Steadily increasing time is involved in most scientific analyses. Like other dimensions in spacetime we suggest that there can be a variation rate of time’s progress or speed of time in the time dimension. We study s...Steadily increasing time is involved in most scientific analyses. Like other dimensions in spacetime we suggest that there can be a variation rate of time’s progress or speed of time in the time dimension. We study speed-of-time variation observational data in three processes: muon decay, galaxy rotation (related to dark matter) and the separation speed of celestial objects as our Universe progresses (related to dark energy). Each of these processes will have an “observed value” of their time of completion <em>P</em><sub><em>o</em></sub> from an observation of the process at time <em>t</em><sub><em>1</em></sub> and an “expected value” <em>P</em><sub><em>e</em></sub> of that time at time <em>t</em><sub><em>2</em></sub>. Their difference is attributed to the variation of the speed of time. We provide a possible explanation for the anomalous separation of the observed and the expected galactic velocity curves. Our conclusion is that it is unnecessary to introduce dark matter or dark energy.展开更多
The topological speed of light which may be used to compute the density of ordinary energy and dark energy of the cosmos is replaced by dimensionless quantity taken from Special Relativity. The said quantity may be in...The topological speed of light which may be used to compute the density of ordinary energy and dark energy of the cosmos is replaced by dimensionless quantity taken from Special Relativity. The said quantity may be interpreted as akin to time dilation ergo a notion topologically equivalent to the speed of the passing of time or the difference of elapsed time between two events in Einstein’s Relativity Theory. This results via Newton’s kinetic energy into the well-known observationally confirmed and accurately measured 4.5 and 95.5 percent of ordinary and dark Cosmic Energy density respectively.展开更多
文摘Steadily increasing time is involved in most scientific analyses. Like other dimensions in spacetime we suggest that there can be a variation rate of time’s progress or speed of time in the time dimension. We study speed-of-time variation observational data in three processes: muon decay, galaxy rotation (related to dark matter) and the separation speed of celestial objects as our Universe progresses (related to dark energy). Each of these processes will have an “observed value” of their time of completion <em>P</em><sub><em>o</em></sub> from an observation of the process at time <em>t</em><sub><em>1</em></sub> and an “expected value” <em>P</em><sub><em>e</em></sub> of that time at time <em>t</em><sub><em>2</em></sub>. Their difference is attributed to the variation of the speed of time. We provide a possible explanation for the anomalous separation of the observed and the expected galactic velocity curves. Our conclusion is that it is unnecessary to introduce dark matter or dark energy.
文摘The topological speed of light which may be used to compute the density of ordinary energy and dark energy of the cosmos is replaced by dimensionless quantity taken from Special Relativity. The said quantity may be interpreted as akin to time dilation ergo a notion topologically equivalent to the speed of the passing of time or the difference of elapsed time between two events in Einstein’s Relativity Theory. This results via Newton’s kinetic energy into the well-known observationally confirmed and accurately measured 4.5 and 95.5 percent of ordinary and dark Cosmic Energy density respectively.
