In this paper,we define the spectral Einstein functional associated with the Dirac operator for manifolds with boundary.And we give the proof of Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for the spectral Einstein functional as...In this paper,we define the spectral Einstein functional associated with the Dirac operator for manifolds with boundary.And we give the proof of Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for the spectral Einstein functional associated with the Dirac operator on 4-dimensional manifolds with boundary.展开更多
In this paper,we give the definitions of the non-self-adjoint spectral triple and its spectral Einstein functional.We compute the spectral Einstein functional associated with the nonminimal de Rham-Hodge operator on e...In this paper,we give the definitions of the non-self-adjoint spectral triple and its spectral Einstein functional.We compute the spectral Einstein functional associated with the nonminimal de Rham-Hodge operator on evendimensional compact manifolds without boundary.Finally,several examples of the non-self-adjoint spectral triple are listed.展开更多
This paper proposes a new step-by-step Chebyshev space-time spectral method to analyze the force vibration of functionally graded material structures.Although traditional space-time spectral methods can reduce the acc...This paper proposes a new step-by-step Chebyshev space-time spectral method to analyze the force vibration of functionally graded material structures.Although traditional space-time spectral methods can reduce the accuracy mismatch between tem-poral low-order finite difference and spatial high-order discre tization,the ir time collocation points must increase dramatically to solve highly oscillatory solutions of structural vibration,which results in a surge in computing time and a decrease in accuracy.To address this problem,we introduced the step-by-step idea in the space-time spectral method.The Chebyshev polynomials and Lagrange's equation were applied to derive discrete spatial goverming equations,and a matrix projection method was used to map the calculation results of prev ious steps as the initial conditions of the subsequent steps.A series of numerical experiments were carried out.The results of the proposed method were compared with those obtained by traditional space-time spectral methods,which showed that higher accuracy could be achieved in a shorter computation time than the latter in highly oscillatory cases.展开更多
Complex-valued double-sideband direct detection(DD)can reconstruct the optical field and achieve a high electrical spectral efficiency(ESE)comparable to that of a coherent homodyne receiver,and DD does not require a c...Complex-valued double-sideband direct detection(DD)can reconstruct the optical field and achieve a high electrical spectral efficiency(ESE)comparable to that of a coherent homodyne receiver,and DD does not require a costly local oscillator laser.However,a fundamental question remains if there is an optimal DD receiver structure with the simplest design to approach the performance of the coherent homodyne detection.This study derives the optimal DD receiver structure with an optimal transfer function to recover a quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)signal with a near-zero guard band at the central frequency of the signal.We derive the theoretical ESE limit for various detection schemes by invoking Shannon’s formula.Our proposed scheme is closest to coherent homodyne detection in terms of the theoretical ESE limit.By leveraging a WaveShaper to construct the optimal transfer function,we conduct a proof-of-concept experiment to transmit a net 228.85-Gb/s 64-QAM signal over an 80-km single-mode fiber with a net ESE of 8.76 b/s/Hz.To the best of our knowledge,this study reports the highest net ESE per polarization per wavelength for DD transmission beyond 40-km single-mode fiber.For a comprehensive metric,denoted as 2ESE×Reach,we achieve the highest 2ESE×Reach per polarization per wavelength for DD transmission.展开更多
Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)via the strategy of spectral conversion garners significant attention in recent years.However,developing a spectral conversion layer with excellent...Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)via the strategy of spectral conversion garners significant attention in recent years.However,developing a spectral conversion layer with excellent stability and low series resistance remains challenging.Here,we propose a spectral conversion material termed perylenetetracarboxylic diimide functionalized CsPbCl_(3):Mn^(2+)quantum dots(CMI),which is incorporated at the SnO_(2)/perovskite interface as a down-conversion layer.This innovation effectively resolves the trade-off between spectral conversion efficiency and electrical performance of the spectral conversion layer.CMI converts ultraviolet light into visible light that is more readily absorbed by the perovskite,thus enhancing the light utilization and reducing the ultraviolet-induced degradation of perovskites.The rough and hydrophobic surface of CMI can modulate nucleation site arrangement and enhance grain boundary mobility,resulting in perovskite films with larger and denser grains.Furthermore,the C=O groups in CMI simultaneously passivate the oxygen vacancies in SnO_(2)and the Pb^(2+)dangling bonds at the buried interface of the perovskite,reducing recombination losses and facilitating charge carrier transfer and extraction,and further enhancing power conversion efficiency(PCE).Consequently,the PSCs incorporating CMI as a down-conversion layer achieve an improved PCE,which rises from 21.26%to 23.61%,along with enhanced stability.展开更多
Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the m...Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.展开更多
