Extreme cold weather seriously harms human thermoregulatory system,necessitating high-performance insulating garments to maintain body temperature.However,as the core insulating layer,advanced fibrous materials always...Extreme cold weather seriously harms human thermoregulatory system,necessitating high-performance insulating garments to maintain body temperature.However,as the core insulating layer,advanced fibrous materials always struggle to balance mechanical properties and thermal insulation,resulting in their inability to meet the demands for both washing resistance and personal protection.Herein,inspired by the natural spring-like structures of cucumber tendrils,a superelastic and washable micro/nanofibrous sponge(MNFS)based on biomimetic helical fibers is directly prepared utilizing multiple-jet electrospinning technology for high-performance thermal insulation.By regulating the conductivity of polyvinylidene fluoride solution,multiple-jet ejection and multiple-stage whipping of jets are achieved,and further control of phase separation rates enables the rapid solidification of jets to form spring-like helical fibers,which are directly entangled to assemble MNFS.The resulting MNFS exhibits superelasticity that can withstand large tensile strain(200%),1000 cyclic tensile or compression deformations,and retain good resilience even in liquid nitrogen(-196℃).Furthermore,the MNFS shows efficient thermal insulation with low thermal conductivity(24.85 mW m^(-1)K^(-1)),close to the value of dry air,and remains structural stability even after cyclic washing.This work offers new possibilities for advanced fibrous sponges in transportation,environmental,and energy applications.展开更多
With the increasing energy demand together with the deteriorating environment and decreasing fossil fuel resources,the development of highly efficient energy conversion and storage devices is one of the key challenges...With the increasing energy demand together with the deteriorating environment and decreasing fossil fuel resources,the development of highly efficient energy conversion and storage devices is one of the key challenges of both fundamental and applied research in energy technology.Melamine sponges(MS)with low density,high nitrogen content,and high porosity have been used to design and obtain three‐dimensional porous carbon electrode materials.More importantly,they are inexpensive,environment‐friendly,and easy to synthesize.There have been many reports on the modification of carbonized MS and MS‐based composites for supercapacitor and lithium battery electrode materials.In this paper,recent studies on the fabrication of electrode materials using MS as raw materials have been mainly reviewed,including carbonation,doping activation,and composite modification of MS,and expectations for the development of porous carbon materials for energy storage as a reference with excellent performance,environment‐friendliness,and long life.展开更多
Although piezoresistive sensors have wide applications in human motion detection and wearable elec-tronics,it is still a challenge to produce multifunctional and integrated sensors with wide working ranges and linear ...Although piezoresistive sensors have wide applications in human motion detection and wearable elec-tronics,it is still a challenge to produce multifunctional and integrated sensors with wide working ranges and linear sensing responses.Herein,electrically conductive,highly compressible,and structurally anisotropic MXene-wood(MW)sponges are fabricated by converting balsa wood blocks to compressible wood sponges with extremely low density and highly anisotropic porous structure,followed by deco-rating with conductive MXene sheets.The MW sponge is utilized to assemble a piezoresistive sensor with a large working range of 0-25 kPa,wide linear sensing ranges of 5%-50%and 0-180°,and excellent long-term reliability under a bending angle of 30°for 5000 cycles.Additionally,the sensor is suitable for monitoring practical human physiological signals including pulse beating,and finger and wrist bending.An all-MW sponge-based multifunctional and integrated sensing system is constructed by integrating the MW sponge piezoresistive sensor,the MW sponge-based solid-state supercapacitor,and the MW sponge electrophysiological electrodes.The sensing system can concurrently detect surface electromyogram and tactile pressures,and hence realize real-time closed-loop controls.The multifunctional and integrated MW sponge sensing system would have great potentials in real-time pressure recognition and human-machine interfaces.展开更多
Graphene has been widely used to improve the electrochemical performance in rate and cycling stability for SnO_(2).However,the mechanism of the synergistic effect and the interfacial interaction between SnO_(2)and gra...Graphene has been widely used to improve the electrochemical performance in rate and cycling stability for SnO_(2).However,the mechanism of the synergistic effect and the interfacial interaction between SnO_(2)and graphene are still not fully understood.Herein,we put forward a novel,cost effective strategy to construct hierarchical SnO_(2)nanoclusters anchored on the graphene sponges for lithium storage by in situ self assembly.The result shows that the synergistic effect and interfacial interaction origin form the existence of strong oxygen bridges between SnO_(2)and graphene via the C-O-Sn linkage.It is demonstrated for the first time that the interfacial interaction by C-O-Sn bonding plays a crucial role in the rate and cycling stability both experimentally and theoretically.Thus,the SnO_(2)@graphene sponges exhibit remarkable rate capability(a reversible capability of 1141,997,912,831,693,536,and 302 mA h g^(-1)at 0.2 C,0.5 C,1 C,2 C,5 C,10 C and 20 C,respectively)and cycling performance(after 625 cycles at 6 A g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 537 m A h g^(-1)).展开更多
A novel type of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)modified melamine sponges(rGS)filling with paraffin(rGS-pf)is developed for efficient solar-thermal conversion and heat management.The microstructures,filling and holding cap...A novel type of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)modified melamine sponges(rGS)filling with paraffin(rGS-pf)is developed for efficient solar-thermal conversion and heat management.The microstructures,filling and holding capacity of paraffin in porous rGS,solar-thermal energy conversion and energy harvesting efficiency of the prepared rGS-pf have been investigated systematically.The content of rGO nanosheets coated on the skeletons of rGS-pf is only 0.11%,while the loading content of paraffin in the rGS-pf is as high as 97.53%.Based on the solar-thermal conversion property of rGO nanosheets in the rGS-pf and the heat storage ability of paraffin in the rGS-pf,the proposed rGS-pf provides excellent performance for heat management.The efficiency of solar-thermal conversion could reach up to 92.5%.The thermo-regulation provided by the proposed rGS-pf is real-time,repeatable and long-term stable.The results in this study provide valuable guidance for developing functional materials for efficient solarthermal conversion and heat management.展开更多
