In this editorial,we comment on the recent article by Fei et al exploring the field of near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)research in schizophrenia from a bibliometrics perspective.In recent years,NIRS has shown unique a...In this editorial,we comment on the recent article by Fei et al exploring the field of near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)research in schizophrenia from a bibliometrics perspective.In recent years,NIRS has shown unique advantages in the auxiliary diagnosis of schizophrenia,and the introduction of bibliometrics has provided a macro perspective for research in this field.Despite the opportunities brought about by these technological developments,remaining challenges require multidi-sciplinary approach to devise a reliable and accurate diagnosis system for schizo-phrenia.Nonetheless,NIRS-assisted technology is expected to contribute to the division of methods for early intervention and treatment of schizophrenia.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the characteristics and significance of near-infrared brain function imaging in patients with depressive disorder after administration of propofol injection.Methods:A total of 28 subjects with...Objective:To investigate the characteristics and significance of near-infrared brain function imaging in patients with depressive disorder after administration of propofol injection.Methods:A total of 28 subjects with depressive disorder diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria were selected from Xi’an Mental Health Center between January 2022 and January 2025.They were randomly divided into an experimental group(propofol group,n=14)and a control group(intralipid group,n=14)using a random number table.The changes in integral value(IV)and centroid value(CV)of the two patient groups before and after treatment were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)technology.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in HAMD scores between the two groups of patients at 24 h before treatment(P>0.05).Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that both time factor(Ftime=32.237,Ptime<0.001),group factor(Fgroup=47.027,Pgroup<0.001),and their interaction(Finteraction=31.829,Pinteraction<0.001)were statistically significant.The centroid values of the frontal and temporal lobes were consistent at baseline before treatment,with no intra-group changes or inter-group differences at any time point after treatment(P>0.05).The integral values of the frontal and temporal lobes were consistent between the two groups at baseline before treatment,and both showed a time-dependent increase after treatment(Ptime<0.05).However,the increase in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group(Pgroup<0.05),with a significant interaction effect(Pinteraction<0.05).Conclusion:fNIRS detected specific acute hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal and temporal regions of patients with depressive disorder after propofol intervention.These changes may be related to the mechanism of action of propofol.However,this study did not confirm a direct linear correlation between changes in integral/centroid values and the degree of clinical improvement in depressive symptoms.Propofol intervention combined with deep anesthesia rapidly improved depressive symptoms and was accompanied by enhanced hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal/temporal regions,though its specificity requires further validation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may experience emotional issues and cognitive impairment.However,it remains unclear whether the brain mediates the impact of COVID-19 on the emergence of...BACKGROUND Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may experience emotional issues and cognitive impairment.However,it remains unclear whether the brain mediates the impact of COVID-19 on the emergence of psychopathological symptoms.It remains unclear whether anxiety and depression are caused by stressors or viral infection.AIM To use functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to detect cortical hemodynamic changes in patients with COVID-19 and their relationship with mental symptoms(mainly depression and anxiety),to investigate whether COVID-19 causes these changes by affecting brain function.METHODS A total of 58 subjects,comprising 29 patients with first acute COVID-19 infection and 29 healthy controls without COVID-19 infection and without anxiety or depression were recruited.Then cortical activation during the performance of the verbal fluency test(VFT)and brain connectivity during the resting state(rs)were evaluated by 53-channel fNIRS.For the COVID-19-infected group,Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)were used to assess the emotional state before fNIRS measures.RESULTS For the rs,compared to the uninfected group,the infected group exhibited lower rs functional connectivity(FC)in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),which was correlated with both the PHQ score and GAD score.During the VFT,the infected group exhibited significantly lower cortical activation than the uninfected group in both Broca-left and Broca-right.Besides,the integral value in the DLPFC-L showed a significant negative correlation with the PHQ-9 score during the VFT in the infected group.CONCLUSION There were significant differences in the bilateral Broca area and DLPFC between the COVID-19-infected and uninfected groups,which may be the reason why COVID-19 infection impairs cognitive function and language function and leads to psychiatric symptoms.In addition,the rsFC in patients with COVID-19 was positively correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety,which may be related to the fact that the mental symptoms of patients with COVID-19 are characterized by depression and anxiety,rather than depression or anxiety alone.Our study provides evidence that the psychological and emotional issues caused by COVID-19 are not only due to external social factors but also involve more direct brain neural mechanisms and abnormal neural circuits,which also provide insights into the future treatment and prognosis of individuals with COVID-19.展开更多
To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.Howeve...To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.However,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their abundance.To address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest classifier.The effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated.PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate.All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was proposed.The method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different backgrounds.In summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.展开更多
The recovery of motor function in spastic hemiplegia following stroke is closely associated with cortical reorganisation.This study aimed to investigate the effects of warm acupuncture combined with rehabilitation tra...The recovery of motor function in spastic hemiplegia following stroke is closely associated with cortical reorganisation.This study aimed to investigate the effects of warm acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on cortical activity and upper limb function using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Ninety patients were randomly assigned to a warm acupuncture group,a rehabilitation training group,or a combined intervention group.After four weeks of intervention,clinical scores and changes in oxyhaemoglobin concentration in the affected motor cortex were assessed.Results demonstrated that the combined intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in Fugl-Meyer scores,reduced muscle tone,and enhanced activation in the affected primary motor cortex compared to the single intervention groups.Furthermore,functional improvement was significantly correlated with cortical activation changes.These findings indicate a synergistic effect between warm acupuncture and rehabilitation training,potentially mediated through promoting functional reorganisation of the affected cerebral cortex.This provides neuroimaging evidence supporting integrated Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation protocols.展开更多
Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson...Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson’s disease,and mental disorders.Although significant advances have been made in neuromodulation technologies,the identification of optimal neurostimulation paramete rs including the co rtical target,duration,and inhibition or excitation pattern is still limited due to the lack of guidance for neural circuits.Moreove r,the neural mechanism unde rlying neuromodulation for improved behavioral performance remains poorly understood.Recently,advancements in neuroimaging have provided insight into neuromodulation techniques.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy,as a novel non-invasive optical brain imaging method,can detect brain activity by measuring cerebral hemodynamics with the advantages of portability,high motion tole rance,and anti-electromagnetic interference.Coupling functional near-infra red spectroscopy with neuromodulation technologies offe rs an opportunity to monitor the cortical response,provide realtime feedbac k,and establish a closed-loop strategy integrating evaluation,feedbac k,and intervention for neurostimulation,which provides a theoretical basis for development of individualized precise neuro rehabilitation.We aimed to summarize the advantages of functional near-infra red spectroscopy and provide an ove rview of the current research on functional near-infrared spectroscopy in transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and braincomputer interfaces.Furthermore,the future perspectives and directions for the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neuromodulation are summarized.In conclusion,functional near-infrared spectroscopy combined with neuromodulation may promote the optimization of central pellral reorganization to achieve better functional recovery form central nervous system diseases.展开更多
After stroke,even high-functioning individuals may experience compromised bimanual coordination and fine motor dexterity,leading to reduced functional independence.Bilateral arm training has been proposed as a promisi...After stroke,even high-functioning individuals may experience compromised bimanual coordination and fine motor dexterity,leading to reduced functional independence.Bilateral arm training has been proposed as a promising intervention to address these deficits.However,the neural basis of the impairment of functional fine motor skills and their relationship to bimanual coordination performance in stroke patients remains unclear,limiting the development of more targeted interventions.To address this gap,our study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate cortical responses in patients after stroke as they perform functional tasks that engage fine motor control and coordination.Twenty-four high-functioning patients with ischemic stroke(7 women,17 men;mean age 64.75±10.84 years)participated in this cross-sectional observational study and completed four subtasks from the Purdue Pegboard Test,which measures unimanual and bimanual finger and hand dexterity.We found significant bilateral activation of the sensorimotor cortices during all Purdue Pegboard Test subtasks,with bimanual tasks inducing higher cortical activation than the assembly subtask.Importantly,patients with better bimanual coordination exhibited lower cortical activation during the other three Purdue Pegboard Test subtasks.Notably,the observed neural response patterns varied depending on the specific subtask.In the unaffected hand task,the differences were primarily observed in the ipsilesional hemisphere.In contrast,the bilateral sensorimotor cortices and the contralesional hemisphere played a more prominent role in the bimanual task and assembly task,respectively.While significant correlations were found between cortical activation and unimanual tasks,no significant correlations were observed with bimanual tasks.This study provides insights into the neural basis of bimanual coordination and fine motor skills in high-functioning patients after stroke,highlighting task-dependent neural responses.The findings also suggest that patients who exhibit better bimanual performance demonstrate more efficient cortical activation.Therefore,incorporating bilateral arm training in post-stroke rehabilitation is important for better outcomes.The combination of functional near-infrared spectroscopy with functional motor paradigms is valuable for assessing skills and developing targeted interventions in stroke rehabilitation.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the quality of Moyao(Myrrh)in the identification of the geographical origin and processing of the products.METHODS:Raw Moyao(Myrrh)and two kinds of Moyao(Myrrh)processed with vinegar from three c...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the quality of Moyao(Myrrh)in the identification of the geographical origin and processing of the products.METHODS:Raw Moyao(Myrrh)and two kinds of Moyao(Myrrh)processed with vinegar from three countries were identified using near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and visualize the clustering of samples from different categories.A classical chemometric algorithm(PLS-DA)and two machine learning algorithms[K-nearest neighbor(KNN)and support vector machine]were used to conduct a classification analysis of the near-infrared spectra of the Moyao(Myrrh)samples,and their discriminative performance was evaluated.RESULTS:Based on the accuracy,precision,recall rate,and F1 value in each model,the results showed that the classical chemometric algorithm and the machine learning algorithm obtained positive results.In all of the chemometric analyses,the NIR spectrum of Moyao(Myrrh)preprocessed by standard normal variation or Multivariate scattering correction combined with KNN achieved the highest accuracy in identifying the geographical origins,and the accuracy of identifying the processing technology established by the KNN method after first-order derivative pretreatment was the best.The best accuracy of geographical origin discrimination and processing technology discrimination were 0.9853 and 0.9706 respectively.CONCLUSIONS:NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric technology can be an important tool for tracking the origin and processing technology of Moyao(Myrrh)and can also provide a reference for evaluations of its quality and the clinical use.展开更多
BACKGROUND Compared with current methods used to assess schizophrenia,near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)has the advantages of providing noninvasive and real-time monitoring of functional activities of the brain and prov...BACKGROUND Compared with current methods used to assess schizophrenia,near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)has the advantages of providing noninvasive and real-time monitoring of functional activities of the brain and providing direct and objective assessment information.AIM To explore the research field of NIRS in schizophrenia from the perspective of bibliometrics.METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection was used as the search tool,and the last search date was April 21,2024.Bibliometric indicators,such as the numbers of publications and citations,were recorded.Bibliometrix and VOS viewer were used for visualization analysis.RESULTS A total of 355 articles from 105 journals were included in the analysis.The overall trend of the number of research publications increased.Schizophrenia Research was identified as an influential journal in the field.Kasai K was one of the most influential and productive authors in this area of research.The University of Tokyo and Japan had the highest scientific output for an institution and a country,respectively.The top ten keywords were“schizophrenia”,“activation”,“near-infrared spectroscopy”,“verbal fluency task”,“cortex”,“brain,performance”,“workingmemory”,“brain activation”,and“prefrontal cortex”.CONCLUSION Our study reveals the evolution of knowledge and emerging trends in the field of NIRS in schizophrenia.the research focus is shifting from underlying disease characteristics to more in-depth studies of brain function and physiological mechanisms.展开更多
This compendium review focuses on the spatial distribution of sensitivity to localized absorption changes in optically diffuse media,particularly for measurements relevant to near-infrared spectroscopy.The three tempo...This compendium review focuses on the spatial distribution of sensitivity to localized absorption changes in optically diffuse media,particularly for measurements relevant to near-infrared spectroscopy.The three temporal domains,continuous wave,frequency domain,and time domain,each obtain different optical data types whose changes may be related to effective homogeneous changes in the absorption coefficient.Sensitivity is the relationship between a localized perturbation and the recovered effective homogeneous absorption change.Therefore,spatial sensitivity maps representing the perturbation location can be generated for the numerous optical data types in the three temporal domains.The review first presents a history of the past 30 years of work investigating this sensitivity in optically diffuse media.These works are experimental and theoretical,presenting one-,two-,and three-dimensional sensitivity maps for different Near-Infrared Spectroscopy methods,domains,and data types.Following this history,we present a compendium of sensitivity maps organized by temporal domain and then data type.This compendium provides a valuable tool to compare the spatial sensitivity of various measurement methods and parameters in one document.Methods for one to generate these maps are provided in Appendix A,including the code.This historical review and comprehensive sensitivity map compendium provides a single source researchers may use to visualize,investigate,compare,and generate sensitivity to localized absorption change maps.展开更多
Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional breeding.In this study,Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS)was applied to rapidly assess ge...Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional breeding.In this study,Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS)was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples,field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environmentbased sets:one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population,evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries,Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal,under rainfed conditions.NIR elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample,after three rotation scans,with a spectral resolution of 16 cm-1over the spectral range of867 nm to 2530 nm.Spectra were then processed by principal component analysis(PCA)coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).As results,a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between environments.The magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 nm,usually related to oil content and fatty acid composition.PCA yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs(i.e.,eigenvalues>10),which together captured 93%of the total variation,revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters,corresponding to the four samples sets.The pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers,remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection,turning out to be the largest.Interestingly,a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6%was achieved for the four sets,aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment origin.The confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100%of instances classified correctly with 100%at both sensitivity and specificity,confirming that their seed quality was different from each other and all other samples.Overall,NIRS chemometrics is useful to assess and distinguish seeds from different environments and highlights the value of the interspecific population and core-collection,as a source of nutritional diversity,to support the breeding efforts.展开更多
Corn stalks are a kind of common organic fertilizer and feed material in agriculture in China,as well as an important source of modern biomass energy and new materials.Hemicellulose is an important component in corn s...Corn stalks are a kind of common organic fertilizer and feed material in agriculture in China,as well as an important source of modern biomass energy and new materials.Hemicellulose is an important component in corn stalks,and it is very important to determine its content in corn stalks.In this paper,the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)combined with chemometrics for rapid detection of hemicellulose content in corn stalks was studied.In order to improve the accuracy of NIRS detection,a new intelligent optimization algorithm,dung beetle optimizer(DBO),was applied to select characteristic wavelengths of NIRS.Its modeling performance was compared with that based on characteristic wavelength selection using genetic algorithm(GA)and binary particle swarm optimization(BPSO),and it was found that the characteristic wavelength selection performance of DBO was excellent,and the regression accuracy of hemicellulose quantitative detection model established by its preferred characteristic wavelengths was better than the above two intelligent optimization algorithms.展开更多
Britton Chance has pioneered magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy(NIRS)as noninvasive methods for measuring muscle metabolism in vivo from the late 1970s.This review honoring Britton ...Britton Chance has pioneered magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy(NIRS)as noninvasive methods for measuring muscle metabolism in vivo from the late 1970s.This review honoring Britton Chance will highlight the progress that has been made in developing and utilizing MRS and NIRS technologies for evaluating skeletal muscle O_(2) dynamics and energetics.Adaptation of MRS and NIRS technology has focused on the validity and reliability of the measurements and extending the methods in physiological and clinical research.Britton Chance has conducted MRS and NIRS research on elite athletes and a number of chronic health conditions,including patients with chronic heart failure,peripheral vascular disease,and neuromuscular myopathies.As MRS and NIRS technologies are practical and useful for measuring human muscle metabolism,we will strive to continue Chance's legacy by advancing muscle MRS and NIRS studies.展开更多
Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at Kongzui（孔最LU 6）,Sanyinjiao（三阴交 SP 6） and Zusanli（足三里 ST 36） on cerebral blood oxygenation level and explore the relevance between acupuncture and cerebra...Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at Kongzui（孔最LU 6）,Sanyinjiao（三阴交 SP 6） and Zusanli（足三里 ST 36） on cerebral blood oxygenation level and explore the relevance between acupuncture and cerebral blood oxygenation level using near-infrared spectroscopy（NIRS）.Methods Quasi-randomized design（random test sequence） was used.In clinical trial ①,placebo acupuncture was applied at Baihui（百会GV 20） of18 adults.In clinical trial ②,54 adults were divided into three groups with 18 each in which acupuncture was applied at LU 6,SP 6 and ST 36 respectively.Before and after acupuncture,verbal fluency test（VFT） was performed and the blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex was measured using NIRS.Quantized data was processed with JMP10.0.2 software and SPSS software.Results In clinical trial ①,the mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 10.8 mMcm·s and 9.2 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at GV 20 in placebo acupuncture group.There was no significant difference in the cerebral blood oxygenation level after acupuncture.In clinical trial ②,the mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygen level were18.1 mMcm·s and 8.6 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at LU 6 in[LU 6]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was significantly decreased after acupuncture（P = 0.001）.The mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 16.1 mMcm·s and 17.4 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at SP 6 in[SP 6]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was slightly increased after acupuncture,but the increase was not statistically significant.The mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 13.8 mMcnvs and 10.1 mMcnvs respectively before and after acupuncture at ST 36 in[ST 36]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was slightly deceased after acupuncture,but the increase was not statistically significant.Conclusion The cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head was decreased by acupuncture at LU 6,the cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head was intended to decrease by acupuncture at ST 36.The cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head is intended to increase by acupuncture at SP 6.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to establish a near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of Guizhou Aspidistra plants. [Method] Twenty three batch- es of Guizhou Aspidistra plants including A. chishuiensis, ...[Objective] This study was conducted to establish a near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of Guizhou Aspidistra plants. [Method] Twenty three batch- es of Guizhou Aspidistra plants including A. chishuiensis, A. spinula, A. Caespitosa, A. sichuanensis, A. ebianensis, A. retusa, A. guizhouensis and A. liboensis were subjected to drying, pulverization and sieving and then directly determined for near- infrared reflectance spectrums; and the plants in this genus were classified by clus- ter analysis and principal component analysis （PCA）. [Result] The near-infrared re- flectance spectrums of the 23 batches of Guizhou Aspidistra plants showed very high similarity. The spectrums were processed by first derivative method, and the spectral range of 4 000-7 500 cm-1 was selected as the analytical range. Cluster analysis and PCA were employed to mass spectrum variables of plants in Aspidis- tra, fewer new variables became the linear combination of primary variables, and small differences between different varieties were enlarged, thereby facilitating intu- itive classification of plants in this genus. [Conclusion] Near-infrared diffuse re- flectance spectroscopy is nondestructive and rapid for determination of solid sam- pies, and provides a new method for the classification of Guizhou Aspidistra plants combined by information processing techniques.展开更多