In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the widespread deployment of visual systems in complex environments such as autonomous driving,security surveillance,and medical diagnosis.Ho...In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the widespread deployment of visual systems in complex environments such as autonomous driving,security surveillance,and medical diagnosis.However,existing image sensors—such as CMOS and CCD devices—intrinsically suffer from the limitation of fixed spectral response.Especially in environments with strong glare,haze,or dust,external spectral conditions often severely mismatch the device's design range,leading to significant degradation in image quality and a sharp drop in target recognition accuracy.While algorithmic post-processing(such as color bias correction or background suppression)can mitigate these issues,algorithm approaches typically introduce computational latency and increased energy consumption,making them unsuitable for edge computing or high-speed scenarios.展开更多
Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to s...Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.展开更多
BACKGROUND An echocardiogram is an essential tool in the evaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).Despite cardiac clearance,potential KTRs still have structural and functional abnormalities.Identifyi...BACKGROUND An echocardiogram is an essential tool in the evaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).Despite cardiac clearance,potential KTRs still have structural and functional abnormalities.Identifying the prevalence of these abnormalities and understanding their predictors is vital for optimizing pretransplant risk stratification and improving post-transplant outcomes.AIM To determine the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH),left ventricular systolic dysfunction(LVSD),diastolic dysfunction(DD),pulmonary hypertension(PH),and their predictors,and to assess their impact on graft function in pre-transplant candidates.METHODS The study included all successful transplant candidates older than 14 who had a baseline echocardiogram.Binary logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with LVH,LVSD,DD,and PH.RESULTS Out of 259 patients,LVH was present in 64%(166),12%(31)had LVSD,27.5%(71)had DD,and 66(25.5%)had PH.Independent predictors of LVH included male gender[odds ratio(OR):2.51;95%CI:1.17-5.41 P=0.02],PH(OR=2.07;95%CI:1.11-3.86;P=0.02),DD(OR:2.47;95%CI:1.29-4.73;P=0.006),and dyslipidemia(OR=1.94;95%CI:1.07-3.53;P=0.03).Predictors for LVSD included patients with DD(OR=3.3,95%CI:1.41-7.81;P=0.006)and a family history of coronary artery disease(OR=4.50,95%CI:1.33-15.20;P=0.015).Peritoneal dialysis was an independent predictor for DD(OR=10.03;95%CI:1.71-58.94,P=0.011).The presence of LVH(OR=3.32,95%CI:1.05-10.55,P=0.04)and mild to moderate or moderate to severe mitral regurgitation(OR=4.63,95%CI:1.45-14.78,P=0.01)were significant factors associated with PH.These abnormalities had no significant impact on estimated glomerular filtration at discharge,6 months,1 year,or 2 years post-transplant.CONCLUSION Significant echocardiographic abnormalities persist in a potential transplant candidate despite cardiac clearance,although they don’t affect future graft function.Understanding the risk factors associated with these abnormalities may help clinicians address these factors pre-and post-transplant to achieve better outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major ...BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder with rising prevalence.It is closely related to systemic health and psychological factors,such as sleep and mood disorders,which significantly...BACKGROUND Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder with rising prevalence.It is closely related to systemic health and psychological factors,such as sleep and mood disorders,which significantly impact the quality of life of patients.AIM To explore the correlations between ocular surface function,sleep quality,and anxiety/depression in patients with DED.METHODS This was a cross-sectional investigative study that included 358 patients with DED between January 2022 and January 2025.Ocular surface was assessed using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI),tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining score,and Schirmer I test.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to evaluate sleep quality and anxiety/depression levels.Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationships.RESULTS The mean PSQI score of the patients was 9.94±2.18;the mean SAS score was 47.30±4.90,and the mean SDS score was 50.08±5.52.These suggested a prevalence of sleep and psychological abnormalities.There was a significant correlation between the indicators of ocular surface function(OSDI,tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining,and Schirmer I test)and PSQI,SAS,and SDS scores(P<0.05).Moreover,multiple regression revealed that age≥50 years(β=1.55,P=0.029),PSQI scores(β=0.58,P<0.001),SAS scores(β=0.17,P=0.017),and SDS scores(β=0.15,P=0.019)were independent predictors of the OSDI scores.CONCLUSION Ocular surface function in patients with DED is closely related to sleep quality and anxiety/depression,emphasizing the need for holistic clinical management.展开更多
Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.B...Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.Based on the Joule effect,the solid carbon sources can be rapidly heated to ultra-high temperatures(>3000 K)through instantaneous high-energy current pulses during FJH,thus driving the rapid rearrangement and graphitization of carbon atoms.This technology demonstrates numerous advantages,such as solvent-and catalyst-free features,high energy conversion efficiency,and a short process cycle.In this review,we have systematically summarized the technology principle and equipment design for FJH,as well as its raw materials selection and pretreatment strategies.The research progress in the FJH synthesis of flash graphene,carbon nanotubes,graphene fibers,and anode hard carbon,as well as its by-products,is also presented.FJH can precisely optimize the microstructures of carbon materials(e.g.,interlayer spacing of turbostratic graphene,defect concentration,and heteroatom doping)by regulating its operation parameters like flash voltage and flash time,thereby enhancing their performances in various applications,such as composite reinforcement,metal-ion battery electrodes,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysts.However,this technology is still challenged by low process yield,macroscopic material uniformity,and green power supply system construction.More research efforts are also required to promote the transition of FJH from laboratory to industrial-scale applications,thus providing innovative solutions for advanced carbon materials manufacturing and waste management toward carbon neutrality.展开更多
