The dockless bike-sharing system has rapidly expanded worldwide and has been widely used as an intermodal transport to connect with public transportation.However,higher flexibility may cause an imbalance between suppl...The dockless bike-sharing system has rapidly expanded worldwide and has been widely used as an intermodal transport to connect with public transportation.However,higher flexibility may cause an imbalance between supply and demand during daily operation,especially around the metro stations.A stable and efficient rebalancing model requires spatio-temporal usage patterns as fundamental inputs.Therefore,understanding the spatio-temporal patterns and correlates is important for optimizing and rescheduling bike-sharing systems.This study proposed a dynamic time warping distance-based two-dimensional clustering method to quantify spatio-temporal patterns of dockless shared bikes in Wuhan and further applied the multiclass explainable boosting machine to explore the main related factors of these patterns.The results found six patterns on weekdays and four patterns on weekends.Three patterns show the imbalance of arrival and departure flow in the morning and evening peak hours,while these phenomena become less intensive on weekends.Road density,living service facility density and residential density are the top influencing factors on both weekdays and weekends,which means that the comprehensive impact of built-up environment attraction,facility suitability and riding demand leads to the different usage patterns.The nonlinear influence universally exists,and the probability of a certain pattern varies in different value ranges of variables.When the densities of living facilities and roads are moderate and the relationship between job and housing is relatively balanced,it can effectively promote the balanced usage of dockless shared bikes while maintaining high riding flow.The spatio-temporal patterns can identify the associated problems such as imbalance or lack of users,which could be mitigated by corresponding solutions.The relative importance and nonlinear effects help planners prioritize strategies and identify effective ranges on different patterns to promote the usage and efficiency of the bike-sharing system.展开更多
Drought, which is one of the most frequently occurring severe hazards with long time scales and cov- ering wide geographical areas, is a natural phenomenon resulting in significant economic losses in agriculture and i...Drought, which is one of the most frequently occurring severe hazards with long time scales and cov- ering wide geographical areas, is a natural phenomenon resulting in significant economic losses in agriculture and industry. Drought is caused by an imbalance between the inputs of and the demand for water which is insufficient to meet the demands of human activities and the eco-environment. As a major arid and semi-arid area and an important agricultural region in Northwest China, North Xinjiang （NX） shows great vulnerability to drought. In this paper, the characteristics of inter-annual and seasonal drought were analyzed in terms of drought occurrence and drought coverage, by using the composite index of meteorological drought and the data of daily precipitation, air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and sunshine duration from 38 meteorological stations during the period 1961-2012. Trend analysis, wavelet analysis and empirical orthogonal function were also applied to investigate change trend, period and regional characteristics, respectively. In NX, annual and seasonal drought occurrence and drought coverage all showed a decreasing trend that was most significant in winter （with rates of-0.26 month/10a and -15.46%, respectively）, and drought occurrence in spring and summer were more frequent than that in autumn and winter. Spatially, drought was severe in eastern regions but mild in western regions of NX. Annual and seasonal drought occurrence at 38 meteorological stations displayed decreasing trends and were most significant in ＂Shi- hezi-Urumqi-Changji＂, which can help to alleviate severe drought hazards for local agricultural production and improve human livelihood. NX can be approximately classified into three sub-regions （severe drought region, moder- ate drought region and mild drought region）, which were calculated from annual drought frequencies. The cross wavelet transform suggested that SOl （Southern Oscillation Index）, AOI （Arctic Oscillation Index）, AAOI （Antarctic Oscillation Index）, PAOI （Pacific/North American Oscillation Index） and NAOI （North Atlantic Oscillation Index） have significant correlation with the variation of drought occurrence in NX. To prevent and mitigate the occurrence of drought disasters in NX, agricultural and government managers should pay more attention to those drought events that occur in spring and summer.展开更多
Based on TM image data and other survey materials, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of land use change in the Bohai Rim during 1985-2005. The findings of this study are summarized as follows： （1） Lan...Based on TM image data and other survey materials, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of land use change in the Bohai Rim during 1985-2005. The findings of this study are summarized as follows： （1） Land use pattern changed dramatically during 1985-2005. Industrial and residential land in urban and rural areas increased by 643,946 hm2 of which urban construction land had the largest and fastest increase of 294,953 hm2 at an annual rate of 3.72%. （2） The outward migration of rural population did not prevent the expansion of residential land in rural areas by 184,869 hm2. This increase reveals that construction of rural residences makes seriously wasteful and inefficient use of land. （3） Arable land, woodland and grassland decreased at a rate of -0.02%, -0.12% and -1.32% annually, while unused land shrank by 157,444 hm^2 at an annual rate of -1.69%. （4） The change of land use types showed marked fluctuations over the two stages （1985-1995 and 1995-2005） In particular, arable land, woodland and unused land experienced an inversed trend of change. （5） There was a significant interaction between arable land and woodland, industrial construction land in urban and rural areas showed a net trend of increase during the earlier period, but only adjustment to its internal structure during the second period. The loss of arable land to the construction of factories, mines and residences took place mainly in the fringe areas of large and medium-sized cities, along the routes of major roads, as well as in the economically developed coastal areas in the east. Such changes are closely related to the spatial differentiation of the level of urbanization and industrialization in the region.展开更多
In this study,we employed a number of geospatial techniques to examine the spatiotemporal patterns and changes of environmental attitudes and place attachment values in the Gauteng province of South Africa.The data we...In this study,we employed a number of geospatial techniques to examine the spatiotemporal patterns and changes of environmental attitudes and place attachment values in the Gauteng province of South Africa.The data were obtained from the Gauteng City Region Observatory’s Quality of Life Survey collected at three separate points in time,namely 2013,2015,and 2017.Results indicated that wards(smallest administrative and analysis units)located on the urban periphery of Gauteng,which are generally less affluent,largely held more negative environmental attitudes and place attachment values during the three time periods.In contrast,centrally located wards,which are generally more affluent,expressed more positive environmental attitudes but less place attachment values,especially in 2017.The findings of this research not only highlight the complex spatio-temporal distribution of environmental attitudes and place attachment values throughout Gauteng but also empha-size the need for spatially targeted state interventions for future environmental planning within the province.展开更多
Spatio-temporal patterns of drought from 1961 to 2013 over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region of China were analyzed using the Palmer Drought Severity index(PDSI) based on 21 meteorological stations. Overall, chang...Spatio-temporal patterns of drought from 1961 to 2013 over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region of China were analyzed using the Palmer Drought Severity index(PDSI) based on 21 meteorological stations. Overall, changes in the mean-state of drought detected in recent decades were due to decreases in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. The Empirical Orthogonal Functions(EOF) method was used to decompose drought into spatio-temporal patterns, and the first two EOF modes were analyzed. According to the first leading EOF mode(48.5%), the temporal variability(Principal Components, PC1) was highly positively correlated with annual series of PDSI(r=+0.99). The variance decomposition method was further applied to explain the inter-decadal temporal and spatial variations of drought relative to the total variation. We find that 90% of total variance was explained by time variance, and both total and time variance dramatically decreased from 1982 to 2013. The total variance was consistent with extreme climate events at the inter-decadal scale(r=0.71, p<0.01). Comparing the influence of climate change on the annual drought in two different long-term periods characterized by dramatic global warming(P1: 1961–1989 and P2: 1990–2013), we find that temperature sensitivity in the P2 was three times more than that in the P1.展开更多
