Caspases,which play key roles in cell apoptosis,undergo alternative splicing to form different splicing variants that can regulate the apoptotic process.Lepidopteran insect caspases undergo alternative splicing,althou...Caspases,which play key roles in cell apoptosis,undergo alternative splicing to form different splicing variants that can regulate the apoptotic process.Lepidopteran insect caspases undergo alternative splicing,although the functions of their splicing variants are still unclear.The Spodoptera exigua caspase-5(SeCaspase-5)gene was cloned and found to produce four different splicing variants with different gene sequences and protein functional domains,which were named SeCaspase-5a,SeCaspase-5b,SeCaspase-5c and SeCaspase-5d.Overexpression of these variants in S.exigua cells(Se-3)showed that SeCaspase-5a had a proapoptotic function,whereas SeCaspase-5b,SeCaspase-5c and SeCaspase-5d did not.Semi-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of the SeCaspase-5 variants significantly differed during Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(AcMNPV)infection.Furthermore,the SeCaspase-5 variants were constructed into the AcMNPV bacmid and transfected into Se-3 cells,which revealed that SeCaspase-5a promoted cell apoptosis and reduced virus production,whereas SeCaspase-5b,SeCaspase-5c and SeCaspase-5d did not promote cell apoptosis but instead increased virus production.Moreover,an analysis of the interactions between the SeCaspase-5 variants revealed that SeCaspase-5a directly interacted with SeCaspase-5b,SeCaspase-5c and SeCaspase-5d.Coexpression of these variants in Se-3 cells also revealed that SeCaspase-5b,SeCaspase-5c and SeCaspase-5d inhibited the proapoptotic function of SeCaspase-5a,resulting in a reduction in the percentage of apoptotic cells by about 20%.These results indicate that SeCaspase-5 undergoes alternative splicing and is involved in regulating the apoptosis induced by baculovirus infection.These findings increase our understanding of the functions of lepidopteran insect caspases and provide new insights into the mechanism of host-cell apoptosis induced by baculoviruses.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to learn the resistance of different tissues and organs of transgenic cotton to Spodoptera exigua （Hbner）. [Method] Flowers,the 1st,the 3rd,the 6th and the 14th leaves from the top of 33B,GK1...[Objective] The aim was to learn the resistance of different tissues and organs of transgenic cotton to Spodoptera exigua （Hbner）. [Method] Flowers,the 1st,the 3rd,the 6th and the 14th leaves from the top of 33B,GK12 and SGK321 were used to feed S. exigua neonates respectively. Survival larvae and dead ones were counted on the 3rd,the 7th,the 10th,the 16th and the 19th day; meanwhile,the pupae amount was recorded,and the pupae weight was measured at the 24th h after pupation. [Result] The survival curves,pupation rates and pupae weights of S. exigua feeding on different tissues of transgenic cotton were not significantly different from those of S. exigua feeding on the corresponding tissues of conventional cotton; pupation rate of S. exigua feeding on different leaves of the same cotton variety were not significantly different from each other,but all higher than that of S. exigua feeding on the flowers of that cotton; and there were no differences among pupation weights of S. exigua feeding on different leaves or flowers of the same cotton variety. [Conclusion] Transgenic cotton showed weak resistance to S. exigua. Hence,in the transgenic cotton fields,more attention should be paid to occurrence trend of S. exigua and its control.展开更多
[Objective ]The aim of this study was to improve the photostability of pho-tosensitizers. [Method] 2,5-Diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene were synthesized by replacing thiophene rings of α-terthienyl...[Objective ]The aim of this study was to improve the photostability of pho-tosensitizers. [Method] 2,5-Diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene were synthesized by replacing thiophene rings of α-terthienyl （α-T） with benzene rings. Photoactivated activities on Spodoptera litura （SL） cells, singlet oxygen with UV and photostability of photosensitizers were investigated. [Result] The cytotoxicity of pho-tosensitizer 2,5-diphenylthiophene on SL cells was 0.22 and 0.16 μg/ml after treat-ment for 24 and 48 h, respectively, while that of 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene on SL cells was 0.06 and 0.04 μg/ml. Singlet oxygen of 2,5-diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene was 1.047 5, 1.529 4 μg/mmol under UV, respectively. Degradation dynamic equations of 2,5-diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthio-phene in methanol were Ct= 5.227 1e-0.006 1t, Ct= 5.084 2e-0.097 3t and half life was 111.79, 7.12 h. [Conclusion] Photosensitizer 2,5-diphenylthiophene has high singlet oxygen production ability, and high photoactivated cytotoxicity on SL cells under UV. Moreover, 2,5-diphenylthiophene has overcome the deficiency of photoactivated in-secticides, which is not applied directly in field because it degrades quickly in the environment.展开更多
