Heterogeneous cellular networks(HCNs)are envisioned as a promising architecture to provide seamless wireless coverage and increase network capacity.However,the densified multi-tier network architecture introduces exce...Heterogeneous cellular networks(HCNs)are envisioned as a promising architecture to provide seamless wireless coverage and increase network capacity.However,the densified multi-tier network architecture introduces excessive intra-and cross-tier interference and makes HCNs vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks.In this article,a dynamic spectrum control(DSC)-assisted transmission scheme is proposed for HCNs to strengthen network security and increase the network capacity.Specifically,the proposed DSC-assisted transmission scheme leverages the idea of block cryptography to generate sequence families,which represent the transmission decisions,by performing iterative and orthogonal sequence transformations.Based on the sequence families,multiple users can dynamically occupy different frequency slots for data transmission simultaneously.In addition,the collision probability of the data transmission is analyzed,which results in closed-form expressions of the reliable transmission probability and the secrecy probability.Then,the upper and lower bounds of network capacity are further derived with given requirements on the reliable and secure transmission probabilities.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DSC-assisted scheme can outperform the benchmark scheme in terms of security performance.Finally,the impacts of key factors in the proposed DSC-assisted scheme on the network capacity and security are evaluated and discussed.展开更多
In order to avoid the system performance deterioration caused by the wireless fading channel and imperfect channel estimation in cognitive radio networks, the spectrum sharing problem with the consideration of feedbac...In order to avoid the system performance deterioration caused by the wireless fading channel and imperfect channel estimation in cognitive radio networks, the spectrum sharing problem with the consideration of feedback control information from the primary user is analyzed. An improved spectrum sharing algorithm based on the combination of the feedback control information and the optimization algorithm is proposed. The relaxation method is used to achieve the approximate spectrum sharing model, and the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the individual outage probability constraints can be obtained iteratively with the observed outage probability. Simulation results show that the proposed spectrum sharing algorithm can achieve the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the outage probability constraints and reduce the average outage probability without causing maximum transmission rate reduction of the secondary user.展开更多
The secondary usage of spectrum has been investigated in Cognitive Radio(CR) network to resolving the spectrum scarcity issue in wireless communication.When Primary Users(PU) who own the spectrum appear,spectrum hando...The secondary usage of spectrum has been investigated in Cognitive Radio(CR) network to resolving the spectrum scarcity issue in wireless communication.When Primary Users(PU) who own the spectrum appear,spectrum handoff is needed to maintain the communications of Secondary Users.But the decision making of spectrum handoff is a challenge issue for CR network,because the input of decision making,which obtain through spectrum sensing,is heterogeneous and inexact.In this paper we will use fuzzy logic control theory to solve this issue and make use of new information for handoff operation:the probability of PU's occupancy at a certain channel.Our new algorithm can make more intelligent decision compared to simple traditional spectrum handoff decision making and reduce the probability of spectrum handoff,also the performance of SU's communication can be enhanced.展开更多
Higher order spectral analysis can be used to identify nonlinearities in the complex dynamical systems.This proposal shows that the contributions of the bispectrum,trispectrum,reconstructed bispectrum and reconstructe...Higher order spectral analysis can be used to identify nonlinearities in the complex dynamical systems.This proposal shows that the contributions of the bispectrum,trispectrum,reconstructed bispectrum and reconstructed power spectrum in terms of the system frequency response function and elementary physical properties of the MR damping system.Subsequent estimates of the HOS based on the output stochastic oscillating signals appear distinct variation.An experimental platform for MR vibrating semi-active control is built,proper simplifications are presented,an AR(10) model is established with colored noises from the output signals.Comparison between power spectrum from second order moment function and bispectrum,trispectrum are taken.The later gives an indication of the correlation between the phases of different frequency components.Since time series model is a parametric model,the reconstructed bispectrum and power spectrum are smooth.It is demonstrated that the higher order spectra are effectively for recognition and description of nonlinear systems.展开更多