Exploring the spatio-temporal variations of farmland landscape patterns in a traditional agricultural region can provide scientific support for decision-making on sustainable rural land use and rural vitalization deve...Exploring the spatio-temporal variations of farmland landscape patterns in a traditional agricultural region can provide scientific support for decision-making on sustainable rural land use and rural vitalization development. This study established a comprehensive evaluation index for farmland fragmentation with multiple aspects(dominance, integrity, aggregation, regularity, and connectivity) at the county scale. The goal was to identify the evolution of farmland fragmentation in the traditional agricultural region of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain during 2000–2015 and investigate underlying drivers using panel data of 359 counties.Results showed an accelerating but fluctuating fragmentation pattern of the farmland landscape. The indexes of dominance, integrity, and aggregation of farmland decreased most sharply, while the index of connectivity increased. Furthermore, the evolution of the farmland fragmentation pattern showed significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity, which is similar to the trajectory of urbanization and land use transition. Farmland fragmentation in municipal districts also emerged earlier and was more severe than in county-level cities and counties.Factors influenced by advancing urbanization include the proportion of artificial land, population density, and proportion of primary industry;these factors drove the evolution of farmland fragmentation. In contrast, the increase in income of rural residents and production efficiency of farmland were the key factors contributing to the improvement in farmland connectivity.展开更多
Objective This study investigated the epidemic characteristics and spatio-temporal dynamics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Qingdao City,China.Methods Information was collected on HFRS cases in Qingda...Objective This study investigated the epidemic characteristics and spatio-temporal dynamics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Qingdao City,China.Methods Information was collected on HFRS cases in Qingdao City from 2010 to 2022.Descriptive epidemiologic,seasonal decomposition,spatial autocorrelation,and spatio-temporal cluster analyses were performed.Results A total of 2,220 patients with HFRS were reported over the study period,with an average annual incidence of 1.89/100,000 and a case fatality rate of 2.52%.The male:female ratio was 2.8:1.75.3%of patients were aged between 16 and 60 years old,75.3%of patients were farmers,and 11.6%had both“three red”and“three pain”symptoms.The HFRS epidemic showed two-peak seasonality:the primary fall-winter peak and the minor spring peak.The HFRS epidemic presented highly spatially heterogeneous,street/township-level hot spots that were mostly distributed in Huangdao,Pingdu,and Jiaozhou.The spatio-temporal cluster analysis revealed three cluster areas in Qingdao City that were located in the south of Huangdao District during the fall-winter peak.Conclusion The distribution of HFRS in Qingdao exhibited periodic,seasonal,and regional characteristics,with high spatial clustering heterogeneity.The typical symptoms of“three red”and“three pain”in patients with HFRS were not obvious.展开更多
Nowadays, wildlife road mortality is acknowledged as a main source of threatening long-term survival of wildlife. This paper as the first to analysis wild life vehicle collisions in Iran, aims to reconstruct and inter...Nowadays, wildlife road mortality is acknowledged as a main source of threatening long-term survival of wildlife. This paper as the first to analysis wild life vehicle collisions in Iran, aims to reconstruct and interpret the spatio-temporal patterns of WVCs on Asiaei highway in Golestan National Park (GNP). With the collaboration of environmental protection department of GNP, we identified about 1900 WVC Records involving 34 different species of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians between 2004 and 2013. Mammals were involved in more than 50% of overall WVCs, among which wild boar (Sus scrofa), Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor), stone marten (Martes foina) and porcupine (Hystrix indica) were involved in more than 90% of mammals’ mortalities;So, we focused on analyzing spatio-temporal pattern of vehicle collisions of these six mammal species. During the study period, these species have undergone 95% increase in road mortalities, averagely. Detailed temporal analyses exhibited an increasing trend of road mortalities from spring to summer and then a reducing one to late winter. It was shown that a large number of collisions occurred in holiday periods when recreational trips considerably increased the traffic volume of Asiaei highway. Preliminary inspection of spatial patterns using Kernel density analysis revealed six collision hotspots, mostly located in the road bends with densely forested land cover on both sides;the promenades along the road seemed to play a significant role too. Scale dependency analyses of collision patterns, demonstrated clustering pattern at micro scales less than 10 km, randomness at meso scales 10 - 20 km and both regularity and clustering at macro scales more than 20 km. This paper suggests that road mortality of common species in GNP is a momentous issue, which needs to be considered by relevant governmental and public organizations. We also emphasize that the analyses of spatial and temporal patterns of WVCs are fundamentals to plan for mitigate wildlife road mortality.展开更多
Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio ac...Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio active compounds) remain poorly understood,limiting their therapeutic application.This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of spatiotemporal dynamics in airborne phytoncides and their synergistic interactions with environmental factors throughout the autumn-early spring seasonal transition in a temperate forest ecosystem.We analyzed the compositional dynamics of phytoncides and terpenoid content variations using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GC-MS) from September 2024 to March 2025.This period encompassed seasonal transitions from autumn to early spring,including diurnal variations in September and snowfall events in November.The method demonstrated detection limits(LODs) ranging from 1.35 to 5.33 ng m-3 and quantification limits(LOQs) from 4.09 to 16.15 ng m-3.Our results revealed pronounced seasonal fluctuations in phytoncide composition.In September,terpenoids,esters,alcohols,and alkanes displayed a diurnal "decrease-increase" trend,whereas aldehydes and ketones peaked at midday.Notably,esters and alcohols were undetectable in November and January.By January,terpenoids reached their lowest proportion(0.17±0.02%) at noon.Five terpenoids(α-pinene,myrcene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) were detected in September,four(α-pinene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) in November,two(D-limonene,p-cymene) in January,and only p-cymene in March.The total concentration and emission rate of the five terpenoids peaked in September afternoons at 1961.58±106.67 ng m^(-3) and653.86±35.56 ng m^(-3) h^(-1),respectively.Nocturnal emissions(32131.95±2522.21 ng m^(-3)) significantly surpassed daytime levels(14473.04±958.49 ng m^(-3)),with emission rates escalating from 1447.30±95.85 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(day) to 5355.33±420.37 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(night),marking a3.7-fold increase.Snowfall dramatically elevated terpenoid concentrations(pre-snowfall:158.58±14.12 ng m^(-3);post-snowfall:1080.57±57.76 ng m^(-3)) and emission rates(pre-snowfall:52.86±4.71 ng m^(-3) h^(-1);post-snowfall:360.19±19.25 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)),reflecting a 6.8-fold surge.This study underscores the profound influence of light intensity,seasonal shifts,and climatic conditions on airborne phytoncide levels,offering a scientific foundation for optimizing forest therapy and ecotourism strategies.展开更多
