[Objectives]This study was conducted to achieve rapid and accurate detection of protein content in rice with a particle size of 1.0 mm.[Methods]A multi-model fusion strategy was proposed on the basis of Stacking ensem...[Objectives]This study was conducted to achieve rapid and accurate detection of protein content in rice with a particle size of 1.0 mm.[Methods]A multi-model fusion strategy was proposed on the basis of Stacking ensemble learning.A base learner pool was constructed,containing Partial Least Squares(PLS),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Deep Extreme Learning Machine(DELM),Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Decision Tree(GBDT),and Multilayer Perceptron(MLP).PLS,DELM,and Linear Regression(LR)were used as meta-learner candidates.Employing integer coding technology,systematic dynamic combinations of base learners and meta-learners were generated,resulting in a total of 40 non-repetitive fusion models.The optimal combination was selected through a comprehensive evaluation based on multiple assessment indicators.[Results]The combination"PLS-DELM-MLP-LR"(code 1367)achieved coefficients of determination of 0.9732 and 0.9780 on the validation set and independent test set,respectively,with relative root mean square errors of 2.35%and 2.36%,and residual predictive deviations of 6.1075 and 6.7479,respectively.[Conclusions]The Stacking fusion model significantly enhances the predictive accuracy and robustness of spectral quantitative analysis,providing an efficient and feasible solution for modeling complex agricultural product spectral data.展开更多
In this editorial,we comment on the recent article by Fei et al exploring the field of near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)research in schizophrenia from a bibliometrics perspective.In recent years,NIRS has shown unique a...In this editorial,we comment on the recent article by Fei et al exploring the field of near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)research in schizophrenia from a bibliometrics perspective.In recent years,NIRS has shown unique advantages in the auxiliary diagnosis of schizophrenia,and the introduction of bibliometrics has provided a macro perspective for research in this field.Despite the opportunities brought about by these technological developments,remaining challenges require multidi-sciplinary approach to devise a reliable and accurate diagnosis system for schizo-phrenia.Nonetheless,NIRS-assisted technology is expected to contribute to the division of methods for early intervention and treatment of schizophrenia.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the characteristics and significance of near-infrared brain function imaging in patients with depressive disorder after administration of propofol injection.Methods:A total of 28 subjects with...Objective:To investigate the characteristics and significance of near-infrared brain function imaging in patients with depressive disorder after administration of propofol injection.Methods:A total of 28 subjects with depressive disorder diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria were selected from Xi’an Mental Health Center between January 2022 and January 2025.They were randomly divided into an experimental group(propofol group,n=14)and a control group(intralipid group,n=14)using a random number table.The changes in integral value(IV)and centroid value(CV)of the two patient groups before and after treatment were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)technology.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in HAMD scores between the two groups of patients at 24 h before treatment(P>0.05).Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that both time factor(Ftime=32.237,Ptime<0.001),group factor(Fgroup=47.027,Pgroup<0.001),and their interaction(Finteraction=31.829,Pinteraction<0.001)were statistically significant.The centroid values of the frontal and temporal lobes were consistent at baseline before treatment,with no intra-group changes or inter-group differences at any time point after treatment(P>0.05).The integral values of the frontal and temporal lobes were consistent between the two groups at baseline before treatment,and both showed a time-dependent increase after treatment(Ptime<0.05).However,the increase in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group(Pgroup<0.05),with a significant interaction effect(Pinteraction<0.05).Conclusion:fNIRS detected specific acute hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal and temporal regions of patients with depressive disorder after propofol intervention.These changes may be related to the mechanism of action of propofol.However,this study did not confirm a direct linear correlation between changes in integral/centroid values and the degree of clinical improvement in depressive symptoms.Propofol intervention combined with deep anesthesia rapidly improved depressive symptoms and was accompanied by enhanced hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal/temporal regions,though its specificity requires further validation.展开更多
Diabetes remains one of the most pressing global metabolic disorders,necessitating regular and precise monitoring of blood glucose levels for effective disease management.In this study,we developed a rapid and reliabl...Diabetes remains one of the most pressing global metabolic disorders,necessitating regular and precise monitoring of blood glucose levels for effective disease management.In this study,we developed a rapid and reliable method for quantifying glucose in whole blood using near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy.A diabetic rat model was established through a high-fat,high-sugar diet followed by administration of streptozotocin(STZ)over a period of 4 weeks.To construct the NIR calibration model,partial least-squares(PLS)regression was employed,with optimization tailored to spectral range,preprocessing techniques,and the number of latent variables.The optimal model was achieved within the spectral window of 7502.0-5446.2 cm^(-1),using Constant Offset Elimination for spectral pretreatment and a factor number of 10.This optimized model yielded a strong correlation coefficient(R)of 0.9621,with a root mean square error of cross-validation(RMSECV)of 0.612,a residual predictive deviation(RPD)of 3.48,and a root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)of 0.420.Additionally,biochemical indices were evaluated across all experimental groups to validate the model’s performance.Overall,the proposed NIR-based analytical strategy demonstrated high accuracy,robustness,and reproducibility,offering a promising tool for rapid glucose assessment in whole blood.展开更多
Background:The brain,which constitutes merely 2%of total body weight,receives approximately 15%of cardiac output and consumes about 20%of the body's oxygen,rendering it highly susceptible to hypoxia.Short-term oxy...Background:The brain,which constitutes merely 2%of total body weight,receives approximately 15%of cardiac output and consumes about 20%of the body's oxygen,rendering it highly susceptible to hypoxia.Short-term oxygen deprivation can lead to irreversible damage.Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS),operating within the 650–1100 nm wavelength range,enables non-invasive,continuous monitoring of cerebral tissue oxygen saturation(rSO_(2)).It has been extensively utilised in intensive care units,neurosurgery,cardiovascular surgery,and perioperative anaesthesia management.Recent advancements in domestically produced devices have progressed rapidly;however,variations in wavelength,sensor design,and algorithms across different brands mean that measurement values are not interchangeable.The accuracy and sensitivity of these devices necessitate comprehensive validation.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the measurement performance of the domestically produced cerebral tissue oxygen saturation monitor(MOC200),determine its consistency and clinical applicability compared to the imported device(INVOS5100C),and investigate physiological factors influencing baseline rSO_(2)values.Method:A total of 222 healthy subjects aged 15 to 90 years were enrolled from January to March 2025.rSO_(2)was measured using both the MOC200 and INVOS5100C devices.Device performance was assessed via correlation analysis,linear regression,Bland-Altman agreement analysis,and difference testing.Results:Measurement values from MOC200 and INVOS5100C demonstrated high consistency,with a correlation coefficient of 0.786.Bland-Altman analysis indicated greater agreement for left hemisphere measurements,while right hemisphere and mean values exhibited relatively lower consistency.Age,gender,and haemoglobin levels are the primary factors influencing baseline rSO_(2)values,with haemoglobin showing a positive correlation,whereas increasing age and female gender are associated with lower rSO_(2)levels.Conclusion:The domestically developed MOC200 cerebral tissue oxygen saturation monitor reliably reflects cerebral oxygenation in healthy individuals,exhibiting accuracy and stability comparable to the imported device and demonstrating good measurement consistency.Age,sex,and haemoglobin are key physiological factors influencing baseline rSO_(2)in this population.展开更多