A schematic to make the spectra of the exterior noise of high speed railway was put forward. The exterior noise spectrum was defined based on the characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise. Its characteris...A schematic to make the spectra of the exterior noise of high speed railway was put forward. The exterior noise spectrum was defined based on the characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise. Its characteristics considered here include identifying the exterior main sources and their locations, their frequency components including the Doppler effect due to the noise sources moving at high speed, the sound field intensity around the train in high-speed operation, the sound radiation path out of the train, and the pressure level and frequency components of the noise at the measuring points specified by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO). The characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise of the high speed railways in operation were introduced. The advanced measuring systems and their principles for clearly indentifying the exterior noise sources were discussed in detail. Based on the concerned noise results measured at sites, a prediction model was developed to calculate the sound level and the characteristics of the exterior noise at any point where it is difficult to measure and to help to make the exterior noise spectrums. This model was also verified with the test results. The verification shows that there is a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.展开更多
Carrier frequency and symbol rate estimation are the main contents of parameter estimation,which is the basis of modulation recognition and further processing of signals especially in non-cooperative communication.Wit...Carrier frequency and symbol rate estimation are the main contents of parameter estimation,which is the basis of modulation recognition and further processing of signals especially in non-cooperative communication.With the development of wireless communication,the signal transmission environment has become increasingly bad,causing more difficulties in parameter estimation.It is well known that the signal cycle spectrum is robust to noises and signal parameters are closely related.In practice,it is impossible to calculate the cyclic spectrum of infinite length data signals.When using finite length data to obtain a cycle spectrum,the truncation noise is induced,resulting in interference.It is necessary to overcome the influence of noises in order to improve the detection ability of discrete spectral lines.An improved method of the discrete spectral line extraction algorithm is proposed by reflecting the amplitude advantage of discrete spectral lines through salient features of continuous noises in discrete spectral line neighborhood.展开更多
In this paper, a chaos system and proportional differential control are both used to detect the frequency of an unknown signal. In traditional methods the useful signal is obtained through the Duffing equation or othe...In this paper, a chaos system and proportional differential control are both used to detect the frequency of an unknown signal. In traditional methods the useful signal is obtained through the Duffing equation or other chaotic oscillators. But these methods are too complex because of using a lot of chaos oscillators. In this paper a new method is presented that uses the Rossler equation and proportional differential control to detect a weak signal frequency. Substituting the detected signal frequency into the RSssler equation leads the Rossler phase state to be considerably changed. The chaos state can be controlled through the proportional differential method. Through its phase diagram and spectrum analysis, the unknown frequency is obtained. The simulation results verify that the presented method is feasible and that the detection accuracy is higher than those of other methods.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61825104 and 91638204)the China Scholarship Council(CSC)+1 种基金the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of CanadaUniversity Innovation Platform Project(2019921815KYPT009JC011)。
文摘Heterogeneous cellular networks(HCNs)are envisioned as a promising architecture to provide seamless wireless coverage and increase network capacity.However,the densified multi-tier network architecture introduces excessive intra-and cross-tier interference and makes HCNs vulnerable to eavesdropping attacks.In this article,a dynamic spectrum control(DSC)-assisted transmission scheme is proposed for HCNs to strengthen network security and increase the network capacity.Specifically,the proposed DSC-assisted transmission scheme leverages the idea of block cryptography to generate sequence families,which represent the transmission decisions,by performing iterative and orthogonal sequence transformations.Based on the sequence families,multiple users can dynamically occupy different frequency slots for data transmission simultaneously.In addition,the collision probability of the data transmission is analyzed,which results in closed-form expressions of the reliable transmission probability and the secrecy probability.Then,the upper and lower bounds of network capacity are further derived with given requirements on the reliable and secure transmission probabilities.Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed DSC-assisted scheme can outperform the benchmark scheme in terms of security performance.Finally,the impacts of key factors in the proposed DSC-assisted scheme on the network capacity and security are evaluated and discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61073183)the Natural Science Foundation for the Youth of Heilongjiang Province (QC2012C070)
文摘In order to avoid the system performance deterioration caused by the wireless fading channel and imperfect channel estimation in cognitive radio networks, the spectrum sharing problem with the consideration of feedback control information from the primary user is analyzed. An improved spectrum sharing algorithm based on the combination of the feedback control information and the optimization algorithm is proposed. The relaxation method is used to achieve the approximate spectrum sharing model, and the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the individual outage probability constraints can be obtained iteratively with the observed outage probability. Simulation results show that the proposed spectrum sharing algorithm can achieve the spectrum sharing strategy that satisfies the outage probability constraints and reduce the average outage probability without causing maximum transmission rate reduction of the secondary user.
