A unique and well-designed 2D graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)with sponge-like architecture has been successfully synthesized by engineering supramolecular self-assembly and well-organized SiO 2 nanoparti-cles.The resul...A unique and well-designed 2D graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)with sponge-like architecture has been successfully synthesized by engineering supramolecular self-assembly and well-organized SiO 2 nanoparti-cles.The resulting material showed great optical and textural characteristics with plenty of open and uni-form pores,which are very helpful whether for multiple light scattering or mass transfer.The formation of boosted delocalizedπ-conjugated electrons at the molecular level and condensed heptazine building blocks result in enhanced carrier density and charge transfer dynamics.Optical emission spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence lifetime(TRPL)strongly confirmed the enhancement of light harvesting and prolonged charge carrier lifetime.The optimized sample exhibited a degradation performance of 95%of bisphenol A(BPA,10 mg L-1)after 60 min under visible-light irradiation at pH=5.All the scavenging experiments,probing experiments as well as electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)confirm that•O 2-is the dominant reactive species that fragments bisphenol A.Interestingly,density functional theory(DFT)calculations unveil that the BPA interaction with a modified g-CN containing porous structure is energeti-cally more favorable than non-porous pure g-CN.Moreover,the toxicity assessment showed that the final degradation products were placed in the non-harmful category based on acute and chronic toxicity.This study presents a promising strategy to modify the g-CN properties and provides an efficient technique for boosting its visible-light photocatalytic activity.展开更多
Developing novel electrode materials for li-thium-ion batteries （LIBs） with rapid charge/discharge cap- ability and high cycling stability remains a big challenge to date. Herein, we demonstrate the design and synth...Developing novel electrode materials for li-thium-ion batteries （LIBs） with rapid charge/discharge cap- ability and high cycling stability remains a big challenge to date. Herein, we demonstrate the design and synthesis of ul- trathin MoS2 nanosheets in-situ grown on sponge-like carbon nanospheres by a simple diffusion-controiled process. The unique sponge-like carbon nanosphere core can be used as ＂reservoir＂ of electrolyte by adsorbing to shorten the ion- diffusion path, and meanwhile as ＂elastomer＂ to alleviate the structural change of the MoS2 nanosheets during the charge/ discharge processes. Furthermore, the vertical ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets with broadened interlayer space greatly enrich the electrochemical active sites. Consequently, the as-obtained MoS2/C nanospheres exhibit increased specific capacities at various rates with superior cycling stability compared to the MoS2/C floccules. It is reckoned that the present concept can be extended to other electrode materials for achieving high- rate and stable LIBs.展开更多
A general method is proposed to synthesize ultrafine nanoporous Cu, Ag, and Ni with novel sponge-like morphologies, high porosities, and large surface areas. The materials are produced by dealloying Mgc~/IzsY10 （M = ...A general method is proposed to synthesize ultrafine nanoporous Cu, Ag, and Ni with novel sponge-like morphologies, high porosities, and large surface areas. The materials are produced by dealloying Mgc~/IzsY10 （M = Cu, Ag, and Ni） metallic glasses in citric acid. Citric acid played a key role due to its capping effect, which reduced the surface diffusion of metals. A structural model consistent with the sponge-like morphology was constructed to calculate the porosity and the surface area. The mechanism of the dealloying process in citric acid, involving ligament formation and coarsening, was illustrated. The mechanism was capable of explaining the experimental trends of dealloying, especially the morphology. A glucose sensor, which can be further developed into a high-precision real-time glucose monitor for medical use, was constructed using sponge-like nanoporous copper. Our findings are not only relevant to understanding the dealloying mechanism of metallic glasses, but also provide promising materials for multiple applications.展开更多
Previously we reported the synthesis of novel organic-inorganic compo- site indium tin oxide （ITO） foam precursor leading to the formation of ＂sponge-like＂ ITO by burning away the organics, This newly made sponge-...Previously we reported the synthesis of novel organic-inorganic compo- site indium tin oxide （ITO） foam precursor leading to the formation of ＂sponge-like＂ ITO by burning away the organics, This newly made sponge-like ITO possesses relatively high electrical conductivity due to phonon confinement with reasonable pore structure and may have potential application as functional materials in semiconducting dye absorbing layer in dye-sensitized solar cell （DSSC） and also as the receptor of electrons injected from the quantum dots （QDs） of organic-inorganic hybrid QD based solar cell. This report is a short review of ＂sponge-like＂ ITO described as a lecture note on its future use as an alternative new prospective material for photoanode of solar cell in the domain of sustainable energy,展开更多