BACKGROUND Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may experience emotional issues and cognitive impairment.However,it remains unclear whether the brain mediates the impact of COVID-19 on the emergence of...BACKGROUND Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may experience emotional issues and cognitive impairment.However,it remains unclear whether the brain mediates the impact of COVID-19 on the emergence of psychopathological symptoms.It remains unclear whether anxiety and depression are caused by stressors or viral infection.AIM To use functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to detect cortical hemodynamic changes in patients with COVID-19 and their relationship with mental symptoms(mainly depression and anxiety),to investigate whether COVID-19 causes these changes by affecting brain function.METHODS A total of 58 subjects,comprising 29 patients with first acute COVID-19 infection and 29 healthy controls without COVID-19 infection and without anxiety or depression were recruited.Then cortical activation during the performance of the verbal fluency test(VFT)and brain connectivity during the resting state(rs)were evaluated by 53-channel fNIRS.For the COVID-19-infected group,Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)were used to assess the emotional state before fNIRS measures.RESULTS For the rs,compared to the uninfected group,the infected group exhibited lower rs functional connectivity(FC)in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),which was correlated with both the PHQ score and GAD score.During the VFT,the infected group exhibited significantly lower cortical activation than the uninfected group in both Broca-left and Broca-right.Besides,the integral value in the DLPFC-L showed a significant negative correlation with the PHQ-9 score during the VFT in the infected group.CONCLUSION There were significant differences in the bilateral Broca area and DLPFC between the COVID-19-infected and uninfected groups,which may be the reason why COVID-19 infection impairs cognitive function and language function and leads to psychiatric symptoms.In addition,the rsFC in patients with COVID-19 was positively correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety,which may be related to the fact that the mental symptoms of patients with COVID-19 are characterized by depression and anxiety,rather than depression or anxiety alone.Our study provides evidence that the psychological and emotional issues caused by COVID-19 are not only due to external social factors but also involve more direct brain neural mechanisms and abnormal neural circuits,which also provide insights into the future treatment and prognosis of individuals with COVID-19.展开更多
This study innovatively employs functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)technology to investigate passengers’brain responses to various external stimuli during high-speed train operations,assessing their impact o...This study innovatively employs functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)technology to investigate passengers’brain responses to various external stimuli during high-speed train operations,assessing their impact on passenger comfort.Three stimuli are examined:passing through tunnels,sonic booms at tunnel exits,and two trains meeting within the tunnel.The analysis of environmental variables,including cabin noise,cabin-to-external pressure,and cabin-to-body acceleration,reveals that changes in auditory and pressure levels during the tunnel experience led to an 87%increase in oxygenated hemoglobin(HbO)levels in the temporal lobe(TL).This reflects a brief discomfort that subsides as passengers adapt,with HbO levels nearly returning to pre-tunnel levels upon exit.Among the stimuli,the sonic boom triggered the most significant neural response,with HbO fluctuations increased by 175%.In contrast,the impact of train meetings was minor,yielding an average HbO increase of only 14.21%.Connectivity analysis further shows significant enhancements in brain functional connectivity during tunnel entrance and sonic boom scenarios,with increases of 52%and 80%,respectively.Our findings contribute to passenger comfort assessment by establishing objective neurophysiological measures that quantify previously subjective experiences.The application of fNIRS in this dynamic environment creates new possibilities for evidence-based comfort optimization in railway design.展开更多
To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.Howeve...To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.However,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their abundance.To address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest classifier.The effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated.PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate.All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was proposed.The method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different backgrounds.In summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.展开更多
The recovery of motor function in spastic hemiplegia following stroke is closely associated with cortical reorganisation.This study aimed to investigate the effects of warm acupuncture combined with rehabilitation tra...The recovery of motor function in spastic hemiplegia following stroke is closely associated with cortical reorganisation.This study aimed to investigate the effects of warm acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on cortical activity and upper limb function using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Ninety patients were randomly assigned to a warm acupuncture group,a rehabilitation training group,or a combined intervention group.After four weeks of intervention,clinical scores and changes in oxyhaemoglobin concentration in the affected motor cortex were assessed.Results demonstrated that the combined intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in Fugl-Meyer scores,reduced muscle tone,and enhanced activation in the affected primary motor cortex compared to the single intervention groups.Furthermore,functional improvement was significantly correlated with cortical activation changes.These findings indicate a synergistic effect between warm acupuncture and rehabilitation training,potentially mediated through promoting functional reorganisation of the affected cerebral cortex.This provides neuroimaging evidence supporting integrated Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation protocols.展开更多
Britton Chance has pioneered magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy(NIRS)as noninvasive methods for measuring muscle metabolism in vivo from the late 1970s.This review honoring Britton ...Britton Chance has pioneered magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy(NIRS)as noninvasive methods for measuring muscle metabolism in vivo from the late 1970s.This review honoring Britton Chance will highlight the progress that has been made in developing and utilizing MRS and NIRS technologies for evaluating skeletal muscle O_(2) dynamics and energetics.Adaptation of MRS and NIRS technology has focused on the validity and reliability of the measurements and extending the methods in physiological and clinical research.Britton Chance has conducted MRS and NIRS research on elite athletes and a number of chronic health conditions,including patients with chronic heart failure,peripheral vascular disease,and neuromuscular myopathies.As MRS and NIRS technologies are practical and useful for measuring human muscle metabolism,we will strive to continue Chance's legacy by advancing muscle MRS and NIRS studies.展开更多
Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at Kongzui（孔最LU 6）,Sanyinjiao（三阴交 SP 6） and Zusanli（足三里 ST 36） on cerebral blood oxygenation level and explore the relevance between acupuncture and cerebra...Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at Kongzui（孔最LU 6）,Sanyinjiao（三阴交 SP 6） and Zusanli（足三里 ST 36） on cerebral blood oxygenation level and explore the relevance between acupuncture and cerebral blood oxygenation level using near-infrared spectroscopy（NIRS）.Methods Quasi-randomized design（random test sequence） was used.In clinical trial ①,placebo acupuncture was applied at Baihui（百会GV 20） of18 adults.In clinical trial ②,54 adults were divided into three groups with 18 each in which acupuncture was applied at LU 6,SP 6 and ST 36 respectively.Before and after acupuncture,verbal fluency test（VFT） was performed and the blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex was measured using NIRS.Quantized data was processed with JMP10.0.2 software and SPSS software.Results In clinical trial ①,the mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 10.8 mMcm·s and 9.2 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at GV 20 in placebo acupuncture group.There was no significant difference in the cerebral blood oxygenation level after acupuncture.In clinical trial ②,the mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygen level were18.1 mMcm·s and 8.6 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at LU 6 in[LU 6]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was significantly decreased after acupuncture（P = 0.001）.The mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 16.1 mMcm·s and 17.4 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at SP 6 in[SP 6]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was slightly increased after acupuncture,but the increase was not statistically significant.The mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 13.8 mMcnvs and 10.1 mMcnvs respectively before and after acupuncture at ST 36 in[ST 36]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was slightly deceased after acupuncture,but the increase was not statistically significant.Conclusion The cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head was decreased by acupuncture at LU 6,the cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head was intended to decrease by acupuncture at ST 36.The cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head is intended to increase by acupuncture at SP 6.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to establish a near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of Guizhou Aspidistra plants. [Method] Twenty three batch- es of Guizhou Aspidistra plants including A. chishuiensis, ...[Objective] This study was conducted to establish a near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of Guizhou Aspidistra plants. [Method] Twenty three batch- es of Guizhou Aspidistra plants including A. chishuiensis, A. spinula, A. Caespitosa, A. sichuanensis, A. ebianensis, A. retusa, A. guizhouensis and A. liboensis were subjected to drying, pulverization and sieving and then directly determined for near- infrared reflectance spectrums; and the plants in this genus were classified by clus- ter analysis and principal component analysis （PCA）. [Result] The near-infrared re- flectance spectrums of the 23 batches of Guizhou Aspidistra plants showed very high similarity. The spectrums were processed by first derivative method, and the spectral range of 4 000-7 500 cm-1 was selected as the analytical range. Cluster analysis and PCA were employed to mass spectrum variables of plants in Aspidis- tra, fewer new variables became the linear combination of primary variables, and small differences between different varieties were enlarged, thereby facilitating intu- itive classification of plants in this genus. [Conclusion] Near-infrared diffuse re- flectance spectroscopy is nondestructive and rapid for determination of solid sam- pies, and provides a new method for the classification of Guizhou Aspidistra plants combined by information processing techniques.展开更多
Sweetpotato starch thermal properties and its noodle quality were analyzed using a rapid predictive method based on near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS）. This method was established based on a total of 93 sweetpotato g...Sweetpotato starch thermal properties and its noodle quality were analyzed using a rapid predictive method based on near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS）. This method was established based on a total of 93 sweetpotato genotypes with diverse genetic background. Starch samples were scanned by NIRS and analyzed for quality properties by reference methods. Results of statistical modelling indicated that NIRS was reasonably accurate in predicting gelatinization onset temperature （To） （standard error of prediction SEP=2.014 ℃, coefficient of determination RSQ=0.85）, gelatinization peak temperature （Tp） （SEP=-1.371 ℃, RSQ=0.89）, gelatinization temperature range （Tr） （SEP=2.234 ℃, RSQ=0.86）, and cooling resistance （CR） （SEP=0.528, RSQ=0.89）. Gelatinization completion temperature （To）, enthalpy of gelatinization （△H）, cooling loss （CL） and swelling degree （SWD）, were modelled less well with RSQ between 0.63 and 0.84. The present results suggested that the NIRS based method was sufficiently accurate and practical for routine analysis of sweetpotato starch and its noodle quality.展开更多
A method for quantitative determination of fish sperm deoxyribonucleic acid(fsDNA)was developed by using titanium dioxide(TiO2)as an adsorbent and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS).The selective e...A method for quantitative determination of fish sperm deoxyribonucleic acid(fsDNA)was developed by using titanium dioxide(TiO2)as an adsorbent and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS).The selective enrichment of fsDNA was proved by comparing the adsorption efficiency of bovine serum albumin,tyrosine and tryptophan,and the low adsorption background of TiO2 was illustrated by comparing the spectra of four commonly-used inorganic adsorbents(alkaline aluminium oxide,neutral aluminium oxide,nano-hydroxyapatite and silica).The spectral feature of fsDNA can be clearly observed in the spectrum of the sample.Partial least squares(PLS)model was built for quantitative determination of fsDNA using 28 solutions,and 13 solutions with interferences were used for validation of the model.The results showed that the correlation coefficient(R)between the predicted and the reference concentration is 0.9727 and the recoveries of the validation samples are in the range of 98.2%-100.7%.展开更多
The near-infrared（NIR） diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to study the content of Berberine in the processed Coptis. The allocated proportions of Coptis to ginger, yellow liquor or Evodia rutaecarpa changed a...The near-infrared（NIR） diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to study the content of Berberine in the processed Coptis. The allocated proportions of Coptis to ginger, yellow liquor or Evodia rutaecarpa changed according to the results of orthogonal design as well as the temperature. For as withdrawing the full and effective information from the spectral data as possible, the spectral data was preprocessed through first derivative and multiplicative scatter correetion（MSC） according to the optimization results of different preprocessing methods. Firstly, the model was established by partial least squares（PLS）; the coefficient of determination（R2） of the prediction was 0.839, the root mean squared error of prediction（RMSEP） was 0.1422, and the mean relative error（RME） was 0.0276. Secondly, for reducing the dimension and removing noise, the spectral variables were highly effectively compressed via the wavelet transformation（WT） technology and the Haar wavelet was selected to decompose the spectral signals. After the wavelet coefficients from WT were input into the artificial neural network（ANN） instead of the spectra signal, the quantitative analysis model of Berberine in processed Coptis was established. The R^2 of the model was 0.9153, the RMSEP was 0.0444, and the RME was 0.0091. The values of appraisal index, namely R^2, RMSECV, and RME, indicate that the generalization ability and prediction precision of ANN are superior to those of PLS. The overall results show that NIR spectroscopy combined with ANN can be efficiently utilized for the rapid and accurate analysis of routine chemical compositions in Coptis. Accordingly, the result can provide technical support for the further analysis of Berberine and other components in processed Coptis. Simultaneously, the research can also offer the foundation of quantitative analysis of other NIR application.展开更多
