CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite solar cell has been extensively studied due to its exceptional thermal stability and relatively stable perovskite phase structure.However,the presence of bromine leads to a rapid crystallization...CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite solar cell has been extensively studied due to its exceptional thermal stability and relatively stable perovskite phase structure.However,the presence of bromine leads to a rapid crystallization rate of CsPbI_(2)Br films,resulting in small grain size and high defect density.Additionally,CsPbI_(2)Br demonstrates poor light absorption due to its wide bandgap.Therefore,it is crucial to control the crystallization rate and increase the film thickness to reduce defect density,enhance light absorption,and improve photovoltaic performance.In this study,we utilized a PbAc_(2)-incorporated twice spincoating(PTS) process to address these issues.Initially,PbAc_(2) was added to the CsPbI_(2)Br precursor solution to form a CsPbI_(2)Br film,which was then coated with the CsPbI_(2)Br precursor solution to produce the PTS film,Ac^(-)can delay the perovskite crystallization,leading to the formation of thicker and denser CsPbI_(2)Br films.Moreover,lone-pair electrons of the oxygen atom provided by Ac^(-)formed coordination bonds with under-coordinated Pb~(2+) ions to fill halogen ion vacancies,thereby reducing the defect density.Ultimately,the PTS CsPbI_(2)Br device achieved a peak power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 16.19% and maintained 96.7% of its initial PCE over 1500 h at room temperature under 25% relative humidity without any encapsulation.展开更多
In this work,we propose a new spin-coating method coupling with high thermal decomposition,to prepare the tin-antimony（Sn-Sb） oxide electrode.The character of the spin-coating electrode was compared with the dip-coa...In this work,we propose a new spin-coating method coupling with high thermal decomposition,to prepare the tin-antimony（Sn-Sb） oxide electrode.The character of the spin-coating electrode was compared with the dip-coating electrode through X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,accelerated life test,cyclic voltammetry,and electrolytic degradability. The results showed that the spin-coating electrode had a better defined crystal form,a smoother and more compact surface than that of the dip-coating electrode.Service time of the spin-coating electrode was determined to be longer than 15 h,and it was less than 2 min for the dip-coating electrode.Electrochemical characterization analysis showed that the electrolytic degradability of the spin-coating electrode is better than that of the dip-coating electrode.展开更多
A new hybrid organic-inorganic structure of FTO/TiO2/Se/HTL/Au based selenium solar cell has been fabricated through a low-cost spin-coating process in air. In this process, selenium is completely dissolved in hydrazi...A new hybrid organic-inorganic structure of FTO/TiO2/Se/HTL/Au based selenium solar cell has been fabricated through a low-cost spin-coating process in air. In this process, selenium is completely dissolved in hydrazine, to fk）rm a homogeneous precursor solution. After spin-coating the precursor solution on the TiO2 substrates, following by sintering at 200 ℃ for 5rain, a uniform selenium film with crystalline grains is formed. The selenium based solar cell exhibits an efficiency of 1.23% under AM1.5 illumination （100 mW.cm-2）, short-circuit current density of 8 mA.cm 2, open-circuit voltage of 0.55 V, and fill factor of 0.37. Moreover, the device shows a stable ability with almost the same performance alter 60 days.展开更多
Transparent zinc oxide（ZnO） thin films are fabricated by a simple sol-gel spin-coating technique on glass substrates with different solution concentrations（0.3-1.2 M） using zinc acetate dehydrate [Zn（CH_3COO）_2&...Transparent zinc oxide（ZnO） thin films are fabricated by a simple sol-gel spin-coating technique on glass substrates with different solution concentrations（0.3-1.2 M） using zinc acetate dehydrate [Zn（CH_3COO）_2·2H_2O] as precursor and isopropanol and monoethanolamine（MEA） as solvent and stabilizer, respectively. The molar ratio of zinc acetate dehydrate to MEA is 1.0. X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy are employed to investigate the effect of solution concentration on the structural and optical properties of the ZnO thin films. The obtained results of all thin films are discussed in detail and are compared with other experimental data.展开更多
The lanthanum(Ⅲ) complex [Li(thf)_(3)(μ-CI)La{N(SiMe_(3))_(2)}_(3)](3) was obtained by the reaction of LaCl_(3) with three equiv of Li[N(SiMe_(3))_(2)]_(3) in a tetrahydrofuran solution. The molecular structure of _...The lanthanum(Ⅲ) complex [Li(thf)_(3)(μ-CI)La{N(SiMe_(3))_(2)}_(3)](3) was obtained by the reaction of LaCl_(3) with three equiv of Li[N(SiMe_(3))_(2)]_(3) in a tetrahydrofuran solution. The molecular structure of _(3) in the solid state was characterized by a tetracoordinated anionic lanthanide(Ⅲ) amide in form of an adduct with LiCl(thf)_(3) as evidenced by single crystal X-ray structure analysis. In order to study the suitability of _(3) as a precursor for the deposition of La_(2)O_(3)/LiLaSiO_(4) by thin layer deposition techniques,its thermal behavior was investigated by thermogravimetry(TG) and TG-MS-coupled studies. TG studies show a two-step decomposition process, whereby volatile decomposition products can be detected during the second decomposition step. TG measurements under an atmosphere of oxygen produced La_(2)O_(3), Calcination processes of 3 under ambient atmosphere for 10 h at 1000 ℃ gave La_(2)O_(3) and LiLaSiO_(4),which was confirmed by PXRD studies. Metal-organic 3 was applied as spin-coating precursor for La_(2)O_(3) thin film formation giving the as-deposited layers nearly crack-free.展开更多