Under the influence of human activities,landscape fragmentation in the Wei River Basin(WRB)has become increasingly severe.Upstream development has intensified soil erosion,and industrial and agricultural pollution in ...Under the influence of human activities,landscape fragmentation in the Wei River Basin(WRB)has become increasingly severe.Upstream development has intensified soil erosion,and industrial and agricultural pollution in the middle reaches has degraded water quality.Rapid urbanization has further caused habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss.Collectively,these challenges threaten human well-being and hinder sustainable development,making the construction and optimization of an ecological security pattern(ESP)urgently necessary.However,existing studies often fail to systematically integrate future landscape ecological risk(LER)assessment with ESP optimization.This study evaluated regional LER using the“ecological patches-ecological resistance surface(ERS)-ecological corridor”framework,combined with land-use predictions under three development scenarios,and optimized the ESP by adjusting the ERS and extracting ecological corridors.The results indicate that the LER in the WRB follows an“inverted N”distribution,with low-risk areas concentrated in forested mountain regions and high-risk areas mainly in cultivated land subject to intensive human activity.Across future scenarios,ESPs showed fewer ecological breakpoints and improved landscape connectivity than the 2020 baseline.Scenario-based differences emerged in the spatial configuration of ERS adjustments,with the ecological protection scenario yielding the lowest LER and most favorable ESP.This study demonstrates the deep integration of multi-scenario simulation with LER assessment,providing a new framework for ESP optimization.The findings have guiding significance for ecological protection and coordinated development in the WRB and offer a novel paradigm for sustainable development in ecologically fragile basins worldwide.展开更多
Understanding the impacts of human activities on the plateau’s living environment is essential for advancing modernization pathways that promote harmony between humanity and nature.However,studies on the dynamic inte...Understanding the impacts of human activities on the plateau’s living environment is essential for advancing modernization pathways that promote harmony between humanity and nature.However,studies on the dynamic interactions between human activities and the living environment on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP)remain limited,with a paucity of quantitative relationship analyses.This study established an assessment framework to evaluate human influences on the living environment in QXP,using data on typical human activities,ecological conditions,and human settlements.Within this framework,the spatial analysis methods and the coupling coordination model were used to examine the spatio-temporal characteristics and relationship of human activities and living environment on the QXP from 2000 to 2020.The geographical detector model was then applied to identify the key factors influencing the plateau’s human living environment.Subsequently,the four-quadrant analysis model was adopted to assess human influences on the living environment.The results indicate that the human activity intensity(HAI)on the QXP remained relatively low yet increased by 15.41%from 2000 to 2020.Spatially,the human living environment quality(LEQ)improved from northwest to southeast,with 61.14%of the areas remaining stable and 18.47%experiencing slight improvement.The analysis of coupling coordination revealed a continuous improvement between the HAI and LEQ,with the areas of high and relatively high coordinated types increasing by more than 9%.Precipitation and urban-rural construction were identified as the primary factors influencing changes in the LEQ.The interaction between the HAI and LEQ was strengthening,with 40.44%classified as coordinated development type and 38.35%as development-environment conflict type.These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing the resilience of human settlements and promoting green development across the plateau.展开更多
Traffic flow prediction constitutes a fundamental component of Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS),playing a pivotal role in mitigating congestion,enhancing route optimization,and improving the utilization efficie...Traffic flow prediction constitutes a fundamental component of Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS),playing a pivotal role in mitigating congestion,enhancing route optimization,and improving the utilization efficiency of roadway infrastructure.However,existingmethods struggle in complex traffic scenarios due to static spatio-temporal embedding,restricted multi-scale temporal modeling,and weak representation of local spatial interactions.This study proposes Bi-STAT+,an enhanced bidirectional spatio-temporal attention framework to address existing limitations through three principal contributions:(1)an adaptive spatio-temporal embedding module that dynamically adjusts embeddings to capture complex traffic variations;(2)frequency-domain analysis in the temporal dimension for simultaneous high-frequency details and low-frequency trend extraction;and(3)an agent attention mechanism in the spatial dimension that enhances local feature extraction through dynamic weight allocation.Extensive experiments were performed on four distinct datasets,including two publicly benchmark datasets(PEMS04 and PEMS08)and two private datasets collected from Baotou and Chengdu,China.The results demonstrate that Bi-STAT+consistently outperforms existing methods in terms of MAE,RMSE,and MAPE,while maintaining strong robustness against missing data and noise.Furthermore,the results highlight that prediction accuracy improves significantly with higher sampling rates,providing crucial insights for optimizing real-world deployment scenarios.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a holistic medical system that classifies and treats diseases based on the concept of patterns.These patterns describe the pathophysiological process of a disease at a specific stag...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a holistic medical system that classifies and treats diseases based on the concept of patterns.These patterns describe the pathophysiological process of a disease at a specific stage,reflecting both external signs and internal features.TCM patterns are central to pattern differentiation,treatment,clinical practice,and theoretical development in TCM.However,scientific explanation of TCM patterns remains limited because of subjective diagnostic criteria,the absence of a standardized experimental medical system,and unclear biological mechanisms,which restrict the modernization and globalization of TCM.Addressing challenges such as strong subjectivity in diagnosis,lack of standardized experimental systems,and unclear biological mechanisms is necessary to clarify the scientific meaning of TCM patterns and to provide technical approaches for the modernization and globalization of TCM.A strategy focused on“pathogenic factors,genetic predisposition,and disease progression stages”was adopted.This approach included the following:(Ⅰ)constructing disease-pattern integrated biological models with animal models,organoids,and multi-organ chips;(Ⅱ)applying multi-omics technologies,such as spatial omics,single-cell omics,and dynamic metabolic flux omics;(Ⅲ)using artificial intelligence(AI)and big data for data integration and prediction of pattern evolution;and(Ⅳ)validating formula–pattern associations through the“pattern differentiation through formula efficacy”approach.These strategies directly address the main obstacles in TCM pattern research by providing objective,quantifiable,and reproducible methodologies.Constructing disease-pattern integrated models enabled cross-scale research platforms.Applying multi-omics technologies allowed analysis of complex biological bases.AI and big data approaches addressed challenges related to heterogeneous data.The“formula-based pattern differentiation”approach supported precise interventions and the development of new drugs.This interdisciplinary framework advances TCM pattern research by moving from empirical description to objective quantification.By integrating innovative approaches,the study establishes a foundation for systematic,evidence-based TCM diagnosis and treatment,supporting accuracy and promoting international recognition and modernization of TCM.The study shows that combining multi-omics technologies,AI-driven data analysis,and disease-pattern models enables objective quantification of TCM patterns and clarifies their biological mechanisms.展开更多
The pseudo-two-dimensional(P2D)model plays an important role in exploring physicochemical mechanisms,predicting the state of health,and improving the fast charge capability for Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the fast ...The pseudo-two-dimensional(P2D)model plays an important role in exploring physicochemical mechanisms,predicting the state of health,and improving the fast charge capability for Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the fast charge leads to the lithium concentration gradient in the solid and electrolyte phases and the non-uniform electrochemical reaction at the solid/electrolyte interface.In order to decouple charge transfer reactions in LIBs under dynamic conditions,understanding the spatio-temporal resolution of the P2D model is urgently required.Till now,the study of this aspect is still insufficient.This work studies the spatio-temporal resolution for dynamic/static electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(DEIS/SEIS)on multiple scales.In detail,DEIS and SEIS with spatio-temporal resolutions are used to decouple charge transfer reactions in LIBs based on the numerical solution of the P2D model in the frequency domain.The calculated results indicate that decoupling solid diffusion requires a high spatial resolution along the r-direction in particles,decoupling electrolyte diffusion and interfacial transfer reaction requires a high spatial resolution along the x-direction,and decoupling charge transfer reactions in LIBs at an extremely low state of charge(SOC)requires an extremely high temporal resolution along the t-direction.Finally,the optimal range of spatio-temporal resolutions for DEIS/SEIS is derived,and the method to decouple charge transfer reactions with spatio-temporal resolutions is developed.展开更多