Objective: To screen the cytotoxic effects of some marine sponges extracts on HeLa and PC12 cells.Methods: Five marine sponges including Ircinia echinata(I. echinata), Dysidea avara,Axinella sinoxea, Haliclona tubifer...Objective: To screen the cytotoxic effects of some marine sponges extracts on HeLa and PC12 cells.Methods: Five marine sponges including Ircinia echinata(I. echinata), Dysidea avara,Axinella sinoxea, Haliclona tubifera and Haliclona violacea were collected from the Persian Gulf(Hengam Island). The cytotoxic effect of these sponges was evaluated by using MTT assay. The metabolic high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint of I. echinata was also carried out at two wavelengths(254 and 280 nm).Results: Among the sponges tested in this study, the extracts of I. echinata and Dysidea avara possessed the cytotoxic effect on HeLa and PC12 cells. The obtained fractions from high performance liquid chromatography were evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against the cell lines. The isolated fractions did not show significant cytotoxic properties.Conclusions: I. echinata could be considered as a potential extract for chemotherapy.Further investigation is needed to determine the accuracy of mechanism.展开更多
The motive of this work was to provide an inexpensive potential wound dressing using chitosan lactate (LCH) which was synthesized by the grafting lactic acid onto the amino groups in chitosan (CH) without a catalyst. ...The motive of this work was to provide an inexpensive potential wound dressing using chitosan lactate (LCH) which was synthesized by the grafting lactic acid onto the amino groups in chitosan (CH) without a catalyst. The XRD and 13CNMR results demonstrated that the grafting by lactic acid took place at C2 site in CH, leading to the destruction of the regularity of the packing in the original CH chains and formation of the amorphous CH salts. The unique device was developed in our experiments which could yield an approximately vertical thermal gradient, forming the uniformly vertical pores in LCH sponges. TEM images revealed that both TBA and LCH concentration affected the micro-structure of the sponges, although they worked via different mechanisms. In the water suction experiments, the capillary coefficient Ks was introduced to evaluate the structure-function relationship. The positive or negative influence of LCH, TBA and porosity on Ks clearly stood out when their relationships were plotted graphically. The in vitro biocompatibility of LCH sponges was evaluated. The results obtained indicated that LCH sponges exhibited bio-safety at lower concentration (25%) during short time (1 day). However, highly concentrated extraction showed a serious toxic effect on both HSF and HaCaT cells. The release kinetics for hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs with different formulation sponges was determined in in vitro release experiments. The contribution of the drug diffusion, matrix erosion and microstructure of porous materials must be taken into account on the release mechanism. The method and the structure described in present paper provided a starting point for the design and fabrication of a family of chitosan derivatives based porous materials with potentially broad展开更多
Sponges are known for their symbiotic associations with bacteria and to a lesser extent with fungi.It has been argued that the association between fungi and sponges is not truly symbiotic,and fungal presence is incide...Sponges are known for their symbiotic associations with bacteria and to a lesser extent with fungi.It has been argued that the association between fungi and sponges is not truly symbiotic,and fungal presence is incidental.Nevertheless,a vertically transmitted endosymbiotic yeast has been observed by transmission electron microscopy in sponges of the genus Chondrilla.Our work was focused on documenting the presence of yeasts associated with marine sponges from Puerto Rico.Sponge samples were taken from healthy mature colonies of Ircinia strobilina,Tedania ignis,and Chondrilla caribensis.A total of 36 yeast morphotypes were isolated and analysed by sequencing the nuclear ribosomal ITS region.Saccharomyces cerevisiae,was isolated from all the samples,comprising the first report of this yeast as a common inhabitant in marine sponges.Other yeasts isolated include the halophilic black yeast,Hortaea werneckii,and an unidentified species belongs to the Sporidiobolales(Basidiomycota).The high isolation frequency of S.cerevisiae from our sponge samples supports the possibility that Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an active member of the sponges’microbial community.展开更多
Kitchen sponges continue to be heavily used in Brazilian food services, even though they may be very contaminated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological contamination and the efficacy of two ...Kitchen sponges continue to be heavily used in Brazilian food services, even though they may be very contaminated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological contamination and the efficacy of two procedures for the disinfection of kitchen sponges used in Brazilian food services. Eighty sponges were collected from food services and then analyzed for the quantification heterotrophic microorganisms (HM), fecal coliforms (CF), Staphylococcus coagulase-positive (SA) microorganisms and to the investigation of the presence of Salmonella sp. (SAM). After that, the sponges were disinfected, separately, by either boiling water for five minutes or immersed in 200ppm sodium hypochlorite, for 10 minutes, added to a rinse with potable water. The results showed that sponges presented HM counts between 3.4 and 10.4 log CFU/sponge, with an average of 9.1 log CFU/sponge, and 76.25% of them presented CF with average counts of 8.4 log CFU/sponge. SA and SAM were found in 2.5% of samples. Both disinfection procedures were able to significantly reduce the bacterial counts, but the boiling method showed a greater reduction (99.9999%) than the method of disinfection by 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite (99.9%). Based on the results it was possible to conclude that kitchen sponges can be very contaminated, but simple disinfection procedure can be applied to significantly reduce the microbial contamination.展开更多
Two identical bench-scale biotrickling filters （BTFs）, BTF 1 and BTF 2, were evaluated for toluene removal at various gas empty bed contact times （EBCTs） and organic loadings. BTF 1 and BTF 2 were packed with stru...Two identical bench-scale biotrickling filters （BTFs）, BTF 1 and BTF 2, were evaluated for toluene removal at various gas empty bed contact times （EBCTs） and organic loadings. BTF 1 and BTF 2 were packed with structured and cubic synthetic polyurethane sponges, respectively. At a constant toluene loading of 16 g/（m3.hr）, toluene removal efficiencies decreased from 98.8% to 64.3% for BTF 1 and from 98.4% to 74.1% for BTF 2 as gas EBCT decreased from 30 to 5 sec. When the toluene loading increased from 35 to 140 g/（m3.hr） at a gas EBCT of 30 sec, the removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1% to 77.4% for BTF 1 and from 99.0% to 81.5% for BTF 2. The pressure drop for both BTFs increased with increased air flow rate, and did not significantly vary while the toluene loading was increased under similar operation conditions. BTF 1 and BTF 2 could start up successfully within 19 and 27 days, respectively, when packed with fresh sponge media, and the performances could be restored in 3-7 days after biomass was removed and wasted from the media. BTF 2 displayed higher removal efficiency even under shorter EBCT or higher loading rate than BTF1 when other operation conditions were similar, while it showed lower pressure drop than BTF 1 during the whole period of operation. These results demonstrated that both BTFs could treat waste gas containing toluene effectively.展开更多