The synthesis,structure and thermal behavior of [Y（dbm）3（H2 O）]（3）（dbm = 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propandionate） and its use as a spin-coating precursor for Y2 O3 deposition is reported. Complex 3 was prepared by the ...The synthesis,structure and thermal behavior of [Y（dbm）3（H2 O）]（3）（dbm = 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propandionate） and its use as a spin-coating precursor for Y2 O3 deposition is reported. Complex 3 was prepared by the reaction of [Y（NO3）3·6 H2 O]（1） with 3 equiv of Hdbm（2） in presence of NaOH. The molecular structure of 3 in the solid-state was determined by single X-ray crystal diffraction. Both C1 symmetric crystallographically independent species of 3 possess a YO7 coordination setup with minor deviation from an ideal capped octahedron coordination geometry（∧ enantiomer）. Complex 3 forms a1 D chain, due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the coordinated H2 O molecule and the 0 atom of the dbm ligand, respectively. The thermal decomposition behavior of 3 was investigated by thermogravimetric studies in the temperature range of 40-800 ℃ and 40-1300 ℃ under an oxygen and argon atmosphere, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction（PXRD） measurements of the residues confirmed the formation of Y2 O3. Complex 3 was applied as a spin-coating precursor for yttrium oxide film formation on either Si wafers with a continuous 100 nm thick SiO2 film, or with a native oxide layer.The as-deposited Y2 O3 layers are smooth, conformal, dense and transparent and are of a thickness of 27 and 30 nm, respectively.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the improvement of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) efficiency upon ZnO-coating of the TiO2 electrode. Sol-gel ZnO of controlled amount by varying the number of sol drops during spin-coati...This paper is concerned with the improvement of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) efficiency upon ZnO-coating of the TiO2 electrode. Sol-gel ZnO of controlled amount by varying the number of sol drops during spin-coating is shown to increase the DSSC efficiency. The highest efficiency is obtained at a single sol drop with enhancement of 40%, while beyond this amount the efficiency falls down sharply to zero. Based on measured optical absorption spectra of the different dye-loaded electrodes, it is concluded that this amount of ZnO sol corresponds to the thinnest layer that can create the energy barrier to minimize the electron recombination rate without seriously affecting the dye adsorption efficiency of the TiO2 film.展开更多
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with ZnO spin-coated TiO2 photo-electrodes are compared to DSSC with a bare TiO2 photo-electrode. It is demonstrated that the deposited ZnO of controlled amount, by varying the precu...Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with ZnO spin-coated TiO2 photo-electrodes are compared to DSSC with a bare TiO2 photo-electrode. It is demonstrated that the deposited ZnO of controlled amount, by varying the precursor concentration in the coating sol, can indeed enhance the performance of the DSSC. The measured power conversion efficiency shows a maximum around the precursor concentration 0.1 M and falls down sharply to 0% beyond this point. The results are interpreted on the basis of two competing factors: At ZnO concentrations less than 0.1 M, the formation of an energy barrier increases the photocurrent by reducing the rate of interfacial back-recombination. At ZnO concentrations greater than 0.1 M, the screening of the TiO2 film by thicker ZnO layers decreases the photocurrent through the reduction of TiO2 dye-adsorption efficiency.展开更多
Sidechain engineering as an efficient and convenient strategy has been widely used to optimize molecular structure of photovoltaic materials for boosting power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).He...Sidechain engineering as an efficient and convenient strategy has been widely used to optimize molecular structure of photovoltaic materials for boosting power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,a new Y-series acceptor named Y-Th Si with trialkylsilyl-substituted thiophene as conjugated sidechain is developed.Compared with its parental Y6 with multiple intermolecular interactions,Y-Th Si has a unitary molecular packing due to the additional steric hindrance from twodimensional(2D)-conjugated trialkylsilyl-thiophene.Therefore,Y-Th Si shows an obviously blue-shifted absorption with an onset of~850 nm but significantly up-shifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level.For the PM6:Y-Th Si pair,the spin-coating OSCs achieve a decent PCE of 14.56%with an impressively high photovoltage(V_(OC))of 0.936 V.Inspired by its high V_(OC)and narrow absorption,Y-Th Si is introduced into near-infrared absorbing binary PM6:BTP-eC9 host to construct ternary OSCs.Thanks to the complementary absorption,optimized morphology,and minimized energy loss properties,the PM6:BTP-e C9:Y-Th Si-based OSCs offer a higher PCE of 18.34%.Moreover,our developed strategy can overcome the commonly existed PCE drop when the blade-coating towards large-scale printing is used instead.Therefore,a comparable PCE of 18.34%is achieved,which is one of the best values for the blade-coating OSCs so far.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have garnered widespread interest in the scientific community and industry for their exceptional physical and chemistry properties,and great potential for appli...Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have garnered widespread interest in the scientific community and industry for their exceptional physical and chemistry properties,and great potential for applications in diverse fields including(opto)electronics,electrocatalysis,and energy storage.Chemical vapor deposition(CVD)is one of the most compelling growth methods for the scalable growth of high-quality 2D TMDs.However,the conventional CVD process for synthesis of 2D TMDs still encounters significant challenges,primarily attributed to the high melting point of precursor powders,and achieving a uniform distribution of precursor atmosphere on the substrate to obtain controllable smaple domains is difficult.The spin-coating precursor mediated chemical vapor deposition(SCVD)strategy provides refinement over traditional methods by eliminating the use of solid precursors and ensuring a more clean and uniform distribution of the growth material on the substrate.Additionally,the SCVD process allows fine-tuning of material thickness and purity by manipulating solution composition,concentration,and the spin coating process.This Review presents a comprehensive summary of recent advances in controllable growth of 2D TMDs with a SCVD strategy.First,a series of various liquid precursors,additives,source supply methods,and substrate engineering strategies for preparing atomically thin TMDs by SCVD are introduced.Then,2D TMDs heterostructures and novel doped TMDs fabricated through the SCVD method are discussed.Finally,the current challenges and perspectives to synthesize 2D TMDs using SCVD are discussed.展开更多