AIM:To build a functional generalized estimating equation(GEE)model to detect glaucomatous visual field progression and compare the performance of the proposed method with that of commonly employed algorithms.METHODS:...AIM:To build a functional generalized estimating equation(GEE)model to detect glaucomatous visual field progression and compare the performance of the proposed method with that of commonly employed algorithms.METHODS:Totally 716 eyes of 716 patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)with at least 5 reliable 24-2 test results and 2y of follow-up were selected.The functional GEE model was used to detect perimetric progression in the training dataset(501 eyes).In the testing dataset(215 eyes),progression was evaluated the functional GEE model,mean deviation(MD)and visual field index(VFI)rates of change,Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study(AGIS)and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study(CIGTS)scores,and pointwise linear regression(PLR).RESULTS:The proposed method showed the highest proportion of eyes detected as progression(54.4%),followed by the VFI rate(34.4%),PLR(23.3%),and MD rate(21.4%).The CIGTS and AGIS scores had a lower proportion of eyes detected as progression(7.9%and 5.1%,respectively).The time to detection of progression was significantly shorter for the proposed method than that of other algorithms(adjusted P≤0.019).The VFI rate displayed moderate pairwise agreement with the proposed method(k=0.47).CONCLUSION:The functional GEE model shows the highest proportion of eyes detected as perimetric progression and the shortest time to detect perimetric progression in patients with POAG.展开更多
BACKGROUND The therapeutic role of neurodynamic mobilization in improving lower limb function in patients with mild post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis remains poorly understood.AIM To further elucidate the role of neu...BACKGROUND The therapeutic role of neurodynamic mobilization in improving lower limb function in patients with mild post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis remains poorly understood.AIM To further elucidate the role of neurodynamic mobilization in facilitating knee joint functional recovery.METHODS Thirty-two patients with post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis treated at Chonghua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Guilin)from March 2024 to August 2025 were randomly assigned to a control group(n=16)or an intervention group(n=16).Both groups received eight weeks of conventional treatment;and the intervention group additionally underwent neurodynamic mobilization.Outcomes including pain assessed by the visual analogue scale,active range of motion,Lysholm score,stork stand test,single hop test,and Y-balance test were assessed before and after the intervention.RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics,including gender,age,body mass index,or surgical side(P>0.05).Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance demonstrated significant time×group interaction effects for the visual analogue scale score(F=13.364,P<0.05),Lysholm knee score(F=20.385,P<0.05),stork stand test(F=103.756,P<0.05),and Y-balance test score(F=8.089,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Neurodynamic mobilization effectively reduces pain,improves knee function,and enhances lower limb balance in patients with mild post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis.展开更多
Carbon-based air cathodes offer low cost,high electrical conductivity,and structural tunability.However,they suffer from limited catalytic activity and inefficient gas transport,and they typically rely on noble metal ...Carbon-based air cathodes offer low cost,high electrical conductivity,and structural tunability.However,they suffer from limited catalytic activity and inefficient gas transport,and they typically rely on noble metal additives or complex multilayer configurations.To tackle these issues,this study devised a self-activated integrated carbon-based air cathode.By integrating in situ catalytic site construction with structural optimization,the strategy not only induces the formation of oxygen functional groups(─C─OH,─C═O,─COOH),hierarchical pores,and uniformly distributed active sites,but also establishes a favorable electronic and mass-transport environment.Furthermore,the roll-pressing-based integrated design streamlines electrode construction,reinforces interfacial bonding,and significantly enhances mechanical stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that oxygen functional groups initiate hydrogen bonding interaction and promote charge enrichment,which improves the activity of the cathode and facilitates intermediate adsorption/desorption in oxygen reduction and evolution reactions processes.As a result,the integrated air cathode-based rechargeable zinc-air batteries(RZABs)achieve a high specific capacity of 811 mAh g^(-1).It also performs well in quasi-solid-state RZABs and silicon-air batteries systems across a wide temperature range,demonstrating strong adaptability and application potential.This study provides a scalable and cost-effective design strategy for high-performance carbon-based air cathodes,offering new insights into advancing durable and practical metal-air energy systems.展开更多