Near-infrared spectra of pathogenic bacteria (salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes ) were determined, and the spectral data were analyzed by the projection discriminant analysis based on principal component analysis ...Near-infrared spectra of pathogenic bacteria (salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes ) were determined, and the spectral data were analyzed by the projection discriminant analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA). The expected results were obtained. The results showed that salmonella and L. monocytogenes could be distinguished from each other by the near-infrared spectroscopy of the whole cells, cell walls or cytoplasm.展开更多
Stroke is caused by an acute focal disruption of the vasculature in the central nervous system.Neurological-related functional deficits are the most devastating consequences for stroke survi-vors.Neural signals from s...Stroke is caused by an acute focal disruption of the vasculature in the central nervous system.Neurological-related functional deficits are the most devastating consequences for stroke survi-vors.Neural signals from stroke patients can reflect the functional statuses of patients and provide insights into the neuronal recovery mechanism for functioning,which could be used as the basis for designing optimal treatment strategies.Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)is a low-cost,noninvasive,easily operated neuroimage method and it is compatible with various rehabilitative programs.These advantages make NIRS an excellent candidate in research for stroke recovery.Here,we focused on the brain functions and recovery for stroke patients at stable status,conducted a systematic literature review about NIRS applications in stroke since 2000 and identified a total of 72 references through ScienceDirect and PubMed database retrieval.The NIRS studies in stroke include resting-state function and its recovery,motor function and itsrecovery,motor and cognition interference,cognitive function and its recovery,language function and its recovery,emotional function and its recovery and other applications.Based on the results of the quality assessment,we identified some study gaps from the previous research and provided suggestions for some methodological improvement in the future.The trend of NIRS gives a boost to its application in stroke,and the potential research directions for NIRS in stroke are pros-pected,including multi-center clinical research,treatment efficacy prediction research and brain-muscle coupling research.Finally,limitations of NIRS are discussed.展开更多
Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson...Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson’s disease,and mental disorders.Although significant advances have been made in neuromodulation technologies,the identification of optimal neurostimulation paramete rs including the co rtical target,duration,and inhibition or excitation pattern is still limited due to the lack of guidance for neural circuits.Moreove r,the neural mechanism unde rlying neuromodulation for improved behavioral performance remains poorly understood.Recently,advancements in neuroimaging have provided insight into neuromodulation techniques.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy,as a novel non-invasive optical brain imaging method,can detect brain activity by measuring cerebral hemodynamics with the advantages of portability,high motion tole rance,and anti-electromagnetic interference.Coupling functional near-infra red spectroscopy with neuromodulation technologies offe rs an opportunity to monitor the cortical response,provide realtime feedbac k,and establish a closed-loop strategy integrating evaluation,feedbac k,and intervention for neurostimulation,which provides a theoretical basis for development of individualized precise neuro rehabilitation.We aimed to summarize the advantages of functional near-infra red spectroscopy and provide an ove rview of the current research on functional near-infrared spectroscopy in transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and braincomputer interfaces.Furthermore,the future perspectives and directions for the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neuromodulation are summarized.In conclusion,functional near-infrared spectroscopy combined with neuromodulation may promote the optimization of central pellral reorganization to achieve better functional recovery form central nervous system diseases.展开更多
Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics techniques was used to classify the pure bayberry juice and the one adulterated with 10% (w/w) and 20% (w/w) water. Principal component analysis (PCA) was ap...Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics techniques was used to classify the pure bayberry juice and the one adulterated with 10% (w/w) and 20% (w/w) water. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensions of spectral data, give information regarding a potential capability of separation of objects, and provide principal component (PC) scores for radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN). RBFNN was used to detect bayberry juice adulterant. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variate (SNV) transformation were used to preprocess spectra. The results demonstrate that PC-RBFNN with optimum parameters can separate pure bayberry juice samples from water-adulterated bayberry at a recognition rate of 97.62%, but cannot clearly detect water levels in the adulterated bayberry juice. We conclude that NIR technology can be successfully applied to detect water-adulterated bayberry juice.展开更多
To develop near-infrared （NIR） reflectance spectroscopic methods for the quantitative analysis of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium from different manufacturers for injection powder medicaments. Various powders ...To develop near-infrared （NIR） reflectance spectroscopic methods for the quantitative analysis of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium from different manufacturers for injection powder medicaments. Various powders of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium were directly analyzed by non-destructive NIR reflectance spectroscopy using the spectrometer EQUINOX55. Two quantitative methods via integrating sphere （IS） and fiberoptic probe （FOP） models were explored from 6 batches of commercial samples and 42 batches of laboratory samples at a content ranging from 30% to 70% for cefoperazone and 60% to 20% for sulbactam. The root mean square errors of cross validation （RMSECV） and the root mean square errors of prediction （RMSEP） of IS were 1.79% and 2.85%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 1.86% and 3.08%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium; and those of FOP were 2.93% and 2.92%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 2.23% and 3.01%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium. Based on the ICH guidelines and Ref. 12, the quantitative models were then evaluated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and model transferability. The non-destructive quantitative NIR methods used in this study are applicable for rapid analysis of injectable powdered drugs from different manufacturers.展开更多
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to achieve rapid and accurate detection of protein content in rice with a particle size of 1.0 mm.[Methods]A multi-model fusion strategy was proposed on the basis of Stacking ensemble learning.A base learner pool was constructed,containing Partial Least Squares(PLS),Support Vector Machine(SVM),Deep Extreme Learning Machine(DELM),Random Forest(RF),Gradient Boosting Decision Tree(GBDT),and Multilayer Perceptron(MLP).PLS,DELM,and Linear Regression(LR)were used as meta-learner candidates.Employing integer coding technology,systematic dynamic combinations of base learners and meta-learners were generated,resulting in a total of 40 non-repetitive fusion models.The optimal combination was selected through a comprehensive evaluation based on multiple assessment indicators.[Results]The combination"PLS-DELM-MLP-LR"(code 1367)achieved coefficients of determination of 0.9732 and 0.9780 on the validation set and independent test set,respectively,with relative root mean square errors of 2.35%and 2.36%,and residual predictive deviations of 6.1075 and 6.7479,respectively.[Conclusions]The Stacking fusion model significantly enhances the predictive accuracy and robustness of spectral quantitative analysis,providing an efficient and feasible solution for modeling complex agricultural product spectral data.