A novel two-step method is employed, for the first time, to fabricatc nonvolatile memory devices that have metal nanoerystals. First, size-averaged Au nanocrystals are synthesized chemically; second, they are assemble...A novel two-step method is employed, for the first time, to fabricatc nonvolatile memory devices that have metal nanoerystals. First, size-averaged Au nanocrystals are synthesized chemically; second, they are assembled into memory devices by a spin-coating technique at room temperature. This attractive approach makes it possible to tailor the diameter and control the density of nanocrystals individually. In addition, processes at room temperature prevent Au diffusion, which is a main concem for the application of metal nanocrystal-based memory. The experimental results, both the morphology characterization and the electrical measurements, reveal that there is an optimum density of nanocrystal monolayer to balance between long data retention and a large hysteresis memory window. At the same time, density-controllable devices could also feed the preferential emphasis on either memory window or retention time. All these facts confirm the advantages and novelty of our two-step method.展开更多
Polymer solar cells(PSCs) were fabricated by combining a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based terpolymer(PTBT-HTID-DPP) as the electron donor, and [6,6]-phenyl C_(61) butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(61)BM) as the electron accepto...Polymer solar cells(PSCs) were fabricated by combining a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based terpolymer(PTBT-HTID-DPP) as the electron donor, and [6,6]-phenyl C_(61) butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(61)BM) as the electron acceptor, and the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 4.31% has been achieved under AM 1.5 G(100 m W cm^(-2)) illumination condition via optimizing the polymer/PC_(61)BM ratio, the variety of solvent and the spin-coating speed. The impact of the spin-coating speed on the photovoltaic performance of the PSCs has been investigated by revealing the effects of the spin-coating speed on the morphology and the absorption spectra of the polymer/PC_(61)BM blend films. When the thickness of the blend films are adjusted by spin-coating a fixed concentration with different spin-coating speeds, the blend film prepared at a lower spin-coating speed shows a stronger absorption per unit thickness, and the correspond device shows higher IPCE value in the longer-wavelength region. Under the conditions of similar thickness, the blend film prepared at a lower spin-coating speed forms a more uniform microphase separation and smaller domain size which leads to a higher absorption intensity per unit thickness of the blend film in long wavenumber band, a larger short-circuit current density(J_(sc)) and a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE) of the PSC device. Noteworthily, it was found that spin-coating speed is not only a way to control the thickness of active layer but also an influencing factor on morphology and photovoltaic performance for the diketopyrrolopyrrole-based terpolymer.展开更多
An antireflection （AR） coating is fabricated by applying an optimal spin-coating method and a pH-modified SiO2 nanoparticle solution on a cover glass. Because the pH value of the solution will affect the aggregation...An antireflection （AR） coating is fabricated by applying an optimal spin-coating method and a pH-modified SiO2 nanoparticle solution on a cover glass. Because the pH value of the solution will affect the aggregation and dispersion of the SiO2 particles, the transmittance of the AR-treated cover glass will be enhanced under optimal fabricated conditions. The experimental results show that an AR coating fabricated by an SiO2 nano- particle solution of pH 11 enhances the transmittance approximately by 3% and 5% under normal and oblique incident conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the AR-treated cover glass exhibits hydrophobicity and shows a 65% enhancement at a contact angle to bare glass.展开更多
In the process of fabrication of polymer photovoltaic （PV） devices, poly （3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene）： poly（styrenesulfonate） （PEDOT：PSS） thin film, acting as an anode buffer layer, is spin-coated under the...In the process of fabrication of polymer photovoltaic （PV） devices, poly （3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene）： poly（styrenesulfonate） （PEDOT：PSS） thin film, acting as an anode buffer layer, is spin-coated under the action of an electric field. The PV devices with a PEDOT：PSS layer spin-coated under the action of a static electric field exhibit improved short-circuit current density （Jsc） and power conversion efficiency （PCE）. The investigation of morphology shows that the appropriate intensity of the electric field can increase the roughness of the surface of the PEDOT：PSS layer, which results in improved contact between the anode and hole transport layer and thus enhances the Jsc of the devices. Chemical analysis is also provided by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） spectra.展开更多
In this work,a PEDOT:PSS/Sn:α-Ga_(2)O_(3) hybrid heterojunction diode(HJD)photodetector was fabricated by spin-coat-ing highly conductive PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution on the mist chemical vapor deposition(Mist-CVD)grow...In this work,a PEDOT:PSS/Sn:α-Ga_(2)O_(3) hybrid heterojunction diode(HJD)photodetector was fabricated by spin-coat-ing highly conductive PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution on the mist chemical vapor deposition(Mist-CVD)grown Sn:α-Ga_(2)O_(3) film.This approach provides a facile and low-cost p-PEDOT:PSS/n-Sn:α-Ga_(2)O_(3) spin-coating method that facilitates self-powering per-formance through p-n junction formation.A typical type-Ⅰheterojunction is formed at the interface of Sn:α-Ga_(2)O_(3) film and PEDOT:PSS,and contributes to a significant photovoltaic effect with an open-circuit voltage(Voc)of 0.4 V under the 254 nm ultra-violet(UV)light.When operating in self-powered mode,the HJD exhibits excellent photo-response performance including an outstanding photo-current of 10.9 nA,a rapid rise/decay time of 0.38/0.28 s,and a large on/off ratio of 91.2.Additionally,the HJD also possesses excellent photo-detection performance with a high responsivity of 5.61 mA/W and a good detectivity of 1.15×1011 Jones at 0 V bias under 254 nm UV light illumination.Overall,this work may explore the potential range of self-pow-ered and high-performance UV photodetectors.展开更多