[Objective] The study was aimed to determine and evaluate control effect and security of 20% tebufenozide SC against Spodoptera exigua HObner, which would provide technical support for its promotion and utilization. [...[Objective] The study was aimed to determine and evaluate control effect and security of 20% tebufenozide SC against Spodoptera exigua HObner, which would provide technical support for its promotion and utilization. [ Method] By using foliar spray method, control effects of different concentration of 20% tebufenozide SC and 25 g/L deltamethrin EC against S. exigua were determined. [ Result] 20% tebufenozide SC had better control effects on S. exigua. After spraying for 3 and 7 d, control effects of 20% tebufenozide SC in each treatment could reach 81% and 84%, which was higher than 25 g/L deltamethdn EC treatment. [ Conclusion] 20% tebufenozide SC for controlling S. exigua had good effect, which had permanent effectiveness for over 7 d. It also caused less environmental pollution, and was safe to cabbage, being the ideal pesticide for controlling S. exigua in vegetables.展开更多
The laboratory bioassay and field control efficacy of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus（Spli NPV） Chenzhou strain were preliminarily examined. The efficient artificial propagation method was to feed the host la...The laboratory bioassay and field control efficacy of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus（Spli NPV） Chenzhou strain were preliminarily examined. The efficient artificial propagation method was to feed the host larvae with virus suspension,and the average mortality of the insects was 65.0%. The death peak of the pests appeared 4-8 d after virus infection. The high temperature, high humidity and poor light could help the virus infection and propagation. Filed control efficacy of Chenzhou strain was 86.6% in laboratory, which was better than of another commercial strain. The corrected control efficacy of this strain was 88.4% the field, which was higher than that of avermectin pesticide significantly. It was detected that the occlusion body（OB） concentration of the initial virus＇ s stock solution was 1.03×1011OBs/ml,and it was a strong SpliNPV strain, as it showed an excellent efficacy to control the pest Spodoptera litura, and thus there will be a good prospect of application and development of this SpliNPV strain.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to promote using synthetic sex pheromone lures to control tobacco cutworm moth（Spodoptera litura Fabricius） .[Method] Three layers of pheromone traps for S.litura were set in the field at t...[Objective] The paper was to promote using synthetic sex pheromone lures to control tobacco cutworm moth（Spodoptera litura Fabricius） .[Method] Three layers of pheromone traps for S.litura were set in the field at the density of 26 m×26 m（one trap/676 m2） to carry out field control test.[Result] The amount of egg massed reduced by 62.16% after trapping by sex pheromone under the density,and the larvae population was equivalent to those in the conventional control field with pesticides,the control effect was continuous,stable and significant.The larger the control area was,the better the effect was.[Conclusion] Using sex pheromone could effectively control S.litura and reduce pesticide usage for over 80% with economic,safe and efficient features,which should be incorporated into the technical control system of S.litura.展开更多
Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(SfMNPV),belonging to the species Alphabaculovirus spofrugiperdae,has been recently registered as an insecticide in China.This virus has a specific effect on the glob...Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(SfMNPV),belonging to the species Alphabaculovirus spofrugiperdae,has been recently registered as an insecticide in China.This virus has a specific effect on the global major agricultural pest Spodoptera frugiperda.To gain insights into viral infection,replication processes,and the complex formation of viral particles,in vitro studies using cell lines are essential tools.Although the IPLB-Sf9 and IPLB-Sf21 cell lines derived from S.frugiperda are widely used for studies on the infection and replication mechanisms of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(AcMNPV),their capacity to produce viral polyhedra after SfMNPV infection is not optimal.To address this limitation,a novel cell line named IOZCAS-Sf-1 was developed from a S.frugiperda population in Yunnan,China.The mitochondrial COX1 gene analysis confirmed the species origin of the IOZCAS-Sf-1 cell line.Furthermore,a comparative study was carried out to contrast the COX1 gene sequence of this novel cell line with that of IPLB-Sf9,highlighting the distinctions between the two.Importantly,the IOZCAS-Sf-1 cells exhibited a remarkable ability to generate polyhedra when infected with AcMNPV and SfMNPV,respectively.Consequently,this cellular lineage is considered a promising and valuable resource.It serves not only to investigate the molecular mechanisms of viral replication and its impact on host cells,but also to explore the transfection efficiency of SfMNPV DNA.This exploration further expands into its potential application in recombinant DNA experiments,laying a theoretical groundwork for the advancement of more effective biopesticides and sustainable agricultural practices.展开更多