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the recent article by Fei et al exploring the field of near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)research in schizophrenia from a bibliometrics perspective.In recent years,NIRS has shown unique advantages in the auxiliary diagnosis of schizophrenia,and the introduction of bibliometrics has provided a macro perspective for research in this field.Despite the opportunities brought about by these technological developments,remaining challenges require multidi-sciplinary approach to devise a reliable and accurate diagnosis system for schizo-phrenia.Nonetheless,NIRS-assisted technology is expected to contribute to the division of methods for early intervention and treatment of schizophrenia.
基金A Randomized Single-Blind Controlled Trial of Propofol Injection for Depressive Disorder,Xi’an Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(Project No.:22YXYJ0035)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the characteristics and significance of near-infrared brain function imaging in patients with depressive disorder after administration of propofol injection.Methods:A total of 28 subjects with depressive disorder diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria were selected from Xi’an Mental Health Center between January 2022 and January 2025.They were randomly divided into an experimental group(propofol group,n=14)and a control group(intralipid group,n=14)using a random number table.The changes in integral value(IV)and centroid value(CV)of the two patient groups before and after treatment were measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)technology.Results:There was no statistically significant difference in HAMD scores between the two groups of patients at 24 h before treatment(P>0.05).Repeated measures analysis of variance showed that both time factor(Ftime=32.237,Ptime<0.001),group factor(Fgroup=47.027,Pgroup<0.001),and their interaction(Finteraction=31.829,Pinteraction<0.001)were statistically significant.The centroid values of the frontal and temporal lobes were consistent at baseline before treatment,with no intra-group changes or inter-group differences at any time point after treatment(P>0.05).The integral values of the frontal and temporal lobes were consistent between the two groups at baseline before treatment,and both showed a time-dependent increase after treatment(Ptime<0.05).However,the increase in the experimental group was significantly greater than that in the control group(Pgroup<0.05),with a significant interaction effect(Pinteraction<0.05).Conclusion:fNIRS detected specific acute hemodynamic changes in the prefrontal and temporal regions of patients with depressive disorder after propofol intervention.These changes may be related to the mechanism of action of propofol.However,this study did not confirm a direct linear correlation between changes in integral/centroid values and the degree of clinical improvement in depressive symptoms.Propofol intervention combined with deep anesthesia rapidly improved depressive symptoms and was accompanied by enhanced hemodynamic activity in the prefrontal/temporal regions,though its specificity requires further validation.
基金The University Key Research Projects of Henan Province(Grant No.25B360004)the Backbone Teachers Program of North Henan Medical University(Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University)(Grant No.SQ2025GGJS08).
文摘Diabetes remains one of the most pressing global metabolic disorders,necessitating regular and precise monitoring of blood glucose levels for effective disease management.In this study,we developed a rapid and reliable method for quantifying glucose in whole blood using near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy.A diabetic rat model was established through a high-fat,high-sugar diet followed by administration of streptozotocin(STZ)over a period of 4 weeks.To construct the NIR calibration model,partial least-squares(PLS)regression was employed,with optimization tailored to spectral range,preprocessing techniques,and the number of latent variables.The optimal model was achieved within the spectral window of 7502.0-5446.2 cm^(-1),using Constant Offset Elimination for spectral pretreatment and a factor number of 10.This optimized model yielded a strong correlation coefficient(R)of 0.9621,with a root mean square error of cross-validation(RMSECV)of 0.612,a residual predictive deviation(RPD)of 3.48,and a root mean square error of prediction(RMSEP)of 0.420.Additionally,biochemical indices were evaluated across all experimental groups to validate the model’s performance.Overall,the proposed NIR-based analytical strategy demonstrated high accuracy,robustness,and reproducibility,offering a promising tool for rapid glucose assessment in whole blood.
基金Jingzhou Science and Technology Plan Project,Hubei Province(2024HD71)。
文摘Background:The brain,which constitutes merely 2%of total body weight,receives approximately 15%of cardiac output and consumes about 20%of the body's oxygen,rendering it highly susceptible to hypoxia.Short-term oxygen deprivation can lead to irreversible damage.Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS),operating within the 650–1100 nm wavelength range,enables non-invasive,continuous monitoring of cerebral tissue oxygen saturation(rSO_(2)).It has been extensively utilised in intensive care units,neurosurgery,cardiovascular surgery,and perioperative anaesthesia management.Recent advancements in domestically produced devices have progressed rapidly;however,variations in wavelength,sensor design,and algorithms across different brands mean that measurement values are not interchangeable.The accuracy and sensitivity of these devices necessitate comprehensive validation.Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the measurement performance of the domestically produced cerebral tissue oxygen saturation monitor(MOC200),determine its consistency and clinical applicability compared to the imported device(INVOS5100C),and investigate physiological factors influencing baseline rSO_(2)values.Method:A total of 222 healthy subjects aged 15 to 90 years were enrolled from January to March 2025.rSO_(2)was measured using both the MOC200 and INVOS5100C devices.Device performance was assessed via correlation analysis,linear regression,Bland-Altman agreement analysis,and difference testing.Results:Measurement values from MOC200 and INVOS5100C demonstrated high consistency,with a correlation coefficient of 0.786.Bland-Altman analysis indicated greater agreement for left hemisphere measurements,while right hemisphere and mean values exhibited relatively lower consistency.Age,gender,and haemoglobin levels are the primary factors influencing baseline rSO_(2)values,with haemoglobin showing a positive correlation,whereas increasing age and female gender are associated with lower rSO_(2)levels.Conclusion:The domestically developed MOC200 cerebral tissue oxygen saturation monitor reliably reflects cerebral oxygenation in healthy individuals,exhibiting accuracy and stability comparable to the imported device and demonstrating good measurement consistency.Age,sex,and haemoglobin are key physiological factors influencing baseline rSO_(2)in this population.