In CZTSSe solar cells,a simple sodium-incorporation post-treatment method toward solution-processed Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films is presented in this work.An ultrathin NaCl film is deposited on Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor film...In CZTSSe solar cells,a simple sodium-incorporation post-treatment method toward solution-processed Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films is presented in this work.An ultrathin NaCl film is deposited on Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films by spin-coating NaCl solution.In subsequent selenization process,the introduction of Na Cl is found to be benefacial for the formation of Cu2-xSe,which can further facilitate the element transportation,leading to dense and smooth CZTSSe films with large grains and less impurity Cu2Sn(S,Se)3phase.SIMS depth profiles confirm the gradient distribution of the sodium element in Na-doped absorbers.Photoluminescence spectra show that the introduction of appropriate sodium into the absorber can inhibit the band tail states.As high as 11.18% of power conversion efficiency(PCE)is achieved for the device treated with 5 mg mL^-1 NaCl solution,and an average efficiency of Na-doped devices is 10.71%,13%higher than that of the control groups(9.45%).Besides,the depletion width and the charge recombination lifetime can also have regular variation with sodium treatment.This work offers an easy modification method for high-quality Na-doped CZTSSe films and high-performance devices,in the meantime,it can also help to further understand the effects of sodium in CZTSSe solar cells.展开更多
A solvent-assisted methodology has been developed to synthesize CH_3NH_3 PbI_3perovskite absorber layers.It involved the use of a mixed solvent of CH_3NH_3 I,PbI_2,c-butyrolactone,and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) followed...A solvent-assisted methodology has been developed to synthesize CH_3NH_3 PbI_3perovskite absorber layers.It involved the use of a mixed solvent of CH_3NH_3 I,PbI_2,c-butyrolactone,and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) followed by the addition of chlorobenzene(CB).The method produced ultra-flat and dense perovskite capping layers atop mesoporous TiO_2 films,enabling a remarkable improvement in the performance of free hole transport material(HTM) carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Toluene(TO) was also studied as an additional solvent for comparison.At the annealing temperature of 100 °C,the fabricated HTM-free PSCs based on drop-casting CB demonstrated power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 9.73 %,which is 36 and 71 % higher than those fabricated from the perovskite films using TO or without adding an extra solvent,respectively.The interaction between the PbI_2–DMSO–CH_3NH_3I intermediate phase and the additional solvent was discussed.Furthermore,the influence of the annealing temperature on the absorber film formation,morphology,and crystalline structure was investigated and correlated with the photovoltaic performance.Highly efficient,simple,and stable HTM-free solar cells with a PCE of 11.44 % were prepared utilizing the optimum perovskite absorbers annealed at 120 °C.展开更多
The effects of the spin coating process parameters on the thickness of the SiOx layer of the BOPP/SiOx composite film were investigated. When the concentration of tetraethoxysilane （TEOS） increased from 12.5 vol% to...The effects of the spin coating process parameters on the thickness of the SiOx layer of the BOPP/SiOx composite film were investigated. When the concentration of tetraethoxysilane （TEOS） increased from 12.5 vol% to 55% vol%, the SiOx thickness increased from about 80 nm to 470 nm. In the sol time range of 1.5 h to 5 h the SiOx layer thickness reached a maximum at about 4 h and the change of the thickness roughly matched the change of the silica colloidal sphere sizes in sol. When the spin-coating speed of the dispensing stage increased from 450 r/min to 500 r/min, the SiOx layer thickness drastically decreased from about 1.67 gm to 400 nm. While the spin-coating speed of the thinning and drying stage went up to 1200 r/min, the SiOx layer thickness was in the range of 330 nm to 390 nm. It was also found that the SiOx layer thickness was almost increased linearly from about 500 nm to 1.02 gm with the ratio of the commercial silica colloidal to the TEOS from 0.2 to 1.0. The water contact angles decreased to about 23.0° for the BOPP/Si-Sol composite film with 1.67 μm SiOx layer and about 4.0° for the BOPP/mixing Si-Sol composite film with 1.02 μm SiOx layer. Compared to BOPP, the light transparency of the BOPP/Si-Sol composite films decreased by about 5.5% with the SiOx layer from about 80 nm to 1.67 μm and by 7.0% for the BOPP/mixing Si-Sol composite film with the SiOx layer from about 350 nm to 1.02 μm respectively.展开更多
The composite films constituted of hydroxyapatite (HAP) submicron particles embedded in the gel composed of the titania nanoparticles were prepared on commercial Ti6Al4V plates with titania buffer layer obtained by a ...The composite films constituted of hydroxyapatite (HAP) submicron particles embedded in the gel composed of the titania nanoparticles were prepared on commercial Ti6Al4V plates with titania buffer layer obtained by a spin-coating technique. The films were annealed in air at 450 ℃, 550 ℃ and 650 ℃, respectively. The phase formation, surface morphology, andinterfacial microstructure of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission-scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis. The results show that the as-prepared films are all well-crystallized, dense,homogeneous, and there was a close interfacial bond between the film and the substrate. The results of adhesion test indicate that there is a good bonding strength between the film and the substrate. The bone-like apatite formation on the surface of the films after immersion in acellular simulatedbody fluid(SBF) validated their bioactivities.展开更多