The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most damaging crop pests,and it has become major threat to the food security of many countries.In order to monitor possible invasion of this pest into China,a...The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most damaging crop pests,and it has become major threat to the food security of many countries.In order to monitor possible invasion of this pest into China,a searchlight trap was established in March 2018 in western Yunnan Province,China,where it has served as the"first station"for many pests that have migrated from Myanmar to China.A number of suspected FAW moths were captured and identified by DNA sequencing.The results showed that the FAW moth was first captured on December 11 and formed its first immigration peak in mid-December 2018.DNA detection revealed that the early invading FAW population was the"corn-strain".The field survey indicated that the pest mainly colonized corn in Pu’er,Dehong and Baoshan areas.Migration trajectory simulation implied that the moths might have mainly come from the eastern area in the mid-latitude region of Myanmar(20-25°N,94-100°E).This case study confirmed the first immigration of FAW into China,and will be helpful for guiding monitoring and management work to control this pest.展开更多
The beet armyworm,Spodoptera exigua （Lepidoptera：Noctuidae）,is an economically important pest of crops worldwide,attacking plants from over 20 families including trans-continental agricultural cotton,corn and citru...The beet armyworm,Spodoptera exigua （Lepidoptera：Noctuidae）,is an economically important pest of crops worldwide,attacking plants from over 20 families including trans-continental agricultural cotton,corn and citrus crops.In this study,performance and subsequent enzyme activity of beet armyworm reared on host plants from five families were investigated.Significant differences were found in development,fecundity and enzyme activity on different host plants.Survival rate was the highest （42.8%） on asparagus lettuce （Lactuca sativar var.asparagina） and the lowest （17.0%） on sweet pepper （Capsicum annuum）.Larval duration was the shortest on asparagus lettuce （12.0 d）,and was 43.4% longer on sweet peppers （21.2 d）.The activity of acetylcholine esterase （AChE） and carboxylesterase （CarE） in 3rd instar larvae,and soluble carbohydrate and crude protein contents in different host plants were determined.AChE activity was the highest in the larvae feeding on Chinese cabbage （Brassica rapa）,but declined by nearly 60% on maize （Zea mays） seedlings.The ratio of soluble carbohydrate content to crude protein content in host plants was found to have a positive effect on oviposition and a negative correlation with larval duration and life time （from larval to adult stages） of the insect.展开更多
The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),a notorious migratory pest native to tropical and subtropical America,invaded China in December 2018,then spread through 26 provinces(auto...The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),a notorious migratory pest native to tropical and subtropical America,invaded China in December 2018,then spread through 26 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)in 2019 and 27 in 2020,damaging 1.125 and 1.278 million hectares of crops,respectively.Maize was the most severely affected crop,although wheat and other plants were also ruined.Considering the biological characteristics,incidence regularity and migration patterns of the FAW populations,Chinese government implemented a regional control strategy and divided the areas infested with FAW into the annual breeding grounds in Southwest and South China,the transitional migration area in Jiangnan and Jianghuai and the key preventive area in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and North China.The National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center constructed"the National Information Platform for the Prevention and Control of the Fall Armyworm"at the county level,which would entail people reporting and mapping the spread of fall armyworm.According to forecasting information,millions of extension workers and small-scale growers in entire country were rallied by local governments to fight the pest through comprehensive control tactics including chemical,physical,biological and ecological measures.Thanks to the joint prevention and control,the final loss of crops infested was controlled within 5%of the total in 2019 and 2020.This review also gives a discussion on existing problems and future management scenarios.展开更多
Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） are effective biological insecticides against certain insect species.In this study,bioassay results indicated that Cry1B and Cry1C were toxic to Spodoptera exigua.We...Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） are effective biological insecticides against certain insect species.In this study,bioassay results indicated that Cry1B and Cry1C were toxic to Spodoptera exigua.We also identified a cadherin-like gene in S.exigua that could enhance the toxicity of Cry1B and Cry1C.The cadherin-like gene identified from the larvae midgut tissue was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） and rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）.The full-length cDNA of the gene consisted of 5 220 bp encoding 1 740 amino acid with a predicted molecular mass of 196 kD.BLAST search analysis showed that the predicted amino acid sequence had a high sequence identity to the published sequences of cadherin-like proteins from other Lepidoptera insects.Spatial expression of the cadherin-like gene detected by qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the cadherin-like gene was mainly present in the gut of 4th instar larvae and during different life stages.The results suggested that the commercial development of this synergist has the potential to enhance Cry1B and Cry1C toxicity against Lepidoptera insects.展开更多
Fall armyworm has invaded China and colonized its populations in tropical and sub-tropical regions of South China since December 2018.Chemical spray has been widely used to control the pest,which shall lead to resista...Fall armyworm has invaded China and colonized its populations in tropical and sub-tropical regions of South China since December 2018.Chemical spray has been widely used to control the pest,which shall lead to resistance evolution.In this research,we collected five populations of the pest from Yunnan,Hainan,Tibet,and Fujian of China,and tested their susceptibilities to pyrethroid,organophosphorus,oxadiazine,diamide,antibiotics and other types of insecticides(14 insecticides totally)in the laboratory.Based on the susceptible baseline published from the previous studies,the resistance ratio was 615-1068-fold to chlorpyrifos,60-388-fold to spinosad,26-317-fold to lambda-cyhalothrin,13-29-fold to malathion,9-33-fold to fenvalerate,8-20-fold to deltamethrin,3-8-fold to emamectin benzoate and 1-2-fold to chlorantraniliprole,respectively.The median lethal concentration(LC_(50))of other six insecticides without the susceptible baselines was 148.27-220.96μgmL^(-1) for beta-cypermethrin,87.03-128.43μgmL^(-1) for chlorfenapyr,16.35-99.67μgmL^(-1) for indoxacarb,10.55-51.01μgmL^(-1) for phoxim,7.08-8.78μgmL^(-1) for M-EBI(the mixed insecticide of emamectin benzoate and indoxcarb)and 1.49-4.64μg mL^(-1) for cyantraniliprole.This study can be helpful for chemical control as well as for resistance monitoring and management of the pest in China.展开更多
The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith),is native to the Americas.It has rapidly invaded 47 African countries and 18 Asian countries since the first detection of invasion into Nigeria and Ghana in 2016...The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith),is native to the Americas.It has rapidly invaded 47 African countries and 18 Asian countries since the first detection of invasion into Nigeria and Ghana in 2016.It is regarded as a super pest based on its host range(at least 353 host plants),its inherent ability to survive in a wide range of habitats,its strong migration ability,high fecundity,rapid development of resistance to insecticides/viruses and its gluttonous characteristics.The inherently superior biological characteristics of FAW contribute to its invasiveness.Integrated pest management(IPM)of FAW has relied on multiple applications of monitoring and scouting,agricultural control,chemical pesticides,viral insecticides,sex attractants,bio-control agents(parasitoids,predators and entomopathogens)and botanicals.Knowledge gaps remain to be filled to:(1)understand the invasive mechanisms of S.frugiperda;(2)understand how to prevent its further spread and(3)provide better management strategies.This review summarizes the biological characters of FAW,their association with its invasiveness and IPM strategies,which may provide further insights for future management.展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202393)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2021QC190)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Benefiting the People Demonstration Project of Qingdao,China(24-1-8-xdny-10-nsh)the Qingdao Agricultural University High-level Talent Fund,China(663/1120101)。