Sponges are the most primitive of multicellular animals, and are major pharmaceutical sources of marine secondary metabolites. A wide variety of new compounds have been isolated from sponges. In order to produce suffi...Sponges are the most primitive of multicellular animals, and are major pharmaceutical sources of marine secondary metabolites. A wide variety of new compounds have been isolated from sponges. In order to produce sufficient amounts of the compounds of the needed, it is necessary to obtain large amount of sponges. The production of sponge biomass has become a focus of marine biotechnology.展开更多
The effective and affordable separation of oil and water,a crucial process in the safe han dling of environmental disasters such as crude oil spills and recovery of valuable resources is a highly sought-after yet chal...The effective and affordable separation of oil and water,a crucial process in the safe han dling of environmental disasters such as crude oil spills and recovery of valuable resources is a highly sought-after yet challenging task.Herein,superhydrophobic PU sponge was fab ricated for the fast and cost-effective adsorptive separation of oil and different organic sol vents from water.Octadecyltrichlorosilane(OTS)-functionalized Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)core-shell mi crospheres were dip-coated on the surface of porous materials via a dip-coating process thereby endowing them with superhydrophobicity.Owing to the hydrophobic interaction between OTS molecules and oil and increased capillary force in the micropores,the result ing superhydrophobic sponge served as a selective oil-sorbent scaffold for absorbing oil from oil-water mixtures,including oil-water suspensions and emulsions.Remarkably,after the recovery of the adsorbed oil via mechanical extrusion,these superhydrophobic materials could be reused multiple times and maintain their oil-water separation efficacy even afte 10 oil-water separation cycles.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the article by Lyu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023;2219-2840).Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a frequently encountered and highly aggre...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Lyu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023;2219-2840).Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a frequently encountered and highly aggressive primary liver cancer,which remains the third-commonest cause of cancer-related death despite the current therapeutic modalities.There is urgency in developing novel thera-peutic approaches,such as by manipulating extracellular vesicles,which con-stitute a highly heterogeneous nanoparticle population that contains various cargoes.These cargoes have a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication and can modify the functional level of the recipient cells via their uptake by other recipient cells.Exosomal non-coding RNAs have particular evolving significance in HCC,such as circular RNAs,which have been found differentially expressed in normal hepatic and HCC tissues.The aberrations in their expression levels have a key role in the HCC development and progression and the overall prognosis.In this editorial,we will shed light on the emerging role of exosomal circular RNAs in HCC development and progression,focusing on the oncogenic or potentially tumor suppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal non-coding RNAs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Rapid wound healing remains a pressing clinical challenge,necessitating studies to hasten this process.A promising approach involves the utilization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)d...BACKGROUND Rapid wound healing remains a pressing clinical challenge,necessitating studies to hasten this process.A promising approach involves the utilization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)derived exosomes.The hypothesis of this study was that these exosomes,when loaded onto a gelatin sponge,a common hemostatic material,would enhance hemostasis and accelerate wound healing.AIM To investigate the hemostatic and wound healing efficacy of gelatin sponges loaded with hUC-MSCs-derived exosomes.METHODS Ultracentrifugation was used to extract exosomes from hUC-MSCs.Nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and western blot techniques were used to validate the exosomes.In vitro experiments were performed using L929 cells to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the exosomes and their impact on cell growth and survival.New Zealand rabbits were used for skin irritation experiments to assess whether they caused adverse skin reactions.Hemolysis test was conducted using a 2%rabbit red blood cell suspension to detect whether they caused hemolysis.Moreover,in vivo experiments were carried out by implanting a gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes subcutaneously in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats to perform biocompatibility tests.In addition,coagulation index test was conducted to evaluate their impact on blood coagulation.Meanwhile,SD rat liver defect hemostasis model and full-thickness skin defect model were used to study whether the gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes effectively stopped bleeding and promoted wound healing.RESULTS The NTA,TEM,and western blot experimental results confirmed that exosomes were successfully isolated from hUC-MSCs.The gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes did not exhibit significant cell toxicity,skin irritation,or hemolysis,and they demonstrated good compatibility in SD rats.Additionally,the effectiveness of the gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes in hemostasis and wound healing was validated.The results of the coagulation index experiment indicated that the gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes had significantly better coagulation effect compared to the regular gelatin sponge,and they showed excellent hemostatic performance in a liver defect hemostasis model.Finally,the full-thickness skin defect healing experiment results showed significant improvement in the healing process of wounds treated with the gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes compared to other groups.CONCLUSION Collectively,the gelatin sponge loaded with hUC-MSCs-derived exosomes is safe and efficacious for promoting hemostasis and accelerating wound healing,warranting further clinical application.展开更多