Dear Editor,Understanding patterns of species diversity is a primary research focus in macroecology,with its distribution patterns having been described and theoretically validated on a global scale(Peters et al.,2016...Dear Editor,Understanding patterns of species diversity is a primary research focus in macroecology,with its distribution patterns having been described and theoretically validated on a global scale(Peters et al.,2016;Sonne et al.,2025).Numerous studies have found that species richness of different taxa tends to decrease with increasing elevation and is modulated by latitudinal gradients(Peters et al.,2016;Dolson et al.,2024).This principle provides a crucial scientific basis for regional conservation planning.However,it still exhibits significant variations across different mountain ranges and taxa.展开更多
Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 s...Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.展开更多
A design idea for single-component metamaterial plates is proposed to achieve the thermal stability of flexural wave bandgap by the perforated and pre-curved patterns.The band structure analysis suggests that perforat...A design idea for single-component metamaterial plates is proposed to achieve the thermal stability of flexural wave bandgap by the perforated and pre-curved patterns.The band structure analysis suggests that perforation can release part of the in-plane thermal expansion to weaken the softening effect of thermal stress.Introducing precurved components to the perforated structure will stop the decrement of the bandgap frequency in thermal environment,and even make the frequency higher with appropriate structural parameters.The bending stiffness of the heated plate is enhanced by the thermal deflection induced stiffening effect of the pre-curved components.The segmented pre-curved component presents a strong ability to resist the thermal influence on the flexural wave bandgap.A simplified model is established for the local structure of the precurved component.The theoretical calculations explain the thermally induced frequency increment of the bandgap and the discrepancy in the thermal response between the two pre-curved models.The transmittance of flexural wave validates the effectiveness of the proposed design.展开更多
This study proposes a novel forecasting framework that simultaneously captures the strong periodicity and irregular meteorological fluctuations inherent in solar radiation time series.Existing approaches typically def...This study proposes a novel forecasting framework that simultaneously captures the strong periodicity and irregular meteorological fluctuations inherent in solar radiation time series.Existing approaches typically define inter-regional correlations using either simple correlation coefficients or distance-based measures when applying spatio-temporal graph neural networks(STGNNs).However,such definitions are prone to generating spurious correlations due to the dominance of periodic structures.To address this limitation,we adopt the Elastic-Band Transform(EBT)to decompose solar radiation into periodic and amplitude-modulated components,which are then modeled independently with separate graph neural networks.The periodic component,characterized by strong nationwide correlations,is learned with a relatively simple architecture,whereas the amplitude-modulated component is modeled with more complex STGNNs that capture climatological similarities between regions.The predictions from the two components are subsequently recombined to yield final forecasts that integrate both periodic patterns and aperiodic variability.The proposed framework is validated with multiple STGNN architectures,and experimental results demonstrate improved predictive accuracy and interpretability compared to conventional methods.展开更多
The Qaidam Basin,a typical alpine arid inland basin on the northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China,hosts wetland ecosystems that are strongly constrained by topography and extreme climate.These ecosystems exhibit pronou...The Qaidam Basin,a typical alpine arid inland basin on the northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China,hosts wetland ecosystems that are strongly constrained by topography and extreme climate.These ecosystems exhibit pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity and fragmented distribution patterns,rendering them highly sensitive to environmental change.This study integrated Sentinel-2 remote sensing imagery with the SedInConnect model to delineate wetland patch distributions and calculate the Index of Connectivity(IC)values across the basin.Based on IC values,we stratified field sampling sites into high-,moderate-,and lowconnectivity gradient groups to analyze the relationships among plant community characteristics,vegetation spatial patterns,and wetland connectivity in the Qaidam Basin.Partial Least Squares Path Modeling(PLSPM)was further employed to quantify the driving mechanisms underlying wetland vegetation characteristics.The results revealed that wetland connectivity across the basin was generally low,with IC values up to 1.32 and displaying a west-to-east decreasing gradient.The west and northwest were characterized by relatively continuous high-connectivity wetland networks,while fragmented and low-connectivity wetlands predominated in the east and southeast.Connectivity regulated wetland vegetation patterns primarily by affecting patch size,fragmentation,and internal adjacency.High-connectivity areas had higher class area(CA),largest patch index(LPI),and area-weighted mean patch size(AREA_AM)than low-connectivity areas.Connectivity had the strongest effect on vegetation coverage,which declined sharply from 87.577%in highconnectivity areas to 12.152%in low-connectivity areas.Meanwhile,species diversity showed a moderately negative response to connectivity changes,whereas species evenness remained relatively unaffected.PLS-PM explained 78.300%and 67.500%of the variance in vegetation community and vegetation pattern,respectively.Climate played a dominant role in shaping vegetation characteristics,with significant negative effects on both vegetation community and pattern.Topography influenced vegetation indirectly through climate,and connectivity was influenced by both drivers and exerted positive effects on vegetation community and pattern.This study reveals the multi-pathway driving mechanisms underlying vegetation pattern formation in alpine wetlands,providing a theoretical foundation and decision-support framework for the scientific conservation and adaptive management of wetlands in the Qaidam Basin.展开更多
BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Resear...BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2017YFB0503601]。
文摘The dockless bike-sharing system has rapidly expanded worldwide and has been widely used as an intermodal transport to connect with public transportation.However,higher flexibility may cause an imbalance between supply and demand during daily operation,especially around the metro stations.A stable and efficient rebalancing model requires spatio-temporal usage patterns as fundamental inputs.Therefore,understanding the spatio-temporal patterns and correlates is important for optimizing and rescheduling bike-sharing systems.This study proposed a dynamic time warping distance-based two-dimensional clustering method to quantify spatio-temporal patterns of dockless shared bikes in Wuhan and further applied the multiclass explainable boosting machine to explore the main related factors of these patterns.The results found six patterns on weekdays and four patterns on weekends.Three patterns show the imbalance of arrival and departure flow in the morning and evening peak hours,while these phenomena become less intensive on weekends.Road density,living service facility density and residential density are the top influencing factors on both weekdays and weekends,which means that the comprehensive impact of built-up environment attraction,facility suitability and riding demand leads to the different usage patterns.The nonlinear influence universally exists,and the probability of a certain pattern varies in different value ranges of variables.When the densities of living facilities and roads are moderate and the relationship between job and housing is relatively balanced,it can effectively promote the balanced usage of dockless shared bikes while maintaining high riding flow.The spatio-temporal patterns can identify the associated problems such as imbalance or lack of users,which could be mitigated by corresponding solutions.The relative importance and nonlinear effects help planners prioritize strategies and identify effective ranges on different patterns to promote the usage and efficiency of the bike-sharing system.