Sweetpotato starch thermal properties and its noodle quality were analyzed using a rapid predictive method based on near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS）. This method was established based on a total of 93 sweetpotato g...Sweetpotato starch thermal properties and its noodle quality were analyzed using a rapid predictive method based on near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS）. This method was established based on a total of 93 sweetpotato genotypes with diverse genetic background. Starch samples were scanned by NIRS and analyzed for quality properties by reference methods. Results of statistical modelling indicated that NIRS was reasonably accurate in predicting gelatinization onset temperature （To） （standard error of prediction SEP=2.014 ℃, coefficient of determination RSQ=0.85）, gelatinization peak temperature （Tp） （SEP=-1.371 ℃, RSQ=0.89）, gelatinization temperature range （Tr） （SEP=2.234 ℃, RSQ=0.86）, and cooling resistance （CR） （SEP=0.528, RSQ=0.89）. Gelatinization completion temperature （To）, enthalpy of gelatinization （△H）, cooling loss （CL） and swelling degree （SWD）, were modelled less well with RSQ between 0.63 and 0.84. The present results suggested that the NIRS based method was sufficiently accurate and practical for routine analysis of sweetpotato starch and its noodle quality.展开更多
A method for quantitative determination of fish sperm deoxyribonucleic acid(fsDNA)was developed by using titanium dioxide(TiO2)as an adsorbent and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS).The selective e...A method for quantitative determination of fish sperm deoxyribonucleic acid(fsDNA)was developed by using titanium dioxide(TiO2)as an adsorbent and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS).The selective enrichment of fsDNA was proved by comparing the adsorption efficiency of bovine serum albumin,tyrosine and tryptophan,and the low adsorption background of TiO2 was illustrated by comparing the spectra of four commonly-used inorganic adsorbents(alkaline aluminium oxide,neutral aluminium oxide,nano-hydroxyapatite and silica).The spectral feature of fsDNA can be clearly observed in the spectrum of the sample.Partial least squares(PLS)model was built for quantitative determination of fsDNA using 28 solutions,and 13 solutions with interferences were used for validation of the model.The results showed that the correlation coefficient(R)between the predicted and the reference concentration is 0.9727 and the recoveries of the validation samples are in the range of 98.2%-100.7%.展开更多
The near-infrared（NIR） diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to study the content of Berberine in the processed Coptis. The allocated proportions of Coptis to ginger, yellow liquor or Evodia rutaecarpa changed a...The near-infrared（NIR） diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to study the content of Berberine in the processed Coptis. The allocated proportions of Coptis to ginger, yellow liquor or Evodia rutaecarpa changed according to the results of orthogonal design as well as the temperature. For as withdrawing the full and effective information from the spectral data as possible, the spectral data was preprocessed through first derivative and multiplicative scatter correetion（MSC） according to the optimization results of different preprocessing methods. Firstly, the model was established by partial least squares（PLS）; the coefficient of determination（R2） of the prediction was 0.839, the root mean squared error of prediction（RMSEP） was 0.1422, and the mean relative error（RME） was 0.0276. Secondly, for reducing the dimension and removing noise, the spectral variables were highly effectively compressed via the wavelet transformation（WT） technology and the Haar wavelet was selected to decompose the spectral signals. After the wavelet coefficients from WT were input into the artificial neural network（ANN） instead of the spectra signal, the quantitative analysis model of Berberine in processed Coptis was established. The R^2 of the model was 0.9153, the RMSEP was 0.0444, and the RME was 0.0091. The values of appraisal index, namely R^2, RMSECV, and RME, indicate that the generalization ability and prediction precision of ANN are superior to those of PLS. The overall results show that NIR spectroscopy combined with ANN can be efficiently utilized for the rapid and accurate analysis of routine chemical compositions in Coptis. Accordingly, the result can provide technical support for the further analysis of Berberine and other components in processed Coptis. Simultaneously, the research can also offer the foundation of quantitative analysis of other NIR application.展开更多
Near-infrared spectra of pathogenic bacteria (salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes ) were determined, and the spectral data were analyzed by the projection discriminant analysis based on principal component analysis ...Near-infrared spectra of pathogenic bacteria (salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes ) were determined, and the spectral data were analyzed by the projection discriminant analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA). The expected results were obtained. The results showed that salmonella and L. monocytogenes could be distinguished from each other by the near-infrared spectroscopy of the whole cells, cell walls or cytoplasm.展开更多
Stroke is caused by an acute focal disruption of the vasculature in the central nervous system.Neurological-related functional deficits are the most devastating consequences for stroke survi-vors.Neural signals from s...Stroke is caused by an acute focal disruption of the vasculature in the central nervous system.Neurological-related functional deficits are the most devastating consequences for stroke survi-vors.Neural signals from stroke patients can reflect the functional statuses of patients and provide insights into the neuronal recovery mechanism for functioning,which could be used as the basis for designing optimal treatment strategies.Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)is a low-cost,noninvasive,easily operated neuroimage method and it is compatible with various rehabilitative programs.These advantages make NIRS an excellent candidate in research for stroke recovery.Here,we focused on the brain functions and recovery for stroke patients at stable status,conducted a systematic literature review about NIRS applications in stroke since 2000 and identified a total of 72 references through ScienceDirect and PubMed database retrieval.The NIRS studies in stroke include resting-state function and its recovery,motor function and itsrecovery,motor and cognition interference,cognitive function and its recovery,language function and its recovery,emotional function and its recovery and other applications.Based on the results of the quality assessment,we identified some study gaps from the previous research and provided suggestions for some methodological improvement in the future.The trend of NIRS gives a boost to its application in stroke,and the potential research directions for NIRS in stroke are pros-pected,including multi-center clinical research,treatment efficacy prediction research and brain-muscle coupling research.Finally,limitations of NIRS are discussed.展开更多
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the recent article by Fei et al exploring the field of near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)research in schizophrenia from a bibliometrics perspective.In recent years,NIRS has shown unique advantages in the auxiliary diagnosis of schizophrenia,and the introduction of bibliometrics has provided a macro perspective for research in this field.Despite the opportunities brought about by these technological developments,remaining challenges require multidi-sciplinary approach to devise a reliable and accurate diagnosis system for schizo-phrenia.Nonetheless,NIRS-assisted technology is expected to contribute to the division of methods for early intervention and treatment of schizophrenia.