Graphene-based materials possess significant potential for the treatment of dye wastewater due to their exceptional adsorption properties toward stubborn pollutants.However,their utilization is hindered by high prepar...Graphene-based materials possess significant potential for the treatment of dye wastewater due to their exceptional adsorption properties toward stubborn pollutants.However,their utilization is hindered by high preparation costs,low yields,environmental pollution during synthesis,and challenges in regenerating the adsorbent.This study proposes a novel approach to address these limitations by developing nitrogen-doped three-dimensional(3D)polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)crosslinked graphene sponges(N-PGA)using a cross-linking method with ammonium carbonate.This method offers a relatively mild,environmentally friendly approach.Ammonium carbonate serves as both a reducing and modifying agent,facilitating the formation of the intrinsic structure of N-PGA and acting as a nitrogen source.Meanwhile,PVA is utilized as the cross-linking agent.The results demonstrate that N-PGA exhibits a favorable internal 3D hierarchical porous structure and possesses robust mechanical properties.The measured specific surface area(BET)of N-PGA was as high as406.538 m^(2)·g^(-1),which was favorable for its efficient adsorption of Congo red(CR)dye molecules.At an initial concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1),N-PGA achieved an impressive removal rate of 89.6%and an adsorption capacity of 112 mg·g^(-1)for CR dye.Furthermore,it retained 79%of its initial adsorption capacity after 10 cycles,demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.In summary,the synthesized N-PGA displays remarkable efficacy in the adsorption of CR dye in wastewater,opening up new possibilities for utilizing 3D porous graphene nanomaterials as efficient adsorbents in wastewater treatment.展开更多
4-tert-butylstyrene-EPDM-divinylbenzene graft terpolymer (PBED) was prepared by graft cross-polymerization in toluene using BPO as an initiator. The gel-PBED and solPBED were isolated from extraction of tetrahydrofura...4-tert-butylstyrene-EPDM-divinylbenzene graft terpolymer (PBED) was prepared by graft cross-polymerization in toluene using BPO as an initiator. The gel-PBED and solPBED were isolated from extraction of tetrahydrofuran (THF), and then they were identified by IR spectroscopy. The maximum oil-absorptivity of gel-PBED produced from the optinum reaction conditions was 8 420% but its swelling rate was very low. The highest oil-absorptivity of photocrosslinked sol-PBED film was 5 800%. Although its oil absorbency was not as high as gel-PBED' s, swelling rate was higher than that of gelPBED and was suitable for commercial purpose. After swelling in oil, neither gel PBED nor photocrosslinked sol-PBED film having high oil-absorptivity had sufficient mechanical strength to be taken out of oil wholly. As is known, composite technique is one of the useful methods for reinforcing them. Fibers, sponges and non-woven cloths were used as reinforcers or supporters in this work. Oil-absorptivities and swelling kinetics were evaluated by method ASTM (F726 - 81 ) and an experimental equation. The mechanical properties and the morphologies of some composites were measured by tensile tester and SEM , respectively.展开更多
The interest in using therapeutic nanoparticles to bind with harmful molecules or pathogens and subsequently neutralize their bioactivity has grown tremendously.Among various nanomedicine platforms,cell membrane-coate...The interest in using therapeutic nanoparticles to bind with harmful molecules or pathogens and subsequently neutralize their bioactivity has grown tremendously.Among various nanomedicine platforms,cell membrane-coated nanoparticles,namely,“cellular nanosponges,”stand out for their broadspectrum neutralization capability challenging to achieve in traditional countermeasure technologies.Such ability is attributable to their cellular function-based rather than target structure-based working principle.Integrating cellular nanosponges with various synthetic substrates further makes their applications exceptionally versatile and adaptive.This review discusses the latest cellular nanosponge technology focusing on how the structure–function relationship in different designs has led to versatile and potent medical countermeasures.Four design strategies are discussed,including harnessing native cell membrane functions for biological neutralization,functionalizing cell membrane coatings to enhance neutralization capabilities,combining cell membranes and functional cores for multimodal neutralization,and integrating cellular nanosponges with hydrogels for localized applications.Examples in each design strategy are selected,and the discussion is to highlight their structure–function relationships in complex disease settings.The review may inspire additional design strategies for cellular nanosponges and fulfill even broader medical applications.展开更多
A silylated melamine sponge(SMS)was prepared by two simple steps,namely,immersion and dehydration of a melamine sponge coated with methyltrichlorosilane.The silylated structure of SMS was characterized by FT-IR(Fourie...A silylated melamine sponge(SMS)was prepared by two simple steps,namely,immersion and dehydration of a melamine sponge coated with methyltrichlorosilane.The silylated structure of SMS was characterized by FT-IR(Fourier-transform infrared)spectroscopy,SEM(Scanning electron microscopy)and in terms of water contact angles.Its oil-water absorption and separation capacities were measured by FT-IR and UV-visible spectrophoto-metry.The experimental results have shown that oligomeric silanol covalently bonds by Si-N onto the surface of melamine sponge skeletons.SMS has shown superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle exceeding 150°±1°,a better separation efficiency with regard to diesel oil(by 99.31%(wt/wt%)in oil-water mixture and even up to 99.99%(wt/wt%)for diesel oil in its saturated aqueous solution.Moreover,SMS inherited the intrinsicflame retardancy of the melamine sponge.In general,SMS has shown superhydrophobicity,high porosity,excellent selectivity,remarkable recyclability,and better absorption capacity for various oils and organic solvents,and a high separation efficiency for oil in saturated aqueous solutions.展开更多
In this study,a convenient method using multi-step infrared spectroscopy,including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）,second derivative infrared spectroscopy（SD-IR） and two-dimensional correlation infr...In this study,a convenient method using multi-step infrared spectroscopy,including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）,second derivative infrared spectroscopy（SD-IR） and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy（2DCOS-IR）,was employed to analyze and discriminate ten marine sponges from two classes collected from the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea.Each sponge had an exclusive macroscopic fingerprint.From the IR spectra,it was noted that the main ingredient of calcareous sponges was calcium carbonate,but that of demosponges was proteins.For sponges from the same genus or having highly similar chemical profile（IR spectral profile）,SD-IR and 2DCOS-IR were applied to successfully reveal the tiny differences.It was demonstrated that the multi-step infrared spectroscopy was a feasible and objective approach for marine sponge identification.展开更多