文摘Caspases,which play key roles in cell apoptosis,undergo alternative splicing to form different splicing variants that can regulate the apoptotic process.Lepidopteran insect caspases undergo alternative splicing,although the functions of their splicing variants are still unclear.The Spodoptera exigua caspase-5(SeCaspase-5)gene was cloned and found to produce four different splicing variants with different gene sequences and protein functional domains,which were named SeCaspase-5a,SeCaspase-5b,SeCaspase-5c and SeCaspase-5d.Overexpression of these variants in S.exigua cells(Se-3)showed that SeCaspase-5a had a proapoptotic function,whereas SeCaspase-5b,SeCaspase-5c and SeCaspase-5d did not.Semi-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression of the SeCaspase-5 variants significantly differed during Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(AcMNPV)infection.Furthermore,the SeCaspase-5 variants were constructed into the AcMNPV bacmid and transfected into Se-3 cells,which revealed that SeCaspase-5a promoted cell apoptosis and reduced virus production,whereas SeCaspase-5b,SeCaspase-5c and SeCaspase-5d did not promote cell apoptosis but instead increased virus production.Moreover,an analysis of the interactions between the SeCaspase-5 variants revealed that SeCaspase-5a directly interacted with SeCaspase-5b,SeCaspase-5c and SeCaspase-5d.Coexpression of these variants in Se-3 cells also revealed that SeCaspase-5b,SeCaspase-5c and SeCaspase-5d inhibited the proapoptotic function of SeCaspase-5a,resulting in a reduction in the percentage of apoptotic cells by about 20%.These results indicate that SeCaspase-5 undergoes alternative splicing and is involved in regulating the apoptosis induced by baculovirus infection.These findings increase our understanding of the functions of lepidopteran insect caspases and provide new insights into the mechanism of host-cell apoptosis induced by baculoviruses.
基金Supported by National Transgenic Major Project ( Safe Monitoring Technique of Transgenic Organism 2008ZX08012-004)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to learn the resistance of different tissues and organs of transgenic cotton to Spodoptera exigua （Hbner）. [Method] Flowers,the 1st,the 3rd,the 6th and the 14th leaves from the top of 33B,GK12 and SGK321 were used to feed S. exigua neonates respectively. Survival larvae and dead ones were counted on the 3rd,the 7th,the 10th,the 16th and the 19th day; meanwhile,the pupae amount was recorded,and the pupae weight was measured at the 24th h after pupation. [Result] The survival curves,pupation rates and pupae weights of S. exigua feeding on different tissues of transgenic cotton were not significantly different from those of S. exigua feeding on the corresponding tissues of conventional cotton; pupation rate of S. exigua feeding on different leaves of the same cotton variety were not significantly different from each other,but all higher than that of S. exigua feeding on the flowers of that cotton; and there were no differences among pupation weights of S. exigua feeding on different leaves or flowers of the same cotton variety. [Conclusion] Transgenic cotton showed weak resistance to S. exigua. Hence,in the transgenic cotton fields,more attention should be paid to occurrence trend of S. exigua and its control.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province(Agricultural Project)(BE2012346)Science and Technology Projects for Social Development of Yangzhou City,China(2012110)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(13KJB210010)~~
文摘[Objective ]The aim of this study was to improve the photostability of pho-tosensitizers. [Method] 2,5-Diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene were synthesized by replacing thiophene rings of α-terthienyl （α-T） with benzene rings. Photoactivated activities on Spodoptera litura （SL） cells, singlet oxygen with UV and photostability of photosensitizers were investigated. [Result] The cytotoxicity of pho-tosensitizer 2,5-diphenylthiophene on SL cells was 0.22 and 0.16 μg/ml after treat-ment for 24 and 48 h, respectively, while that of 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene on SL cells was 0.06 and 0.04 μg/ml. Singlet oxygen of 2,5-diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthiophene was 1.047 5, 1.529 4 μg/mmol under UV, respectively. Degradation dynamic equations of 2,5-diphenylthiophene and 2,5-dithienylethynylthio-phene in methanol were Ct= 5.227 1e-0.006 1t, Ct= 5.084 2e-0.097 3t and half life was 111.79, 7.12 h. [Conclusion] Photosensitizer 2,5-diphenylthiophene has high singlet oxygen production ability, and high photoactivated cytotoxicity on SL cells under UV. Moreover, 2,5-diphenylthiophene has overcome the deficiency of photoactivated in-secticides, which is not applied directly in field because it degrades quickly in the environment.