Amphibious vehicles are more prone to attitude instability compared to ships,making it crucial to develop effective methods for monitoring instability risks.However,large inclination events,which can lead to instabili...Amphibious vehicles are more prone to attitude instability compared to ships,making it crucial to develop effective methods for monitoring instability risks.However,large inclination events,which can lead to instability,occur frequently in both experimental and operational data.This infrequency causes events to be overlooked by existing prediction models,which lack the precision to accurately predict inclination attitudes in amphibious vehicles.To address this gap in predicting attitudes near extreme inclination points,this study introduces a novel loss function,termed generalized extreme value loss.Subsequently,a deep learning model for improved waterborne attitude prediction,termed iInformer,was developed using a Transformer-based approach.During the embedding phase,a text prototype is created based on the vehicle’s operation log data is constructed to help the model better understand the vehicle’s operating environment.Data segmentation techniques are used to highlight local data variation features.Furthermore,to mitigate issues related to poor convergence and slow training speeds caused by the extreme value loss function,a teacher forcing mechanism is integrated into the model,enhancing its convergence capabilities.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to handle data imbalance challenges.Specifically,the model achieves over a 60%improvement in root mean square error under extreme value conditions,with significant improvements observed across additional metrics.展开更多
Spinal cord injury(SCI) often results in permanent dysfunction of locomotion,sensation,and autonomic regulation,imposing a substantial burden on both individuals and society(Anjum et al.,2020).SCI has a complex pathop...Spinal cord injury(SCI) often results in permanent dysfunction of locomotion,sensation,and autonomic regulation,imposing a substantial burden on both individuals and society(Anjum et al.,2020).SCI has a complex pathophysiology:an initial primary injury(mechanical trauma,axonal disruption,and hemorrhage) is followed by a progressive secondary injury cascade that involves ischemia,neuronal loss,and inflammation.Given the challenges in achieving regeneration of the injured spinal cord,neuroprotection has been at the forefront of clinical research.展开更多
Exogenous neural stem cell transplantation has become one of the most promising treatment methods for chronic stroke.Recent studies have shown that most ischemia-reperfusion model rats recover spontaneously after inju...Exogenous neural stem cell transplantation has become one of the most promising treatment methods for chronic stroke.Recent studies have shown that most ischemia-reperfusion model rats recover spontaneously after injury,which limits the ability to observe long-term behavioral recovery.Here,we used a severe stroke rat model with 150 minutes of ischemia,which produced severe behavioral deficiencies that persisted at 12 weeks,to study the therapeutic effect of neural stem cells on neural restoration in chronic stroke.Our study showed that stroke model rats treated with human neural stem cells had long-term sustained recovery of motor function,reduced infarction volume,long-term human neural stem cell survival,and improved local inflammatory environment and angiogenesis.We also demonstrated that transplanted human neural stem cells differentiated into mature neurons in vivo,formed stable functional synaptic connections with host neurons,and exhibited the electrophysiological properties of functional mature neurons,indicating that they replaced the damaged host neurons.The findings showed that human fetal-derived neural stem cells had long-term effects for neurological recovery in a model of severe stroke,which suggests that human neural stem cells-based therapy may be effective for repairing damaged neural circuits in stroke patients.展开更多
The organization of biological neuronal networks into functional modules has intrigued scientists and inspired engineers to develop artificial systems.These networks are characterized by two key properties.First,they ...The organization of biological neuronal networks into functional modules has intrigued scientists and inspired engineers to develop artificial systems.These networks are characterized by two key properties.First,they exhibit dense interconnectivity(Braitenburg and Schüz,1998;Campagnola et al.,2022).The strength and probability of connectivity depend on cell type,inter-neuronal distance,and species.Still,every cortical neuron receives input from thousands of other neurons while transmitting output to a similar number of neurons.Second,communication between neurons occurs primarily via chemical or electrical synapses.展开更多
文摘In this paper,we define the spectral Einstein functional associated with the Dirac operator for manifolds with boundary.And we give the proof of Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for the spectral Einstein functional associated with the Dirac operator on 4-dimensional manifolds with boundary.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11771070).
文摘In this paper,we give the definitions of the non-self-adjoint spectral triple and its spectral Einstein functional.We compute the spectral Einstein functional associated with the nonminimal de Rham-Hodge operator on evendimensional compact manifolds without boundary.Finally,several examples of the non-self-adjoint spectral triple are listed.
基金supported by the Advance Research Project of Civil Aerospace Technology(Grant No.D020304)National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52205257 and U22B2083).
文摘This paper proposes a new step-by-step Chebyshev space-time spectral method to analyze the force vibration of functionally graded material structures.Although traditional space-time spectral methods can reduce the accuracy mismatch between tem-poral low-order finite difference and spatial high-order discre tization,the ir time collocation points must increase dramatically to solve highly oscillatory solutions of structural vibration,which results in a surge in computing time and a decrease in accuracy.To address this problem,we introduced the step-by-step idea in the space-time spectral method.The Chebyshev polynomials and Lagrange's equation were applied to derive discrete spatial goverming equations,and a matrix projection method was used to map the calculation results of prev ious steps as the initial conditions of the subsequent steps.A series of numerical experiments were carried out.The results of the proposed method were compared with those obtained by traditional space-time spectral methods,which showed that higher accuracy could be achieved in a shorter computation time than the latter in highly oscillatory cases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62341508).