Cancer recurrence and severe side effects of currently being used chemotherapeutic agents reduce their clinical efficacy. Thus, there is a constant need to develop alternative anticancer drugs. Sustainable supply is a...Cancer recurrence and severe side effects of currently being used chemotherapeutic agents reduce their clinical efficacy. Thus, there is a constant need to develop alternative anticancer drugs. Sustainable supply is an important challenge facing marine-based drug discovery. Primmorph, a 3D cell culture system, could provide a sustainable source to produce metabolites for anticancer drugs from marine sponges. In the present work, the anticancer activity of primmorph extracts and mesohyls of Negombata magnifica, Hemimycle arabica, Crella spinulata, and Stylissa carteri sponges was evaluated. Antiproliferative activity was studied in terms of cytotoxicity, colony formation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Migration was assessed by migration assay and matrix metalloproteinase activity. The expression of proliferation and migration-related genes was analyzed using real time PCR. Migration and proliferation activities of HepG2 cells were inhibited by treatment with primmorph extracts and mesohyls of N. magnifica, H. arabica, and C. spinulata. The mesohyl of S. carteri did not show any anticancer activity although the primmorph extract led to cell cycle arrest. Among the selected sponge species, the primmorph extract of C. spinulata was the most promising anticancer agent regarding antiproliferative and antimigratory activities. In addition, primmorph extracts have the advantage of working under welldefined and controlled conditions, which allows the easy application as a bioreactor.展开更多
基金supported by Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(No.2022QNRC001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273053)the Chenguang Program of Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.21CGA41)。
文摘Extreme cold weather seriously harms human thermoregulatory system,necessitating high-performance insulating garments to maintain body temperature.However,as the core insulating layer,advanced fibrous materials always struggle to balance mechanical properties and thermal insulation,resulting in their inability to meet the demands for both washing resistance and personal protection.Herein,inspired by the natural spring-like structures of cucumber tendrils,a superelastic and washable micro/nanofibrous sponge(MNFS)based on biomimetic helical fibers is directly prepared utilizing multiple-jet electrospinning technology for high-performance thermal insulation.By regulating the conductivity of polyvinylidene fluoride solution,multiple-jet ejection and multiple-stage whipping of jets are achieved,and further control of phase separation rates enables the rapid solidification of jets to form spring-like helical fibers,which are directly entangled to assemble MNFS.The resulting MNFS exhibits superelasticity that can withstand large tensile strain(200%),1000 cyclic tensile or compression deformations,and retain good resilience even in liquid nitrogen(-196℃).Furthermore,the MNFS shows efficient thermal insulation with low thermal conductivity(24.85 mW m^(-1)K^(-1)),close to the value of dry air,and remains structural stability even after cyclic washing.This work offers new possibilities for advanced fibrous sponges in transportation,environmental,and energy applications.
基金The authors appreciate the support from the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2019MB019,ZR2018MEM020)We also acknowledge financial support from the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province(2019GSF111047).
文摘With the increasing energy demand together with the deteriorating environment and decreasing fossil fuel resources,the development of highly efficient energy conversion and storage devices is one of the key challenges of both fundamental and applied research in energy technology.Melamine sponges(MS)with low density,high nitrogen content,and high porosity have been used to design and obtain three‐dimensional porous carbon electrode materials.More importantly,they are inexpensive,environment‐friendly,and easy to synthesize.There have been many reports on the modification of carbonized MS and MS‐based composites for supercapacitor and lithium battery electrode materials.In this paper,recent studies on the fabrication of electrode materials using MS as raw materials have been mainly reviewed,including carbonation,doping activation,and composite modification of MS,and expectations for the development of porous carbon materials for energy storage as a reference with excellent performance,environment‐friendliness,and long life.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.52090034 and 51773008)the Fundamental Re-search Funds for the Central Universities (No.XK1802)is gratefully acknowledged.D.S.and M.J.Z.contributed equally to this work.
文摘Although piezoresistive sensors have wide applications in human motion detection and wearable elec-tronics,it is still a challenge to produce multifunctional and integrated sensors with wide working ranges and linear sensing responses.Herein,electrically conductive,highly compressible,and structurally anisotropic MXene-wood(MW)sponges are fabricated by converting balsa wood blocks to compressible wood sponges with extremely low density and highly anisotropic porous structure,followed by deco-rating with conductive MXene sheets.The MW sponge is utilized to assemble a piezoresistive sensor with a large working range of 0-25 kPa,wide linear sensing ranges of 5%-50%and 0-180°,and excellent long-term reliability under a bending angle of 30°for 5000 cycles.Additionally,the sensor is suitable for monitoring practical human physiological signals including pulse beating,and finger and wrist bending.An all-MW sponge-based multifunctional and integrated sensing system is constructed by integrating the MW sponge piezoresistive sensor,the MW sponge-based solid-state supercapacitor,and the MW sponge electrophysiological electrodes.The sensing system can concurrently detect surface electromyogram and tactile pressures,and hence realize real-time closed-loop controls.The multifunctional and integrated MW sponge sensing system would have great potentials in real-time pressure recognition and human-machine interfaces.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(No.LH2020B008)the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology(No.2019DX13)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2016M600253,2017T100246)the Post-doctoral Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LBHZ16060)。
文摘Graphene has been widely used to improve the electrochemical performance in rate and cycling stability for SnO_(2).However,the mechanism of the synergistic effect and the interfacial interaction between SnO_(2)and graphene are still not fully understood.Herein,we put forward a novel,cost effective strategy to construct hierarchical SnO_(2)nanoclusters anchored on the graphene sponges for lithium storage by in situ self assembly.The result shows that the synergistic effect and interfacial interaction origin form the existence of strong oxygen bridges between SnO_(2)and graphene via the C-O-Sn linkage.It is demonstrated for the first time that the interfacial interaction by C-O-Sn bonding plays a crucial role in the rate and cycling stability both experimentally and theoretically.Thus,the SnO_(2)@graphene sponges exhibit remarkable rate capability(a reversible capability of 1141,997,912,831,693,536,and 302 mA h g^(-1)at 0.2 C,0.5 C,1 C,2 C,5 C,10 C and 20 C,respectively)and cycling performance(after 625 cycles at 6 A g^(-1)with a capacity retention of 537 m A h g^(-1)).
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22022810)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT15R48)Sichuan University(2020SCUNG112).
