目的探讨改良版中文数字三联音测试的有效性,提高老年听力筛查的准确性。方法设计开发改良版中文数字三联音测试材料,选取60岁以上老年人203例进行声导抗、纯音听阈测试、安静和噪声条件下的改良版数字三联音测试,分析该测试与纯音听阈...目的探讨改良版中文数字三联音测试的有效性,提高老年听力筛查的准确性。方法设计开发改良版中文数字三联音测试材料,选取60岁以上老年人203例进行声导抗、纯音听阈测试、安静和噪声条件下的改良版数字三联音测试,分析该测试与纯音听阈测试结果的相关性,得出受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)以计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),最佳截断值及其对应的敏感度特异度,诊断符合率。结果(1)改良版数字三联音测试与纯音听阈测试存在显著正相关(安静下r=0.86,噪声下r=0.71,P=0.001);(2)基于较好耳分类,在区分是否存在听力损失(PTA_(0.5~4 kHz)<20 dB HL为不存在)时,安静条件下AUC=0.90,最佳截断值=28.71 dB,特异度=0.96,敏感度=0.75和噪声条件下AUC=0.78,最佳截断值=-9.16 dB,特异度=0.68,敏感度=0.82(P均<0.001)。在区分是否存在中度及以上听力损失(PTA_(0.5~4 kHz)<35 dB HL为不存在)时,在安静条件下AUC=0.94,最佳截断值=38.08 dB,特异度=0.95,敏感度=0.78与噪声条件下AUC=0.87,最佳截断值=-6.85 dB,特异度=0.89,敏感度=0.73(P均<0.001)。结论改良版中文数字三联音筛查测试在安静与噪声环境下均能有效区分不同程度的老年听力损失,其中安静环境下区分更有效,可作为老年听力筛查的有效工具。展开更多
Inferences of subtle cerebral injury and dysfunction have been historically dependent upon psychometric tests from which clinical neuropsychological profiles are generated. In addition to being secondary, over-inclusi...Inferences of subtle cerebral injury and dysfunction have been historically dependent upon psychometric tests from which clinical neuropsychological profiles are generated. In addition to being secondary, over-inclusive and crude indicators of cerebral activity, psychometric tests are subject to economic incentives to “re-norm” traditional methods under the pretense of “ensuring” contemporary representations that are sanctioned by regulating organizations dominated by agendas of control over the interpretations of clinicians. The validity of neuropsychological tests is essential for their perspicacious application and interpretations. We measured the quantitative electroen-cephalographic profiles and calculated s-LORETA (standardized Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography) profiles in real time for normal men and women while they engaged in both traditional and novel neuropsychological tests that were employed to infer localized brain injury. Conspicuous alterations in source current density within specific frequency bands occurred within various regions of the right prefrontal region during performance of the Category, Design Fluency and Conditioned Spatial Association Test, the prefrontal medial surface during Toe Graphaesthesia, the caudal medial surface during Toe Gnosis, the left temporal region during Speech-Sounds, and within the right retrosplenial-parahippocampal region for Seashore Rhythms. Results supported the well established regional associations with the classic neuropsychological tests, verified the cerebral localization with more recent procedures, and emphasized the utility of modern real-time, direct cerebral imaging procedures.展开更多
The aim of this study was to investigate the time window, duration and intensity of optimal speech and language therapy applied to aphasic patients with subacute stroke in our hospital. The study consisted of 33 patie...The aim of this study was to investigate the time window, duration and intensity of optimal speech and language therapy applied to aphasic patients with subacute stroke in our hospital. The study consisted of 33 patients being hospitalized for stroke rehabilitation in our hospital with first stroke but without previous history of speech and language therapy. Sixteen sessions of impairment-based speech and language therapy were applied to the patients, 30-60 minutes per day, 2 days a week, for 8 successive weeks. Aphasia assess- ment in stroke patients was performed with Giilhane Aphasia Test-2 before and after treatment. Compared with before treatment, fluency of speech, listening comprehension, reading comprehension, oral motor evaluation, automatic speech, repetition and naming were improved after treatment. This suggests that 16 seesions of speech and language therapy, 30-60 minutes per day, 2 days a week, for 8 successive weeks, are effective in the treatment of aphasic patients with subacute stroke.展开更多
Objective:To explore the clinical evaluation role of the Digits-in-Noise(DIN)test and Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults Screening(HHIA-S)for patients with occupational noise-induced hearing loss and to observe and...Objective:To explore the clinical evaluation role of the Digits-in-Noise(DIN)test and Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults Screening(HHIA-S)for patients with occupational noise-induced hearing loss and to observe and analyze their application values.Methods:Fifty patients with suspected occupational noise-induced hearing loss were randomly selected from the Department of Otolaryngology at the hospital as the research target.The collection period for the research cases spanned from January 2022 to November 2023,and all patients had a history of noise exposure.The DIN test and HHIA-S were used for hearing examinations,with clinical,comprehensive diagnosis serving as the gold standard to study their diagnostic performance.Results:The compliance rate of the DIN test was 88.00%,the HHIA-S’s compliance rate was 80.00%,and the combined compliance rate was 94.00%.The compliance rate of the DIN test and the combined compliance rates of the patients were statistically significant compared to the clinical gold standard data(P<0.05),while there was no difference between the compliance rate of the HHIA-S and the gold standard(P>0.05).The data shows that the sensitivity of the combined diagnosis is significantly higher than the sensitivity data of the DIN test and HHIA-S examination alone(P<0.05).Its specificity is 100.00%,and the accuracy data of the joint diagnosis in the degree were higher than those of the DIN test alone(P>0.05)and the HHIA-S alone(P<0.05).Conclusion:For patients with occupational noise-induced hearing loss,the joint evaluation of the DIN test and HHIA-S can significantly improve their diagnostic value with high sensitivity and accuracy.展开更多