基金Supported by Hunan Nature Foundation(07JJ6055)Hunan Provincial Department of Education Foundation(07C362)Hunan Agricultural University Talent Foundation(2006WD026)~~
文摘[Objective] The study was aimed to determine and evaluate control effect and security of 20% tebufenozide SC against Spodoptera exigua HObner, which would provide technical support for its promotion and utilization. [ Method] By using foliar spray method, control effects of different concentration of 20% tebufenozide SC and 25 g/L deltamethrin EC against S. exigua were determined. [ Result] 20% tebufenozide SC had better control effects on S. exigua. After spraying for 3 and 7 d, control effects of 20% tebufenozide SC in each treatment could reach 81% and 84%, which was higher than 25 g/L deltamethdn EC treatment. [ Conclusion] 20% tebufenozide SC for controlling S. exigua had good effect, which had permanent effectiveness for over 7 d. It also caused less environmental pollution, and was safe to cabbage, being the ideal pesticide for controlling S. exigua in vegetables.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Achievement Transformation Fund of Changsha Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(K1301004-21)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31101460)Science and Technology Fund of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co.,Ltd.(09-11Aa30)~~
文摘The laboratory bioassay and field control efficacy of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus（Spli NPV） Chenzhou strain were preliminarily examined. The efficient artificial propagation method was to feed the host larvae with virus suspension,and the average mortality of the insects was 65.0%. The death peak of the pests appeared 4-8 d after virus infection. The high temperature, high humidity and poor light could help the virus infection and propagation. Filed control efficacy of Chenzhou strain was 86.6% in laboratory, which was better than of another commercial strain. The corrected control efficacy of this strain was 88.4% the field, which was higher than that of avermectin pesticide significantly. It was detected that the occlusion body（OB） concentration of the initial virus＇ s stock solution was 1.03×1011OBs/ml,and it was a strong SpliNPV strain, as it showed an excellent efficacy to control the pest Spodoptera litura, and thus there will be a good prospect of application and development of this SpliNPV strain.
基金Supported by Project in Yunnan Branch of China National Tobacco Company(2010YN77)~~
文摘[Objective] The paper was to promote using synthetic sex pheromone lures to control tobacco cutworm moth（Spodoptera litura Fabricius） .[Method] Three layers of pheromone traps for S.litura were set in the field at the density of 26 m×26 m（one trap/676 m2） to carry out field control test.[Result] The amount of egg massed reduced by 62.16% after trapping by sex pheromone under the density,and the larvae population was equivalent to those in the conventional control field with pesticides,the control effect was continuous,stable and significant.The larger the control area was,the better the effect was.[Conclusion] Using sex pheromone could effectively control S.litura and reduce pesticide usage for over 80% with economic,safe and efficient features,which should be incorporated into the technical control system of S.litura.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant number 2022YFD1400700)Initiative Scientific Research Program,Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant number 2023IOZ010).