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Scientific Research Plan Project of Traditional Chinese MedicineNational Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82371521Special Tasks for the Construction of Hunan Innovative Province,No.2023SK4002.
文摘BACKGROUND Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may experience emotional issues and cognitive impairment.However,it remains unclear whether the brain mediates the impact of COVID-19 on the emergence of psychopathological symptoms.It remains unclear whether anxiety and depression are caused by stressors or viral infection.AIM To use functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)to detect cortical hemodynamic changes in patients with COVID-19 and their relationship with mental symptoms(mainly depression and anxiety),to investigate whether COVID-19 causes these changes by affecting brain function.METHODS A total of 58 subjects,comprising 29 patients with first acute COVID-19 infection and 29 healthy controls without COVID-19 infection and without anxiety or depression were recruited.Then cortical activation during the performance of the verbal fluency test(VFT)and brain connectivity during the resting state(rs)were evaluated by 53-channel fNIRS.For the COVID-19-infected group,Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9)and General Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7)were used to assess the emotional state before fNIRS measures.RESULTS For the rs,compared to the uninfected group,the infected group exhibited lower rs functional connectivity(FC)in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),which was correlated with both the PHQ score and GAD score.During the VFT,the infected group exhibited significantly lower cortical activation than the uninfected group in both Broca-left and Broca-right.Besides,the integral value in the DLPFC-L showed a significant negative correlation with the PHQ-9 score during the VFT in the infected group.CONCLUSION There were significant differences in the bilateral Broca area and DLPFC between the COVID-19-infected and uninfected groups,which may be the reason why COVID-19 infection impairs cognitive function and language function and leads to psychiatric symptoms.In addition,the rsFC in patients with COVID-19 was positively correlated with the severity of depression and anxiety,which may be related to the fact that the mental symptoms of patients with COVID-19 are characterized by depression and anxiety,rather than depression or anxiety alone.Our study provides evidence that the psychological and emotional issues caused by COVID-19 are not only due to external social factors but also involve more direct brain neural mechanisms and abnormal neural circuits,which also provide insights into the future treatment and prognosis of individuals with COVID-19.
基金Project(52202426)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(15205723,15226424)supported by the Research Grants Council(RGC)of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,ChinaProject(KBBY1)supported by the Innovation and Technology Commission of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region。
文摘This study innovatively employs functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)technology to investigate passengers’brain responses to various external stimuli during high-speed train operations,assessing their impact on passenger comfort.Three stimuli are examined:passing through tunnels,sonic booms at tunnel exits,and two trains meeting within the tunnel.The analysis of environmental variables,including cabin noise,cabin-to-external pressure,and cabin-to-body acceleration,reveals that changes in auditory and pressure levels during the tunnel experience led to an 87%increase in oxygenated hemoglobin(HbO)levels in the temporal lobe(TL).This reflects a brief discomfort that subsides as passengers adapt,with HbO levels nearly returning to pre-tunnel levels upon exit.Among the stimuli,the sonic boom triggered the most significant neural response,with HbO fluctuations increased by 175%.In contrast,the impact of train meetings was minor,yielding an average HbO increase of only 14.21%.Connectivity analysis further shows significant enhancements in brain functional connectivity during tunnel entrance and sonic boom scenarios,with increases of 52%and 80%,respectively.Our findings contribute to passenger comfort assessment by establishing objective neurophysiological measures that quantify previously subjective experiences.The application of fNIRS in this dynamic environment creates new possibilities for evidence-based comfort optimization in railway design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22276139)the Shanghai’s Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission(No.2022028).
文摘To better understand the migration behavior of plastic fragments in the environment,development of rapid non-destructive methods for in-situ identification and characterization of plastic fragments is necessary.However,most of the studies had focused only on colored plastic fragments,ignoring colorless plastic fragments and the effects of different environmental media(backgrounds),thus underestimating their abundance.To address this issue,the present study used near-infrared spectroscopy to compare the identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis(PLS-DA),extreme gradient boost,support vector machine and random forest classifier.The effects of polymer color,type,thickness,and background on the plastic fragments classification were evaluated.PLS-DA presented the best and most stable outcome,with higher robustness and lower misclassification rate.All models frequently misinterpreted colorless plastic fragments and its background when the fragment thickness was less than 0.1mm.A two-stage modeling method,which first distinguishes the plastic types and then identifies colorless plastic fragments that had been misclassified as background,was proposed.The method presented an accuracy higher than 99%in different backgrounds.In summary,this study developed a novel method for rapid and synchronous identification of colored and colorless plastic fragments under complex environmental backgrounds.
基金Jining Key R&D Program:Near-Infrared Brain Imaging Study on the Efficacy of Warm Acupuncture Combined with Rehabilitation Training for Spastic Hemiplegia(Project No.:2024YXNS237)Shandong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project:Project No.M-2023263,Title:Clinical Efficacy and Mechanism of Dual-Point Electroacupuncture Stimulating Bilateral Neiguan Acupoints for Awakening in Severe Craniocerebral Injury Patients Based on Near-Infrared Brain Imaging Technology.
文摘The recovery of motor function in spastic hemiplegia following stroke is closely associated with cortical reorganisation.This study aimed to investigate the effects of warm acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on cortical activity and upper limb function using functional near-infrared spectroscopy.Ninety patients were randomly assigned to a warm acupuncture group,a rehabilitation training group,or a combined intervention group.After four weeks of intervention,clinical scores and changes in oxyhaemoglobin concentration in the affected motor cortex were assessed.Results demonstrated that the combined intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in Fugl-Meyer scores,reduced muscle tone,and enhanced activation in the affected primary motor cortex compared to the single intervention groups.Furthermore,functional improvement was significantly correlated with cortical activation changes.These findings indicate a synergistic effect between warm acupuncture and rehabilitation training,potentially mediated through promoting functional reorganisation of the affected cerebral cortex.This provides neuroimaging evidence supporting integrated Chinese and Western medicine rehabilitation protocols.
基金supported,in part,by a grant-in-aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Science,Sports,and Culture.