BaPbO3 thin films were deposited on Al2O3 substrates by sol-gel spin-coating and rapid thermal annealing. The microstructure and phase of BaPbO3 thin films were determined by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electrons m...BaPbO3 thin films were deposited on Al2O3 substrates by sol-gel spin-coating and rapid thermal annealing. The microstructure and phase of BaPbO3 thin films were determined by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electrons microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The influence of annealing temperature and annealing time on sheet resistance of the thin films was investigated. The results show that heat treatment, including annealing temperature and time, causes notable change in molar ratio of Pb to Ba, resulting in the variations of sheet resistance. The variation of electrical properties demonstrates that the surface state of the film changes from two-dimensional behavior to three-dimensional behavior with the increase of film thickness. Crack-free BaPbO3 thin films with grain size of 90 nm can be obtained by a rapid thermal annealing at 700 ℃ for 10 min. And the BaPbO3 films with a thickness of 2.5 μm has a sheet resistance of 35 Ω·-1.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U22A20142)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2023JC007)。
文摘CsPbI_(2)Br perovskite solar cell has been extensively studied due to its exceptional thermal stability and relatively stable perovskite phase structure.However,the presence of bromine leads to a rapid crystallization rate of CsPbI_(2)Br films,resulting in small grain size and high defect density.Additionally,CsPbI_(2)Br demonstrates poor light absorption due to its wide bandgap.Therefore,it is crucial to control the crystallization rate and increase the film thickness to reduce defect density,enhance light absorption,and improve photovoltaic performance.In this study,we utilized a PbAc_(2)-incorporated twice spincoating(PTS) process to address these issues.Initially,PbAc_(2) was added to the CsPbI_(2)Br precursor solution to form a CsPbI_(2)Br film,which was then coated with the CsPbI_(2)Br precursor solution to produce the PTS film,Ac^(-)can delay the perovskite crystallization,leading to the formation of thicker and denser CsPbI_(2)Br films.Moreover,lone-pair electrons of the oxygen atom provided by Ac^(-)formed coordination bonds with under-coordinated Pb~(2+) ions to fill halogen ion vacancies,thereby reducing the defect density.Ultimately,the PTS CsPbI_(2)Br device achieved a peak power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 16.19% and maintained 96.7% of its initial PCE over 1500 h at room temperature under 25% relative humidity without any encapsulation.
基金the financial support from the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NoNCET-07-0683)President Research Fund of Xi'an Jiaotong University(No08140016)
文摘In this work,we propose a new spin-coating method coupling with high thermal decomposition,to prepare the tin-antimony（Sn-Sb） oxide electrode.The character of the spin-coating electrode was compared with the dip-coating electrode through X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,accelerated life test,cyclic voltammetry,and electrolytic degradability. The results showed that the spin-coating electrode had a better defined crystal form,a smoother and more compact surface than that of the dip-coating electrode.Service time of the spin-coating electrode was determined to be longer than 15 h,and it was less than 2 min for the dip-coating electrode.Electrochemical characterization analysis showed that the electrolytic degradability of the spin-coating electrode is better than that of the dip-coating electrode.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51579057,5177090655,and 51379052)the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,China(Grant No.2016DX07)
文摘A new hybrid organic-inorganic structure of FTO/TiO2/Se/HTL/Au based selenium solar cell has been fabricated through a low-cost spin-coating process in air. In this process, selenium is completely dissolved in hydrazine, to fk）rm a homogeneous precursor solution. After spin-coating the precursor solution on the TiO2 substrates, following by sintering at 200 ℃ for 5rain, a uniform selenium film with crystalline grains is formed. The selenium based solar cell exhibits an efficiency of 1.23% under AM1.5 illumination （100 mW.cm-2）, short-circuit current density of 8 mA.cm 2, open-circuit voltage of 0.55 V, and fill factor of 0.37. Moreover, the device shows a stable ability with almost the same performance alter 60 days.
文摘Transparent zinc oxide（ZnO） thin films are fabricated by a simple sol-gel spin-coating technique on glass substrates with different solution concentrations（0.3-1.2 M） using zinc acetate dehydrate [Zn（CH_3COO）_2·2H_2O] as precursor and isopropanol and monoethanolamine（MEA） as solvent and stabilizer, respectively. The molar ratio of zinc acetate dehydrate to MEA is 1.0. X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy are employed to investigate the effect of solution concentration on the structural and optical properties of the ZnO thin films. The obtained results of all thin films are discussed in detail and are compared with other experimental data.
基金Project supported by the German Research Foundation(DFG)within the Cluster of Excellence "Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden" within the Federal Cluster of Excellence EXC 1075 "MERGE Technologies for Multifunctional Lightweight Structures"
文摘The lanthanum(Ⅲ) complex [Li(thf)_(3)(μ-CI)La{N(SiMe_(3))_(2)}_(3)](3) was obtained by the reaction of LaCl_(3) with three equiv of Li[N(SiMe_(3))_(2)]_(3) in a tetrahydrofuran solution. The molecular structure of _(3) in the solid state was characterized by a tetracoordinated anionic lanthanide(Ⅲ) amide in form of an adduct with LiCl(thf)_(3) as evidenced by single crystal X-ray structure analysis. In order to study the suitability of _(3) as a precursor for the deposition of La_(2)O_(3)/LiLaSiO_(4) by thin layer deposition techniques,its thermal behavior was investigated by thermogravimetry(TG) and TG-MS-coupled studies. TG studies show a two-step decomposition process, whereby volatile decomposition products can be detected during the second decomposition step. TG measurements under an atmosphere of oxygen produced La_(2)O_(3), Calcination processes of 3 under ambient atmosphere for 10 h at 1000 ℃ gave La_(2)O_(3) and LiLaSiO_(4),which was confirmed by PXRD studies. Metal-organic 3 was applied as spin-coating precursor for La_(2)O_(3) thin film formation giving the as-deposited layers nearly crack-free.