文摘Complex-valued double-sideband direct detection(DD)can reconstruct the optical field and achieve a high electrical spectral efficiency(ESE)comparable to that of a coherent homodyne receiver,and DD does not require a costly local oscillator laser.However,a fundamental question remains if there is an optimal DD receiver structure with the simplest design to approach the performance of the coherent homodyne detection.This study derives the optimal DD receiver structure with an optimal transfer function to recover a quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)signal with a near-zero guard band at the central frequency of the signal.We derive the theoretical ESE limit for various detection schemes by invoking Shannon’s formula.Our proposed scheme is closest to coherent homodyne detection in terms of the theoretical ESE limit.By leveraging a WaveShaper to construct the optimal transfer function,we conduct a proof-of-concept experiment to transmit a net 228.85-Gb/s 64-QAM signal over an 80-km single-mode fiber with a net ESE of 8.76 b/s/Hz.To the best of our knowledge,this study reports the highest net ESE per polarization per wavelength for DD transmission beyond 40-km single-mode fiber.For a comprehensive metric,denoted as 2ESE×Reach,we achieve the highest 2ESE×Reach per polarization per wavelength for DD transmission.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62275101 and 22075101)the Program for the Development of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(No.YDZJ202201ZYTS300).
文摘Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)via the strategy of spectral conversion garners significant attention in recent years.However,developing a spectral conversion layer with excellent stability and low series resistance remains challenging.Here,we propose a spectral conversion material termed perylenetetracarboxylic diimide functionalized CsPbCl_(3):Mn^(2+)quantum dots(CMI),which is incorporated at the SnO_(2)/perovskite interface as a down-conversion layer.This innovation effectively resolves the trade-off between spectral conversion efficiency and electrical performance of the spectral conversion layer.CMI converts ultraviolet light into visible light that is more readily absorbed by the perovskite,thus enhancing the light utilization and reducing the ultraviolet-induced degradation of perovskites.The rough and hydrophobic surface of CMI can modulate nucleation site arrangement and enhance grain boundary mobility,resulting in perovskite films with larger and denser grains.Furthermore,the C=O groups in CMI simultaneously passivate the oxygen vacancies in SnO_(2)and the Pb^(2+)dangling bonds at the buried interface of the perovskite,reducing recombination losses and facilitating charge carrier transfer and extraction,and further enhancing power conversion efficiency(PCE).Consequently,the PSCs incorporating CMI as a down-conversion layer achieve an improved PCE,which rises from 21.26%to 23.61%,along with enhanced stability.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB025904)Zhengzhou Shengda University of Economics,Business and Management(SD-YB2025085)。
文摘Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.
基金supported in part by STI 2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0209200)in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62374099)+2 种基金in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation−Xiaomi Innovation Joint Fund(L233009)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L248104)in part by Independent Research Program of School of Integrated Circuits,Tsinghua University,in part by Tsinghua University Fuzhou Data Technology Joint Research Institute.
文摘In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the widespread deployment of visual systems in complex environments such as autonomous driving,security surveillance,and medical diagnosis.However,existing image sensors—such as CMOS and CCD devices—intrinsically suffer from the limitation of fixed spectral response.Especially in environments with strong glare,haze,or dust,external spectral conditions often severely mismatch the device's design range,leading to significant degradation in image quality and a sharp drop in target recognition accuracy.While algorithmic post-processing(such as color bias correction or background suppression)can mitigate these issues,algorithm approaches typically introduce computational latency and increased energy consumption,making them unsuitable for edge computing or high-speed scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
文摘Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374292the Plans for Major Provincial Science and Technology Projects of Anhui Province,No.202303a07020003the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZYYCXTD-C-202401.
文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.