A series of MnM/palygorskite(PG)(M=La,W,Mo,Sb,Mg)catalysts was prepared by the wetness co-impregnation method for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO with NH_3.Conversion efficiency followed the or...A series of MnM/palygorskite(PG)(M=La,W,Mo,Sb,Mg)catalysts was prepared by the wetness co-impregnation method for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO with NH_3.Conversion efficiency followed the order Sb>Mo>La>W>Mg.A combination of various physico-chemical techniques was used to investigate the influence of Sb-modified Mn/PG catalysts.MnSb_(0.156)/PG catalyst showed highest NO conversion at low temperatures in the presence of SO_(2) which reveals that addition of Sb oxides effectively enhances the SCR activity of catalysts.A SO_(2) step-wise study showed that MnSb_(0.156)/PG catalyst displays higher durable resistance to SO_(2) than Mn/PG catalyst,where the sulfating of active phase is greatly inhibited after Sb doping.Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results showed that Sb loading enhances the dispersion of Mn oxides on the carrier surface.According to the results of characterization analyses,it is suggested that the main reason for the deactivation of Mn/PG is the formation of manganese sulfates which cause the permanent deactivation of Mn-based catalysts.For Sb-doped Mn/PG catalyst,SO_(x) ad-species formed were mainly combined with SbO_(x) rather than MnO_(x).This preferential interaction between SbO_(x) and SO_(2) effectively shields the MnO_(x) as active species from being sulfated by SO_(2) resulting in the improvement of SO_(2) tolerance on Sb-added catalyst.Multiple information support that,owing to the addition of Sb,original formed MnO_(x) crystallite has been completely transformed into highly dispersed amorphous phase accounting for higher SCR activity.展开更多
Polyphenylsulfone(PPSU)ultrafiltration membrane with different structures was prepared by nonsolvent-induced phase separation.The effects of coagulation bath conditions(concentration and temperature)on membrane morpho...Polyphenylsulfone(PPSU)ultrafiltration membrane with different structures was prepared by nonsolvent-induced phase separation.The effects of coagulation bath conditions(concentration and temperature)on membrane morphology,pure water flux,pore size,porosity,and contact angle were studied and discussed based on ternary-phase diagrams.Results indicated that water had stronger coagulant power than ethanol,and that the morphology of the membrane prepared from the polyphenylsulfone/1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone/H_(2)O(PPSU/NMP/H_(2)O)system had finger-like structures.Conversely,sponge-like structures were observed for the PPSU/NMP/(NMP-H_(2)O)and PPSU/NMP/(70 NMP-EtOH-H_(2)O)systems.Ethanol also greatly influenced on membrane structures.According to the Scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)image,the composition(mass fraction)of casting solution is 16%PPSU-84%NMP and the coagulation bath consisting of 70%NMP-26%H_(2)O-4%C_(2)H_(5)OH.Meanwhile,the PPSU ultrafiltration membrane with spong-like was prepared under 8℃coagulation bath.The formation of sponge-like structure reduces the pure water flux of ppsu membrane from 488.39 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)to 36.04 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).It also reduces the gas permeability,porosity,and pore size of the membrane.The addition of ethanol and NMP into the coagulation bath increases the roughness of the PPSU ultrafiltration membrane and reduces the hydrophilicity of the membrane.展开更多
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MIST)(No.2019R1A2C2085250)the Brain Pool(BP)fellowship grant funded by the Korea government(No.2019H1D3A1A01070060).
文摘A unique and well-designed 2D graphitic carbon nitride(g-CN)with sponge-like architecture has been successfully synthesized by engineering supramolecular self-assembly and well-organized SiO 2 nanoparti-cles.The resulting material showed great optical and textural characteristics with plenty of open and uni-form pores,which are very helpful whether for multiple light scattering or mass transfer.The formation of boosted delocalizedπ-conjugated electrons at the molecular level and condensed heptazine building blocks result in enhanced carrier density and charge transfer dynamics.Optical emission spectroscopy and time-resolved fluorescence lifetime(TRPL)strongly confirmed the enhancement of light harvesting and prolonged charge carrier lifetime.The optimized sample exhibited a degradation performance of 95%of bisphenol A(BPA,10 mg L-1)after 60 min under visible-light irradiation at pH=5.All the scavenging experiments,probing experiments as well as electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR)confirm that•O 2-is the dominant reactive species that fragments bisphenol A.Interestingly,density functional theory(DFT)calculations unveil that the BPA interaction with a modified g-CN containing porous structure is energeti-cally more favorable than non-porous pure g-CN.Moreover,the toxicity assessment showed that the final degradation products were placed in the non-harmful category based on acute and chronic toxicity.This study presents a promising strategy to modify the g-CN properties and provides an efficient technique for boosting its visible-light photocatalytic activity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21522602,51672082 and 91534202)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(15QA1401200)+2 种基金the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commissionthe Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learningthe Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(222201718002)
文摘Developing novel electrode materials for li-thium-ion batteries （LIBs） with rapid charge/discharge cap- ability and high cycling stability remains a big challenge to date. Herein, we demonstrate the design and synthesis of ul- trathin MoS2 nanosheets in-situ grown on sponge-like carbon nanospheres by a simple diffusion-controiled process. The unique sponge-like carbon nanosphere core can be used as ＂reservoir＂ of electrolyte by adsorbing to shorten the ion- diffusion path, and meanwhile as ＂elastomer＂ to alleviate the structural change of the MoS2 nanosheets during the charge/ discharge processes. Furthermore, the vertical ultrathin MoS2 nanosheets with broadened interlayer space greatly enrich the electrochemical active sites. Consequently, the as-obtained MoS2/C nanospheres exhibit increased specific capacities at various rates with superior cycling stability compared to the MoS2/C floccules. It is reckoned that the present concept can be extended to other electrode materials for achieving high- rate and stable LIBs.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 51571005）.