基金Project supported by the German Research Foundation(Cluster of Excellence Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden(cfaed)partially performed within the Federal Cluster of Excellence EXC 1075 MERGE Technologies for Multifunctional Lightweight Structures
文摘The synthesis,structure and thermal behavior of [Y（dbm）3（H2 O）]（3）（dbm = 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propandionate） and its use as a spin-coating precursor for Y2 O3 deposition is reported. Complex 3 was prepared by the reaction of [Y（NO3）3·6 H2 O]（1） with 3 equiv of Hdbm（2） in presence of NaOH. The molecular structure of 3 in the solid-state was determined by single X-ray crystal diffraction. Both C1 symmetric crystallographically independent species of 3 possess a YO7 coordination setup with minor deviation from an ideal capped octahedron coordination geometry（∧ enantiomer）. Complex 3 forms a1 D chain, due to intermolecular hydrogen bonds between the coordinated H2 O molecule and the 0 atom of the dbm ligand, respectively. The thermal decomposition behavior of 3 was investigated by thermogravimetric studies in the temperature range of 40-800 ℃ and 40-1300 ℃ under an oxygen and argon atmosphere, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction（PXRD） measurements of the residues confirmed the formation of Y2 O3. Complex 3 was applied as a spin-coating precursor for yttrium oxide film formation on either Si wafers with a continuous 100 nm thick SiO2 film, or with a native oxide layer.The as-deposited Y2 O3 layers are smooth, conformal, dense and transparent and are of a thickness of 27 and 30 nm, respectively.
文摘This paper is concerned with the improvement of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) efficiency upon ZnO-coating of the TiO2 electrode. Sol-gel ZnO of controlled amount by varying the number of sol drops during spin-coating is shown to increase the DSSC efficiency. The highest efficiency is obtained at a single sol drop with enhancement of 40%, while beyond this amount the efficiency falls down sharply to zero. Based on measured optical absorption spectra of the different dye-loaded electrodes, it is concluded that this amount of ZnO sol corresponds to the thinnest layer that can create the energy barrier to minimize the electron recombination rate without seriously affecting the dye adsorption efficiency of the TiO2 film.
文摘Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with ZnO spin-coated TiO2 photo-electrodes are compared to DSSC with a bare TiO2 photo-electrode. It is demonstrated that the deposited ZnO of controlled amount, by varying the precursor concentration in the coating sol, can indeed enhance the performance of the DSSC. The measured power conversion efficiency shows a maximum around the precursor concentration 0.1 M and falls down sharply to 0% beyond this point. The results are interpreted on the basis of two competing factors: At ZnO concentrations less than 0.1 M, the formation of an energy barrier increases the photocurrent by reducing the rate of interfacial back-recombination. At ZnO concentrations greater than 0.1 M, the screening of the TiO2 film by thicker ZnO layers decreases the photocurrent through the reduction of TiO2 dye-adsorption efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209131,22005121,21875182,52173023)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0132400)+1 种基金the Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Project of Shaanxi Province(2020TD-002)the 111 Project 2.0(BP0618008)。
文摘Sidechain engineering as an efficient and convenient strategy has been widely used to optimize molecular structure of photovoltaic materials for boosting power conversion efficiency(PCE)of organic solar cells(OSCs).Herein,a new Y-series acceptor named Y-Th Si with trialkylsilyl-substituted thiophene as conjugated sidechain is developed.Compared with its parental Y6 with multiple intermolecular interactions,Y-Th Si has a unitary molecular packing due to the additional steric hindrance from twodimensional(2D)-conjugated trialkylsilyl-thiophene.Therefore,Y-Th Si shows an obviously blue-shifted absorption with an onset of~850 nm but significantly up-shifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level.For the PM6:Y-Th Si pair,the spin-coating OSCs achieve a decent PCE of 14.56%with an impressively high photovoltage(V_(OC))of 0.936 V.Inspired by its high V_(OC)and narrow absorption,Y-Th Si is introduced into near-infrared absorbing binary PM6:BTP-eC9 host to construct ternary OSCs.Thanks to the complementary absorption,optimized morphology,and minimized energy loss properties,the PM6:BTP-e C9:Y-Th Si-based OSCs offer a higher PCE of 18.34%.Moreover,our developed strategy can overcome the commonly existed PCE drop when the blade-coating towards large-scale printing is used instead.Therefore,a comparable PCE of 18.34%is achieved,which is one of the best values for the blade-coating OSCs so far.
基金We acknowledge the support from the National Key R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2022YFA1203801)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 51991340,51991343,52221001,62205055)+1 种基金the Hunan Key R&D Program Project(No.2022GK2005)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220860).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)have garnered widespread interest in the scientific community and industry for their exceptional physical and chemistry properties,and great potential for applications in diverse fields including(opto)electronics,electrocatalysis,and energy storage.Chemical vapor deposition(CVD)is one of the most compelling growth methods for the scalable growth of high-quality 2D TMDs.However,the conventional CVD process for synthesis of 2D TMDs still encounters significant challenges,primarily attributed to the high melting point of precursor powders,and achieving a uniform distribution of precursor atmosphere on the substrate to obtain controllable smaple domains is difficult.The spin-coating precursor mediated chemical vapor deposition(SCVD)strategy provides refinement over traditional methods by eliminating the use of solid precursors and ensuring a more clean and uniform distribution of the growth material on the substrate.Additionally,the SCVD process allows fine-tuning of material thickness and purity by manipulating solution composition,concentration,and the spin coating process.This Review presents a comprehensive summary of recent advances in controllable growth of 2D TMDs with a SCVD strategy.First,a series of various liquid precursors,additives,source supply methods,and substrate engineering strategies for preparing atomically thin TMDs by SCVD are introduced.Then,2D TMDs heterostructures and novel doped TMDs fabricated through the SCVD method are discussed.Finally,the current challenges and perspectives to synthesize 2D TMDs using SCVD are discussed.
