In this paper,we define the spectral Einstein functional associated with the Dirac operator for manifolds with boundary.And we give the proof of Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for the spectral Einstein functional as...In this paper,we define the spectral Einstein functional associated with the Dirac operator for manifolds with boundary.And we give the proof of Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for the spectral Einstein functional associated with the Dirac operator on 4-dimensional manifolds with boundary.展开更多
In this paper,we give the definitions of the non-self-adjoint spectral triple and its spectral Einstein functional.We compute the spectral Einstein functional associated with the nonminimal de Rham-Hodge operator on e...In this paper,we give the definitions of the non-self-adjoint spectral triple and its spectral Einstein functional.We compute the spectral Einstein functional associated with the nonminimal de Rham-Hodge operator on evendimensional compact manifolds without boundary.Finally,several examples of the non-self-adjoint spectral triple are listed.展开更多
This paper proposes a new step-by-step Chebyshev space-time spectral method to analyze the force vibration of functionally graded material structures.Although traditional space-time spectral methods can reduce the acc...This paper proposes a new step-by-step Chebyshev space-time spectral method to analyze the force vibration of functionally graded material structures.Although traditional space-time spectral methods can reduce the accuracy mismatch between tem-poral low-order finite difference and spatial high-order discre tization,the ir time collocation points must increase dramatically to solve highly oscillatory solutions of structural vibration,which results in a surge in computing time and a decrease in accuracy.To address this problem,we introduced the step-by-step idea in the space-time spectral method.The Chebyshev polynomials and Lagrange's equation were applied to derive discrete spatial goverming equations,and a matrix projection method was used to map the calculation results of prev ious steps as the initial conditions of the subsequent steps.A series of numerical experiments were carried out.The results of the proposed method were compared with those obtained by traditional space-time spectral methods,which showed that higher accuracy could be achieved in a shorter computation time than the latter in highly oscillatory cases.展开更多
Complex-valued double-sideband direct detection(DD)can reconstruct the optical field and achieve a high electrical spectral efficiency(ESE)comparable to that of a coherent homodyne receiver,and DD does not require a c...Complex-valued double-sideband direct detection(DD)can reconstruct the optical field and achieve a high electrical spectral efficiency(ESE)comparable to that of a coherent homodyne receiver,and DD does not require a costly local oscillator laser.However,a fundamental question remains if there is an optimal DD receiver structure with the simplest design to approach the performance of the coherent homodyne detection.This study derives the optimal DD receiver structure with an optimal transfer function to recover a quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)signal with a near-zero guard band at the central frequency of the signal.We derive the theoretical ESE limit for various detection schemes by invoking Shannon’s formula.Our proposed scheme is closest to coherent homodyne detection in terms of the theoretical ESE limit.By leveraging a WaveShaper to construct the optimal transfer function,we conduct a proof-of-concept experiment to transmit a net 228.85-Gb/s 64-QAM signal over an 80-km single-mode fiber with a net ESE of 8.76 b/s/Hz.To the best of our knowledge,this study reports the highest net ESE per polarization per wavelength for DD transmission beyond 40-km single-mode fiber.For a comprehensive metric,denoted as 2ESE×Reach,we achieve the highest 2ESE×Reach per polarization per wavelength for DD transmission.展开更多
Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)via the strategy of spectral conversion garners significant attention in recent years.However,developing a spectral conversion layer with excellent...Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)via the strategy of spectral conversion garners significant attention in recent years.However,developing a spectral conversion layer with excellent stability and low series resistance remains challenging.Here,we propose a spectral conversion material termed perylenetetracarboxylic diimide functionalized CsPbCl_(3):Mn^(2+)quantum dots(CMI),which is incorporated at the SnO_(2)/perovskite interface as a down-conversion layer.This innovation effectively resolves the trade-off between spectral conversion efficiency and electrical performance of the spectral conversion layer.CMI converts ultraviolet light into visible light that is more readily absorbed by the perovskite,thus enhancing the light utilization and reducing the ultraviolet-induced degradation of perovskites.The rough and hydrophobic surface of CMI can modulate nucleation site arrangement and enhance grain boundary mobility,resulting in perovskite films with larger and denser grains.Furthermore,the C=O groups in CMI simultaneously passivate the oxygen vacancies in SnO_(2)and the Pb^(2+)dangling bonds at the buried interface of the perovskite,reducing recombination losses and facilitating charge carrier transfer and extraction,and further enhancing power conversion efficiency(PCE).Consequently,the PSCs incorporating CMI as a down-conversion layer achieve an improved PCE,which rises from 21.26%to 23.61%,along with enhanced stability.展开更多
A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synth...A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.展开更多