文摘A novel type of reduced graphene oxide(rGO)modified melamine sponges(rGS)filling with paraffin(rGS-pf)is developed for efficient solar-thermal conversion and heat management.The microstructures,filling and holding capacity of paraffin in porous rGS,solar-thermal energy conversion and energy harvesting efficiency of the prepared rGS-pf have been investigated systematically.The content of rGO nanosheets coated on the skeletons of rGS-pf is only 0.11%,while the loading content of paraffin in the rGS-pf is as high as 97.53%.Based on the solar-thermal conversion property of rGO nanosheets in the rGS-pf and the heat storage ability of paraffin in the rGS-pf,the proposed rGS-pf provides excellent performance for heat management.The efficiency of solar-thermal conversion could reach up to 92.5%.The thermo-regulation provided by the proposed rGS-pf is real-time,repeatable and long-term stable.The results in this study provide valuable guidance for developing functional materials for efficient solarthermal conversion and heat management.
基金Supported by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Research Council(Grant No.910170)
文摘Objective: To screen the cytotoxic effects of some marine sponges extracts on HeLa and PC12 cells.Methods: Five marine sponges including Ircinia echinata(I. echinata), Dysidea avara,Axinella sinoxea, Haliclona tubifera and Haliclona violacea were collected from the Persian Gulf(Hengam Island). The cytotoxic effect of these sponges was evaluated by using MTT assay. The metabolic high performance liquid chromatography fingerprint of I. echinata was also carried out at two wavelengths(254 and 280 nm).Results: Among the sponges tested in this study, the extracts of I. echinata and Dysidea avara possessed the cytotoxic effect on HeLa and PC12 cells. The obtained fractions from high performance liquid chromatography were evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against the cell lines. The isolated fractions did not show significant cytotoxic properties.Conclusions: I. echinata could be considered as a potential extract for chemotherapy.Further investigation is needed to determine the accuracy of mechanism.
文摘The motive of this work was to provide an inexpensive potential wound dressing using chitosan lactate (LCH) which was synthesized by the grafting lactic acid onto the amino groups in chitosan (CH) without a catalyst. The XRD and 13CNMR results demonstrated that the grafting by lactic acid took place at C2 site in CH, leading to the destruction of the regularity of the packing in the original CH chains and formation of the amorphous CH salts. The unique device was developed in our experiments which could yield an approximately vertical thermal gradient, forming the uniformly vertical pores in LCH sponges. TEM images revealed that both TBA and LCH concentration affected the micro-structure of the sponges, although they worked via different mechanisms. In the water suction experiments, the capillary coefficient Ks was introduced to evaluate the structure-function relationship. The positive or negative influence of LCH, TBA and porosity on Ks clearly stood out when their relationships were plotted graphically. The in vitro biocompatibility of LCH sponges was evaluated. The results obtained indicated that LCH sponges exhibited bio-safety at lower concentration (25%) during short time (1 day). However, highly concentrated extraction showed a serious toxic effect on both HSF and HaCaT cells. The release kinetics for hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs with different formulation sponges was determined in in vitro release experiments. The contribution of the drug diffusion, matrix erosion and microstructure of porous materials must be taken into account on the release mechanism. The method and the structure described in present paper provided a starting point for the design and fabrication of a family of chitosan derivatives based porous materials with potentially broad
基金supported by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute(HHMI 2012-NCE).
文摘Sponges are known for their symbiotic associations with bacteria and to a lesser extent with fungi.It has been argued that the association between fungi and sponges is not truly symbiotic,and fungal presence is incidental.Nevertheless,a vertically transmitted endosymbiotic yeast has been observed by transmission electron microscopy in sponges of the genus Chondrilla.Our work was focused on documenting the presence of yeasts associated with marine sponges from Puerto Rico.Sponge samples were taken from healthy mature colonies of Ircinia strobilina,Tedania ignis,and Chondrilla caribensis.A total of 36 yeast morphotypes were isolated and analysed by sequencing the nuclear ribosomal ITS region.Saccharomyces cerevisiae,was isolated from all the samples,comprising the first report of this yeast as a common inhabitant in marine sponges.Other yeasts isolated include the halophilic black yeast,Hortaea werneckii,and an unidentified species belongs to the Sporidiobolales(Basidiomycota).The high isolation frequency of S.cerevisiae from our sponge samples supports the possibility that Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an active member of the sponges’microbial community.
文摘Kitchen sponges continue to be heavily used in Brazilian food services, even though they may be very contaminated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological contamination and the efficacy of two procedures for the disinfection of kitchen sponges used in Brazilian food services. Eighty sponges were collected from food services and then analyzed for the quantification heterotrophic microorganisms (HM), fecal coliforms (CF), Staphylococcus coagulase-positive (SA) microorganisms and to the investigation of the presence of Salmonella sp. (SAM). After that, the sponges were disinfected, separately, by either boiling water for five minutes or immersed in 200ppm sodium hypochlorite, for 10 minutes, added to a rinse with potable water. The results showed that sponges presented HM counts between 3.4 and 10.4 log CFU/sponge, with an average of 9.1 log CFU/sponge, and 76.25% of them presented CF with average counts of 8.4 log CFU/sponge. SA and SAM were found in 2.5% of samples. Both disinfection procedures were able to significantly reduce the bacterial counts, but the boiling method showed a greater reduction (99.9999%) than the method of disinfection by 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite (99.9%). Based on the results it was possible to conclude that kitchen sponges can be very contaminated, but simple disinfection procedure can be applied to significantly reduce the microbial contamination.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50778066)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China (No. 2006BAJ04A13)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No. 20090161110010)
文摘Two identical bench-scale biotrickling filters （BTFs）, BTF 1 and BTF 2, were evaluated for toluene removal at various gas empty bed contact times （EBCTs） and organic loadings. BTF 1 and BTF 2 were packed with structured and cubic synthetic polyurethane sponges, respectively. At a constant toluene loading of 16 g/（m3.hr）, toluene removal efficiencies decreased from 98.8% to 64.3% for BTF 1 and from 98.4% to 74.1% for BTF 2 as gas EBCT decreased from 30 to 5 sec. When the toluene loading increased from 35 to 140 g/（m3.hr） at a gas EBCT of 30 sec, the removal efficiencies decreased from 99.1% to 77.4% for BTF 1 and from 99.0% to 81.5% for BTF 2. The pressure drop for both BTFs increased with increased air flow rate, and did not significantly vary while the toluene loading was increased under similar operation conditions. BTF 1 and BTF 2 could start up successfully within 19 and 27 days, respectively, when packed with fresh sponge media, and the performances could be restored in 3-7 days after biomass was removed and wasted from the media. BTF 2 displayed higher removal efficiency even under shorter EBCT or higher loading rate than BTF1 when other operation conditions were similar, while it showed lower pressure drop than BTF 1 during the whole period of operation. These results demonstrated that both BTFs could treat waste gas containing toluene effectively.