文摘A novel two-step method is employed, for the first time, to fabricatc nonvolatile memory devices that have metal nanoerystals. First, size-averaged Au nanocrystals are synthesized chemically; second, they are assembled into memory devices by a spin-coating technique at room temperature. This attractive approach makes it possible to tailor the diameter and control the density of nanocrystals individually. In addition, processes at room temperature prevent Au diffusion, which is a main concem for the application of metal nanocrystal-based memory. The experimental results, both the morphology characterization and the electrical measurements, reveal that there is an optimum density of nanocrystal monolayer to balance between long data retention and a large hysteresis memory window. At the same time, density-controllable devices could also feed the preferential emphasis on either memory window or retention time. All these facts confirm the advantages and novelty of our two-step method.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51573153)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China (2015JJ2141)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of the State Education Ministry for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars (2014–1685)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (15A180)
文摘Polymer solar cells(PSCs) were fabricated by combining a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based terpolymer(PTBT-HTID-DPP) as the electron donor, and [6,6]-phenyl C_(61) butyric acid methyl ester(PC_(61)BM) as the electron acceptor, and the power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 4.31% has been achieved under AM 1.5 G(100 m W cm^(-2)) illumination condition via optimizing the polymer/PC_(61)BM ratio, the variety of solvent and the spin-coating speed. The impact of the spin-coating speed on the photovoltaic performance of the PSCs has been investigated by revealing the effects of the spin-coating speed on the morphology and the absorption spectra of the polymer/PC_(61)BM blend films. When the thickness of the blend films are adjusted by spin-coating a fixed concentration with different spin-coating speeds, the blend film prepared at a lower spin-coating speed shows a stronger absorption per unit thickness, and the correspond device shows higher IPCE value in the longer-wavelength region. Under the conditions of similar thickness, the blend film prepared at a lower spin-coating speed forms a more uniform microphase separation and smaller domain size which leads to a higher absorption intensity per unit thickness of the blend film in long wavenumber band, a larger short-circuit current density(J_(sc)) and a higher power conversion efficiency(PCE) of the PSC device. Noteworthily, it was found that spin-coating speed is not only a way to control the thickness of active layer but also an influencing factor on morphology and photovoltaic performance for the diketopyrrolopyrrole-based terpolymer.
基金financially supporting this research under Contract No. NSC 102-2221-E-155-076-MY3
文摘An antireflection （AR） coating is fabricated by applying an optimal spin-coating method and a pH-modified SiO2 nanoparticle solution on a cover glass. Because the pH value of the solution will affect the aggregation and dispersion of the SiO2 particles, the transmittance of the AR-treated cover glass will be enhanced under optimal fabricated conditions. The experimental results show that an AR coating fabricated by an SiO2 nano- particle solution of pH 11 enhances the transmittance approximately by 3% and 5% under normal and oblique incident conditions, respectively. Furthermore, the AR-treated cover glass exhibits hydrophobicity and shows a 65% enhancement at a contact angle to bare glass.
基金Project supported by the New-Century Training Program Foundation for Talents of the Natural Science (Grant No. NCET-08-0717)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60777026,60677007 and 60825407)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities (Grant No. B08002)
文摘In the process of fabrication of polymer photovoltaic （PV） devices, poly （3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene）： poly（styrenesulfonate） （PEDOT：PSS） thin film, acting as an anode buffer layer, is spin-coated under the action of an electric field. The PV devices with a PEDOT：PSS layer spin-coated under the action of a static electric field exhibit improved short-circuit current density （Jsc） and power conversion efficiency （PCE）. The investigation of morphology shows that the appropriate intensity of the electric field can increase the roughness of the surface of the PEDOT：PSS layer, which results in improved contact between the anode and hole transport layer and thus enhances the Jsc of the devices. Chemical analysis is also provided by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） spectra.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFB3605404)the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.62204125,62305171,62204126,and 62304113)+3 种基金the Joints Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.U23A20349)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.BK20230361)the Natural Science Research Startup Foundation of Recuring Talents of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (Grant No.XK1060921119)the Jiangsu Provincial Team of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Grant No.JSSCTD202351).