文摘BACKGROUND An echocardiogram is an essential tool in the evaluation of potential kidney transplant recipients(KTRs).Despite cardiac clearance,potential KTRs still have structural and functional abnormalities.Identifying the prevalence of these abnormalities and understanding their predictors is vital for optimizing pretransplant risk stratification and improving post-transplant outcomes.AIM To determine the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH),left ventricular systolic dysfunction(LVSD),diastolic dysfunction(DD),pulmonary hypertension(PH),and their predictors,and to assess their impact on graft function in pre-transplant candidates.METHODS The study included all successful transplant candidates older than 14 who had a baseline echocardiogram.Binary logistic regression models were constructed to identify factors associated with LVH,LVSD,DD,and PH.RESULTS Out of 259 patients,LVH was present in 64%(166),12%(31)had LVSD,27.5%(71)had DD,and 66(25.5%)had PH.Independent predictors of LVH included male gender[odds ratio(OR):2.51;95%CI:1.17-5.41 P=0.02],PH(OR=2.07;95%CI:1.11-3.86;P=0.02),DD(OR:2.47;95%CI:1.29-4.73;P=0.006),and dyslipidemia(OR=1.94;95%CI:1.07-3.53;P=0.03).Predictors for LVSD included patients with DD(OR=3.3,95%CI:1.41-7.81;P=0.006)and a family history of coronary artery disease(OR=4.50,95%CI:1.33-15.20;P=0.015).Peritoneal dialysis was an independent predictor for DD(OR=10.03;95%CI:1.71-58.94,P=0.011).The presence of LVH(OR=3.32,95%CI:1.05-10.55,P=0.04)and mild to moderate or moderate to severe mitral regurgitation(OR=4.63,95%CI:1.45-14.78,P=0.01)were significant factors associated with PH.These abnormalities had no significant impact on estimated glomerular filtration at discharge,6 months,1 year,or 2 years post-transplant.CONCLUSION Significant echocardiographic abnormalities persist in a potential transplant candidate despite cardiac clearance,although they don’t affect future graft function.Understanding the risk factors associated with these abnormalities may help clinicians address these factors pre-and post-transplant to achieve better outcomes.
基金Supported by Suzhou Clinical Medical Center for Mood Disorders,No.Szlcyxzx202109Suzhou Key Laboratory,No.SZS2024016Multicenter Clinical Research on Major Diseases in Suzhou,No.DZXYJ202413.
文摘BACKGROUND Suicide constitutes the second leading cause of death among adolescents globally and represents a critical public health concern.The neural mechanisms underlying suicidal behavior in adolescents with major depressive disorder(MDD)remain poorly understood.Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity(rsFC)in the amygdala,a key region implicated in emotional regulation and threat detection,is strongly implicated in depression and suicidal behavior.AIM To investigate rsFC alterations between amygdala subregions and whole-brain networks in adolescent patients with depression and suicide attempts.METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired from 32 adolescents with MDD and suicide attempts(sMDD)group,33 adolescents with MDD but without suicide attempts(nsMDD)group,and 34 demographically matched healthy control(HC)group,with the lateral and medial amygdala(MeA)defined as regions of interest.The rsFC patterns of amygdala subregions were compared across the three groups,and associations between aberrant rsFC values and clinical symptom severity scores were examined.RESULTS Compared with the nsMDD group,the sMDD group exhibited reduced rsFC between the right lateral amygdala(LA)and the right inferior occipital gyrus as well as the left middle occipital gyrus.Compared with the HC group,the abnormal brain regions of rsFC in the sMDD group and nsMDD group involve the parahippocampal gyrus(PHG)and fusiform gyrus.In the sMDD group,right MeA and right temporal pole:Superior temporal gyrus rsFC value negatively correlated with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale scores(r=-0.409,P=0.025),while left LA and right PHG rsFC value positively correlated with the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Checklist interpersonal relationship scores(r=0.372,P=0.043).CONCLUSION Aberrant rsFC changes between amygdala subregions and these brain regions provide novel insights into the underlying neural mechanisms of suicide attempts in adolescents with MDD.
文摘BACKGROUND Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder with rising prevalence.It is closely related to systemic health and psychological factors,such as sleep and mood disorders,which significantly impact the quality of life of patients.AIM To explore the correlations between ocular surface function,sleep quality,and anxiety/depression in patients with DED.METHODS This was a cross-sectional investigative study that included 358 patients with DED between January 2022 and January 2025.Ocular surface was assessed using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI),tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining score,and Schirmer I test.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to evaluate sleep quality and anxiety/depression levels.Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationships.RESULTS The mean PSQI score of the patients was 9.94±2.18;the mean SAS score was 47.30±4.90,and the mean SDS score was 50.08±5.52.These suggested a prevalence of sleep and psychological abnormalities.There was a significant correlation between the indicators of ocular surface function(OSDI,tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining,and Schirmer I test)and PSQI,SAS,and SDS scores(P<0.05).Moreover,multiple regression revealed that age≥50 years(β=1.55,P=0.029),PSQI scores(β=0.58,P<0.001),SAS scores(β=0.17,P=0.017),and SDS scores(β=0.15,P=0.019)were independent predictors of the OSDI scores.CONCLUSION Ocular surface function in patients with DED is closely related to sleep quality and anxiety/depression,emphasizing the need for holistic clinical management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276196)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion(FSKLCCA2508)the High-level Talent Foundation of Anhui Agricultural University(rc412307).