基金supported by International Science & Technology Cooperation Program of China (2010DFA92720)the Scientific Innovation Research Project for Graduate Students of XinjiangSoil Science Key Discipline Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
文摘Drought, which is one of the most frequently occurring severe hazards with long time scales and cov- ering wide geographical areas, is a natural phenomenon resulting in significant economic losses in agriculture and industry. Drought is caused by an imbalance between the inputs of and the demand for water which is insufficient to meet the demands of human activities and the eco-environment. As a major arid and semi-arid area and an important agricultural region in Northwest China, North Xinjiang （NX） shows great vulnerability to drought. In this paper, the characteristics of inter-annual and seasonal drought were analyzed in terms of drought occurrence and drought coverage, by using the composite index of meteorological drought and the data of daily precipitation, air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and sunshine duration from 38 meteorological stations during the period 1961-2012. Trend analysis, wavelet analysis and empirical orthogonal function were also applied to investigate change trend, period and regional characteristics, respectively. In NX, annual and seasonal drought occurrence and drought coverage all showed a decreasing trend that was most significant in winter （with rates of-0.26 month/10a and -15.46%, respectively）, and drought occurrence in spring and summer were more frequent than that in autumn and winter. Spatially, drought was severe in eastern regions but mild in western regions of NX. Annual and seasonal drought occurrence at 38 meteorological stations displayed decreasing trends and were most significant in ＂Shi- hezi-Urumqi-Changji＂, which can help to alleviate severe drought hazards for local agricultural production and improve human livelihood. NX can be approximately classified into three sub-regions （severe drought region, moder- ate drought region and mild drought region）, which were calculated from annual drought frequencies. The cross wavelet transform suggested that SOl （Southern Oscillation Index）, AOI （Arctic Oscillation Index）, AAOI （Antarctic Oscillation Index）, PAOI （Pacific/North American Oscillation Index） and NAOI （North Atlantic Oscillation Index） have significant correlation with the variation of drought occurrence in NX. To prevent and mitigate the occurrence of drought disasters in NX, agricultural and government managers should pay more attention to those drought events that occur in spring and summer.
基金Non-profit Research Foundation for Agriculture, No.200803036National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40635029
文摘Based on TM image data and other survey materials, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of land use change in the Bohai Rim during 1985-2005. The findings of this study are summarized as follows： （1） Land use pattern changed dramatically during 1985-2005. Industrial and residential land in urban and rural areas increased by 643,946 hm2 of which urban construction land had the largest and fastest increase of 294,953 hm2 at an annual rate of 3.72%. （2） The outward migration of rural population did not prevent the expansion of residential land in rural areas by 184,869 hm2. This increase reveals that construction of rural residences makes seriously wasteful and inefficient use of land. （3） Arable land, woodland and grassland decreased at a rate of -0.02%, -0.12% and -1.32% annually, while unused land shrank by 157,444 hm^2 at an annual rate of -1.69%. （4） The change of land use types showed marked fluctuations over the two stages （1985-1995 and 1995-2005） In particular, arable land, woodland and unused land experienced an inversed trend of change. （5） There was a significant interaction between arable land and woodland, industrial construction land in urban and rural areas showed a net trend of increase during the earlier period, but only adjustment to its internal structure during the second period. The loss of arable land to the construction of factories, mines and residences took place mainly in the fringe areas of large and medium-sized cities, along the routes of major roads, as well as in the economically developed coastal areas in the east. Such changes are closely related to the spatial differentiation of the level of urbanization and industrialization in the region.
文摘In this study,we employed a number of geospatial techniques to examine the spatiotemporal patterns and changes of environmental attitudes and place attachment values in the Gauteng province of South Africa.The data were obtained from the Gauteng City Region Observatory’s Quality of Life Survey collected at three separate points in time,namely 2013,2015,and 2017.Results indicated that wards(smallest administrative and analysis units)located on the urban periphery of Gauteng,which are generally less affluent,largely held more negative environmental attitudes and place attachment values during the three time periods.In contrast,centrally located wards,which are generally more affluent,expressed more positive environmental attitudes but less place attachment values,especially in 2017.The findings of this research not only highlight the complex spatio-temporal distribution of environmental attitudes and place attachment values throughout Gauteng but also empha-size the need for spatially targeted state interventions for future environmental planning within the province.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2016YFC0401401,No.2016YFA0602402Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,No.ZDRW-ZS-2017-3-1+1 种基金The Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Pioneer Hundred Talents ProgramNational Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41601035
文摘Spatio-temporal patterns of drought from 1961 to 2013 over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region of China were analyzed using the Palmer Drought Severity index(PDSI) based on 21 meteorological stations. Overall, changes in the mean-state of drought detected in recent decades were due to decreases in precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. The Empirical Orthogonal Functions(EOF) method was used to decompose drought into spatio-temporal patterns, and the first two EOF modes were analyzed. According to the first leading EOF mode(48.5%), the temporal variability(Principal Components, PC1) was highly positively correlated with annual series of PDSI(r=+0.99). The variance decomposition method was further applied to explain the inter-decadal temporal and spatial variations of drought relative to the total variation. We find that 90% of total variance was explained by time variance, and both total and time variance dramatically decreased from 1982 to 2013. The total variance was consistent with extreme climate events at the inter-decadal scale(r=0.71, p<0.01). Comparing the influence of climate change on the annual drought in two different long-term periods characterized by dramatic global warming(P1: 1961–1989 and P2: 1990–2013), we find that temperature sensitivity in the P2 was three times more than that in the P1.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41731286, No.41971216Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,No.2018GXNSFDA281032+1 种基金Program of Science and Technology Plan of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,No.AD19110158The Bagui Scholars Program of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region。
文摘Exploring the spatio-temporal variations of farmland landscape patterns in a traditional agricultural region can provide scientific support for decision-making on sustainable rural land use and rural vitalization development. This study established a comprehensive evaluation index for farmland fragmentation with multiple aspects(dominance, integrity, aggregation, regularity, and connectivity) at the county scale. The goal was to identify the evolution of farmland fragmentation in the traditional agricultural region of the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain during 2000–2015 and investigate underlying drivers using panel data of 359 counties.Results showed an accelerating but fluctuating fragmentation pattern of the farmland landscape. The indexes of dominance, integrity, and aggregation of farmland decreased most sharply, while the index of connectivity increased. Furthermore, the evolution of the farmland fragmentation pattern showed significant spatio-temporal heterogeneity, which is similar to the trajectory of urbanization and land use transition. Farmland fragmentation in municipal districts also emerged earlier and was more severe than in county-level cities and counties.Factors influenced by advancing urbanization include the proportion of artificial land, population density, and proportion of primary industry;these factors drove the evolution of farmland fragmentation. In contrast, the increase in income of rural residents and production efficiency of farmland were the key factors contributing to the improvement in farmland connectivity.