This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared ...This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.展开更多
Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the m...Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.展开更多
Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the bi...Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of saikosaponins,we identified two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases,CYP716A41 and CYP716Y4,in Bupleurum chinense.These enzymes catalyze the C-28 oxidation and C-16 hydroxylation of oleanane-type triterpene skeletons,respectively.The catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 from a southern B.chinense variety was significantly higher than that from a northern variety.Molecular docking and mutagenesis experiments revealed that amino acid residues at sites 9 and 35 may contribute to this difference in catalytic efficiency.Additionally,under cold stress,the expression levels of both CYP450 genes and the saikosaponin contents in the leaves of southern varieties were significantly higher compared to those in northern varieties.The variation in the catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 and the differential expression of the two CYP450 genes under cold stress during winter are associated with the differences in saikosaponin biosynthesis in the leaves of southern and northern B.chinense varieties.This is consistent with the distinct medicinal usage practices observed between southern and northern China.展开更多
In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the widespread deployment of visual systems in complex environments such as autonomous driving,security surveillance,and medical diagnosis.Ho...In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the widespread deployment of visual systems in complex environments such as autonomous driving,security surveillance,and medical diagnosis.However,existing image sensors—such as CMOS and CCD devices—intrinsically suffer from the limitation of fixed spectral response.Especially in environments with strong glare,haze,or dust,external spectral conditions often severely mismatch the device's design range,leading to significant degradation in image quality and a sharp drop in target recognition accuracy.While algorithmic post-processing(such as color bias correction or background suppression)can mitigate these issues,algorithm approaches typically introduce computational latency and increased energy consumption,making them unsuitable for edge computing or high-speed scenarios.展开更多
Runway surface roughness significantly influences aircraft vibrations during takeoff and landing,affecting both flight safety and pavement durability.Aircraft operate at high speeds and wide gear spans,making them sen...Runway surface roughness significantly influences aircraft vibrations during takeoff and landing,affecting both flight safety and pavement durability.Aircraft operate at high speeds and wide gear spans,making them sensitive to long-wavelength(15–120 m)and lateral irregularities,which are often overlooked in traditional roughness models.This study aims to construct a three-dimensional runway roughness modeling framework integrating"precise detection-spectrum analysis-spatial reconstruction"in response to this issue.Combining the elevation data of 37 runways(5 asphalt runways and 32 cement runways)measured by a vehicle-mounted laser profilometer and the BeiDou positioning system,the power spectrum analysis was carried out by the Burg method and the spectrum models of asphalt and cement runways were fitted respectively.Meanwhile,a new exponential lateral coherence function was proposed.Finally,the three-dimensional spatial model was reconstructed by using the transfer function and genetic algorithm.The results show that the error of the measured elevation data is less than 1 cm.The spectral characteristics of different pavement types are significantly different.Among them,the R^(2) of the asphalt runway fitted with the Sussman model is greater than 0.9.The cement runway needs to be characterized by a piecewise function to represent the spectral mutation.The fitting error of the new index's lateral coherence function has been reduced to 0.012.The reconstructed three-dimensional model is in good agreement with the theoretical value and the error does not exceed 0.18 mm^(2) m/c.Finally,a three-dimensional model of 0–20 m in the lateral direction and 3000 m in the longitudinal direction is generated,providing support for aircraft vibration simulation and pavement maintenance.展开更多
Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in s...Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.展开更多
Nickel-catalyzed borylation of aryl nonaflates with B2pin2 could be realized,which proceeded effectively by means of C—O bond functionalization to afford a wide variety of valuable arylboronates in moderate to excell...Nickel-catalyzed borylation of aryl nonaflates with B2pin2 could be realized,which proceeded effectively by means of C—O bond functionalization to afford a wide variety of valuable arylboronates in moderate to excellent yields with good functionality compatibility.In addition,the gram-scale synthesis and the application of the approach in the late-stage elaboration of aryl nonaflate derived from pterostilbene could also be achieved.展开更多
Let K_(j)/Q,1≤j≤ν,ν≥2 be quadratic fields with pairwise coprime discriminants Dj,and let τ_(kj)^(K_(j))(n)be the divisor function associated to Dedekind zeta function SK_(j)(s).In this paper,we consider a multid...Let K_(j)/Q,1≤j≤ν,ν≥2 be quadratic fields with pairwise coprime discriminants Dj,and let τ_(kj)^(K_(j))(n)be the divisor function associated to Dedekind zeta function SK_(j)(s).In this paper,we consider a multidimensional general divisor problem related to the τ_(kj)^(K_(j))(n)involving several number fields over square integers,by establishing the corresponding asymptotic formula.As an application,we also obtain the asymptotic formula of variance of these coefi icients.展开更多