文摘Flash Joule heating(FJH),as a high-efficiency and low-energy consumption technology for advanced materials synthesis,has shown significant potential in the synthesis of graphene and other functional carbon materials.Based on the Joule effect,the solid carbon sources can be rapidly heated to ultra-high temperatures(>3000 K)through instantaneous high-energy current pulses during FJH,thus driving the rapid rearrangement and graphitization of carbon atoms.This technology demonstrates numerous advantages,such as solvent-and catalyst-free features,high energy conversion efficiency,and a short process cycle.In this review,we have systematically summarized the technology principle and equipment design for FJH,as well as its raw materials selection and pretreatment strategies.The research progress in the FJH synthesis of flash graphene,carbon nanotubes,graphene fibers,and anode hard carbon,as well as its by-products,is also presented.FJH can precisely optimize the microstructures of carbon materials(e.g.,interlayer spacing of turbostratic graphene,defect concentration,and heteroatom doping)by regulating its operation parameters like flash voltage and flash time,thereby enhancing their performances in various applications,such as composite reinforcement,metal-ion battery electrodes,supercapacitors,and electrocatalysts.However,this technology is still challenged by low process yield,macroscopic material uniformity,and green power supply system construction.More research efforts are also required to promote the transition of FJH from laboratory to industrial-scale applications,thus providing innovative solutions for advanced carbon materials manufacturing and waste management toward carbon neutrality.
基金Supported by the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI),funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(No.HR20C0026)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(No.RS-2023-00247504)the Patient-Centered Clinical Research Coordinating Center,funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(No.HC19C0276).
文摘AIM:To build a functional generalized estimating equation(GEE)model to detect glaucomatous visual field progression and compare the performance of the proposed method with that of commonly employed algorithms.METHODS:Totally 716 eyes of 716 patients with primary open angle glaucoma(POAG)with at least 5 reliable 24-2 test results and 2y of follow-up were selected.The functional GEE model was used to detect perimetric progression in the training dataset(501 eyes).In the testing dataset(215 eyes),progression was evaluated the functional GEE model,mean deviation(MD)and visual field index(VFI)rates of change,Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study(AGIS)and Collaborative Initial Glaucoma Treatment Study(CIGTS)scores,and pointwise linear regression(PLR).RESULTS:The proposed method showed the highest proportion of eyes detected as progression(54.4%),followed by the VFI rate(34.4%),PLR(23.3%),and MD rate(21.4%).The CIGTS and AGIS scores had a lower proportion of eyes detected as progression(7.9%and 5.1%,respectively).The time to detection of progression was significantly shorter for the proposed method than that of other algorithms(adjusted P≤0.019).The VFI rate displayed moderate pairwise agreement with the proposed method(k=0.47).CONCLUSION:The functional GEE model shows the highest proportion of eyes detected as perimetric progression and the shortest time to detect perimetric progression in patients with POAG.
基金Supported by the Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project for Science and Technology Innovation Base Construction,No.Guike ZY24212046National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U22A2092+3 种基金Guangxi Education Science“the 14th Five-Year Plan”2024 Special Project“Research on Steam Education Practice in Rehabilitation Engineering”,No.2024ZJY304the Research Basic Ability Enhancement Program for Young and Middle-aged Teachers of Guangxi,No.2025KY2255the Innovation Project of GUET Graduate Education,No.2025YCXB010Natural Science Research Project of Guilin Life and Health Career Technical College,No.2025GKKY04.
文摘BACKGROUND The therapeutic role of neurodynamic mobilization in improving lower limb function in patients with mild post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis remains poorly understood.AIM To further elucidate the role of neurodynamic mobilization in facilitating knee joint functional recovery.METHODS Thirty-two patients with post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis treated at Chonghua Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Guilin)from March 2024 to August 2025 were randomly assigned to a control group(n=16)or an intervention group(n=16).Both groups received eight weeks of conventional treatment;and the intervention group additionally underwent neurodynamic mobilization.Outcomes including pain assessed by the visual analogue scale,active range of motion,Lysholm score,stork stand test,single hop test,and Y-balance test were assessed before and after the intervention.RESULTS There were no significant differences between the two groups in baseline characteristics,including gender,age,body mass index,or surgical side(P>0.05).Two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance demonstrated significant time×group interaction effects for the visual analogue scale score(F=13.364,P<0.05),Lysholm knee score(F=20.385,P<0.05),stork stand test(F=103.756,P<0.05),and Y-balance test score(F=8.089,P<0.05).CONCLUSION Neurodynamic mobilization effectively reduces pain,improves knee function,and enhances lower limb balance in patients with mild post-traumatic knee osteoarthritis.