文摘Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(SfMNPV),belonging to the species Alphabaculovirus spofrugiperdae,has been recently registered as an insecticide in China.This virus has a specific effect on the global major agricultural pest Spodoptera frugiperda.To gain insights into viral infection,replication processes,and the complex formation of viral particles,in vitro studies using cell lines are essential tools.Although the IPLB-Sf9 and IPLB-Sf21 cell lines derived from S.frugiperda are widely used for studies on the infection and replication mechanisms of Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus(AcMNPV),their capacity to produce viral polyhedra after SfMNPV infection is not optimal.To address this limitation,a novel cell line named IOZCAS-Sf-1 was developed from a S.frugiperda population in Yunnan,China.The mitochondrial COX1 gene analysis confirmed the species origin of the IOZCAS-Sf-1 cell line.Furthermore,a comparative study was carried out to contrast the COX1 gene sequence of this novel cell line with that of IPLB-Sf9,highlighting the distinctions between the two.Importantly,the IOZCAS-Sf-1 cells exhibited a remarkable ability to generate polyhedra when infected with AcMNPV and SfMNPV,respectively.Consequently,this cellular lineage is considered a promising and valuable resource.It serves not only to investigate the molecular mechanisms of viral replication and its impact on host cells,but also to explore the transfection efficiency of SfMNPV DNA.This exploration further expands into its potential application in recombinant DNA experiments,laying a theoretical groundwork for the advancement of more effective biopesticides and sustainable agricultural practices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31727901)。
文摘The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the most damaging crop pests,and it has become major threat to the food security of many countries.In order to monitor possible invasion of this pest into China,a searchlight trap was established in March 2018 in western Yunnan Province,China,where it has served as the"first station"for many pests that have migrated from Myanmar to China.A number of suspected FAW moths were captured and identified by DNA sequencing.The results showed that the FAW moth was first captured on December 11 and formed its first immigration peak in mid-December 2018.DNA detection revealed that the early invading FAW population was the"corn-strain".The field survey indicated that the pest mainly colonized corn in Pu’er,Dehong and Baoshan areas.Migration trajectory simulation implied that the moths might have mainly come from the eastern area in the mid-latitude region of Myanmar(20-25°N,94-100°E).This case study confirmed the first immigration of FAW into China,and will be helpful for guiding monitoring and management work to control this pest.
基金supported by the Chongqing Science & Technology Commission,China (2005BA1014)the Chongqing Education Commission,China (KJ060302)
文摘The beet armyworm,Spodoptera exigua （Lepidoptera：Noctuidae）,is an economically important pest of crops worldwide,attacking plants from over 20 families including trans-continental agricultural cotton,corn and citrus crops.In this study,performance and subsequent enzyme activity of beet armyworm reared on host plants from five families were investigated.Significant differences were found in development,fecundity and enzyme activity on different host plants.Survival rate was the highest （42.8%） on asparagus lettuce （Lactuca sativar var.asparagina） and the lowest （17.0%） on sweet pepper （Capsicum annuum）.Larval duration was the shortest on asparagus lettuce （12.0 d）,and was 43.4% longer on sweet peppers （21.2 d）.The activity of acetylcholine esterase （AChE） and carboxylesterase （CarE） in 3rd instar larvae,and soluble carbohydrate and crude protein contents in different host plants were determined.AChE activity was the highest in the larvae feeding on Chinese cabbage （Brassica rapa）,but declined by nearly 60% on maize （Zea mays） seedlings.The ratio of soluble carbohydrate content to crude protein content in host plants was found to have a positive effect on oviposition and a negative correlation with larval duration and life time （from larval to adult stages） of the insect.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0300102)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(CAASZDRW202007)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-19)。