Owing to its large aperture and advanced receivers,research plans for the Qitai 110 m radio telescope(QTT)include a variety of spectral line scientific studies.Sequential construction of receiver systems and multidisc...Owing to its large aperture and advanced receivers,research plans for the Qitai 110 m radio telescope(QTT)include a variety of spectral line scientific studies.Sequential construction of receiver systems and multidisciplinary planning require overcoming serious challenges to spectral line digital backend development,notably to digitize,process,and transmit considerable quantities of observational data,to minimize time-to-science with an easily scalable architecture,and to provide robust,high-quality data.As a proof-of-concept for the QTT backend,here we implement a baseband spectral line digital backend with a SNAP+GPU architecture.The SNAP-based digital frontend comprises two digitization links(1000 MHz,8-bit),two parallel quad-channel preprocessing modules,a quantization module,and a finite-state packaging module,generating a 100-MHz bandwidth digital link from the original analog signal through high-speed Ethernet transmission.The GPU node receives preprocessed baseband packets,constructs a ring buffer for lossless unpacking and distributing,with real-time data reception and caching,and conducts real-time spectral analysis(frequency resolution:3.051 kHz)of the 100 MHz baseband data.We evaluated system performance experimentally using spectral line observations with the Nanshan 26-m radio telescope(NSRT).For the QTT,the SNAP digital frontend will be seamlessly migrated to a radio frequency system-on-chip(RFSoC)architecture,resulting in five-and tenfold increases in instantaneous bandwidth and data throughput,respectively.The low-coupling digital frontend and GPU node can be easily extended to multiple nodes.展开更多
In recent years,researchers have extensively investigated the Hankel determinant,which consists of coefficients appearing in a holomorphic function’s Taylor-Maclaurin series.Hankel matrices are widely used in Markov ...In recent years,researchers have extensively investigated the Hankel determinant,which consists of coefficients appearing in a holomorphic function’s Taylor-Maclaurin series.Hankel matrices are widely used in Markov processes,non-stationary signals,and other mathematical disciplines.The aim of the current research article is to first improve the bounds of coefficient-related problems by employing the well-known Carathéodory function.The problems that we are going to improve were obtained by Tang et al.The sharp estimates of the most difficult problem of geometric function theory known as the third-order Hankel determinant are also contributed here.Zalcman and Fekete-Szegöinequalities are also studied here for the defined family of holomorphic functions.展开更多
In this paper,we offer a new construction of Stefan’s homological spectral sequence for Hopf Galois extensions,by using the double complex argument.Under the faithfully flat condition,a method for computation of Hoch...In this paper,we offer a new construction of Stefan’s homological spectral sequence for Hopf Galois extensions,by using the double complex argument.Under the faithfully flat condition,a method for computation of Hochschild homology is given.展开更多
This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fati...This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.展开更多
Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to s...Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.展开更多
An efficient data-driven numerical framework is developed for transient heat conduction analysis in thin-walled structures.The proposed approach integrates spectral time discretization with neural network approximatio...An efficient data-driven numerical framework is developed for transient heat conduction analysis in thin-walled structures.The proposed approach integrates spectral time discretization with neural network approximation,forming a spectral-integrated neural network(SINN)scheme tailored for problems characterized by long-time evolution.Temporal derivatives are treated through a spectral integration strategy based on orthogonal polynomial expansions,which significantly alleviates stability constraints associated with conventional time-marching schemes.A fully connected neural network is employed to approximate the temperature-related variables,while governing equa-tions and boundary conditions are enforced through a physics-informed loss formulation.Numerical investigations demonstrate that the proposed method maintains high accuracy even when large time steps are adopted,where standard numerical solvers often suffer from instability or excessive computational cost.Moreover,the framework exhibits strong robustness for ultrathin configurations with extreme aspect ratios,achieving relative errors on the order of 10−5 or lower.These results indicate that the SINN framework provides a reliable and efficient alternative for transient thermal analysis of thin-walled structures under challenging computational conditions.展开更多
文摘In this paper,we define the spectral Einstein functional associated with the Dirac operator for manifolds with boundary.And we give the proof of Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for the spectral Einstein functional associated with the Dirac operator on 4-dimensional manifolds with boundary.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11771070).