文摘A general method is proposed to synthesize ultrafine nanoporous Cu, Ag, and Ni with novel sponge-like morphologies, high porosities, and large surface areas. The materials are produced by dealloying Mgc~/IzsY10 （M = Cu, Ag, and Ni） metallic glasses in citric acid. Citric acid played a key role due to its capping effect, which reduced the surface diffusion of metals. A structural model consistent with the sponge-like morphology was constructed to calculate the porosity and the surface area. The mechanism of the dealloying process in citric acid, involving ligament formation and coarsening, was illustrated. The mechanism was capable of explaining the experimental trends of dealloying, especially the morphology. A glucose sensor, which can be further developed into a high-precision real-time glucose monitor for medical use, was constructed using sponge-like nanoporous copper. Our findings are not only relevant to understanding the dealloying mechanism of metallic glasses, but also provide promising materials for multiple applications.
文摘Previously we reported the synthesis of novel organic-inorganic compo- site indium tin oxide （ITO） foam precursor leading to the formation of ＂sponge-like＂ ITO by burning away the organics, This newly made sponge-like ITO possesses relatively high electrical conductivity due to phonon confinement with reasonable pore structure and may have potential application as functional materials in semiconducting dye absorbing layer in dye-sensitized solar cell （DSSC） and also as the receptor of electrons injected from the quantum dots （QDs） of organic-inorganic hybrid QD based solar cell. This report is a short review of ＂sponge-like＂ ITO described as a lecture note on its future use as an alternative new prospective material for photoanode of solar cell in the domain of sustainable energy,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51872070)。
文摘A series of MnM/palygorskite(PG)(M=La,W,Mo,Sb,Mg)catalysts was prepared by the wetness co-impregnation method for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction(SCR)of NO with NH_3.Conversion efficiency followed the order Sb>Mo>La>W>Mg.A combination of various physico-chemical techniques was used to investigate the influence of Sb-modified Mn/PG catalysts.MnSb_(0.156)/PG catalyst showed highest NO conversion at low temperatures in the presence of SO_(2) which reveals that addition of Sb oxides effectively enhances the SCR activity of catalysts.A SO_(2) step-wise study showed that MnSb_(0.156)/PG catalyst displays higher durable resistance to SO_(2) than Mn/PG catalyst,where the sulfating of active phase is greatly inhibited after Sb doping.Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction results showed that Sb loading enhances the dispersion of Mn oxides on the carrier surface.According to the results of characterization analyses,it is suggested that the main reason for the deactivation of Mn/PG is the formation of manganese sulfates which cause the permanent deactivation of Mn-based catalysts.For Sb-doped Mn/PG catalyst,SO_(x) ad-species formed were mainly combined with SbO_(x) rather than MnO_(x).This preferential interaction between SbO_(x) and SO_(2) effectively shields the MnO_(x) as active species from being sulfated by SO_(2) resulting in the improvement of SO_(2) tolerance on Sb-added catalyst.Multiple information support that,owing to the addition of Sb,original formed MnO_(x) crystallite has been completely transformed into highly dispersed amorphous phase accounting for higher SCR activity.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(18JCZDJC37200)Tianjin University of Science&Technology Innovation Fund(2014CXLG11)+2 种基金Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry(201404)Yangtze Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(IRT-17R81)Innovative Research Team of Tianjin Municipal Education Commission(TD13-5008)。
文摘Polyphenylsulfone(PPSU)ultrafiltration membrane with different structures was prepared by nonsolvent-induced phase separation.The effects of coagulation bath conditions(concentration and temperature)on membrane morphology,pure water flux,pore size,porosity,and contact angle were studied and discussed based on ternary-phase diagrams.Results indicated that water had stronger coagulant power than ethanol,and that the morphology of the membrane prepared from the polyphenylsulfone/1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone/H_(2)O(PPSU/NMP/H_(2)O)system had finger-like structures.Conversely,sponge-like structures were observed for the PPSU/NMP/(NMP-H_(2)O)and PPSU/NMP/(70 NMP-EtOH-H_(2)O)systems.Ethanol also greatly influenced on membrane structures.According to the Scanning electronic microscopy(SEM)image,the composition(mass fraction)of casting solution is 16%PPSU-84%NMP and the coagulation bath consisting of 70%NMP-26%H_(2)O-4%C_(2)H_(5)OH.Meanwhile,the PPSU ultrafiltration membrane with spong-like was prepared under 8℃coagulation bath.The formation of sponge-like structure reduces the pure water flux of ppsu membrane from 488.39 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1)to 36.04 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).It also reduces the gas permeability,porosity,and pore size of the membrane.The addition of ethanol and NMP into the coagulation bath increases the roughness of the PPSU ultrafiltration membrane and reduces the hydrophilicity of the membrane.
