar structure is strongly needed in laser gyro. In this paper,the theoretical formula of rotatory effect in non-planar cavity is presented deducing from basic light propagating law. Based on the 8-like plane cavity,a novel non-planar structure is designed and numerically calculated. The results show that for obtaining the required rotatory angle,it just needs to adjust the structural parameters of the original 8-like plane cavity. The four-frequency-differential laser gyro which adopts the non-planar 8-like structure has the same advantages as those with the planar 8-like structure,such as the gain region locates at one leg,the position of Faraday rotator has better spatial symmetry and the coating films of the output mirror is easily designed.展开更多
Atherosclerosis is the major complication of diabetes and has become a major issue in the provision of medical care.In particular the economic burden is growing at an alarming rate in parallel with the increasing worl...Atherosclerosis is the major complication of diabetes and has become a major issue in the provision of medical care.In particular the economic burden is growing at an alarming rate in parallel with the increasing worldwide prevalence of diabetes.The major disturbance of lipid metabolism in diabetes relates to the effect of insulin on fat metabolism.Raised triglycerides being the hallmark of uncontrolled diabetes,i.e.,in the presence of hyperglycaemia.The explosion of type 2 diabetes has generated increasing interest on the aetiology ofatherosclerosis in diabetic patients.The importance of the atherogenic properties of triglyceride rich lipoproteins has only recently been recognised by the majority of diabetologists and cardiologists even though experimental evidence has been strong for many years.In the post-prandial phase 50% of triglyceride rich lipoproteins come from chylomicrons produced in the intestine.Recent evidence has secured the chylomicron as a major player in the atherogenic process.In diabetes chylomicron production is increased through disturbance in cholesterol absorption,in particular Neimann Pick C1-like1 activity is increased as is intestinal synthesis of cholesterol through 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl co enzyme A reductase.ATP binding cassette proteins G5 and G8 which regulate cholesterol in the intestine is reduced leading to chylomicronaemia.The chylomicron particle itself is atherogenic but the increase in the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins lead to an atherogenic low density lipoprotein and low high density lipoprotein.The various steps in the absorption process and the disturbance in chylomicron synthesis are discussed.展开更多
Autophagy plays an important role in tissue remodeling during insect development.The interplay between autophagy-related(ATG)proteins and caspases regulates the autophagic activity of ATGs,thereby modulating the proce...Autophagy plays an important role in tissue remodeling during insect development.The interplay between autophagy-related(ATG)proteins and caspases regulates the autophagic activity of ATGs,thereby modulating the process of autophagy.Our previous study characterized BmCaspase-8-like(BmCasp8L)as a caspase suppressor that inhibits apoptosis and immune signaling by suppressing the activation of death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like caspase(DREDD),a caspase-8 homolog in silkworm.In this study,we explored the regulatory role of BmCasp8L in autophagy.We found that the expression of Bmcasp8l increased from the late spinning stage to the pupa stage in the posterior silk gland(PSG),correlating with the expression patterns of Bmatg8 and Bmatg6.RNA interference-mediated downregulation of BmCasp8L expression significantly decreased starvation-induced autophagic influx as determined by the levels of BmATG8–phosphatidylethanolamine and the percentage of cells displaying punctate enhanced green fluorescent protein-BmATG8.Conversely,the overexpression of BmCasp8L significantly increased autophagic influx.We also found that BmCasp8L underwent autophagic degradation induced by starvation and that it was colocalized with BmATG8.Lastly,we demonstrated that BmDREDD attenuated autophagy and BmCasp8L suppressed BmDREDD-mediated cleavage of BmATG6.Taken together,our results demonstrated that BmCasp8L is a novel proautophagic molecule which suppresses BmDREDD-mediated cleavage of BmATG6 and is a target for autophagy.展开更多
文摘For eliminating the negative effects of lock-in region and optical elements in cavity,the non-planar structure is strongly needed in laser gyro. In this paper,the theoretical formula of rotatory effect in non-planar cavity is presented deducing from basic light propagating law. Based on the 8-like plane cavity,a novel non-planar structure is designed and numerically calculated. The results show that for obtaining the required rotatory angle,it just needs to adjust the structural parameters of the original 8-like plane cavity. The four-frequency-differential laser gyro which adopts the non-planar 8-like structure has the same advantages as those with the planar 8-like structure,such as the gain region locates at one leg,the position of Faraday rotator has better spatial symmetry and the coating films of the output mirror is easily designed.
文摘Atherosclerosis is the major complication of diabetes and has become a major issue in the provision of medical care.In particular the economic burden is growing at an alarming rate in parallel with the increasing worldwide prevalence of diabetes.The major disturbance of lipid metabolism in diabetes relates to the effect of insulin on fat metabolism.Raised triglycerides being the hallmark of uncontrolled diabetes,i.e.,in the presence of hyperglycaemia.The explosion of type 2 diabetes has generated increasing interest on the aetiology ofatherosclerosis in diabetic patients.The importance of the atherogenic properties of triglyceride rich lipoproteins has only recently been recognised by the majority of diabetologists and cardiologists even though experimental evidence has been strong for many years.In the post-prandial phase 50% of triglyceride rich lipoproteins come from chylomicrons produced in the intestine.Recent evidence has secured the chylomicron as a major player in the atherogenic process.In diabetes chylomicron production is increased through disturbance in cholesterol absorption,in particular Neimann Pick C1-like1 activity is increased as is intestinal synthesis of cholesterol through 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl co enzyme A reductase.ATP binding cassette proteins G5 and G8 which regulate cholesterol in the intestine is reduced leading to chylomicronaemia.The chylomicron particle itself is atherogenic but the increase in the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins lead to an atherogenic low density lipoprotein and low high density lipoprotein.The various steps in the absorption process and the disturbance in chylomicron synthesis are discussed.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31672495)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0193).
文摘Autophagy plays an important role in tissue remodeling during insect development.The interplay between autophagy-related(ATG)proteins and caspases regulates the autophagic activity of ATGs,thereby modulating the process of autophagy.Our previous study characterized BmCaspase-8-like(BmCasp8L)as a caspase suppressor that inhibits apoptosis and immune signaling by suppressing the activation of death-related ced-3/Nedd2-like caspase(DREDD),a caspase-8 homolog in silkworm.In this study,we explored the regulatory role of BmCasp8L in autophagy.We found that the expression of Bmcasp8l increased from the late spinning stage to the pupa stage in the posterior silk gland(PSG),correlating with the expression patterns of Bmatg8 and Bmatg6.RNA interference-mediated downregulation of BmCasp8L expression significantly decreased starvation-induced autophagic influx as determined by the levels of BmATG8–phosphatidylethanolamine and the percentage of cells displaying punctate enhanced green fluorescent protein-BmATG8.Conversely,the overexpression of BmCasp8L significantly increased autophagic influx.We also found that BmCasp8L underwent autophagic degradation induced by starvation and that it was colocalized with BmATG8.Lastly,we demonstrated that BmDREDD attenuated autophagy and BmCasp8L suppressed BmDREDD-mediated cleavage of BmATG6.Taken together,our results demonstrated that BmCasp8L is a novel proautophagic molecule which suppresses BmDREDD-mediated cleavage of BmATG6 and is a target for autophagy.