文摘In this paper,we give the definitions of the non-self-adjoint spectral triple and its spectral Einstein functional.We compute the spectral Einstein functional associated with the nonminimal de Rham-Hodge operator on evendimensional compact manifolds without boundary.Finally,several examples of the non-self-adjoint spectral triple are listed.
基金supported by the Advance Research Project of Civil Aerospace Technology(Grant No.D020304)National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52205257 and U22B2083).
文摘This paper proposes a new step-by-step Chebyshev space-time spectral method to analyze the force vibration of functionally graded material structures.Although traditional space-time spectral methods can reduce the accuracy mismatch between tem-poral low-order finite difference and spatial high-order discre tization,the ir time collocation points must increase dramatically to solve highly oscillatory solutions of structural vibration,which results in a surge in computing time and a decrease in accuracy.To address this problem,we introduced the step-by-step idea in the space-time spectral method.The Chebyshev polynomials and Lagrange's equation were applied to derive discrete spatial goverming equations,and a matrix projection method was used to map the calculation results of prev ious steps as the initial conditions of the subsequent steps.A series of numerical experiments were carried out.The results of the proposed method were compared with those obtained by traditional space-time spectral methods,which showed that higher accuracy could be achieved in a shorter computation time than the latter in highly oscillatory cases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62341508).
文摘Complex-valued double-sideband direct detection(DD)can reconstruct the optical field and achieve a high electrical spectral efficiency(ESE)comparable to that of a coherent homodyne receiver,and DD does not require a costly local oscillator laser.However,a fundamental question remains if there is an optimal DD receiver structure with the simplest design to approach the performance of the coherent homodyne detection.This study derives the optimal DD receiver structure with an optimal transfer function to recover a quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)signal with a near-zero guard band at the central frequency of the signal.We derive the theoretical ESE limit for various detection schemes by invoking Shannon’s formula.Our proposed scheme is closest to coherent homodyne detection in terms of the theoretical ESE limit.By leveraging a WaveShaper to construct the optimal transfer function,we conduct a proof-of-concept experiment to transmit a net 228.85-Gb/s 64-QAM signal over an 80-km single-mode fiber with a net ESE of 8.76 b/s/Hz.To the best of our knowledge,this study reports the highest net ESE per polarization per wavelength for DD transmission beyond 40-km single-mode fiber.For a comprehensive metric,denoted as 2ESE×Reach,we achieve the highest 2ESE×Reach per polarization per wavelength for DD transmission.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62275101 and 22075101)the Program for the Development of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(No.YDZJ202201ZYTS300).