基金funded by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(62264006,62574102)“Thousand Talents Program”of Yunnan Province for Young Talents,Innovative Research Teams(in Science and Technology)in the University of Yunnan Province(IRTSTYN),XingDian Talent Support Program for Young Talents,and Frontier Research Team of Kunming University 2023,The Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province(Nos.202201AU070022)+2 种基金Kunming University Talent Introduction Fund(Nos.YJL20024)Yunnan Province Education Department Scientific Research Fund Project(Nos.2024Y759)Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program Project of Yunnan Provincial(202411393005)。
文摘Carbon-based air cathodes offer low cost,high electrical conductivity,and structural tunability.However,they suffer from limited catalytic activity and inefficient gas transport,and they typically rely on noble metal additives or complex multilayer configurations.To tackle these issues,this study devised a self-activated integrated carbon-based air cathode.By integrating in situ catalytic site construction with structural optimization,the strategy not only induces the formation of oxygen functional groups(─C─OH,─C═O,─COOH),hierarchical pores,and uniformly distributed active sites,but also establishes a favorable electronic and mass-transport environment.Furthermore,the roll-pressing-based integrated design streamlines electrode construction,reinforces interfacial bonding,and significantly enhances mechanical stability.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations show that oxygen functional groups initiate hydrogen bonding interaction and promote charge enrichment,which improves the activity of the cathode and facilitates intermediate adsorption/desorption in oxygen reduction and evolution reactions processes.As a result,the integrated air cathode-based rechargeable zinc-air batteries(RZABs)achieve a high specific capacity of 811 mAh g^(-1).It also performs well in quasi-solid-state RZABs and silicon-air batteries systems across a wide temperature range,demonstrating strong adaptability and application potential.This study provides a scalable and cost-effective design strategy for high-performance carbon-based air cathodes,offering new insights into advancing durable and practical metal-air energy systems.
基金Supported by the National Defense Basic Scientific Research Program of China.
文摘Amphibious vehicles are more prone to attitude instability compared to ships,making it crucial to develop effective methods for monitoring instability risks.However,large inclination events,which can lead to instability,occur frequently in both experimental and operational data.This infrequency causes events to be overlooked by existing prediction models,which lack the precision to accurately predict inclination attitudes in amphibious vehicles.To address this gap in predicting attitudes near extreme inclination points,this study introduces a novel loss function,termed generalized extreme value loss.Subsequently,a deep learning model for improved waterborne attitude prediction,termed iInformer,was developed using a Transformer-based approach.During the embedding phase,a text prototype is created based on the vehicle’s operation log data is constructed to help the model better understand the vehicle’s operating environment.Data segmentation techniques are used to highlight local data variation features.Furthermore,to mitigate issues related to poor convergence and slow training speeds caused by the extreme value loss function,a teacher forcing mechanism is integrated into the model,enhancing its convergence capabilities.Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method,demonstrating its ability to handle data imbalance challenges.Specifically,the model achieves over a 60%improvement in root mean square error under extreme value conditions,with significant improvements observed across additional metrics.
文摘Spinal cord injury(SCI) often results in permanent dysfunction of locomotion,sensation,and autonomic regulation,imposing a substantial burden on both individuals and society(Anjum et al.,2020).SCI has a complex pathophysiology:an initial primary injury(mechanical trauma,axonal disruption,and hemorrhage) is followed by a progressive secondary injury cascade that involves ischemia,neuronal loss,and inflammation.Given the challenges in achieving regeneration of the injured spinal cord,neuroprotection has been at the forefront of clinical research.
文摘Exogenous neural stem cell transplantation has become one of the most promising treatment methods for chronic stroke.Recent studies have shown that most ischemia-reperfusion model rats recover spontaneously after injury,which limits the ability to observe long-term behavioral recovery.Here,we used a severe stroke rat model with 150 minutes of ischemia,which produced severe behavioral deficiencies that persisted at 12 weeks,to study the therapeutic effect of neural stem cells on neural restoration in chronic stroke.Our study showed that stroke model rats treated with human neural stem cells had long-term sustained recovery of motor function,reduced infarction volume,long-term human neural stem cell survival,and improved local inflammatory environment and angiogenesis.We also demonstrated that transplanted human neural stem cells differentiated into mature neurons in vivo,formed stable functional synaptic connections with host neurons,and exhibited the electrophysiological properties of functional mature neurons,indicating that they replaced the damaged host neurons.The findings showed that human fetal-derived neural stem cells had long-term effects for neurological recovery in a model of severe stroke,which suggests that human neural stem cells-based therapy may be effective for repairing damaged neural circuits in stroke patients.
基金supported in part by the Rosetrees Trust(#CF-2023-I-2_113)by the Israel Ministry of Innovation,Science,and Technology(#7393)(to ES).
文摘The organization of biological neuronal networks into functional modules has intrigued scientists and inspired engineers to develop artificial systems.These networks are characterized by two key properties.First,they exhibit dense interconnectivity(Braitenburg and Schüz,1998;Campagnola et al.,2022).The strength and probability of connectivity depend on cell type,inter-neuronal distance,and species.Still,every cortical neuron receives input from thousands of other neurons while transmitting output to a similar number of neurons.Second,communication between neurons occurs primarily via chemical or electrical synapses.