基金A Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial of Propofol Injection for Depressive Disorder,Xi’an Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(Project No.:22YXYJ0035)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the characteristics and significance of near-infrared brain function imaging in patients with depressive disorder after administration of propofol injection.Methods:A total of 28 subjects with depressive disorder diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria were selected from Xi’an Mental Health Center between January 2022 and January 2025.They were randomly divided into an experimental group(propofol group,n=14)and a control group(intralipid group,n=14)using a random number table.The changes in integral value(IV)and centroid value(CV)of the two patient groups before and after treatment were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)technology.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in HAMD scores between the two groups of patients at 24 h before treatment(P>0.05).Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that both time factor(Ftime=32.237,Ptime<0.001),group factor(Fgroup=47.027,Pgroup<0.001),and their interaction(Finteraction=31.829,Pinteraction<0.001)were statistically significant.The centroid values of the frontal and temporal lobes were consistent at baseline before treatment,with no intra-group changes or inter-group differences at any time point after treatment(P>0.05).The integral values of the frontal and temporal lobes were consistent between the two groups at baseline before treatment,and both showed a time-dependent increase after treatment(Ptime<0.05).However,the increase in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group(Pgroup<0.05),with a significant interaction effect(Pinteraction<0.05).Conclusion:fNIRS detected specific acute hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal and temporal regions of patients with depressive disorder after propofol intervention.These changes may be related to the mechanism of action of propofol.However,this study did not confirm a direct linear correlation between changes in integral/centroid values and the degree of clinical improvement in depressive symptoms.Propofol intervention combined with deep anesthesia rapidly improved depressive symptoms and was accompanied by enhanced hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal/temporal regions,though its specificity requires further validation.
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Scientific Research Plan Project of Traditional Chinese MedicineNational Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371521Special Tasks for the Construction of Hunan Innovative Province,No.2023SK4002.
文摘BACKGROUND Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may experience emotional issues and cognitive impairment.However,it remains unclear whether the brain mediates the impact of COVID-19 on the emergence of psychopathological symptoms.It remains unclear whether anxiety and depression are caused by stressors or viral infection.AIM To use functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to detect cortical hemodynamic changes in patients with COVID-19 and their relationship with mental symptoms(mainly depression and anxiety),to investigate whether COVID-19 causes these changes by affecting brain function.METHODS A total of 58 subjects,comprising 29 patients with first acute COVID-19 infection and 29 healthy controls without COVID-19 infection and without anxiety or depression were recruited.Then cortical activation during the performance of the verbal fluency test(VFT)and brain connectivity during the resting state(rs)were evaluated by 53-channel fNIRS.For the COVID-19-infected group,Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)were used to assess the emotional state before fNIRS measures.RESULTS For the rs,compared to the uninfected group,the infected group exhibited lower rs functional connectivity(FC)in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),which was correlated with both the PHQ score and GAD score.During the VFT,the infected group exhibited significantly lower cortical activation than the uninfected group in both Broca-left and Broca-right.Besides,the integral value in the DLPFC-L showed a significant negative correlation with the PHQ-9 score during the VFT in the infected group.CONCLUSION There were significant differences in the bilateral Broca area and DLPFC between the COVID-19-infected and uninfected groups,which may be the reason why COVID-19 infection impairs cognitive function and language function and leads to psychiatric symptoms.In addition,the rsFC in patients with COVID-19 was positively correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety,which may be related to the fact that the mental symptoms of patients with COVID-19 are characterized by depression and anxiety,rather than depression or anxiety alone.Our study provides evidence that the psychological and emotional issues caused by COVID-19 are not only due to external social factors but also involve more direct brain neural mechanisms and abnormal neural circuits,which also provide insights into the future treatment and prognosis of individuals with COVID-19.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276139)the Shanghai’s Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission(No.2022028).
文摘To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.However,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their abundance.To address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest classifier.The effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated.PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate.All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was proposed.The method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different backgrounds.In summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.
基金Jining Key R&D Program:Near-Infrared Brain Imaging Study on the Efficacy of Warm Acupuncture Combined with Rehabilitation Training for Spastic Hemiplegia(Project No.:2024YXNS237)Shandong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project:Project No.M-2023263,Title:Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism of Dual-Point Electroacupuncture Stimulating Bilateral Neiguan Acupoints for Awakening in Severe Craniocerebral Injury Patients Based on Near-Infrared Brain Imaging Technology.
文摘The recovery of motor function in spastic hemiplegia following stroke is closely associated with cortical reorganisation.This study aimed to investigate the effects of warm acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on cortical activity and upper limb function using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Ninety patients were randomly assigned to a warm acupuncture group,a rehabilitation training group,or a combined intervention group.After four weeks of intervention,clinical scores and changes in oxyhaemoglobin concentration in the affected motor cortex were assessed.Results demonstrated that the combined intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in Fugl-Meyer scores,reduced muscle tone,and enhanced activation in the affected primary motor cortex compared to the single intervention groups.Furthermore,functional improvement was significantly correlated with cortical activation changes.These findings indicate a synergistic effect between warm acupuncture and rehabilitation training,potentially mediated through promoting functional reorganisation of the affected cerebral cortex.This provides neuroimaging evidence supporting integrated Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation protocols.