文摘Enhancing the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells(PSCs)via the strategy of spectral conversion garners significant attention in recent years.However,developing a spectral conversion layer with excellent stability and low series resistance remains challenging.Here,we propose a spectral conversion material termed perylenetetracarboxylic diimide functionalized CsPbCl_(3):Mn^(2+)quantum dots(CMI),which is incorporated at the SnO_(2)/perovskite interface as a down-conversion layer.This innovation effectively resolves the trade-off between spectral conversion efficiency and electrical performance of the spectral conversion layer.CMI converts ultraviolet light into visible light that is more readily absorbed by the perovskite,thus enhancing the light utilization and reducing the ultraviolet-induced degradation of perovskites.The rough and hydrophobic surface of CMI can modulate nucleation site arrangement and enhance grain boundary mobility,resulting in perovskite films with larger and denser grains.Furthermore,the C=O groups in CMI simultaneously passivate the oxygen vacancies in SnO_(2)and the Pb^(2+)dangling bonds at the buried interface of the perovskite,reducing recombination losses and facilitating charge carrier transfer and extraction,and further enhancing power conversion efficiency(PCE).Consequently,the PSCs incorporating CMI as a down-conversion layer achieve an improved PCE,which rises from 21.26%to 23.61%,along with enhanced stability.
基金supported by grants from the Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project(GKAA24206023)the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2024ZD04077)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272120)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFF1000800)the Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Precise Breeding of Future Crops Major Project(FCBRCE-202502,FCBRCE-202504).
文摘A growing global population and the increasing prevalence of diet-related health issues such as“hidden hunger”,obesity,hypertension,and diabetes necessitate a fundamental rethinking of crop design and breeding.Synthetic metabolic engineering offers a method to modify and redesign metabolic pathways to increase the nutritional value of crops.We summarize recent advances in the biofortification of key nutrients including provitamin A,vitamin C,vitamin B9,iron,zinc,anthocyanins,flavonoids,and unsaturated fatty acids.We discuss the potential of multi-gene stacking,gene editing,enzyme engineering,and artificial intelligence in synthetic metabolic engineering.We propose future research directions and potential solutions centered on leveraging AI-driven systems biology,precision gene editing,enzyme engineering,agrobacterium-mediated genotype-independent transformation,and modular metabolic engineering strategies to develop next-generation nutritionally enhanced super crops and transform global food systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82174074)。
文摘This study investigates the properties of high-purity starches extracted from Polygonum multiflorum(PMS)and Smilax glabra(SGS).The starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray diffraction,high-performance anion-exchange chromatography,and differential scanning calorimetry.Significant differences were observed in their morphological,physicochemical,and functional properties.PMS had a smaller particle size(13.68 μm),irregular polygonal shape,A-type,lower water absorption(62.67 %),and higher oil absorption(51.17 %).In contrast,SGS exhibited larger particles(31.75 μm),a nearly spherical shape,B-type,higher crystallinity(50.66 %),and greater amylose content(21.54 %),with superior thermal stability,shear resistance,and gelatinization enthalpy.SGS also contained higher resistant starch(83.28 %) and longer average chain length(20.58 %),but showed lower solubility,swelling power,light transmittance,and freeze-thaw stability.The physicochemical properties differences in crystal pattern and particle morphology between PMS and SGS lead to distinct behaviors during in vitro digestion and fermentation.These findings highlight the potential of medicinal plant starches in functional ingredients and industrial processes.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB025904)Zhengzhou Shengda University of Economics,Business and Management(SD-YB2025085)。
文摘Gauss radial basis functions(GRBF)are frequently employed in data fitting and machine learning.Their linear independence property can theoretically guarantee the avoidance of data redundancy.In this paper,one of the main contributions is proving this property using linear algebra instead of profound knowledge.This makes it easy to read and understand this fundamental fact.The proof of linear independence of a set of Gauss functions relies on the constructing method for one-dimensional space and on the deducing method for higher dimensions.Additionally,under the condition of preserving the same moments between the original function and interpolating function,both the interpolating existence and uniqueness are proven for GRBF in one-dimensional space.The final work demonstrates the application of the GRBF method to locate lunar olivine.By combining preprocessed data using GRBF with the removing envelope curve method,a program is created to find the position of lunar olivine based on spectrum data,and the numerical experiment shows that it is an effective scheme.
基金supported by CARS(CARS-21),the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2021-I2M-1-032)the Science and Technology Department of Xizang(XZ202401ZY0020)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province(2023YFH0044,2023YFH0018)the Sichuan Province Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars(2022JDJQ0006)the Doctoral Fund of Southwest University of Science and Technology(19ZX7117,21ZX7116).