基金supported by the Chinese Field Epidemiology Training Program,the Research and Development of Standards and Standardization of Nomenclature in the Field of Public Health-Research Project on the Development of the Disciplines of Public Health and Preventive Medicine[242402]the Shandong Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Plan[202112050731].
文摘Objective This study investigated the epidemic characteristics and spatio-temporal dynamics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)in Qingdao City,China.Methods Information was collected on HFRS cases in Qingdao City from 2010 to 2022.Descriptive epidemiologic,seasonal decomposition,spatial autocorrelation,and spatio-temporal cluster analyses were performed.Results A total of 2,220 patients with HFRS were reported over the study period,with an average annual incidence of 1.89/100,000 and a case fatality rate of 2.52%.The male:female ratio was 2.8:1.75.3%of patients were aged between 16 and 60 years old,75.3%of patients were farmers,and 11.6%had both“three red”and“three pain”symptoms.The HFRS epidemic showed two-peak seasonality:the primary fall-winter peak and the minor spring peak.The HFRS epidemic presented highly spatially heterogeneous,street/township-level hot spots that were mostly distributed in Huangdao,Pingdu,and Jiaozhou.The spatio-temporal cluster analysis revealed three cluster areas in Qingdao City that were located in the south of Huangdao District during the fall-winter peak.Conclusion The distribution of HFRS in Qingdao exhibited periodic,seasonal,and regional characteristics,with high spatial clustering heterogeneity.The typical symptoms of“three red”and“three pain”in patients with HFRS were not obvious.
文摘Nowadays, wildlife road mortality is acknowledged as a main source of threatening long-term survival of wildlife. This paper as the first to analysis wild life vehicle collisions in Iran, aims to reconstruct and interpret the spatio-temporal patterns of WVCs on Asiaei highway in Golestan National Park (GNP). With the collaboration of environmental protection department of GNP, we identified about 1900 WVC Records involving 34 different species of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians between 2004 and 2013. Mammals were involved in more than 50% of overall WVCs, among which wild boar (Sus scrofa), Golden Jackal (Canis aureus), Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), hedgehog (Erinaceus concolor), stone marten (Martes foina) and porcupine (Hystrix indica) were involved in more than 90% of mammals’ mortalities;So, we focused on analyzing spatio-temporal pattern of vehicle collisions of these six mammal species. During the study period, these species have undergone 95% increase in road mortalities, averagely. Detailed temporal analyses exhibited an increasing trend of road mortalities from spring to summer and then a reducing one to late winter. It was shown that a large number of collisions occurred in holiday periods when recreational trips considerably increased the traffic volume of Asiaei highway. Preliminary inspection of spatial patterns using Kernel density analysis revealed six collision hotspots, mostly located in the road bends with densely forested land cover on both sides;the promenades along the road seemed to play a significant role too. Scale dependency analyses of collision patterns, demonstrated clustering pattern at micro scales less than 10 km, randomness at meso scales 10 - 20 km and both regularity and clustering at macro scales more than 20 km. This paper suggests that road mortality of common species in GNP is a momentous issue, which needs to be considered by relevant governmental and public organizations. We also emphasize that the analyses of spatial and temporal patterns of WVCs are fundamentals to plan for mitigate wildlife road mortality.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Plan Project of Heilongjiang Province (2022ZX02C13)。
文摘Xishui National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province hosts China's most pristine temperate forests and serves as a key site for ecotourism and forest therapy.However,the emission patterns of phytoncides(key bio active compounds) remain poorly understood,limiting their therapeutic application.This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of spatiotemporal dynamics in airborne phytoncides and their synergistic interactions with environmental factors throughout the autumn-early spring seasonal transition in a temperate forest ecosystem.We analyzed the compositional dynamics of phytoncides and terpenoid content variations using thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(TD-GC-MS) from September 2024 to March 2025.This period encompassed seasonal transitions from autumn to early spring,including diurnal variations in September and snowfall events in November.The method demonstrated detection limits(LODs) ranging from 1.35 to 5.33 ng m-3 and quantification limits(LOQs) from 4.09 to 16.15 ng m-3.Our results revealed pronounced seasonal fluctuations in phytoncide composition.In September,terpenoids,esters,alcohols,and alkanes displayed a diurnal "decrease-increase" trend,whereas aldehydes and ketones peaked at midday.Notably,esters and alcohols were undetectable in November and January.By January,terpenoids reached their lowest proportion(0.17±0.02%) at noon.Five terpenoids(α-pinene,myrcene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) were detected in September,four(α-pinene,D-limonene,camphene,p-cymene) in November,two(D-limonene,p-cymene) in January,and only p-cymene in March.The total concentration and emission rate of the five terpenoids peaked in September afternoons at 1961.58±106.67 ng m^(-3) and653.86±35.56 ng m^(-3) h^(-1),respectively.Nocturnal emissions(32131.95±2522.21 ng m^(-3)) significantly surpassed daytime levels(14473.04±958.49 ng m^(-3)),with emission rates escalating from 1447.30±95.85 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(day) to 5355.33±420.37 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)(night),marking a3.7-fold increase.Snowfall dramatically elevated terpenoid concentrations(pre-snowfall:158.58±14.12 ng m^(-3);post-snowfall:1080.57±57.76 ng m^(-3)) and emission rates(pre-snowfall:52.86±4.71 ng m^(-3) h^(-1);post-snowfall:360.19±19.25 ng m^(-3) h^(-1)),reflecting a 6.8-fold surge.This study underscores the profound influence of light intensity,seasonal shifts,and climatic conditions on airborne phytoncide levels,offering a scientific foundation for optimizing forest therapy and ecotourism strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.42361040].
文摘Under the influence of human activities,landscape fragmentation in the Wei River Basin(WRB)has become increasingly severe.Upstream development has intensified soil erosion,and industrial and agricultural pollution in the middle reaches has degraded water quality.Rapid urbanization has further caused habitat fragmentation and biodiversity loss.Collectively,these challenges threaten human well-being and hinder sustainable development,making the construction and optimization of an ecological security pattern(ESP)urgently necessary.However,existing studies often fail to systematically integrate future landscape ecological risk(LER)assessment with ESP optimization.This study evaluated regional LER using the“ecological patches-ecological resistance surface(ERS)-ecological corridor”framework,combined with land-use predictions under three development scenarios,and optimized the ESP by adjusting the ERS and extracting ecological corridors.The results indicate that the LER in the WRB follows an“inverted N”distribution,with low-risk areas concentrated in forested mountain regions and high-risk areas mainly in cultivated land subject to intensive human activity.Across future scenarios,ESPs showed fewer ecological breakpoints and improved landscape connectivity than the 2020 baseline.Scenario-based differences emerged in the spatial configuration of ERS adjustments,with the ecological protection scenario yielding the lowest LER and most favorable ESP.This study demonstrates the deep integration of multi-scenario simulation with LER assessment,providing a new framework for ESP optimization.The findings have guiding significance for ecological protection and coordinated development in the WRB and offer a novel paradigm for sustainable development in ecologically fragile basins worldwide.