文摘In this work,a PEDOT:PSS/Sn:α-Ga_(2)O_(3) hybrid heterojunction diode(HJD)photodetector was fabricated by spin-coat-ing highly conductive PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution on the mist chemical vapor deposition(Mist-CVD)grown Sn:α-Ga_(2)O_(3) film.This approach provides a facile and low-cost p-PEDOT:PSS/n-Sn:α-Ga_(2)O_(3) spin-coating method that facilitates self-powering per-formance through p-n junction formation.A typical type-Ⅰheterojunction is formed at the interface of Sn:α-Ga_(2)O_(3) film and PEDOT:PSS,and contributes to a significant photovoltaic effect with an open-circuit voltage(Voc)of 0.4 V under the 254 nm ultra-violet(UV)light.When operating in self-powered mode,the HJD exhibits excellent photo-response performance including an outstanding photo-current of 10.9 nA,a rapid rise/decay time of 0.38/0.28 s,and a large on/off ratio of 91.2.Additionally,the HJD also possesses excellent photo-detection performance with a high responsivity of 5.61 mA/W and a good detectivity of 1.15×1011 Jones at 0 V bias under 254 nm UV light illumination.Overall,this work may explore the potential range of self-pow-ered and high-performance UV photodetectors.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51421002, 51627803, 91733301, 51761145042, 21501183, 51402348, 53872321, and 11874402)the Knowledge Innovation Program and the Strategic Priority Research Program (Grant XDB 12010400) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘In CZTSSe solar cells,a simple sodium-incorporation post-treatment method toward solution-processed Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films is presented in this work.An ultrathin NaCl film is deposited on Cu2Zn Sn S4precursor films by spin-coating NaCl solution.In subsequent selenization process,the introduction of Na Cl is found to be benefacial for the formation of Cu2-xSe,which can further facilitate the element transportation,leading to dense and smooth CZTSSe films with large grains and less impurity Cu2Sn(S,Se)3phase.SIMS depth profiles confirm the gradient distribution of the sodium element in Na-doped absorbers.Photoluminescence spectra show that the introduction of appropriate sodium into the absorber can inhibit the band tail states.As high as 11.18% of power conversion efficiency(PCE)is achieved for the device treated with 5 mg mL^-1 NaCl solution,and an average efficiency of Na-doped devices is 10.71%,13%higher than that of the control groups(9.45%).Besides,the depletion width and the charge recombination lifetime can also have regular variation with sodium treatment.This work offers an easy modification method for high-quality Na-doped CZTSSe films and high-performance devices,in the meantime,it can also help to further understand the effects of sodium in CZTSSe solar cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11274119,61275038)
文摘A solvent-assisted methodology has been developed to synthesize CH_3NH_3 PbI_3perovskite absorber layers.It involved the use of a mixed solvent of CH_3NH_3 I,PbI_2,c-butyrolactone,and dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) followed by the addition of chlorobenzene(CB).The method produced ultra-flat and dense perovskite capping layers atop mesoporous TiO_2 films,enabling a remarkable improvement in the performance of free hole transport material(HTM) carbon electrode-based perovskite solar cells(PSCs).Toluene(TO) was also studied as an additional solvent for comparison.At the annealing temperature of 100 °C,the fabricated HTM-free PSCs based on drop-casting CB demonstrated power conversion efficiency(PCE) of 9.73 %,which is 36 and 71 % higher than those fabricated from the perovskite films using TO or without adding an extra solvent,respectively.The interaction between the PbI_2–DMSO–CH_3NH_3I intermediate phase and the additional solvent was discussed.Furthermore,the influence of the annealing temperature on the absorber film formation,morphology,and crystalline structure was investigated and correlated with the photovoltaic performance.Highly efficient,simple,and stable HTM-free solar cells with a PCE of 11.44 % were prepared utilizing the optimum perovskite absorbers annealed at 120 °C.
基金financially supported by the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (ZD0902)
文摘The effects of the spin coating process parameters on the thickness of the SiOx layer of the BOPP/SiOx composite film were investigated. When the concentration of tetraethoxysilane （TEOS） increased from 12.5 vol% to 55% vol%, the SiOx thickness increased from about 80 nm to 470 nm. In the sol time range of 1.5 h to 5 h the SiOx layer thickness reached a maximum at about 4 h and the change of the thickness roughly matched the change of the silica colloidal sphere sizes in sol. When the spin-coating speed of the dispensing stage increased from 450 r/min to 500 r/min, the SiOx layer thickness drastically decreased from about 1.67 gm to 400 nm. While the spin-coating speed of the thinning and drying stage went up to 1200 r/min, the SiOx layer thickness was in the range of 330 nm to 390 nm. It was also found that the SiOx layer thickness was almost increased linearly from about 500 nm to 1.02 gm with the ratio of the commercial silica colloidal to the TEOS from 0.2 to 1.0. The water contact angles decreased to about 23.0° for the BOPP/Si-Sol composite film with 1.67 μm SiOx layer and about 4.0° for the BOPP/mixing Si-Sol composite film with 1.02 μm SiOx layer. Compared to BOPP, the light transparency of the BOPP/Si-Sol composite films decreased by about 5.5% with the SiOx layer from about 80 nm to 1.67 μm and by 7.0% for the BOPP/mixing Si-Sol composite film with the SiOx layer from about 350 nm to 1.02 μm respectively.
基金Projects(50235020 30300078)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The composite films constituted of hydroxyapatite (HAP) submicron particles embedded in the gel composed of the titania nanoparticles were prepared on commercial Ti6Al4V plates with titania buffer layer obtained by a spin-coating technique. The films were annealed in air at 450 ℃, 550 ℃ and 650 ℃, respectively. The phase formation, surface morphology, andinterfacial microstructure of the films were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), field emission-scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis. The results show that the as-prepared films are all well-crystallized, dense,homogeneous, and there was a close interfacial bond between the film and the substrate. The results of adhesion test indicate that there is a good bonding strength between the film and the substrate. The bone-like apatite formation on the surface of the films after immersion in acellular simulatedbody fluid(SBF) validated their bioactivities.
基金Project(033177) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, ChinaProject(040140) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of South China University of Technology
文摘BaPbO3 thin films were deposited on Al2O3 substrates by sol-gel spin-coating and rapid thermal annealing. The microstructure and phase of BaPbO3 thin films were determined by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electrons microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The influence of annealing temperature and annealing time on sheet resistance of the thin films was investigated. The results show that heat treatment, including annealing temperature and time, causes notable change in molar ratio of Pb to Ba, resulting in the variations of sheet resistance. The variation of electrical properties demonstrates that the surface state of the film changes from two-dimensional behavior to three-dimensional behavior with the increase of film thickness. Crack-free BaPbO3 thin films with grain size of 90 nm can be obtained by a rapid thermal annealing at 700 ℃ for 10 min. And the BaPbO3 films with a thickness of 2.5 μm has a sheet resistance of 35 Ω·-1.
