The living morphology and infraciliature of six spirotrichous ciliates collected from the coastal South China Sea were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation. These are Euplotes woodruffi Gaw, ...The living morphology and infraciliature of six spirotrichous ciliates collected from the coastal South China Sea were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation. These are Euplotes woodruffi Gaw, 1939, Hemigastrostyla enigmatica （Dragesco and Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986） Song and Wilbert, 1997, Neourostylopsis flavicana （Wang et al., 2011） Chen et al., 2013, Protogastrostyla pulchra （Perejaslawzewa, 1886） Gong et al., 2007, Pseudoamphisiella alveolata （Kahl, 1932） Song and Warren, 2000, and PseudokahlieUa marina （Foissner et al., 1982） Berger et al., 1985. Among these, Protogastrostyla pulchra, Pseudoamphisiella alveolata and PseudokahlieUa marina are reported from the South China Sea for the first time, which manifest obvious differences apart from other Chinese populations. As new contribution, the detailed description of isolates from mangrove habitat of E. woodruffi and 1t. enigmatica, and aquaculture pond isolate of N.flavicana, are present.展开更多
Determining and comparing mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)are essential for assessing the diversity and evolution of mitochondria.Ciliates are ancient and diverse unicellular eukaryotes,and thus are ideal models for...Determining and comparing mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)are essential for assessing the diversity and evolution of mitochondria.Ciliates are ancient and diverse unicellular eukaryotes,and thus are ideal models for elucidating the early evolution of mitochondria.Here,we report on six new mitogenomes of spirotrichs,a dominant ciliate group,and perform comparative analyses on 12 representative species.We show that:(1)the mitogenomes of spirotrichs are linear structures with high A+T contents(61.12-81.16%),bidirectional transcription,and extensive synteny(except for the nad5,ccmf and cob genes in Euplotia);(2)the non-split of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene(nad2)is a plesiomorphy of ciliates,whereas it has evolved into a split gene in Spirotrichea(apart from Euplotes taxa),Oligohymenophorea,and Armophorea;(3)the number of small subunit ribosomal proteins(rps)encoded in mitogenomes increases in the later branching classes of ciliates,whereas rps8 shows a loss trend during the evolution of Euplotes taxa;(4)the mitogenomes of spirotrichs exhibit A/T codon bias at the third position,and the codon bias is mainly due to DNA mutation in oligotrichs,hypotrichs and Diophrys appendiculata;(5)the phylogenetic position of D.appendiculata is unstable and controversial based on both phylogenetic analyses and mitogenome evidence.In summary,we investigated the mitogenome diversity of spirotrichs and broadened our understanding of the evolution of mitochondria in ciliates.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 31401954 and 41476144China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract Nos 2014M550378 and 2015T80753
文摘The living morphology and infraciliature of six spirotrichous ciliates collected from the coastal South China Sea were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation. These are Euplotes woodruffi Gaw, 1939, Hemigastrostyla enigmatica （Dragesco and Dragesco-Kerneis, 1986） Song and Wilbert, 1997, Neourostylopsis flavicana （Wang et al., 2011） Chen et al., 2013, Protogastrostyla pulchra （Perejaslawzewa, 1886） Gong et al., 2007, Pseudoamphisiella alveolata （Kahl, 1932） Song and Warren, 2000, and PseudokahlieUa marina （Foissner et al., 1982） Berger et al., 1985. Among these, Protogastrostyla pulchra, Pseudoamphisiella alveolata and PseudokahlieUa marina are reported from the South China Sea for the first time, which manifest obvious differences apart from other Chinese populations. As new contribution, the detailed description of isolates from mangrove habitat of E. woodruffi and 1t. enigmatica, and aquaculture pond isolate of N.flavicana, are present.
基金supported by the Laoshan Labo-ratory(No.LSKJ202203202)the Natural Science Foundation of China(32030015,32300386,32270558)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722019)US National Institutes of Health Grant(P40OD010964)a supporting project(RSP2024R10)at King Saud University,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Determining and comparing mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)are essential for assessing the diversity and evolution of mitochondria.Ciliates are ancient and diverse unicellular eukaryotes,and thus are ideal models for elucidating the early evolution of mitochondria.Here,we report on six new mitogenomes of spirotrichs,a dominant ciliate group,and perform comparative analyses on 12 representative species.We show that:(1)the mitogenomes of spirotrichs are linear structures with high A+T contents(61.12-81.16%),bidirectional transcription,and extensive synteny(except for the nad5,ccmf and cob genes in Euplotia);(2)the non-split of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene(nad2)is a plesiomorphy of ciliates,whereas it has evolved into a split gene in Spirotrichea(apart from Euplotes taxa),Oligohymenophorea,and Armophorea;(3)the number of small subunit ribosomal proteins(rps)encoded in mitogenomes increases in the later branching classes of ciliates,whereas rps8 shows a loss trend during the evolution of Euplotes taxa;(4)the mitogenomes of spirotrichs exhibit A/T codon bias at the third position,and the codon bias is mainly due to DNA mutation in oligotrichs,hypotrichs and Diophrys appendiculata;(5)the phylogenetic position of D.appendiculata is unstable and controversial based on both phylogenetic analyses and mitogenome evidence.In summary,we investigated the mitogenome diversity of spirotrichs and broadened our understanding of the evolution of mitochondria in ciliates.