基金The Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program,No.2019QZKK0608。
文摘Understanding the impacts of human activities on the plateau’s living environment is essential for advancing modernization pathways that promote harmony between humanity and nature.However,studies on the dynamic interactions between human activities and the living environment on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(QXP)remain limited,with a paucity of quantitative relationship analyses.This study established an assessment framework to evaluate human influences on the living environment in QXP,using data on typical human activities,ecological conditions,and human settlements.Within this framework,the spatial analysis methods and the coupling coordination model were used to examine the spatio-temporal characteristics and relationship of human activities and living environment on the QXP from 2000 to 2020.The geographical detector model was then applied to identify the key factors influencing the plateau’s human living environment.Subsequently,the four-quadrant analysis model was adopted to assess human influences on the living environment.The results indicate that the human activity intensity(HAI)on the QXP remained relatively low yet increased by 15.41%from 2000 to 2020.Spatially,the human living environment quality(LEQ)improved from northwest to southeast,with 61.14%of the areas remaining stable and 18.47%experiencing slight improvement.The analysis of coupling coordination revealed a continuous improvement between the HAI and LEQ,with the areas of high and relatively high coordinated types increasing by more than 9%.Precipitation and urban-rural construction were identified as the primary factors influencing changes in the LEQ.The interaction between the HAI and LEQ was strengthening,with 40.44%classified as coordinated development type and 38.35%as development-environment conflict type.These findings provide valuable insights for enhancing the resilience of human settlements and promoting green development across the plateau.
基金partly supported by the Youth Foundation of the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation[grant number 2024QN06017 and 2025MS06022]the Basic Scientific Research Business Fee Project for Universities in Inner Mongolia[grant numbers 2023XKJX019 and 2023XKJX024]the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund through[grant number 2024ZY0084].
文摘Traffic flow prediction constitutes a fundamental component of Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS),playing a pivotal role in mitigating congestion,enhancing route optimization,and improving the utilization efficiency of roadway infrastructure.However,existingmethods struggle in complex traffic scenarios due to static spatio-temporal embedding,restricted multi-scale temporal modeling,and weak representation of local spatial interactions.This study proposes Bi-STAT+,an enhanced bidirectional spatio-temporal attention framework to address existing limitations through three principal contributions:(1)an adaptive spatio-temporal embedding module that dynamically adjusts embeddings to capture complex traffic variations;(2)frequency-domain analysis in the temporal dimension for simultaneous high-frequency details and low-frequency trend extraction;and(3)an agent attention mechanism in the spatial dimension that enhances local feature extraction through dynamic weight allocation.Extensive experiments were performed on four distinct datasets,including two publicly benchmark datasets(PEMS04 and PEMS08)and two private datasets collected from Baotou and Chengdu,China.The results demonstrate that Bi-STAT+consistently outperforms existing methods in terms of MAE,RMSE,and MAPE,while maintaining strong robustness against missing data and noise.Furthermore,the results highlight that prediction accuracy improves significantly with higher sampling rates,providing crucial insights for optimizing real-world deployment scenarios.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3500100)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82230126 and U24A20800)+3 种基金Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0502600 and 2023ZD0502601)National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(82222075)the Incubation Program for the Science and Technology Development of Chinese Medicine Guangdong Laboratory(HQL2024PZ045 and HQCML-C-2024003)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pattern and Formula(2022B1212010012).
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is a holistic medical system that classifies and treats diseases based on the concept of patterns.These patterns describe the pathophysiological process of a disease at a specific stage,reflecting both external signs and internal features.TCM patterns are central to pattern differentiation,treatment,clinical practice,and theoretical development in TCM.However,scientific explanation of TCM patterns remains limited because of subjective diagnostic criteria,the absence of a standardized experimental medical system,and unclear biological mechanisms,which restrict the modernization and globalization of TCM.Addressing challenges such as strong subjectivity in diagnosis,lack of standardized experimental systems,and unclear biological mechanisms is necessary to clarify the scientific meaning of TCM patterns and to provide technical approaches for the modernization and globalization of TCM.A strategy focused on“pathogenic factors,genetic predisposition,and disease progression stages”was adopted.This approach included the following:(Ⅰ)constructing disease-pattern integrated biological models with animal models,organoids,and multi-organ chips;(Ⅱ)applying multi-omics technologies,such as spatial omics,single-cell omics,and dynamic metabolic flux omics;(Ⅲ)using artificial intelligence(AI)and big data for data integration and prediction of pattern evolution;and(Ⅳ)validating formula–pattern associations through the“pattern differentiation through formula efficacy”approach.These strategies directly address the main obstacles in TCM pattern research by providing objective,quantifiable,and reproducible methodologies.Constructing disease-pattern integrated models enabled cross-scale research platforms.Applying multi-omics technologies allowed analysis of complex biological bases.AI and big data approaches addressed challenges related to heterogeneous data.The“formula-based pattern differentiation”approach supported precise interventions and the development of new drugs.This interdisciplinary framework advances TCM pattern research by moving from empirical description to objective quantification.By integrating innovative approaches,the study establishes a foundation for systematic,evidence-based TCM diagnosis and treatment,supporting accuracy and promoting international recognition and modernization of TCM.The study shows that combining multi-omics technologies,AI-driven data analysis,and disease-pattern models enables objective quantification of TCM patterns and clarifies their biological mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22479092 and 22078190)。
文摘The pseudo-two-dimensional(P2D)model plays an important role in exploring physicochemical mechanisms,predicting the state of health,and improving the fast charge capability for Li-ion batteries(LIBs).However,the fast charge leads to the lithium concentration gradient in the solid and electrolyte phases and the non-uniform electrochemical reaction at the solid/electrolyte interface.In order to decouple charge transfer reactions in LIBs under dynamic conditions,understanding the spatio-temporal resolution of the P2D model is urgently required.Till now,the study of this aspect is still insufficient.This work studies the spatio-temporal resolution for dynamic/static electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(DEIS/SEIS)on multiple scales.In detail,DEIS and SEIS with spatio-temporal resolutions are used to decouple charge transfer reactions in LIBs based on the numerical solution of the P2D model in the frequency domain.The calculated results indicate that decoupling solid diffusion requires a high spatial resolution along the r-direction in particles,decoupling electrolyte diffusion and interfacial transfer reaction requires a high spatial resolution along the x-direction,and decoupling charge transfer reactions in LIBs at an extremely low state of charge(SOC)requires an extremely high temporal resolution along the t-direction.Finally,the optimal range of spatio-temporal resolutions for DEIS/SEIS is derived,and the method to decouple charge transfer reactions with spatio-temporal resolutions is developed.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects(Grant Nos.ZK[2022]540 and[2023]099)the Survey of Amphibian and Reptile Resources in Leigongshan Nature Reserve and Literature Publishing Services(P5226002023000019).
文摘Dear Editor,Understanding patterns of species diversity is a primary research focus in macroecology,with its distribution patterns having been described and theoretically validated on a global scale(Peters et al.,2016;Sonne et al.,2025).Numerous studies have found that species richness of different taxa tends to decrease with increasing elevation and is modulated by latitudinal gradients(Peters et al.,2016;Dolson et al.,2024).This principle provides a crucial scientific basis for regional conservation planning.However,it still exhibits significant variations across different mountain ranges and taxa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32460380,42007042)State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture(SKLSSKF2023-06)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20242BAB25389)National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202410410029X)Jiangxi Province Graduate Student Innovation Special Fund Project(YC2024-S330).