文摘Saikosaponins are the major pharmacologically active components in Bupleurum genus and exhibit significant application potential in multiple fields such as immune regulation and anti-tumor activity.To elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of saikosaponins,we identified two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases,CYP716A41 and CYP716Y4,in Bupleurum chinense.These enzymes catalyze the C-28 oxidation and C-16 hydroxylation of oleanane-type triterpene skeletons,respectively.The catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 from a southern B.chinense variety was significantly higher than that from a northern variety.Molecular docking and mutagenesis experiments revealed that amino acid residues at sites 9 and 35 may contribute to this difference in catalytic efficiency.Additionally,under cold stress,the expression levels of both CYP450 genes and the saikosaponin contents in the leaves of southern varieties were significantly higher compared to those in northern varieties.The variation in the catalytic efficiency of CYP716A41 and the differential expression of the two CYP450 genes under cold stress during winter are associated with the differences in saikosaponin biosynthesis in the leaves of southern and northern B.chinense varieties.This is consistent with the distinct medicinal usage practices observed between southern and northern China.
基金supported in part by STI 2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0209200)in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62374099)+2 种基金in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation−Xiaomi Innovation Joint Fund(L233009)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L248104)in part by Independent Research Program of School of Integrated Circuits,Tsinghua University,in part by Tsinghua University Fuzhou Data Technology Joint Research Institute.
文摘In recent years,the rapid development of artificial intelligence has driven the widespread deployment of visual systems in complex environments such as autonomous driving,security surveillance,and medical diagnosis.However,existing image sensors—such as CMOS and CCD devices—intrinsically suffer from the limitation of fixed spectral response.Especially in environments with strong glare,haze,or dust,external spectral conditions often severely mismatch the device's design range,leading to significant degradation in image quality and a sharp drop in target recognition accuracy.While algorithmic post-processing(such as color bias correction or background suppression)can mitigate these issues,algorithm approaches typically introduce computational latency and increased energy consumption,making them unsuitable for edge computing or high-speed scenarios.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52402430,52572380)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.23ZR1466300).
文摘Runway surface roughness significantly influences aircraft vibrations during takeoff and landing,affecting both flight safety and pavement durability.Aircraft operate at high speeds and wide gear spans,making them sensitive to long-wavelength(15–120 m)and lateral irregularities,which are often overlooked in traditional roughness models.This study aims to construct a three-dimensional runway roughness modeling framework integrating"precise detection-spectrum analysis-spatial reconstruction"in response to this issue.Combining the elevation data of 37 runways(5 asphalt runways and 32 cement runways)measured by a vehicle-mounted laser profilometer and the BeiDou positioning system,the power spectrum analysis was carried out by the Burg method and the spectrum models of asphalt and cement runways were fitted respectively.Meanwhile,a new exponential lateral coherence function was proposed.Finally,the three-dimensional spatial model was reconstructed by using the transfer function and genetic algorithm.The results show that the error of the measured elevation data is less than 1 cm.The spectral characteristics of different pavement types are significantly different.Among them,the R^(2) of the asphalt runway fitted with the Sussman model is greater than 0.9.The cement runway needs to be characterized by a piecewise function to represent the spectral mutation.The fitting error of the new index's lateral coherence function has been reduced to 0.012.The reconstructed three-dimensional model is in good agreement with the theoretical value and the error does not exceed 0.18 mm^(2) m/c.Finally,a three-dimensional model of 0–20 m in the lateral direction and 3000 m in the longitudinal direction is generated,providing support for aircraft vibration simulation and pavement maintenance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82072165 and 82272256(both to XM)the Key Project of Xiangyang Central Hospital,No.2023YZ03(to RM)。
文摘Spinal cord injury represents a severe form of central nervous system trauma for which effective treatments remain limited.Microglia is the resident immune cells of the central nervous system,play a critical role in spinal cord injury.Previous studies have shown that microglia can promote neuronal survival by phagocytosing dead cells and debris and by releasing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory factors.However,excessive activation of microglia can lead to persistent inflammation and contribute to the formation of glial scars,which hinder axonal regeneration.Despite this,the precise role and mechanisms of microglia during the acute phase of spinal cord injury remain controversial and poorly understood.To elucidate the role of microglia in spinal cord injury,we employed the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622 to deplete microglia.We observed that sustained depletion of microglia resulted in an expansion of the lesion area,downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor,and impaired functional recovery after spinal cord injury.Next,we generated a transgenic mouse line with conditional overexpression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor specifically in microglia.We found that brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia increased angiogenesis and blood flow following spinal cord injury and facilitated the recovery of hindlimb motor function.Additionally,brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia reduced inflammation and neuronal apoptosis during the acute phase of spinal cord injury.Furthermore,through using specific transgenic mouse lines,TMEM119,and the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX73086,we demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects were predominantly due to brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia rather than macrophages.In conclusion,our findings suggest the critical role of microglia in the formation of protective glial scars.Depleting microglia is detrimental to recovery of spinal cord injury,whereas targeting brain-derived neurotrophic factor overexpression in microglia represents a promising and novel therapeutic strategy to enhance motor function recovery in patients with spinal cord injury.