文摘The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae),a notorious migratory pest native to tropical and subtropical America,invaded China in December 2018,then spread through 26 provinces(autonomous regions,municipalities)in 2019 and 27 in 2020,damaging 1.125 and 1.278 million hectares of crops,respectively.Maize was the most severely affected crop,although wheat and other plants were also ruined.Considering the biological characteristics,incidence regularity and migration patterns of the FAW populations,Chinese government implemented a regional control strategy and divided the areas infested with FAW into the annual breeding grounds in Southwest and South China,the transitional migration area in Jiangnan and Jianghuai and the key preventive area in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and North China.The National Agro-Tech Extension and Service Center constructed"the National Information Platform for the Prevention and Control of the Fall Armyworm"at the county level,which would entail people reporting and mapping the spread of fall armyworm.According to forecasting information,millions of extension workers and small-scale growers in entire country were rallied by local governments to fight the pest through comprehensive control tactics including chemical,physical,biological and ecological measures.Thanks to the joint prevention and control,the final loss of crops infested was controlled within 5%of the total in 2019 and 2020.This review also gives a discussion on existing problems and future management scenarios.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB114104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31071694 and 31171858)
文摘Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis（Bt） are effective biological insecticides against certain insect species.In this study,bioassay results indicated that Cry1B and Cry1C were toxic to Spodoptera exigua.We also identified a cadherin-like gene in S.exigua that could enhance the toxicity of Cry1B and Cry1C.The cadherin-like gene identified from the larvae midgut tissue was cloned by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR） and rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE）.The full-length cDNA of the gene consisted of 5 220 bp encoding 1 740 amino acid with a predicted molecular mass of 196 kD.BLAST search analysis showed that the predicted amino acid sequence had a high sequence identity to the published sequences of cadherin-like proteins from other Lepidoptera insects.Spatial expression of the cadherin-like gene detected by qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the cadherin-like gene was mainly present in the gut of 4th instar larvae and during different life stages.The results suggested that the commercial development of this synergist has the potential to enhance Cry1B and Cry1C toxicity against Lepidoptera insects.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD0300101)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund,China(CAAS-ZDRW202007)。
文摘Fall armyworm has invaded China and colonized its populations in tropical and sub-tropical regions of South China since December 2018.Chemical spray has been widely used to control the pest,which shall lead to resistance evolution.In this research,we collected five populations of the pest from Yunnan,Hainan,Tibet,and Fujian of China,and tested their susceptibilities to pyrethroid,organophosphorus,oxadiazine,diamide,antibiotics and other types of insecticides(14 insecticides totally)in the laboratory.Based on the susceptible baseline published from the previous studies,the resistance ratio was 615-1068-fold to chlorpyrifos,60-388-fold to spinosad,26-317-fold to lambda-cyhalothrin,13-29-fold to malathion,9-33-fold to fenvalerate,8-20-fold to deltamethrin,3-8-fold to emamectin benzoate and 1-2-fold to chlorantraniliprole,respectively.The median lethal concentration(LC_(50))of other six insecticides without the susceptible baselines was 148.27-220.96μgmL^(-1) for beta-cypermethrin,87.03-128.43μgmL^(-1) for chlorfenapyr,16.35-99.67μgmL^(-1) for indoxacarb,10.55-51.01μgmL^(-1) for phoxim,7.08-8.78μgmL^(-1) for M-EBI(the mixed insecticide of emamectin benzoate and indoxcarb)and 1.49-4.64μg mL^(-1) for cyantraniliprole.This study can be helpful for chemical control as well as for resistance monitoring and management of the pest in China.
基金supported by the Australia-China Joint Center for the PreventionManagement of Exotic Invasive Species,the Harry Butler Institute,Murdoch University,WA,Australiathe Shenzhen Science and Technology Program,China(KQTD20180411143628272)。
文摘The fall armyworm(FAW),Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith),is native to the Americas.It has rapidly invaded 47 African countries and 18 Asian countries since the first detection of invasion into Nigeria and Ghana in 2016.It is regarded as a super pest based on its host range(at least 353 host plants),its inherent ability to survive in a wide range of habitats,its strong migration ability,high fecundity,rapid development of resistance to insecticides/viruses and its gluttonous characteristics.The inherently superior biological characteristics of FAW contribute to its invasiveness.Integrated pest management(IPM)of FAW has relied on multiple applications of monitoring and scouting,agricultural control,chemical pesticides,viral insecticides,sex attractants,bio-control agents(parasitoids,predators and entomopathogens)and botanicals.Knowledge gaps remain to be filled to:(1)understand the invasive mechanisms of S.frugiperda;(2)understand how to prevent its further spread and(3)provide better management strategies.This review summarizes the biological characters of FAW,their association with its invasiveness and IPM strategies,which may provide further insights for future management.