基金Supported by Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (201AA620404).
文摘Sponges are the most primitive of multicellular animals, and are major pharmaceutical sources of marine secondary metabolites. A wide variety of new compounds have been isolated from sponges. In order to produce sufficient amounts of the compounds of the needed, it is necessary to obtain large amount of sponges. The production of sponge biomass has become a focus of marine biotechnology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21827815 and 42192571)。
文摘The effective and affordable separation of oil and water,a crucial process in the safe han dling of environmental disasters such as crude oil spills and recovery of valuable resources is a highly sought-after yet challenging task.Herein,superhydrophobic PU sponge was fab ricated for the fast and cost-effective adsorptive separation of oil and different organic sol vents from water.Octadecyltrichlorosilane(OTS)-functionalized Fe_(3)O_(4)@SiO_(2)core-shell mi crospheres were dip-coated on the surface of porous materials via a dip-coating process thereby endowing them with superhydrophobicity.Owing to the hydrophobic interaction between OTS molecules and oil and increased capillary force in the micropores,the result ing superhydrophobic sponge served as a selective oil-sorbent scaffold for absorbing oil from oil-water mixtures,including oil-water suspensions and emulsions.Remarkably,after the recovery of the adsorbed oil via mechanical extrusion,these superhydrophobic materials could be reused multiple times and maintain their oil-water separation efficacy even afte 10 oil-water separation cycles.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Lyu et al published in the recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology(2023;2219-2840).Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a frequently encountered and highly aggressive primary liver cancer,which remains the third-commonest cause of cancer-related death despite the current therapeutic modalities.There is urgency in developing novel thera-peutic approaches,such as by manipulating extracellular vesicles,which con-stitute a highly heterogeneous nanoparticle population that contains various cargoes.These cargoes have a pivotal role in cell-to-cell communication and can modify the functional level of the recipient cells via their uptake by other recipient cells.Exosomal non-coding RNAs have particular evolving significance in HCC,such as circular RNAs,which have been found differentially expressed in normal hepatic and HCC tissues.The aberrations in their expression levels have a key role in the HCC development and progression and the overall prognosis.In this editorial,we will shed light on the emerging role of exosomal circular RNAs in HCC development and progression,focusing on the oncogenic or potentially tumor suppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomal non-coding RNAs.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2018YFA0108304the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81771721 and 81971505the Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education,No.YCBZ2022004 and YCBZ2022045。
文摘BACKGROUND Rapid wound healing remains a pressing clinical challenge,necessitating studies to hasten this process.A promising approach involves the utilization of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)derived exosomes.The hypothesis of this study was that these exosomes,when loaded onto a gelatin sponge,a common hemostatic material,would enhance hemostasis and accelerate wound healing.AIM To investigate the hemostatic and wound healing efficacy of gelatin sponges loaded with hUC-MSCs-derived exosomes.METHODS Ultracentrifugation was used to extract exosomes from hUC-MSCs.Nanoparticle tracking analysis(NTA),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and western blot techniques were used to validate the exosomes.In vitro experiments were performed using L929 cells to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the exosomes and their impact on cell growth and survival.New Zealand rabbits were used for skin irritation experiments to assess whether they caused adverse skin reactions.Hemolysis test was conducted using a 2%rabbit red blood cell suspension to detect whether they caused hemolysis.Moreover,in vivo experiments were carried out by implanting a gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes subcutaneously in Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats to perform biocompatibility tests.In addition,coagulation index test was conducted to evaluate their impact on blood coagulation.Meanwhile,SD rat liver defect hemostasis model and full-thickness skin defect model were used to study whether the gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes effectively stopped bleeding and promoted wound healing.RESULTS The NTA,TEM,and western blot experimental results confirmed that exosomes were successfully isolated from hUC-MSCs.The gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes did not exhibit significant cell toxicity,skin irritation,or hemolysis,and they demonstrated good compatibility in SD rats.Additionally,the effectiveness of the gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes in hemostasis and wound healing was validated.The results of the coagulation index experiment indicated that the gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes had significantly better coagulation effect compared to the regular gelatin sponge,and they showed excellent hemostatic performance in a liver defect hemostasis model.Finally,the full-thickness skin defect healing experiment results showed significant improvement in the healing process of wounds treated with the gelatin sponge loaded with exosomes compared to other groups.CONCLUSION Collectively,the gelatin sponge loaded with hUC-MSCs-derived exosomes is safe and efficacious for promoting hemostasis and accelerating wound healing,warranting further clinical application.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51671052,51750110513,52250610222)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N182502042)the Liao Ning Revitilization Talents Program(XLYC1902105)。
文摘Graphene-based materials possess significant potential for the treatment of dye wastewater due to their exceptional adsorption properties toward stubborn pollutants.However,their utilization is hindered by high preparation costs,low yields,environmental pollution during synthesis,and challenges in regenerating the adsorbent.This study proposes a novel approach to address these limitations by developing nitrogen-doped three-dimensional(3D)polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)crosslinked graphene sponges(N-PGA)using a cross-linking method with ammonium carbonate.This method offers a relatively mild,environmentally friendly approach.Ammonium carbonate serves as both a reducing and modifying agent,facilitating the formation of the intrinsic structure of N-PGA and acting as a nitrogen source.Meanwhile,PVA is utilized as the cross-linking agent.The results demonstrate that N-PGA exhibits a favorable internal 3D hierarchical porous structure and possesses robust mechanical properties.The measured specific surface area(BET)of N-PGA was as high as406.538 m^(2)·g^(-1),which was favorable for its efficient adsorption of Congo red(CR)dye molecules.At an initial concentration of 50 mg·L^(-1),N-PGA achieved an impressive removal rate of 89.6%and an adsorption capacity of 112 mg·g^(-1)for CR dye.Furthermore,it retained 79%of its initial adsorption capacity after 10 cycles,demonstrating excellent regeneration performance.In summary,the synthesized N-PGA displays remarkable efficacy in the adsorption of CR dye in wastewater,opening up new possibilities for utilizing 3D porous graphene nanomaterials as efficient adsorbents in wastewater treatment.