A method of robust speech endpoint detection in airplane cockpit voice background is presented. Based on the analysis of background noise character, a complex Laplacian distribution model directly aiming at noisy spee...A method of robust speech endpoint detection in airplane cockpit voice background is presented. Based on the analysis of background noise character, a complex Laplacian distribution model directly aiming at noisy speech is established. Then the likelihood ratio test based on binary hypothesis test is carried out. The decision criterion of conventional maximum a posterior incorporating the inter-frame correlation leads to two separate thresholds. Speech endpoint detection decision is finally made depend on the previous frame and the observed spectrum, and the speech endpoint is searched based on the decision. Compared with the typical algorithms, the proposed method operates robust in the airplane cockpit voice background.展开更多
In the present study, the ROCF test was initially conducted involving 30 healthy young individuals, in a quiet environment as Experiment 1 to examine variations in the score among different methods to memorize the fig...In the present study, the ROCF test was initially conducted involving 30 healthy young individuals, in a quiet environment as Experiment 1 to examine variations in the score among different methods to memorize the figure. In such an environment, no significant differences were observed in the score between the copying and outer speech groups, which suggested the possibility of some of the former groups having used outer speech in a voice too low to be heard or moving their lips without vocalization, achieving the same effect as outer speech, and consequently leading to the absence of differences from the outer speech group. On the other hand, the score markedly varied between the mouthpiece and copying or outer speech groups. As lip movements were suppressed in the former case, the unconscious use of outer speech was also prevented, possibly leading to poor results. Based on these findings, it may be possible to enhance the effects of rehabilitation in a clinical setting by promoting patients’ memorization using outer speech to vocalize the contents of training.展开更多
文摘目的探讨改良版中文数字三联音测试的有效性,提高老年听力筛查的准确性。方法设计开发改良版中文数字三联音测试材料,选取60岁以上老年人203例进行声导抗、纯音听阈测试、安静和噪声条件下的改良版数字三联音测试,分析该测试与纯音听阈测试结果的相关性,得出受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)以计算曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC),最佳截断值及其对应的敏感度特异度,诊断符合率。结果(1)改良版数字三联音测试与纯音听阈测试存在显著正相关(安静下r=0.86,噪声下r=0.71,P=0.001);(2)基于较好耳分类,在区分是否存在听力损失(PTA_(0.5~4 kHz)<20 dB HL为不存在)时,安静条件下AUC=0.90,最佳截断值=28.71 dB,特异度=0.96,敏感度=0.75和噪声条件下AUC=0.78,最佳截断值=-9.16 dB,特异度=0.68,敏感度=0.82(P均<0.001)。在区分是否存在中度及以上听力损失(PTA_(0.5~4 kHz)<35 dB HL为不存在)时,在安静条件下AUC=0.94,最佳截断值=38.08 dB,特异度=0.95,敏感度=0.78与噪声条件下AUC=0.87,最佳截断值=-6.85 dB,特异度=0.89,敏感度=0.73(P均<0.001)。结论改良版中文数字三联音筛查测试在安静与噪声环境下均能有效区分不同程度的老年听力损失,其中安静环境下区分更有效,可作为老年听力筛查的有效工具。
文摘Inferences of subtle cerebral injury and dysfunction have been historically dependent upon psychometric tests from which clinical neuropsychological profiles are generated. In addition to being secondary, over-inclusive and crude indicators of cerebral activity, psychometric tests are subject to economic incentives to “re-norm” traditional methods under the pretense of “ensuring” contemporary representations that are sanctioned by regulating organizations dominated by agendas of control over the interpretations of clinicians. The validity of neuropsychological tests is essential for their perspicacious application and interpretations. We measured the quantitative electroen-cephalographic profiles and calculated s-LORETA (standardized Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography) profiles in real time for normal men and women while they engaged in both traditional and novel neuropsychological tests that were employed to infer localized brain injury. Conspicuous alterations in source current density within specific frequency bands occurred within various regions of the right prefrontal region during performance of the Category, Design Fluency and Conditioned Spatial Association Test, the prefrontal medial surface during Toe Graphaesthesia, the caudal medial surface during Toe Gnosis, the left temporal region during Speech-Sounds, and within the right retrosplenial-parahippocampal region for Seashore Rhythms. Results supported the well established regional associations with the classic neuropsychological tests, verified the cerebral localization with more recent procedures, and emphasized the utility of modern real-time, direct cerebral imaging procedures.