基金Supported by the High-Tech Research and Development Program (863 Program) of China (No. 2009AA011801 and 2009AA012002)the National Fundamental Research Program of China (No. A1420080150)+3 种基金the National Basic Research Program (973 Program) of China (No. 2009CB320405)National Grand Special Science and Technology Project of China (No. 2008ZX03005-001, No. 2009ZX03007-004, No. 2009ZX03005-002, No. 2009ZX 03005-004, No. 2010ZX03006-002-02)the Foundation Project of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications (No. 9140C0202061004)Special Project on Broadband Wireless Access sponsored by Huawei co., ltd
文摘The secondary usage of spectrum has been investigated in Cognitive Radio(CR) network to resolving the spectrum scarcity issue in wireless communication.When Primary Users(PU) who own the spectrum appear,spectrum handoff is needed to maintain the communications of Secondary Users.But the decision making of spectrum handoff is a challenge issue for CR network,because the input of decision making,which obtain through spectrum sensing,is heterogeneous and inexact.In this paper we will use fuzzy logic control theory to solve this issue and make use of new information for handoff operation:the probability of PU's occupancy at a certain channel.Our new algorithm can make more intelligent decision compared to simple traditional spectrum handoff decision making and reduce the probability of spectrum handoff,also the performance of SU's communication can be enhanced.
基金Project(A0610020) supported by the Natural Science of Fujian Province of China
文摘Higher order spectral analysis can be used to identify nonlinearities in the complex dynamical systems.This proposal shows that the contributions of the bispectrum,trispectrum,reconstructed bispectrum and reconstructed power spectrum in terms of the system frequency response function and elementary physical properties of the MR damping system.Subsequent estimates of the HOS based on the output stochastic oscillating signals appear distinct variation.An experimental platform for MR vibrating semi-active control is built,proper simplifications are presented,an AR(10) model is established with colored noises from the output signals.Comparison between power spectrum from second order moment function and bispectrum,trispectrum are taken.The later gives an indication of the correlation between the phases of different frequency components.Since time series model is a parametric model,the reconstructed bispectrum and power spectrum are smooth.It is demonstrated that the higher order spectra are effectively for recognition and description of nonlinear systems.
基金Project(2682013BR009)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of the Central Universities,ChinaProject(2011AA11A103-2-2)the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘A schematic to make the spectra of the exterior noise of high speed railway was put forward. The exterior noise spectrum was defined based on the characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise. Its characteristics considered here include identifying the exterior main sources and their locations, their frequency components including the Doppler effect due to the noise sources moving at high speed, the sound field intensity around the train in high-speed operation, the sound radiation path out of the train, and the pressure level and frequency components of the noise at the measuring points specified by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO). The characteristics of the high-speed train exterior noise of the high speed railways in operation were introduced. The advanced measuring systems and their principles for clearly indentifying the exterior noise sources were discussed in detail. Based on the concerned noise results measured at sites, a prediction model was developed to calculate the sound level and the characteristics of the exterior noise at any point where it is difficult to measure and to help to make the exterior noise spectrums. This model was also verified with the test results. The verification shows that there is a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFB0800203)
文摘Carrier frequency and symbol rate estimation are the main contents of parameter estimation,which is the basis of modulation recognition and further processing of signals especially in non-cooperative communication.With the development of wireless communication,the signal transmission environment has become increasingly bad,causing more difficulties in parameter estimation.It is well known that the signal cycle spectrum is robust to noises and signal parameters are closely related.In practice,it is impossible to calculate the cyclic spectrum of infinite length data signals.When using finite length data to obtain a cycle spectrum,the truncation noise is induced,resulting in interference.It is necessary to overcome the influence of noises in order to improve the detection ability of discrete spectral lines.An improved method of the discrete spectral line extraction algorithm is proposed by reflecting the amplitude advantage of discrete spectral lines through salient features of continuous noises in discrete spectral line neighborhood.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60877065)Science and Technology Innovation Talents Special Funds of Harbin,China (Grant No. RC2008XK009004)the Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department,China (Grant No. 11544035)
文摘In this paper, a chaos system and proportional differential control are both used to detect the frequency of an unknown signal. In traditional methods the useful signal is obtained through the Duffing equation or other chaotic oscillators. But these methods are too complex because of using a lot of chaos oscillators. In this paper a new method is presented that uses the Rossler equation and proportional differential control to detect a weak signal frequency. Substituting the detected signal frequency into the RSssler equation leads the Rossler phase state to be considerably changed. The chaos state can be controlled through the proportional differential method. Through its phase diagram and spectrum analysis, the unknown frequency is obtained. The simulation results verify that the presented method is feasible and that the detection accuracy is higher than those of other methods.