文摘Britton Chance has pioneered magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS)and near-infrared(NIR)spectroscopy(NIRS)as noninvasive methods for measuring muscle metabolism in vivo from the late 1970s.This review honoring Britton Chance will highlight the progress that has been made in developing and utilizing MRS and NIRS technologies for evaluating skeletal muscle O_(2) dynamics and energetics.Adaptation of MRS and NIRS technology has focused on the validity and reliability of the measurements and extending the methods in physiological and clinical research.Britton Chance has conducted MRS and NIRS research on elite athletes and a number of chronic health conditions,including patients with chronic heart failure,peripheral vascular disease,and neuromuscular myopathies.As MRS and NIRS technologies are practical and useful for measuring human muscle metabolism,we will strive to continue Chance's legacy by advancing muscle MRS and NIRS studies.
文摘Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at Kongzui（孔最LU 6）,Sanyinjiao（三阴交 SP 6） and Zusanli（足三里 ST 36） on cerebral blood oxygenation level and explore the relevance between acupuncture and cerebral blood oxygenation level using near-infrared spectroscopy（NIRS）.Methods Quasi-randomized design（random test sequence） was used.In clinical trial ①,placebo acupuncture was applied at Baihui（百会GV 20） of18 adults.In clinical trial ②,54 adults were divided into three groups with 18 each in which acupuncture was applied at LU 6,SP 6 and ST 36 respectively.Before and after acupuncture,verbal fluency test（VFT） was performed and the blood oxygenation level of cerebral cortex was measured using NIRS.Quantized data was processed with JMP10.0.2 software and SPSS software.Results In clinical trial ①,the mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 10.8 mMcm·s and 9.2 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at GV 20 in placebo acupuncture group.There was no significant difference in the cerebral blood oxygenation level after acupuncture.In clinical trial ②,the mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygen level were18.1 mMcm·s and 8.6 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at LU 6 in[LU 6]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was significantly decreased after acupuncture（P = 0.001）.The mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 16.1 mMcm·s and 17.4 mMcm·s respectively before and after acupuncture at SP 6 in[SP 6]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was slightly increased after acupuncture,but the increase was not statistically significant.The mean integral values of cerebral blood oxygenation level were 13.8 mMcnvs and 10.1 mMcnvs respectively before and after acupuncture at ST 36 in[ST 36]acupuncture group,the cerebral blood oxygenation level was slightly deceased after acupuncture,but the increase was not statistically significant.Conclusion The cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head was decreased by acupuncture at LU 6,the cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head was intended to decrease by acupuncture at ST 36.The cerebral blood oxygenation level of frontal head is intended to increase by acupuncture at SP 6.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81360623)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to establish a near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of Guizhou Aspidistra plants. [Method] Twenty three batch- es of Guizhou Aspidistra plants including A. chishuiensis, A. spinula, A. Caespitosa, A. sichuanensis, A. ebianensis, A. retusa, A. guizhouensis and A. liboensis were subjected to drying, pulverization and sieving and then directly determined for near- infrared reflectance spectrums; and the plants in this genus were classified by clus- ter analysis and principal component analysis （PCA）. [Result] The near-infrared re- flectance spectrums of the 23 batches of Guizhou Aspidistra plants showed very high similarity. The spectrums were processed by first derivative method, and the spectral range of 4 000-7 500 cm-1 was selected as the analytical range. Cluster analysis and PCA were employed to mass spectrum variables of plants in Aspidis- tra, fewer new variables became the linear combination of primary variables, and small differences between different varieties were enlarged, thereby facilitating intu- itive classification of plants in this genus. [Conclusion] Near-infrared diffuse re- flectance spectroscopy is nondestructive and rapid for determination of solid sam- pies, and provides a new method for the classification of Guizhou Aspidistra plants combined by information processing techniques.
基金Project supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Pro-gram (863) of China (No. 2004AA241180), and the Scientific Re-search Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars of State Education Ministry, and the Science and Technology Depart-ment of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘Sweetpotato starch thermal properties and its noodle quality were analyzed using a rapid predictive method based on near-infrared spectroscopy （NIRS）. This method was established based on a total of 93 sweetpotato genotypes with diverse genetic background. Starch samples were scanned by NIRS and analyzed for quality properties by reference methods. Results of statistical modelling indicated that NIRS was reasonably accurate in predicting gelatinization onset temperature （To） （standard error of prediction SEP=2.014 ℃, coefficient of determination RSQ=0.85）, gelatinization peak temperature （Tp） （SEP=-1.371 ℃, RSQ=0.89）, gelatinization temperature range （Tr） （SEP=2.234 ℃, RSQ=0.86）, and cooling resistance （CR） （SEP=0.528, RSQ=0.89）. Gelatinization completion temperature （To）, enthalpy of gelatinization （△H）, cooling loss （CL） and swelling degree （SWD）, were modelled less well with RSQ between 0.63 and 0.84. The present results suggested that the NIRS based method was sufficiently accurate and practical for routine analysis of sweetpotato starch and its noodle quality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21775076)the fundamental research funds for central universities(China)
文摘A method for quantitative determination of fish sperm deoxyribonucleic acid(fsDNA)was developed by using titanium dioxide(TiO2)as an adsorbent and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS).The selective enrichment of fsDNA was proved by comparing the adsorption efficiency of bovine serum albumin,tyrosine and tryptophan,and the low adsorption background of TiO2 was illustrated by comparing the spectra of four commonly-used inorganic adsorbents(alkaline aluminium oxide,neutral aluminium oxide,nano-hydroxyapatite and silica).The spectral feature of fsDNA can be clearly observed in the spectrum of the sample.Partial least squares(PLS)model was built for quantitative determination of fsDNA using 28 solutions,and 13 solutions with interferences were used for validation of the model.The results showed that the correlation coefficient(R)between the predicted and the reference concentration is 0.9727 and the recoveries of the validation samples are in the range of 98.2%-100.7%.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50635030)the Key Project of Jilin Provincial De-partment of Science & Technology, China(Nos.20060902-02, 200705C07)
文摘The near-infrared（NIR） diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to study the content of Berberine in the processed Coptis. The allocated proportions of Coptis to ginger, yellow liquor or Evodia rutaecarpa changed according to the results of orthogonal design as well as the temperature. For as withdrawing the full and effective information from the spectral data as possible, the spectral data was preprocessed through first derivative and multiplicative scatter correetion（MSC） according to the optimization results of different preprocessing methods. Firstly, the model was established by partial least squares（PLS）; the coefficient of determination（R2） of the prediction was 0.839, the root mean squared error of prediction（RMSEP） was 0.1422, and the mean relative error（RME） was 0.0276. Secondly, for reducing the dimension and removing noise, the spectral variables were highly effectively compressed via the wavelet transformation（WT） technology and the Haar wavelet was selected to decompose the spectral signals. After the wavelet coefficients from WT were input into the artificial neural network（ANN） instead of the spectra signal, the quantitative analysis model of Berberine in processed Coptis was established. The R^2 of the model was 0.9153, the RMSEP was 0.0444, and the RME was 0.0091. The values of appraisal index, namely R^2, RMSECV, and RME, indicate that the generalization ability and prediction precision of ANN are superior to those of PLS. The overall results show that NIR spectroscopy combined with ANN can be efficiently utilized for the rapid and accurate analysis of routine chemical compositions in Coptis. Accordingly, the result can provide technical support for the further analysis of Berberine and other components in processed Coptis. Simultaneously, the research can also offer the foundation of quantitative analysis of other NIR application.