文摘The aim of this study was to investigate the time window, duration and intensity of optimal speech and language therapy applied to aphasic patients with subacute stroke in our hospital. The study consisted of 33 patients being hospitalized for stroke rehabilitation in our hospital with first stroke but without previous history of speech and language therapy. Sixteen sessions of impairment-based speech and language therapy were applied to the patients, 30-60 minutes per day, 2 days a week, for 8 successive weeks. Aphasia assess- ment in stroke patients was performed with Giilhane Aphasia Test-2 before and after treatment. Compared with before treatment, fluency of speech, listening comprehension, reading comprehension, oral motor evaluation, automatic speech, repetition and naming were improved after treatment. This suggests that 16 seesions of speech and language therapy, 30-60 minutes per day, 2 days a week, for 8 successive weeks, are effective in the treatment of aphasic patients with subacute stroke.
文摘Objective:To explore the clinical evaluation role of the Digits-in-Noise(DIN)test and Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adults Screening(HHIA-S)for patients with occupational noise-induced hearing loss and to observe and analyze their application values.Methods:Fifty patients with suspected occupational noise-induced hearing loss were randomly selected from the Department of Otolaryngology at the hospital as the research target.The collection period for the research cases spanned from January 2022 to November 2023,and all patients had a history of noise exposure.The DIN test and HHIA-S were used for hearing examinations,with clinical,comprehensive diagnosis serving as the gold standard to study their diagnostic performance.Results:The compliance rate of the DIN test was 88.00%,the HHIA-S’s compliance rate was 80.00%,and the combined compliance rate was 94.00%.The compliance rate of the DIN test and the combined compliance rates of the patients were statistically significant compared to the clinical gold standard data(P<0.05),while there was no difference between the compliance rate of the HHIA-S and the gold standard(P>0.05).The data shows that the sensitivity of the combined diagnosis is significantly higher than the sensitivity data of the DIN test and HHIA-S examination alone(P<0.05).Its specificity is 100.00%,and the accuracy data of the joint diagnosis in the degree were higher than those of the DIN test alone(P>0.05)and the HHIA-S alone(P<0.05).Conclusion:For patients with occupational noise-induced hearing loss,the joint evaluation of the DIN test and HHIA-S can significantly improve their diagnostic value with high sensitivity and accuracy.
文摘A method of robust speech endpoint detection in airplane cockpit voice background is presented. Based on the analysis of background noise character, a complex Laplacian distribution model directly aiming at noisy speech is established. Then the likelihood ratio test based on binary hypothesis test is carried out. The decision criterion of conventional maximum a posterior incorporating the inter-frame correlation leads to two separate thresholds. Speech endpoint detection decision is finally made depend on the previous frame and the observed spectrum, and the speech endpoint is searched based on the decision. Compared with the typical algorithms, the proposed method operates robust in the airplane cockpit voice background.
文摘In the present study, the ROCF test was initially conducted involving 30 healthy young individuals, in a quiet environment as Experiment 1 to examine variations in the score among different methods to memorize the figure. In such an environment, no significant differences were observed in the score between the copying and outer speech groups, which suggested the possibility of some of the former groups having used outer speech in a voice too low to be heard or moving their lips without vocalization, achieving the same effect as outer speech, and consequently leading to the absence of differences from the outer speech group. On the other hand, the score markedly varied between the mouthpiece and copying or outer speech groups. As lip movements were suppressed in the former case, the unconscious use of outer speech was also prevented, possibly leading to poor results. Based on these findings, it may be possible to enhance the effects of rehabilitation in a clinical setting by promoting patients’ memorization using outer speech to vocalize the contents of training.