文摘Nickel-catalyzed borylation of aryl nonaflates with B2pin2 could be realized,which proceeded effectively by means of C—O bond functionalization to afford a wide variety of valuable arylboronates in moderate to excellent yields with good functionality compatibility.In addition,the gram-scale synthesis and the application of the approach in the late-stage elaboration of aryl nonaflate derived from pterostilbene could also be achieved.
基金Supported in part by NSFC(Nos.12401011,12201214)National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1000700)+3 种基金Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(No.23JSQ053)Science and Technology Program for Youth New Star of Shaanxi Province(No.2025ZC-KJXX-29)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2025JC-YBQN-091)Scientific Research Foundation for Young Talents of WNU(No.2024XJ-QNRC-01)。
文摘Let K_(j)/Q,1≤j≤ν,ν≥2 be quadratic fields with pairwise coprime discriminants Dj,and let τ_(kj)^(K_(j))(n)be the divisor function associated to Dedekind zeta function SK_(j)(s).In this paper,we consider a multidimensional general divisor problem related to the τ_(kj)^(K_(j))(n)involving several number fields over square integers,by establishing the corresponding asymptotic formula.As an application,we also obtain the asymptotic formula of variance of these coefi icients.
基金supported by the “Light in China’s Western Region” program (2022-XBQNXZ012)by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12073067)
文摘Owing to its large aperture and advanced receivers,research plans for the Qitai 110 m radio telescope(QTT)include a variety of spectral line scientific studies.Sequential construction of receiver systems and multidisciplinary planning require overcoming serious challenges to spectral line digital backend development,notably to digitize,process,and transmit considerable quantities of observational data,to minimize time-to-science with an easily scalable architecture,and to provide robust,high-quality data.As a proof-of-concept for the QTT backend,here we implement a baseband spectral line digital backend with a SNAP+GPU architecture.The SNAP-based digital frontend comprises two digitization links(1000 MHz,8-bit),two parallel quad-channel preprocessing modules,a quantization module,and a finite-state packaging module,generating a 100-MHz bandwidth digital link from the original analog signal through high-speed Ethernet transmission.The GPU node receives preprocessed baseband packets,constructs a ring buffer for lossless unpacking and distributing,with real-time data reception and caching,and conducts real-time spectral analysis(frequency resolution:3.051 kHz)of the 100 MHz baseband data.We evaluated system performance experimentally using spectral line observations with the Nanshan 26-m radio telescope(NSRT).For the QTT,the SNAP digital frontend will be seamlessly migrated to a radio frequency system-on-chip(RFSoC)architecture,resulting in five-and tenfold increases in instantaneous bandwidth and data throughput,respectively.The low-coupling digital frontend and GPU node can be easily extended to multiple nodes.
基金supported by the NSFC(11561001)the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJYT18-A14)+4 种基金the NSF of Inner Mongolia(2022MS01004,2020MS01011)the Higher School Foundation of Inner Mongolia(NJZY20200)the Program for Key Laboratory Construction of Chifeng University(CFXYZD202004)the Research and Innovation Team of Complex Analysis and Nonlinear Dynamic Systems of Chifeng University(cfxykycxtd202005)the Youth Science Foundation of Chifeng University(cfxyqn202133).