文摘Near-infrared spectra of pathogenic bacteria (salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes ) were determined, and the spectral data were analyzed by the projection discriminant analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA). The expected results were obtained. The results showed that salmonella and L. monocytogenes could be distinguished from each other by the near-infrared spectroscopy of the whole cells, cell walls or cytoplasm.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC2004300,2020YFC2004302,2020YFC2004303,2020YFC2004301 and 2020YFC2004304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32000980)+4 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110427 and 2020B1515120014)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation Outstanding Youth Prqiect(2021B1515020064)the Key Laboratory Program of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes(2020KSYS001)the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou(202103000032)the Key P1atform and Scientific Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Education Department(2018KTSCX246).
文摘Stroke is caused by an acute focal disruption of the vasculature in the central nervous system.Neurological-related functional deficits are the most devastating consequences for stroke survi-vors.Neural signals from stroke patients can reflect the functional statuses of patients and provide insights into the neuronal recovery mechanism for functioning,which could be used as the basis for designing optimal treatment strategies.Near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)is a low-cost,noninvasive,easily operated neuroimage method and it is compatible with various rehabilitative programs.These advantages make NIRS an excellent candidate in research for stroke recovery.Here,we focused on the brain functions and recovery for stroke patients at stable status,conducted a systematic literature review about NIRS applications in stroke since 2000 and identified a total of 72 references through ScienceDirect and PubMed database retrieval.The NIRS studies in stroke include resting-state function and its recovery,motor function and itsrecovery,motor and cognition interference,cognitive function and its recovery,language function and its recovery,emotional function and its recovery and other applications.Based on the results of the quality assessment,we identified some study gaps from the previous research and provided suggestions for some methodological improvement in the future.The trend of NIRS gives a boost to its application in stroke,and the potential research directions for NIRS in stroke are pros-pected,including multi-center clinical research,treatment efficacy prediction research and brain-muscle coupling research.Finally,limitations of NIRS are discussed.
文摘Non-invasive cerebral neuromodulation technologies are essential for the reorganization of cerebral neural networks,which have been widely applied in the field of central neurological diseases,such as stroke,Parkinson’s disease,and mental disorders.Although significant advances have been made in neuromodulation technologies,the identification of optimal neurostimulation paramete rs including the co rtical target,duration,and inhibition or excitation pattern is still limited due to the lack of guidance for neural circuits.Moreove r,the neural mechanism unde rlying neuromodulation for improved behavioral performance remains poorly understood.Recently,advancements in neuroimaging have provided insight into neuromodulation techniques.Functional near-infrared spectroscopy,as a novel non-invasive optical brain imaging method,can detect brain activity by measuring cerebral hemodynamics with the advantages of portability,high motion tole rance,and anti-electromagnetic interference.Coupling functional near-infra red spectroscopy with neuromodulation technologies offe rs an opportunity to monitor the cortical response,provide realtime feedbac k,and establish a closed-loop strategy integrating evaluation,feedbac k,and intervention for neurostimulation,which provides a theoretical basis for development of individualized precise neuro rehabilitation.We aimed to summarize the advantages of functional near-infra red spectroscopy and provide an ove rview of the current research on functional near-infrared spectroscopy in transcranial magnetic stimulation,transcranial electrical stimulation,neurofeedback,and braincomputer interfaces.Furthermore,the future perspectives and directions for the application of functional near-infrared spectroscopy in neuromodulation are summarized.In conclusion,functional near-infrared spectroscopy combined with neuromodulation may promote the optimization of central pellral reorganization to achieve better functional recovery form central nervous system diseases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 60778024 and 30825027)the National Basic Re-search Program (973) of China (No. 2006BAD11A12)
文摘Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics techniques was used to classify the pure bayberry juice and the one adulterated with 10% (w/w) and 20% (w/w) water. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensions of spectral data, give information regarding a potential capability of separation of objects, and provide principal component (PC) scores for radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN). RBFNN was used to detect bayberry juice adulterant. Multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) and standard normal variate (SNV) transformation were used to preprocess spectra. The results demonstrate that PC-RBFNN with optimum parameters can separate pure bayberry juice samples from water-adulterated bayberry at a recognition rate of 97.62%, but cannot clearly detect water levels in the adulterated bayberry juice. We conclude that NIR technology can be successfully applied to detect water-adulterated bayberry juice.
基金National Key Technologies R&D Program Foundation of China (Grant No. 2006BAK04A11)
文摘To develop near-infrared （NIR） reflectance spectroscopic methods for the quantitative analysis of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium from different manufacturers for injection powder medicaments. Various powders of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium were directly analyzed by non-destructive NIR reflectance spectroscopy using the spectrometer EQUINOX55. Two quantitative methods via integrating sphere （IS） and fiberoptic probe （FOP） models were explored from 6 batches of commercial samples and 42 batches of laboratory samples at a content ranging from 30% to 70% for cefoperazone and 60% to 20% for sulbactam. The root mean square errors of cross validation （RMSECV） and the root mean square errors of prediction （RMSEP） of IS were 1.79% and 2.85%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 1.86% and 3.08%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium; and those of FOP were 2.93% and 2.92%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 2.23% and 3.01%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium. Based on the ICH guidelines and Ref. 12, the quantitative models were then evaluated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and model transferability. The non-destructive quantitative NIR methods used in this study are applicable for rapid analysis of injectable powdered drugs from different manufacturers.