文摘Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson’s disease,and mental disorders.Although significant advances have been made in neuromodulation technologies,the identification of optimal neurostimulation paramete rs including the co rtical target,duration,and inhibition or excitation pattern is still limited due to the lack of guidance for neural circuits.Moreove r,the neural mechanism unde rlying neuromodulation for improved behavioral performance remains poorly understood.Recently,advancements in neuroimaging have provided insight into neuromodulation techniques.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy,as a novel non-invasive optical brain imaging method,can detect brain activity by measuring cerebral hemodynamics with the advantages of portability,high motion tole rance,and anti-electromagnetic interference.Coupling functional near-infra red spectroscopy with neuromodulation technologies offe rs an opportunity to monitor the cortical response,provide realtime feedbac k,and establish a closed-loop strategy integrating evaluation,feedbac k,and intervention for neurostimulation,which provides a theoretical basis for development of individualized precise neuro rehabilitation.We aimed to summarize the advantages of functional near-infra red spectroscopy and provide an ove rview of the current research on functional near-infrared spectroscopy in transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and braincomputer interfaces.Furthermore,the future perspectives and directions for the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neuromodulation are summarized.In conclusion,functional near-infrared spectroscopy combined with neuromodulation may promote the optimization of central pellral reorganization to achieve better functional recovery form central nervous system diseases.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China,No.2020YFC2004202(to DX).
文摘After stroke,even high-functioning individuals may experience compromised bimanual coordination and fine motor dexterity,leading to reduced functional independence.Bilateral arm training has been proposed as a promising intervention to address these deficits.However,the neural basis of the impairment of functional fine motor skills and their relationship to bimanual coordination performance in stroke patients remains unclear,limiting the development of more targeted interventions.To address this gap,our study employed functional near-infrared spectroscopy to investigate cortical responses in patients after stroke as they perform functional tasks that engage fine motor control and coordination.Twenty-four high-functioning patients with ischemic stroke(7 women,17 men;mean age 64.75±10.84 years)participated in this cross-sectional observational study and completed four subtasks from the Purdue Pegboard Test,which measures unimanual and bimanual finger and hand dexterity.We found significant bilateral activation of the sensorimotor cortices during all Purdue Pegboard Test subtasks,with bimanual tasks inducing higher cortical activation than the assembly subtask.Importantly,patients with better bimanual coordination exhibited lower cortical activation during the other three Purdue Pegboard Test subtasks.Notably,the observed neural response patterns varied depending on the specific subtask.In the unaffected hand task,the differences were primarily observed in the ipsilesional hemisphere.In contrast,the bilateral sensorimotor cortices and the contralesional hemisphere played a more prominent role in the bimanual task and assembly task,respectively.While significant correlations were found between cortical activation and unimanual tasks,no significant correlations were observed with bimanual tasks.This study provides insights into the neural basis of bimanual coordination and fine motor skills in high-functioning patients after stroke,highlighting task-dependent neural responses.The findings also suggest that patients who exhibit better bimanual performance demonstrate more efficient cortical activation.Therefore,incorporating bilateral arm training in post-stroke rehabilitation is important for better outcomes.The combination of functional near-infrared spectroscopy with functional motor paradigms is valuable for assessing skills and developing targeted interventions in stroke rehabilitation.
基金Jiangxi Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Research Laboratory on the Fundamentals of Chinese Medicine Evidence(Gan TCM Science and Education Word[2022]No.8-4)Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Innovation Team Development Program:Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution-State Identification Health Management Research Team(No.CXTD22016)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the quality of Moyao(Myrrh)in the identification of the geographical origin and processing of the products.METHODS:Raw Moyao(Myrrh)and two kinds of Moyao(Myrrh)processed with vinegar from three countries were identified using near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy combined with chemometric techniques.Principal component analysis(PCA)was used to reduce the dimensionality of the data and visualize the clustering of samples from different categories.A classical chemometric algorithm(PLS-DA)and two machine learning algorithms[K-nearest neighbor(KNN)and support vector machine]were used to conduct a classification analysis of the near-infrared spectra of the Moyao(Myrrh)samples,and their discriminative performance was evaluated.RESULTS:Based on the accuracy,precision,recall rate,and F1 value in each model,the results showed that the classical chemometric algorithm and the machine learning algorithm obtained positive results.In all of the chemometric analyses,the NIR spectrum of Moyao(Myrrh)preprocessed by standard normal variation or Multivariate scattering correction combined with KNN achieved the highest accuracy in identifying the geographical origins,and the accuracy of identifying the processing technology established by the KNN method after first-order derivative pretreatment was the best.The best accuracy of geographical origin discrimination and processing technology discrimination were 0.9853 and 0.9706 respectively.CONCLUSIONS:NIR spectroscopy combined with chemometric technology can be an important tool for tracking the origin and processing technology of Moyao(Myrrh)and can also provide a reference for evaluations of its quality and the clinical use.
基金Supported by The Southwest Medical University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Fund,No.202310632045 and No.202310632059。
文摘BACKGROUND Compared with current methods used to assess schizophrenia,near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)has the advantages of providing noninvasive and real-time monitoring of functional activities of the brain and providing direct and objective assessment information.AIM To explore the research field of NIRS in schizophrenia from the perspective of bibliometrics.METHODS The Web of Science Core Collection was used as the search tool,and the last search date was April 21,2024.Bibliometric indicators,such as the numbers of publications and citations,were recorded.Bibliometrix and VOS viewer were used for visualization analysis.RESULTS A total of 355 articles from 105 journals were included in the analysis.The overall trend of the number of research publications increased.Schizophrenia Research was identified as an influential journal in the field.Kasai K was one of the most influential and productive authors in this area of research.The University of Tokyo and Japan had the highest scientific output for an institution and a country,respectively.The top ten keywords were“schizophrenia”,“activation”,“near-infrared spectroscopy”,“verbal fluency task”,“cortex”,“brain,performance”,“workingmemory”,“brain activation”,and“prefrontal cortex”.CONCLUSION Our study reveals the evolution of knowledge and emerging trends in the field of NIRS in schizophrenia.the research focus is shifting from underlying disease characteristics to more in-depth studies of brain function and physiological mechanisms.
文摘This compendium review focuses on the spatial distribution of sensitivity to localized absorption changes in optically diffuse media,particularly for measurements relevant to near-infrared spectroscopy.The three temporal domains,continuous wave,frequency domain,and time domain,each obtain different optical data types whose changes may be related to effective homogeneous changes in the absorption coefficient.Sensitivity is the relationship between a localized perturbation and the recovered effective homogeneous absorption change.Therefore,spatial sensitivity maps representing the perturbation location can be generated for the numerous optical data types in the three temporal domains.The review first presents a history of the past 30 years of work investigating this sensitivity in optically diffuse media.These works are experimental and theoretical,presenting one-,two-,and three-dimensional sensitivity maps for different Near-Infrared Spectroscopy methods,domains,and data types.Following this history,we present a compendium of sensitivity maps organized by temporal domain and then data type.This compendium provides a valuable tool to compare the spatial sensitivity of various measurement methods and parameters in one document.Methods for one to generate these maps are provided in Appendix A,including the code.This historical review and comprehensive sensitivity map compendium provides a single source researchers may use to visualize,investigate,compare,and generate sensitivity to localized absorption change maps.