文摘Urban forests are essential components of green infrastructure,however,rapid urbanization-induced changes in landscape patterns may affect their ecosystem services through complex ecological processes.A total of 184 sample plots in the built-up areas of Nanchang,China,were used as research sites.Urbanization intensities were categorized by the rate of impervious surface area,and forest types were classified into landscape and relaxation forest,attached forest(AF),road forest(RF),and ecological public welfare forest.This study aimed to explore the spatial variations in vegetation characteristics and landscape pattern indices of different forest types under rapid urbanization.The results indicated that the largest patch index(LPI),aggregation index(AI),and percentage of landscape(PLAND)in RF and AF were lower than those in the other forest types(p<0.05).With increasing urbanization intensity,the mean perimeter-area ratio increased by 130.84%,whereas the PLAND,LPI,and AI decreased by 22−86%(p<0.05).Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning suggested that the interpretation rate of landscape pattern indices for variations in vegetation characteristics increased from low to heavy urbanization areas.Especially,the landscape shape index,patch connection index,PLAND,and mean patch size were significantly correlated with vegetation characteristics(e.g.,tree richness,herb coverage,and tree height).In the future,appropriate landscape layout superiority cases should be considered in different urbanization areas and forest types;for instance,increasing the patch connection index will beneficially improve the diversity of trees and herbs in heavy urbanization areas and the RF.This study serves as a reference for maximizing the ecosystem services of urban forests.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12102321 and 52192633)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2025JCYBMS-050)。
文摘A design idea for single-component metamaterial plates is proposed to achieve the thermal stability of flexural wave bandgap by the perforated and pre-curved patterns.The band structure analysis suggests that perforation can release part of the in-plane thermal expansion to weaken the softening effect of thermal stress.Introducing precurved components to the perforated structure will stop the decrement of the bandgap frequency in thermal environment,and even make the frequency higher with appropriate structural parameters.The bending stiffness of the heated plate is enhanced by the thermal deflection induced stiffening effect of the pre-curved components.The segmented pre-curved component presents a strong ability to resist the thermal influence on the flexural wave bandgap.A simplified model is established for the local structure of the precurved component.The theoretical calculations explain the thermally induced frequency increment of the bandgap and the discrepancy in the thermal response between the two pre-curved models.The transmittance of flexural wave validates the effectiveness of the proposed design.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2023-00249743).
文摘This study proposes a novel forecasting framework that simultaneously captures the strong periodicity and irregular meteorological fluctuations inherent in solar radiation time series.Existing approaches typically define inter-regional correlations using either simple correlation coefficients or distance-based measures when applying spatio-temporal graph neural networks(STGNNs).However,such definitions are prone to generating spurious correlations due to the dominance of periodic structures.To address this limitation,we adopt the Elastic-Band Transform(EBT)to decompose solar radiation into periodic and amplitude-modulated components,which are then modeled independently with separate graph neural networks.The periodic component,characterized by strong nationwide correlations,is learned with a relatively simple architecture,whereas the amplitude-modulated component is modeled with more complex STGNNs that capture climatological similarities between regions.The predictions from the two components are subsequently recombined to yield final forecasts that integrate both periodic patterns and aperiodic variability.The proposed framework is validated with multiple STGNN architectures,and experimental results demonstrate improved predictive accuracy and interpretability compared to conventional methods.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42230720)the 2023 Annual Qinghai Province"Kunlun Talents-High-end Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent"Program Project.
文摘The Qaidam Basin,a typical alpine arid inland basin on the northern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China,hosts wetland ecosystems that are strongly constrained by topography and extreme climate.These ecosystems exhibit pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity and fragmented distribution patterns,rendering them highly sensitive to environmental change.This study integrated Sentinel-2 remote sensing imagery with the SedInConnect model to delineate wetland patch distributions and calculate the Index of Connectivity(IC)values across the basin.Based on IC values,we stratified field sampling sites into high-,moderate-,and lowconnectivity gradient groups to analyze the relationships among plant community characteristics,vegetation spatial patterns,and wetland connectivity in the Qaidam Basin.Partial Least Squares Path Modeling(PLSPM)was further employed to quantify the driving mechanisms underlying wetland vegetation characteristics.The results revealed that wetland connectivity across the basin was generally low,with IC values up to 1.32 and displaying a west-to-east decreasing gradient.The west and northwest were characterized by relatively continuous high-connectivity wetland networks,while fragmented and low-connectivity wetlands predominated in the east and southeast.Connectivity regulated wetland vegetation patterns primarily by affecting patch size,fragmentation,and internal adjacency.High-connectivity areas had higher class area(CA),largest patch index(LPI),and area-weighted mean patch size(AREA_AM)than low-connectivity areas.Connectivity had the strongest effect on vegetation coverage,which declined sharply from 87.577%in highconnectivity areas to 12.152%in low-connectivity areas.Meanwhile,species diversity showed a moderately negative response to connectivity changes,whereas species evenness remained relatively unaffected.PLS-PM explained 78.300%and 67.500%of the variance in vegetation community and vegetation pattern,respectively.Climate played a dominant role in shaping vegetation characteristics,with significant negative effects on both vegetation community and pattern.Topography influenced vegetation indirectly through climate,and connectivity was influenced by both drivers and exerted positive effects on vegetation community and pattern.This study reveals the multi-pathway driving mechanisms underlying vegetation pattern formation in alpine wetlands,providing a theoretical foundation and decision-support framework for the scientific conservation and adaptive management of wetlands in the Qaidam Basin.
文摘BACKGROUND Drug utilization research has an important role in assisting the healthcare administration to know,compute,and refine the prescription whose principal objective is to enable the rational use of drugs.Research in developing nations relating to the cost of treatment is scarce when compared with developed countries.Thus,the drug utilization research studies from developing nations are most needed,and their number has been growing.AIM To evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs and direct medical cost analysis in patients newly diagnosed with schizophrenia.METHODS The present study was observational in type and based on a retrospective cohort to evaluate patterns of utilization of antipsychotic drugs using World Health Organization(WHO)core prescribing indicators and anatomical therapeutic chemical/defined daily dose indicators.We also calculated direct medical costs for a period of 6 months.RESULTS This study has found that atypical antipsychotics are the mainstay of treatment for schizophrenia in every age group and subcategories of schizophrenia.The evaluation based on WHO prescribing indicators showed a low average number of drugs per prescription and low prescribing frequency of antipsychotics from the National List of Essential Medicines 2015 and the WHO Essential Medicines List 2019.The total mean drug cost of our study was 1396 Indian rupees.The total mean cost due to the investigation in our study was 1017.34 Indian rupees.Therefore,the total mean direct medical cost incurred on patients in our study was 4337.28 Indian rupees.CONCLUSION The information from the present study can be used for reviewing and updating treatment policy at the institutional level.