文摘In recent years,researchers have extensively investigated the Hankel determinant,which consists of coefficients appearing in a holomorphic function’s Taylor-Maclaurin series.Hankel matrices are widely used in Markov processes,non-stationary signals,and other mathematical disciplines.The aim of the current research article is to first improve the bounds of coefficient-related problems by employing the well-known Carathéodory function.The problems that we are going to improve were obtained by Tang et al.The sharp estimates of the most difficult problem of geometric function theory known as the third-order Hankel determinant are also contributed here.Zalcman and Fekete-Szegöinequalities are also studied here for the defined family of holomorphic functions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11971418).
文摘In this paper,we offer a new construction of Stefan’s homological spectral sequence for Hopf Galois extensions,by using the double complex argument.Under the faithfully flat condition,a method for computation of Hochschild homology is given.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China[NO.11932013].
文摘This study aims to explore the impact of fatigue induced by different limb exercises on cerebral cortical oxygenation levels and functional connectivity strength using functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS).Fatigue was induced using an upper limb ergometer or a lower limb ergometer,with the load increasing gradually each minute.fNIRS covering the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex were used to collect data during the resting state,both before and after fatigue induction.A two-way ANOVA was conducted to examine differences in oxyhemoglobin(HbO_(2))and functional connectivity before and after fatigue induction in both groups,with the significance level set at 0.05.Exercise-induced fatigue in both the upper and lower limbs leads to a significant decrease in cerebral cortical oxygenation levels.Upper limb fatigue leads to a significant reduction in functional connectivity,there were significant decreases in connectivity within the motor cortex,between the motor cortex and frontal regions,and between the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and other frontal regions.Conversely,no significant changes were observed before and after lower limb fatigue.Future studies should focus on examining the extent to which how changes in the cerebral cortex,induced by exercise fatigue,are linked to exercise-and/or performance-related outcomes.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82374292the Plans for Major Provincial Science and Technology Projects of Anhui Province,No.202303a07020003the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,No.ZYYCXTD-C-202401.
文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),including irritable bowel syndrome(IBS),functional dyspepsia(FD),and gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD),present persistent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to symptom heterogeneity and the absence of reliable biomarkers.Artificial intelligence(AI)enables the integration of multimodal data to enhance FGID management through precision diagnostics and preventive healthcare.This minireview summarizes recent advancements in AI applications for FGIDs,highlighting progress in diagnostic accuracy,subtype classification,personalized interventions,and preventive strategies inspired by the traditional Chinese medicine concept of“treating the undiseased”.Machine learning and deep learning algorithms have demonstrated value in improving IBS diagnosis,refining FD neuro-gastrointestinal subtyping,and screening for GERD-related complications.Moreover,AI supports dietary,psychological,and integrative medicine-based interventions to improve patient adherence and quality of life.Nonetheless,key challenges remain,including data heterogeneity,limited model interpretability,and the need for robust clinical validation.Future directions emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration,the development of multimodal and explainable AI models,and the creation of patientcentered platforms to facilitate a shift from reactive treatment to proactive prevention.This review provides a systematic framework to guide the clinical application and theoretical innovation of AI in FGIDs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12422207 and 12372199).
文摘An efficient data-driven numerical framework is developed for transient heat conduction analysis in thin-walled structures.The proposed approach integrates spectral time discretization with neural network approximation,forming a spectral-integrated neural network(SINN)scheme tailored for problems characterized by long-time evolution.Temporal derivatives are treated through a spectral integration strategy based on orthogonal polynomial expansions,which significantly alleviates stability constraints associated with conventional time-marching schemes.A fully connected neural network is employed to approximate the temperature-related variables,while governing equa-tions and boundary conditions are enforced through a physics-informed loss formulation.Numerical investigations demonstrate that the proposed method maintains high accuracy even when large time steps are adopted,where standard numerical solvers often suffer from instability or excessive computational cost.Moreover,the framework exhibits strong robustness for ultrathin configurations with extreme aspect ratios,achieving relative errors on the order of 10−5 or lower.These results indicate that the SINN framework provides a reliable and efficient alternative for transient thermal analysis of thin-walled structures under challenging computational conditions.