基金supported by the GENES intra-Africa Academic Mobility scheme of the European Union(EU-GENES:EACEA/2917/2552)the DESIRA-ABEE project funded by European Union。
文摘Peanut is a worldwide oilseed crop and the need to assess germplasm in a non-destructive manner is important for seed nutritional breeding.In this study,Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS)was applied to rapidly assess germplasm variability from whole seed of 699 samples,field-collected and assembled in four genetic and environmentbased sets:one set of 300 varieties of a core-collection and three sets of 133 genotypes of an interspecific population,evaluated in three environments in a large spatial scale of two countries,Mbalmayo and Bafia in Cameroon and Nioro in Senegal,under rainfed conditions.NIR elemental spectra were gathered on six subsets of seeds of each sample,after three rotation scans,with a spectral resolution of 16 cm-1over the spectral range of867 nm to 2530 nm.Spectra were then processed by principal component analysis(PCA)coupled with Partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA).As results,a huge variability was found between varieties and genotypes for all NIR wavelength within and between environments.The magnitude of genetic variation was particularly observed at 11 relevant wavelengths such as 1723 nm,usually related to oil content and fatty acid composition.PCA yielded the most chemical attributes in three significant PCs(i.e.,eigenvalues>10),which together captured 93%of the total variation,revealing genetic and environment structure of varieties and genotypes into four clusters,corresponding to the four samples sets.The pattern of genetic variability of the interspecific population covers,remarkably half of spectrum of the core-collection,turning out to be the largest.Interestingly,a PLS-DA model was developed and a strong accuracy of 99.6%was achieved for the four sets,aiming to classify each seed sample according to environment origin.The confusion matrix achieved for the two sets of Bafia and Nioro showed 100%of instances classified correctly with 100%at both sensitivity and specificity,confirming that their seed quality was different from each other and all other samples.Overall,NIRS chemometrics is useful to assess and distinguish seeds from different environments and highlights the value of the interspecific population and core-collection,as a source of nutritional diversity,to support the breeding efforts.
基金Supported by San Heng San Zong Project of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University(ZRCPY202314).
文摘Corn stalks are a kind of common organic fertilizer and feed material in agriculture in China,as well as an important source of modern biomass energy and new materials.Hemicellulose is an important component in corn stalks,and it is very important to determine its content in corn stalks.In this paper,the feasibility of near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)combined with chemometrics for rapid detection of hemicellulose content in corn stalks was studied.In order to improve the accuracy of NIRS detection,a new intelligent optimization algorithm,dung beetle optimizer(DBO),was applied to select characteristic wavelengths of NIRS.Its modeling performance was compared with that based on characteristic wavelength selection using genetic algorithm(GA)and binary particle swarm optimization(BPSO),and it was found that the characteristic wavelength selection performance of DBO was excellent,and the regression accuracy of hemicellulose quantitative detection model established by its preferred characteristic wavelengths was better than the above two intelligent optimization algorithms.
基金supported,in part,by a grant-in-aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Science,Sports,and Culture.
文摘Britton Chance has pioneered magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy(NIRS)as noninvasive methods for measuring muscle metabolism in vivo from the late 1970s.This review honoring Britton Chance will highlight the progress that has been made in developing and utilizing MRS and NIRS technologies for evaluating skeletal muscle O_(2) dynamics and energetics.Adaptation of MRS and NIRS technology has focused on the validity and reliability of the measurements and extending the methods in physiological and clinical research.Britton Chance has conducted MRS and NIRS research on elite athletes and a number of chronic health conditions,including patients with chronic heart failure,peripheral vascular disease,and neuromuscular myopathies.As MRS and NIRS technologies are practical and useful for measuring human muscle metabolism,we will strive to continue Chance's legacy by advancing muscle MRS and NIRS studies.
文摘Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at Kongzui（孔最LU 6）,Sanyinjiao（三阴交 SP 6） and Zusanli（足三里 ST 36） on cerebral blood oxygenation level and explore the relevance between acupuncture and cerebral blood oxygenation level using near-infrared spectroscopy（NIRS）.Methods Quasi-randomized design（random test sequence） was used.In clinical trial ①,placebo acupuncture was applied at Baihui（百会GV 20） of18 adults.In clinical trial ②,54 adults were divided into three groups with 18 each in which acupuncture was applied at LU 6,SP 6 and ST 36 respectively.Before and after acupuncture,verbal fluency test（VFT） was performed and the blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex was measured using NIRS.Quantized data was processed with JMP10.0.2 software and SPSS software.Results In clinical trial ①,the mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 10.8 mMcm·s and 9.2 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at GV 20 in placebo acupuncture group.There was no significant difference in the cerebral blood oxygenation level after acupuncture.In clinical trial ②,the mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygen level were18.1 mMcm·s and 8.6 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at LU 6 in[LU 6]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was significantly decreased after acupuncture（P = 0.001）.The mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 16.1 mMcm·s and 17.4 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at SP 6 in[SP 6]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was slightly increased after acupuncture,but the increase was not statistically significant.The mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 13.8 mMcnvs and 10.1 mMcnvs respectively before and after acupuncture at ST 36 in[ST 36]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was slightly deceased after acupuncture,but the increase was not statistically significant.Conclusion The cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head was decreased by acupuncture at LU 6,the cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head was intended to decrease by acupuncture at ST 36.The cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head is intended to increase by acupuncture at SP 6.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81360623)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to establish a near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of Guizhou Aspidistra plants. [Method] Twenty three batch- es of Guizhou Aspidistra plants including A. chishuiensis, A. spinula, A. Caespitosa, A. sichuanensis, A. ebianensis, A. retusa, A. guizhouensis and A. liboensis were subjected to drying, pulverization and sieving and then directly determined for near- infrared reflectance spectrums; and the plants in this genus were classified by clus- ter analysis and principal component analysis （PCA）. [Result] The near-infrared re- flectance spectrums of the 23 batches of Guizhou Aspidistra plants showed very high similarity. The spectrums were processed by first derivative method, and the spectral range of 4 000-7 500 cm-1 was selected as the analytical range. Cluster analysis and PCA were employed to mass spectrum variables of plants in Aspidis- tra, fewer new variables became the linear combination of primary variables, and small differences between different varieties were enlarged, thereby facilitating intu- itive classification of plants in this genus. [Conclusion] Near-infrared diffuse re- flectance spectroscopy is nondestructive and rapid for determination of solid sam- pies, and provides a new method for the classification of Guizhou Aspidistra plants combined by information processing techniques.