文摘4-tert-butylstyrene-EPDM-divinylbenzene graft terpolymer (PBED) was prepared by graft cross-polymerization in toluene using BPO as an initiator. The gel-PBED and solPBED were isolated from extraction of tetrahydrofuran (THF), and then they were identified by IR spectroscopy. The maximum oil-absorptivity of gel-PBED produced from the optinum reaction conditions was 8 420% but its swelling rate was very low. The highest oil-absorptivity of photocrosslinked sol-PBED film was 5 800%. Although its oil absorbency was not as high as gel-PBED' s, swelling rate was higher than that of gelPBED and was suitable for commercial purpose. After swelling in oil, neither gel PBED nor photocrosslinked sol-PBED film having high oil-absorptivity had sufficient mechanical strength to be taken out of oil wholly. As is known, composite technique is one of the useful methods for reinforcing them. Fibers, sponges and non-woven cloths were used as reinforcers or supporters in this work. Oil-absorptivities and swelling kinetics were evaluated by method ASTM (F726 - 81 ) and an experimental equation. The mechanical properties and the morphologies of some composites were measured by tensile tester and SEM , respectively.
基金This work is supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense under Award Numbers HDTRA1-21-1-0010 and HDTRA1-21-C-0019.
文摘The interest in using therapeutic nanoparticles to bind with harmful molecules or pathogens and subsequently neutralize their bioactivity has grown tremendously.Among various nanomedicine platforms,cell membrane-coated nanoparticles,namely,“cellular nanosponges,”stand out for their broadspectrum neutralization capability challenging to achieve in traditional countermeasure technologies.Such ability is attributable to their cellular function-based rather than target structure-based working principle.Integrating cellular nanosponges with various synthetic substrates further makes their applications exceptionally versatile and adaptive.This review discusses the latest cellular nanosponge technology focusing on how the structure–function relationship in different designs has led to versatile and potent medical countermeasures.Four design strategies are discussed,including harnessing native cell membrane functions for biological neutralization,functionalizing cell membrane coatings to enhance neutralization capabilities,combining cell membranes and functional cores for multimodal neutralization,and integrating cellular nanosponges with hydrogels for localized applications.Examples in each design strategy are selected,and the discussion is to highlight their structure–function relationships in complex disease settings.The review may inspire additional design strategies for cellular nanosponges and fulfill even broader medical applications.
基金funded by Qingyang Science and Technology Support Project(KT2019-03)。
文摘A silylated melamine sponge(SMS)was prepared by two simple steps,namely,immersion and dehydration of a melamine sponge coated with methyltrichlorosilane.The silylated structure of SMS was characterized by FT-IR(Fourier-transform infrared)spectroscopy,SEM(Scanning electron microscopy)and in terms of water contact angles.Its oil-water absorption and separation capacities were measured by FT-IR and UV-visible spectrophoto-metry.The experimental results have shown that oligomeric silanol covalently bonds by Si-N onto the surface of melamine sponge skeletons.SMS has shown superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle exceeding 150°±1°,a better separation efficiency with regard to diesel oil(by 99.31%(wt/wt%)in oil-water mixture and even up to 99.99%(wt/wt%)for diesel oil in its saturated aqueous solution.Moreover,SMS inherited the intrinsicflame retardancy of the melamine sponge.In general,SMS has shown superhydrophobicity,high porosity,excellent selectivity,remarkable recyclability,and better absorption capacity for various oils and organic solvents,and a high separation efficiency for oil in saturated aqueous solutions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of China(No.81225023)the National Natural Science Fund of China(Nos.41476121, 81302691,81172978)+2 种基金the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.14YZ037)partially supported by Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist(No.12XD1400200)the financial support of the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Projects,No.2013AA092902)
文摘In this study,a convenient method using multi-step infrared spectroscopy,including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）,second derivative infrared spectroscopy（SD-IR） and two-dimensional correlation infrared spectroscopy（2DCOS-IR）,was employed to analyze and discriminate ten marine sponges from two classes collected from the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea.Each sponge had an exclusive macroscopic fingerprint.From the IR spectra,it was noted that the main ingredient of calcareous sponges was calcium carbonate,but that of demosponges was proteins.For sponges from the same genus or having highly similar chemical profile（IR spectral profile）,SD-IR and 2DCOS-IR were applied to successfully reveal the tiny differences.It was demonstrated that the multi-step infrared spectroscopy was a feasible and objective approach for marine sponge identification.
基金supported by the National Research Centre-Egypt [grant number 10160003]
文摘Cancer recurrence and severe side effects of currently being used chemotherapeutic agents reduce their clinical efficacy. Thus, there is a constant need to develop alternative anticancer drugs. Sustainable supply is an important challenge facing marine-based drug discovery. Primmorph, a 3D cell culture system, could provide a sustainable source to produce metabolites for anticancer drugs from marine sponges. In the present work, the anticancer activity of primmorph extracts and mesohyls of Negombata magnifica, Hemimycle arabica, Crella spinulata, and Stylissa carteri sponges was evaluated. Antiproliferative activity was studied in terms of cytotoxicity, colony formation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Migration was assessed by migration assay and matrix metalloproteinase activity. The expression of proliferation and migration-related genes was analyzed using real time PCR. Migration and proliferation activities of HepG2 cells were inhibited by treatment with primmorph extracts and mesohyls of N. magnifica, H. arabica, and C. spinulata. The mesohyl of S. carteri did not show any anticancer activity although the primmorph extract led to cell cycle arrest. Among the selected sponge species, the primmorph extract of C. spinulata was the most promising anticancer agent regarding antiproliferative and antimigratory activities. In addition, primmorph extracts have the advantage of working under welldefined and controlled conditions, which allows the easy application as a bioreactor.