基金Project supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Pro-gram (863) of China (No. 2004AA241180), and the Scientific Re-search Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of State Education Ministry, and the Science and Technology Depart-ment of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘Sweetpotato starch thermal properties and its noodle quality were analyzed using a rapid predictive method based on near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS）. This method was established based on a total of 93 sweetpotato genotypes with diverse genetic background. Starch samples were scanned by NIRS and analyzed for quality properties by reference methods. Results of statistical modelling indicated that NIRS was reasonably accurate in predicting gelatinization onset temperature （To） （standard error of prediction SEP=2.014 ℃, coefficient of determination RSQ=0.85）, gelatinization peak temperature （Tp） （SEP=-1.371 ℃, RSQ=0.89）, gelatinization temperature range （Tr） （SEP=2.234 ℃, RSQ=0.86）, and cooling resistance （CR） （SEP=0.528, RSQ=0.89）. Gelatinization completion temperature （To）, enthalpy of gelatinization （△H）, cooling loss （CL） and swelling degree （SWD）, were modelled less well with RSQ between 0.63 and 0.84. The present results suggested that the NIRS based method was sufficiently accurate and practical for routine analysis of sweetpotato starch and its noodle quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21775076)the fundamental research funds for central universities(China)
文摘A method for quantitative determination of fish sperm deoxyribonucleic acid(fsDNA)was developed by using titanium dioxide(TiO2)as an adsorbent and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS).The selective enrichment of fsDNA was proved by comparing the adsorption efficiency of bovine serum albumin,tyrosine and tryptophan,and the low adsorption background of TiO2 was illustrated by comparing the spectra of four commonly-used inorganic adsorbents(alkaline aluminium oxide,neutral aluminium oxide,nano-hydroxyapatite and silica).The spectral feature of fsDNA can be clearly observed in the spectrum of the sample.Partial least squares(PLS)model was built for quantitative determination of fsDNA using 28 solutions,and 13 solutions with interferences were used for validation of the model.The results showed that the correlation coefficient(R)between the predicted and the reference concentration is 0.9727 and the recoveries of the validation samples are in the range of 98.2%-100.7%.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50635030)the Key Project of Jilin Provincial De-partment of Science & Technology, China(Nos.20060902-02, 200705C07)
文摘The near-infrared（NIR） diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to study the content of Berberine in the processed Coptis. The allocated proportions of Coptis to ginger, yellow liquor or Evodia rutaecarpa changed according to the results of orthogonal design as well as the temperature. For as withdrawing the full and effective information from the spectral data as possible, the spectral data was preprocessed through first derivative and multiplicative scatter correetion（MSC） according to the optimization results of different preprocessing methods. Firstly, the model was established by partial least squares（PLS）; the coefficient of determination（R2） of the prediction was 0.839, the root mean squared error of prediction（RMSEP） was 0.1422, and the mean relative error（RME） was 0.0276. Secondly, for reducing the dimension and removing noise, the spectral variables were highly effectively compressed via the wavelet transformation（WT） technology and the Haar wavelet was selected to decompose the spectral signals. After the wavelet coefficients from WT were input into the artificial neural network（ANN） instead of the spectra signal, the quantitative analysis model of Berberine in processed Coptis was established. The R^2 of the model was 0.9153, the RMSEP was 0.0444, and the RME was 0.0091. The values of appraisal index, namely R^2, RMSECV, and RME, indicate that the generalization ability and prediction precision of ANN are superior to those of PLS. The overall results show that NIR spectroscopy combined with ANN can be efficiently utilized for the rapid and accurate analysis of routine chemical compositions in Coptis. Accordingly, the result can provide technical support for the further analysis of Berberine and other components in processed Coptis. Simultaneously, the research can also offer the foundation of quantitative analysis of other NIR application.
文摘Near-infrared spectra of pathogenic bacteria (salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes ) were determined, and the spectral data were analyzed by the projection discriminant analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA). The expected results were obtained. The results showed that salmonella and L. monocytogenes could be distinguished from each other by the near-infrared spectroscopy of the whole cells, cell walls or cytoplasm.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC2004300,2020YFC2004302,2020YFC2004303,2020YFC2004301 and 2020YFC2004304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000980)+4 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110427 and 2020B1515120014)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation Outstanding Youth Prqiect(2021B1515020064)the Key Laboratory Program of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes(2020KSYS001)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202103000032)the Key P1atform and Scientific Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Education Department(2018KTSCX246).
文摘Stroke is caused by an acute focal disruption of the vasculature in the central nervous system.Neurological-related functional deficits are the most devastating consequences for stroke survi-vors.Neural signals from stroke patients can reflect the functional statuses of patients and provide insights into the neuronal recovery mechanism for functioning,which could be used as the basis for designing optimal treatment strategies.Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)is a low-cost,noninvasive,easily operated neuroimage method and it is compatible with various rehabilitative programs.These advantages make NIRS an excellent candidate in research for stroke recovery.Here,we focused on the brain functions and recovery for stroke patients at stable status,conducted a systematic literature review about NIRS applications in stroke since 2000 and identified a total of 72 references through ScienceDirect and PubMed database retrieval.The NIRS studies in stroke include resting-state function and its recovery,motor function and itsrecovery,motor and cognition interference,cognitive function and its recovery,language function and its recovery,emotional function and its recovery and other applications.Based on the results of the quality assessment,we identified some study gaps from the previous research and provided suggestions for some methodological improvement in the future.The trend of NIRS gives a boost to its application in stroke,and the potential research directions for NIRS in stroke are pros-pected,including multi-center clinical research,treatment efficacy prediction research and brain-muscle coupling research.Finally,limitations of NIRS are discussed.
